EP2992281A1 - Appareil de stockage, transport et distribution de marchandises réfrigérées ou congelées, en particulier pour des conteneurs thermiquement isolés de véhicules réfrigérants, de chambres froides et analogues - Google Patents

Appareil de stockage, transport et distribution de marchandises réfrigérées ou congelées, en particulier pour des conteneurs thermiquement isolés de véhicules réfrigérants, de chambres froides et analogues

Info

Publication number
EP2992281A1
EP2992281A1 EP14804311.0A EP14804311A EP2992281A1 EP 2992281 A1 EP2992281 A1 EP 2992281A1 EP 14804311 A EP14804311 A EP 14804311A EP 2992281 A1 EP2992281 A1 EP 2992281A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
phase change
change material
thermal storage
refrigerated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14804311.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2992281A4 (fr
Inventor
Michal Kolda
Markéta KOPECKA
Michal Hegar
Václav RAJTMAJER
Pavel Houdek
Lubo FOREJT
Alberto Ghiraldi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thermo King Corp
Original Assignee
Thermo King Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from IT000715A external-priority patent/ITMI20130715A1/it
Priority claimed from IT000796A external-priority patent/ITMI20130796A1/it
Application filed by Thermo King Corp filed Critical Thermo King Corp
Publication of EP2992281A1 publication Critical patent/EP2992281A1/fr
Publication of EP2992281A4 publication Critical patent/EP2992281A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/005—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies combined with heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with the heat-exchange conduits forming part of, or being attached to, the tank containing the body of fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0056—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using solid heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/14—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally
    • F28F1/22—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/006—Preventing deposits of ice
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007—Auxiliary supports for elements
    • F28F9/013—Auxiliary supports for elements for tubes or tube-assemblies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an apparatus for the storage, transport and distribution of refrigerated or frozen goods, in particular for thermally insulated containers of refrigerated vans, cold rooms and the like.
  • ATP standards include, but are not limited to, Class A, for "chilled” goods, and Class C, for "frozen” goods.
  • ATP standards include, but are not limited to, Class A, for "chilled” goods, and Class C, for "frozen” goods.
  • some containers can maintain temperatures between about -35°C and about 2 FC.
  • the present disclosure aims to provide an apparatus for the storage, transport and distribution of refrigerated or frozen goods, in particular for thermally insulated containers of refrigerated vehicles and the like.
  • the embodiments described herein can provide:
  • an apparatus for the storage, transport and distribution of refrigerated or frozen goods in particular for thermally insulated containers of refrigerated vehicles, cold rooms and the like, including one or more thermal storage devices, each including a housing defining a cavity for holding a phase change material, the cavity containing a heat exchanger that may be supplied with a heat transfer fluid, characterized in that the housing has a first wall with a substantially flat surface and a second wall, opposite the first wall, with a surface that is at least partially finned, a ventilator being associated with the one or more thermal storage devices.
  • Figure 1 is an end-on view of a first embodiment of an apparatus for the storage of refrigerated or frozen goods, according to the disclosure, placed inside a refrigerated container.
  • Figure 2 is a side view of a refrigerated container, containing the apparatus of Figure 1, according to the disclosure.
  • Figure 3 is a side view of the apparatus of Figure 1, according to the disclosure, inside the refrigerated container.
  • Figure 4 is an end-on view of a thermal storage device included in the apparatus of Figure 1.
  • Figure 5 is a side view of the thermal storage device of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a plan view from above of the thermal storage device of Figure 4.
  • Figure 7 is a view in section, along the line VII -VII, of the thermal storage device shown in Figure 4.
  • Figure 8 is an end-on view of a second embodiment of an apparatus for the storage of refrigerated or frozen goods, according to the disclosure, placed inside a refrigerated container.
  • Figure 9 is a side view of the apparatus of Figure 8, according to the disclosure, inside the refrigerated container.
  • Figure 10 is an end-on view of a thermal storage device included in the apparatus of Figure 8.
  • Figure 11 is a side view of the thermal storage device of Figure 10.
  • Figure 12 is a plan view from below of the thermal storage device of Figure 10.
  • Figure 13 is a view in section, along the line XIII -XIII, of the thermal storage device shown in Figure 12.
  • Figure 14 is an end-on view of a third embodiment of an apparatus for the storage of refrigerated or frozen goods, according to the disclosure, placed inside a refrigerated container.
  • Figure 15 is a side view of the apparatus of Figure 14, according to the disclosure, inside the refrigerated container.
  • Figure 16 is view in section of the apparatus shown in Figure 14, along the line XVI-XVI.
  • Figure 17 is an end-on view of a thermal storage device included in the apparatus of Figure 14.
  • Figure 18 is a side view of the thermal storage device of Figure 17.
  • Figure 19 is a plan view from above of the thermal storage device of Figure 17.
  • Figure 20 is a view in section, along the line XX-XX, of the thermal storage device shown in Figure 19.
  • the apparatus 1 for the storage of refrigerated or frozen goods in particular for thermally insulated containers of refrigerated transport vehicles, cold rooms and the like, includes one or more thermal storage devices 3, each including a housing 5 defining a cavity 7 designed to hold a phase change material.
  • the cavity 7 contains a heat exchanger 9 that may be supplied with a heat transfer fluid.
  • the housing 5 has a first wall 11 with a substantially flat surface and a second wall 13, opposite the first wall 11, with a surface that is at least partially finned.
  • the housing 5 includes a ventilator 15 associated with the thermal storage device 3.
  • each thermal storage device 3 houses a heat exchanger 9, which can have a double U-shaped tubular profile 90, inside which there flows a heat transfer fluid.
  • the heat exchanger 9 is immersed in a phase change material and is capable of cooling, or alternatively heating, if required, the phase change material.
  • the double U-shaped tubular profile 90 can have an external surface 91, in contact with the phase change material, which is substantially smooth, and an internal surface 92, in contact with the heat transfer fluid, which includes a plurality of fins, to promote the exchange of heat.
  • the U-shaped tubular profile 90 can include a flat structure 93 that connects, also thermally, the two, upward and downward, sections of the tubular elements of the U-shaped profile.
  • the flat structure 93 immersed in the phase change material, has a ratio between the surface on the phase change material side and the surface on the heat transfer fluid side corresponding to the respective heat exchange coefficients.
  • the flat structure 93 also has ends 95 that may be inserted in corresponding guides 94 formed on the inside surface of the housing 5 for fitting the heat exchanger 9 inside the housing 5 of the thermal storage device 3.
  • the phase change material can include any phase change material having a solid-liquid transition occurring between about 0°C and about -32°C.
  • the phase change material may be selected from the group including:
  • hydrogen peroxide in concentrations of between about 1.5% and about 6%, i.e., from about 5 to about 20 volumes can have a solid-liquid transition temperature substantially in the range between about -1°C and about -6°C, and can be used for the storage of "chilled" goods.
  • hydrogen peroxide in concentrations of between about 25% and about 35%, i.e. from about 80 to about 116 volumes can have a solid-liquid transition temperature substantially in the range between about 25°C and about -32°C, and can be used for the storage of "frozen" goods, corresponding to Class C of the ATP standard.
  • n-decane can have a solid-liquid transition temperature of about -29.5°C and can be used for the storage of "frozen" goods.
  • hydrogen peroxide in concentrations of between about 1.5% and about 10% can be stabilized and characterized by a release of oxygen of less than about 3% of the oxygen content per year, equivalent to less than about 90 liters of 0 2 for every about 200 liters of phase change material, corresponding to about 90/365 of a liter per day, amounting to a tiny fraction of the volume of a transport vehicle using thermal storage means of this size which, typically, can have a volume of greater than about 10 m 3 .
  • hydrogen peroxide in concentrations of between about 25% and about 35% is characterized by a release of oxygen of less than about 3% of the oxygen content per year, equivalent to less than about 270 liters of 0 2 for every about 200 liters of thermal storage liquid, corresponding to about 270/365 of a liter per day, amounting to a tiny fraction of the volume of a vehicle using thermal storage means of this size which, typically, has a volume of greater than about 10 m 3 .
  • the above thermal storage liquids can be non-flammable in the configuration used herein, compatible with aluminum, approved for use in indirect contact with foodstuffs, eco-friendly and highly stable.
  • the housing 5 of each thermal storage device 3, and the heat exchanger 9, can be made of aluminum, for example by extrusion. Indeed, the above phase change materials held in the cavity 7 of the housing 5 are not corrosive to aluminum, unlike some saline solutions used in known eutectic plates. Furthermore, compared to other types of material, aluminum can have a heat conductivity of about 221 W/m°C and a specific weight of about 2.7 tonnes/m 3 , as opposed to a heat conductivity of about 45 W/m°C and specific weight of about 7.9 tonnes/m 3 for steel, or a heat conductivity of about 0.1 W/m°C and specific weight of about 1.1 tonnes/m 3 for plastic.
  • Figures 1 - 3, 8 - 9, and 14 - 16 show a refrigerated van container 100, including the apparatus 1 for the storage of refrigerated or frozen goods.
  • the apparatus 1 is positioned adjacent to the end wall 102 of the container 100, but not attached to the end wall 102, and raised off the floor 104 of the container 100.
  • the ventilator 15 is arranged at the top of the apparatus 1, near the ceiling 106 of the container 100.
  • the ventilator 15 can generate an airflow, indicated by the arrow 108, that passes between the floor 104 and the apparatus 1, enters the gap 110 created between the apparatus 1 and the end wall 102 of the container 100, skimming the second wall 13, and in particular the at least partially finned surface, and passes through the ventilator 15, before being dispersed in the internal space 1 12 of the container 100.
  • the wall 11 with a substantially flat surface can exchange heat by natural convection.
  • the wall 13 with an at least partially finned surface makes, with the end wall 102 of the container 100, a channel for the forced, regulated and controlled passage of an airflow generated by the ventilator 15, thereby promoting heat exchange.
  • the distance between the end wall 102 and the wall 13 of the thermal storage device 3 can be between about 4 and about 10 centimeters.
  • the ventilator 15 can include one or more DC fans.
  • the apparatus 1 may include a temperature sensor 30 for measuring the
  • Use of the heat energy stored in the apparatus 1 may be optimized by, for example, the interaction of two factors, namely:
  • the apparatus 1 includes a protective casing 21 that houses and protects the hydraulic connections for the heat exchangers 9 of each thermal storage device 3.
  • the hydraulic connections of each thermal storage device 3 include an inlet connection 210 for the supply of the heat transfer fluid, whether gas or liquid, and an outlet connection 212, for suction of the heat transfer fluid.
  • the inlet connection 210 and outlet connection 212 for each thermal storage device 3 are fitted each to one of two separate conduits that can be accessed from outside the container 100 via an external connector 214, for connecting up a thermal charger, or refrigeration/heating unit, such as a DC or AC compressor.
  • a thermal charger or refrigeration/heating unit, such as a DC or AC compressor.
  • the thermal storage device 3 is arranged with the hydraulic connections 210 and 212 of the heat exchangers 9 at the bottom.
  • the protective casing 21 is positioned underneath the set of thermal storage device 3.
  • the housing 5 of each thermal storage device includes, at the top, a closable hole 51 , visible in Figure 6, for pouring in and refilling in the event of replacement of the phase change material, thereby also making it possible to change the class of refrigeration of the vehicle, taking it from Class C to Class A, for example, when the isothermal structure of the vehicle has deteriorated to the extent that it is not possible to renew ATP certification for the original classification.
  • Such an arrangement may be selected in the case of the use of a phase change material which, in the transition from a liquid to a solid, tends to expand, since it reduces the risks of the formation of pockets of liquid-phase phase change material which, because the phase change material does not freeze in the correct sequence, cannot drain off, and freeze later, giving rise to
  • the sequence of freezing of the phase change material is such that the liquid freezes gradually, and uniformly, from the bottom up and from the center towards the sides, to allow the part which is still liquid to move upwards, thus preventing the formation of pockets of liquid that, when they later freeze, give rise to destructive pressure levels.
  • a free expansion volume is left inside the housing 5, at a rate of between about 5% to about 15% of the volume taken up by the phase change material.
  • a further measure would be to place a relief valve at the top of the housing 5, to let off excess pressure owing to dilation when passing from one state to the other, or owing to the release of oxygen over time by the hydrogen peroxide.
  • the thermal storage device 3 is arranged with the hydraulic connections 210 and 212 for the circuit of the heat exchanger 9 at the top, and the protective casing 21 is also positioned at the top of the apparatus 1.
  • This arrangement may be selected in the case of the use of a phase change material that contracts in the liquid- solid transition phase.
  • the closable hole 51 is made at the top of the housing 5.
  • the apparatus 1 there are members 120 for securing the apparatus 1 to the end wall 102 of the container, and members 122 for supporting the apparatus 1 on the floor 104, so that the apparatus is raised off the floor 104.
  • the apparatus 1 also includes protective bars 124, facing the internal space 112 of the container 100, to prevent the apparatus 1 from being damaged by goods shifting inside the container 100.
  • the housing 5 of each thermal storage device 3 includes a conduit 17 for the passage of a heat transfer fluid associated with at least one of the first, substantially flat, wall 11 and the second wall 13 with an at least partially finned surface of the housing 5.
  • the passage conduit 17 can be associated with the second wall 13.
  • the heat transfer fluid is capable of heating the wall of the housing 5, to defrost it rapidly and efficiently.
  • Said passage conduit 17 forms part of a defrosting circuit including an upper hydraulic branch 170 and a lower hydraulic branch 172, and it is accessible from outside the container 100, via the external connector 214.
  • the internal surface of the passage conduit 17 may have internal fins 175.
  • the external connector 214 may thus include various types of connections, all of which are generally quick-connections, for connecting, for example, the circuit of the thermal charger and therefore for the entry of the heat transfer fluid, or for connecting the defrosting circuit and therefore for the entry of the heat transfer fluid.
  • Said external connector 214 may further include electrical connections for connecting to the temperature sensor 30 and the ventilator 15, for the purpose of monitoring the electrical peripherals.
  • the thermal charger may include a cooling compressor and the relevant
  • the apparatus 1 may include, in a modular manner, as many thermal storage devices 3 as necessary, according to the dimensions of the container 100 and the required thermal performance.
  • the apparatus 1 is connected, via the external connector 214, to a thermal charger that can take it to the right temperature and circulate the heat transfer fluid, whether liquid or gas, inside the heat exchanger 9.
  • the heat transfer fluid brings the phase change material in the cavity 7 of the housing 5 of each thermal storage device 3 to a temperature that is lower than the characteristic solid-liquid transition temperature.
  • the doors of the container 100 may be open for loading/unloading of the goods to be transported.
  • the thermal charger can include an AC or DC compressor, and may be stand-alone or be installed on the van and be capable, in relation to the predefined configuration, to perform the functions of thermal charging for the Class A and Class C versions, heating for Class A vehicles for use in particularly cold climates, rapid defrosting for Class C versions and lowering of the temperature of goods loaded at non-optimal or non-standard temperatures.
  • the layer of ice formed on the wall of the apparatus is quickly melted.
  • the heat transfer fluid may be a liquid or a gas under pressure.
  • the thermal charger may, in an embodiment, be used to heat the phase change material up to about 90°C, and the phase change material, using the sensible heat stored, can maintain the desired temperature inside the container 100 of the refrigerated van while the goods are being transported and distributed. In another embodiment, the thermal charger may be used to heat the phase change material up to about 60°C.
  • the apparatus 1 can make it possible to control exchanges of heat with the internal space 112 of the container 100, where the goods are stored.
  • the wall 11 of the housing 5 facing the internal space 112 has a flat surface
  • the wall 13 facing the end wall 102 of the container 100 is least partially finned, with a "heat exchange surface"/" surface taken up" ratio of from about 2: 1 to about 6: 1, according to an embodiment.
  • Total heat exchange therefore depends also on the heat exchange coefficient related to the speed of the airflow, and therefore it may range from about 2 W/m 2 K, in the case of natural convection, up to about 25 W/m 2 K in the case of forced ventilation. Consequently, the ratio between the heat exchange capacities of the wall 11 with a substantially flat surface and the wall 13 with an at least partially finned surface may range from a ratio of about 1 :2 to a ratio of about 1 : 100, according to an embodiment.
  • phase change material may be completely thermally charged without
  • the apparatus 1 may also be used in very cold climates, reversing the thermal gradients of operation of the apparatus 1.
  • a 7.5 tonne Class A refrigerated van is used to transport and distribute "chilled" goods.
  • the surface area for heat exchange with the outside of the refrigerated container of the van is about 37 m 2 , while the heat exchange coefficient thereof is about 0.45 W/m 2 K.
  • the heat conductivity of the container thus stands at about 16.5 W/K.
  • an apparatus 1 for storing refrigerated or frozen goods with the following features: - the wall 11 with a flat surface, facing the internal space of the refrigerated container, has a surface area of about 0.8 m 2 , and a heat exchange coefficient of about 2 W/m 2 K.
  • the wall 13 with an at least partially finned surface has a surface area of about 2.5 m 2 , and a heat exchange coefficient which, with maximum ventilation, may reach about 25 W/m 2 K.
  • the wall 11 with a flat surface has a heat conductivity of about 1.6 W/K, while the heat conductivity of the wall 13 with an at least partially finned surface may reach about 62.5 W/K.
  • phase change material in the case of the storage of "chilled" goods, during the phase of cooling of the phase change material, i.e. when the ventilator 15 is inactive, it is possible to bring the phase change material to a temperature well below the about 1°C required to store chilled goods, for example to a temperature of about -9°C, since the lower heat conductivity of the flat surface (about 1.6 W/K) with respect to the heat conductivity of the container (about 16.5 W/K) means that the container may not be excessively cooled, preventing damage to the "chilled" goods.
  • the temperature of the phase change material tends to remain around, for example, about -30°C, while the temperature specified by the applicable standard should be below about -18°C / about-20°C, and therefore the heat exchange may be adjusted according to the ambient temperature or the frequency of opening of the doors, with a consequent significant saving in energy with respect to constantly maintaining the temperature at about -30°C.
  • the apparatus 1 may also be used for storing "chilled” goods, which thus should be kept at a temperature of at least about 1°C, in very cold countries where the temperature falls below about -10°C and may even reach about -50°C.
  • the phase change material may be heated to a temperature of up to about 90°C, according to an embodiment.
  • the wall 11 with a flat surface can transmit up to about 142 W of power, in terms of heat, obtained by multiplying the heat conductivity value of about 1.6 W/K by the difference in temperature of about 89 K (obtained by subtracting, from the temperature of about 90°C of the phase change material, the temperature of about 1°C which it is desired to have inside the van container).
  • the wall 11 with a flat surface is capable of maintaining the internal temperature at about 1°C for external temperatures of up to about -8°C.
  • a temperature of about 15°C for the phase change material would be sufficient to keep the temperature inside the refrigerated container at about 1°C, even for external temperatures of about -50°C.
  • phase change material may also have the following features:
  • phase transition temperature is such that it may be used as a thermal buffer that absorbs changes in temperature caused by the heat exchanger 9, to prevent damage to the goods inside the container 100.
  • aluminum As the material for making both the housing 5 of the thermal storage device 3 and the heat exchanger 9, it may offer better thermal performance and better workability, in terms of being extruded into various shapes, and in particular fins for the wall 13 with the most suitable shape and size.
  • the apparatus 1 for the storage, transport and distribution of refrigerated or frozen goods can have a high energy efficiency due to the interaction between the exchange of heat obtained at a rate of over about 90% on the side of the heat exchanger 9 facing the end wall 102 of the container 100, which optimizes the use of the heat energy stored according to the thermal charges, the fact that it is possible to regulate the internal temperature using the ventilator 15, which can create an airflow between the heat exchanger 9 and the end wall 102 with speeds varying from about 0 to about 12 meters per second, means that an optimal internal temperature may be maintained irrespective of the point at which the phase change material changes state, without creating unnecessarily high thermal flows between the external environment and the insulated thermal container, allowing the use of cooling fluids at a temperature as close as possible to the point of change of state, and therefore optimizing the COP of the compressors of the thermal charging unit.
  • the temperature at which the phase change material used for chilled goods changes state may be such that the formation of frost on the thermal storage device during the charging phase melts during transport and therefore periodic defrosting may not be required.
  • the apparatus for the storage of refrigerated or frozen goods in particular for thermally insulated containers of refrigerated transport vehicles, cold rooms and the like, according to the present disclosure, can achieve the aim and objectives set as it enables the transport of perishable "chilled” or “frozen” goods in a manner that is economically competitive, reliable, energy efficient and environmentally friendly.
  • an embodiment of the above apparatus can have the following advantages:
  • the possibility of controlling and varying the exchange of heat makes it possible to modulate the operation of the apparatus according to the various thermal loads due to the different external conditions or the different conditions of use such as the frequency and duration of opening of the doors, the temperature and the metabolic heat of the goods stored in the refrigerated container, the result being a considerable reduction in thermal, and therefore electrical, consumption and a reduction in tare for the same level of thermal autonomy;
  • any of aspects 1 - 11 below can be combined with each other in any combination and combined with any of aspects 12, 13, 14 - 28, 29 - 32, or 33 - 35. Any of aspects 12, 13, 14 - 28, 29 - 32, or 33 - 35 can be combined with each other in any combination.
  • thermal storage devices each comprising:
  • a housing defining a cavity for holding a phase change material, the cavity containing a heat exchanger that may be supplied with a heat transfer fluid, wherein the housing has a first wall with a substantially flat surface and a second wall, opposite the first wall, with a surface that is at least partially finned,
  • a ventilator being associated with the one or more thermal storage devices.
  • Aspect 2 The apparatus according to aspect 1, wherein the housing includes a conduit for the passage of a heat transfer fluid associated with at least one of the first wall and the second wall.
  • Aspect 3 The apparatus according to any of aspects 1 - 2, wherein the internal surface of the conduit for the passage of the heat transfer fluid includes a plurality of internal fins to promote the exchange of heat between the heating liquid and the heat- conducting material of which the passage conduit is made.
  • phase change material includes one of:
  • Aspect 5 The apparatus according to any of aspects 1 - 4, wherein the housing is made of aluminum.
  • Aspect 6 The apparatus according to any of aspects 1 - 5, wherein the phase change material may be cooled so as to maintain the temperature of the internal space of a container of a refrigerated vehicle or the like below the ambient temperature outside the container, by the heat of fusion of the phase change material, or it may be heated, to maintain the temperature of the internal space of the container above the ambient temperature outside the container, by the sensible heat of the phase change material.
  • Aspect 7. The according to any of aspects 1 - 6, further comprising a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature inside the container, and the power of the ventilator may be controlled as a function of the temperature inside the container.
  • Aspect 8 The apparatus according to any of aspects 1 - 7, wherein the ventilator is capable of generating an airflow with speeds varying in the range between about 0 and about 12 meters per second.
  • Aspect 9 The apparatus according to any of aspects 1 - 8, wherein the heat exchanger has a U-shaped tubular profile, the internal surface of which, which is in contact with the heat transfer fluid, includes a plurality of fins.
  • Aspect 10 The apparatus according to any of aspects 1 - 9, wherein the housing of each thermal storage device includes a relief valve for letting off excess pressure that builds up inside the housing.
  • each thermal storage device includes, at the top, a closable hole for pouring in and refilling the phase change material and, at the bottom, a collector for draining off the phase change material.
  • a container of a refrigerated vehicle or the like comprising: an apparatus for the storage, transport and distribution of refrigerated or frozen goods as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, wherein the apparatus is positioned adjacent to the end wall of the container, but not attached to the end wall, and raised off the floor of the container, the ventilator being arranged at the top of the apparatus, near the ceiling of the container, the second wall with an at least partially finned surface of the housing facing the end wall, the ventilator being capable of generating an airflow, that passes between the floor and the apparatus, enters the gap between the apparatus and the end wall, skimming the second wall, and passes through the ventilator, before being dispersed in the container.
  • An apparatus for a refrigerated vehicle comprising:
  • one or more thermal storage device including:
  • a housing including a substantially flat wall portion and a heat transfer enhanced wall portion
  • phase change material contained within the cavity
  • a heat exchanger configured to receive a heat transfer fluid
  • a ventilator in communication with the one or more thermal storage device.
  • Aspect 15 The apparatus according to aspect 14, wherein the housing includes:
  • Aspect 16 The apparatus according to aspect 15, wherein an internal surface of the conduit includes a plurality of internal fins for exchanging heat between the second heat transfer fluid and the conduit.
  • Aspect 17 The apparatus according to any of aspects 14 - 16, wherein the phase change material has a solid-liquid transition temperature between about 0°C and about -32°C.
  • Aspect 18 The apparatus according to any of aspects 14 - 17, wherein the housing is made of aluminum and the phase change material is aluminum compatible.
  • Aspect 19 The apparatus according to any of aspects 14 - 18, wherein the phase change material is configured to maintain an internal space of the refrigerated vehicle at a temperature that is below an ambient temperature.
  • Aspect 20 The apparatus according to any of aspects 14 - 19, wherein the phase change material is configured to maintain an internal space of the refrigerated vehicle at a temperature that is above an ambient temperature.
  • Aspect 21 The apparatus according to any of aspects 14 - 20, further comprising:
  • a temperature sensor for determining a temperature of an internal space of the refrigerated vehicle.
  • Aspect 22 The apparatus according to any of aspects 14 - 21, wherein one or more settings of the ventilator are controlled as a function of the temperature of the internal space.
  • Aspect 23 The apparatus according to any of aspects 14 - 22, wherein the heat exchanger has a U-shaped tubular profile.
  • Aspect 24 The apparatus according to aspect 23, wherein an inner surface of the U-shaped tubular profile includes a plurality of fins.
  • Aspect 25 The apparatus according to any of aspects 14 - 24, wherein the housing includes a relief valve for releasing pressure from the cavity of the housing.
  • Aspect 26 The apparatus according to any of aspects 14 - 25, wherein the housing includes at least one of:
  • a closable hole for filling the phase change material into the housing, and a collector for draining the phase change material.
  • Aspect 27 The apparatus according to any of aspects 14 - 26, wherein the ventilator is configured to circulate an airflow in an internal space of the refrigerated container, thereby transferring heat between the thermal storage device and the internal space by convection.
  • a thermal storage device for use in a refrigerated vehicle comprising:
  • a housing that includes a heat transfer enhanced wall portion and a substantially flat wall portion
  • phase change material contained within the cavity
  • a heat exchanger configured to receive a heat transfer fluid
  • Aspect 30 The thermal storage device according to aspect 29, wherein the heat transfer enhanced wall portion includes one or more fins.
  • Aspect 32 The thermal storage device according to any of aspects 29 - 31 , wherein the housing is made of aluminum and the phase change material is aluminum compatible.
  • a method of controlling refrigeration in a refrigerated vehicle comprising: determining a temperature in an internal space of the refrigerated vehicle;
  • the thermal storage devices including a housing, including a substantially flat wall portion and a heat transfer enhanced wall portion, a cavity defined by an interior of the housing, a phase change material contained within the cavity, and a heat exchanger configured to receive a heat transfer fluid; and
  • controlling the ventilator to provide an airflow configured to convectively transfer heat from the one or more thermal storage devices and to provide the airflow to the internal space of the refrigerated vehicle.
  • Aspect 34 The method according to aspect 32, wherein the determining the temperature in the internal space of the refrigerated vehicle includes monitoring one or more temperature sensors.
  • Aspect 35 The method according to any of aspects 32 - 33, wherein the controlling the ventilator to provide an airflow configured to convectively transfer heat from the one or more thermal storage devices and to provide the airflow to the internal space of the refrigerated vehicle includes modifying a speed of the airflow.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil de stockage, transport et distribution de marchandises réfrigérées ou congelées, en particulier pour des conteneurs thermiquement isolés de véhicules réfrigérants, chambres froides et analogues, comprenant au moins un dispositif de stockage thermique, chaque dispositif comprenant un logement définissant une cavité destinée à contenir un matériau à changement de phase. La cavité contient un échangeur de chaleur pouvant être alimenté par un liquide d'échange thermique. Le logement comprend une partie paroi sensiblement plate et une partie paroi améliorée pour le transfert thermique. L'appareil selon l'invention comprend un ventilateur en communication avec le dispositif de stockage thermique.
EP14804311.0A 2013-05-02 2014-05-02 Appareil de stockage, transport et distribution de marchandises réfrigérées ou congelées, en particulier pour des conteneurs thermiquement isolés de véhicules réfrigérants, de chambres froides et analogues Withdrawn EP2992281A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000715A ITMI20130715A1 (it) 2013-05-02 2013-05-02 Apparato per la conservazione, il trasporto e la distribuzione di prodotti refrigerati o congelati, particolarmente per vani termicamente isolati di mezzi di trasporto frigoriferi, celle frigorifere o simili.
IT000796A ITMI20130796A1 (it) 2013-05-15 2013-05-15 Apparato per la conservazione e il trasporto di prodotti freschi o surgelati, particolarmente per container termicamente isolati o simili.
PCT/US2014/036552 WO2014193600A1 (fr) 2013-05-02 2014-05-02 Appareil de stockage, transport et distribution de marchandises réfrigérées ou congelées, en particulier pour des conteneurs thermiquement isolés de véhicules réfrigérants, de chambres froides et analogues

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2992281A1 true EP2992281A1 (fr) 2016-03-09
EP2992281A4 EP2992281A4 (fr) 2017-01-18

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EP14804311.0A Withdrawn EP2992281A4 (fr) 2013-05-02 2014-05-02 Appareil de stockage, transport et distribution de marchandises réfrigérées ou congelées, en particulier pour des conteneurs thermiquement isolés de véhicules réfrigérants, de chambres froides et analogues
EP14830302.7A Withdrawn EP2991916A1 (fr) 2013-05-02 2014-05-02 Dispositif de conservation et de transport de produits frais ou congelés, en particulier pour des conteneurs thermiquement isolés ou similaires

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EP14830302.7A Withdrawn EP2991916A1 (fr) 2013-05-02 2014-05-02 Dispositif de conservation et de transport de produits frais ou congelés, en particulier pour des conteneurs thermiquement isolés ou similaires

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US (2) US20160109186A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP2992281A4 (fr)
CN (2) CN105593134A (fr)
WO (2) WO2014193600A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN105593134A (zh) 2016-05-18
WO2015012932A1 (fr) 2015-01-29
US20160109186A1 (en) 2016-04-21
WO2014193600A1 (fr) 2014-12-04
EP2991916A1 (fr) 2016-03-09
CN105579797A (zh) 2016-05-11
EP2992281A4 (fr) 2017-01-18
US20160109187A1 (en) 2016-04-21

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