EP2992271A1 - Dispositif de chauffage et/ou de rafraichissement a paroi ayant un capteur thermique solaire et un element de stockage d'energie thermique - Google Patents
Dispositif de chauffage et/ou de rafraichissement a paroi ayant un capteur thermique solaire et un element de stockage d'energie thermiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP2992271A1 EP2992271A1 EP14719754.5A EP14719754A EP2992271A1 EP 2992271 A1 EP2992271 A1 EP 2992271A1 EP 14719754 A EP14719754 A EP 14719754A EP 2992271 A1 EP2992271 A1 EP 2992271A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- environment
- fluid
- solar thermal
- storage element
- heat transfer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
- F24D15/02—Other domestic- or space-heating systems consisting of self-contained heating units, e.g. storage heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0089—Systems using radiation from walls or panels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
- F24S20/66—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of facade constructions, e.g. wall constructions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
- F24S20/67—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of roof constructions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/10—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using latent heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
- F24D2220/10—Heat storage materials, e.g. phase change materials or static water enclosed in a space
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
Definitions
- Wall-mounted heating and / or cooling device having a solar thermal sensor and a thermal energy storage element
- the invention relates to a heating and / or cooling device for a building, comprising a wall intended to form part of a wall or roof of a building and delimiting on both sides of the wall an environment outside the building. and an interior environment of the building.
- the subject of the invention is also a method of operating such a heating and / or cooling device for a building.
- a first concept is known under the name of "sensor wall", for example developed in document CN201575609.
- the solar radiation is enhanced by the greenhouse effect by placing a glazing unit in front of a concrete wall and leaving between the two a blade of air, forming a solar thermal sensor.
- the concrete wall is in direct contact with the air gap and is airtight.
- the energy is transmitted by conduction through the wall from the air space heated by the greenhouse effect, then by radiation and air convection of a building room. This transmission is done with a phase shift of up to 1 1 hours if the concrete wall thickness is 40 cm. This phase shift is used to heat the room when there is no more sun.
- Trombe Wall is a glazing delimiting an air space with a wall, commonly made of concrete. This is also a solar thermal sensor in the same way as in the case of a sensor wall, described above.
- high and low openings are made in the wall to create a flow of air between the air space and the air of the room to be heated.
- the air coming from the outside through the low opening and heated up in the air gap enters the room through the high opening during an operating mode associated with the winter period.
- indoor air is drawn through the top opening.
- the heat input in the air gap serves as a thermosiphon forcing the hot air evacuation from the house at the low opening to the outside.
- the Trombe wall can also be used in a closed circuit mode in which the air taken from the house at the bottom opening is heated in the air space and is thrown into the house through the top opening. .
- the sensor wall or Trombe wall Due to significant thermal losses from the wall to the solar thermal collector, the sensor wall or Trombe wall provides much less heat energy than it receives. In order to limit these losses, it is conventionally necessary to provide thermal insulation or shading outside the glazing, on the side of the external environment, or to implement double glazing. This is necessary to avoid a overheating of the wall in summer during the day and to prevent the wall from cooling too quickly at night, especially during winter periods.
- WO8500212A1 describes a variant of the Trombe wall which improves its efficiency. It is a panel formed by a stack with a solar thermal sensor in which an air space is trapped and a thermal energy tank through which the air to be heated. The reservoir is arranged so as to constitute a heat exchanger in the stacking direction promoting as much as possible the heat transfer between the air space and the air to be heated. The heat transfer stream entering the panel and flowing through the tank is separated in two, so that part of this stream participates in the heat exchange and heat transfer function, circulating in channels defined by fins formed in the tank.
- this solution does not answer the problems listed above.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a heating and / or cooling device for building that overcomes the disadvantages listed above.
- an object of the invention is to provide such a device which is compact and small, easy to implement, less expensive than the existing solutions presented above, while being easy to implement and manage on a daily basis, and also for performing refresh operations.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary device according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the thermal energy storage element used in the device of FIG. 1,
- FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view in vertical section along the transverse thickness of the device of FIGS. 1 and 2
- FIGS. 4 and 5 are associated with the operation of the device when it operates in a first variant of a first mode of operation
- FIGS. 6 and 7 are associated with the operation of the device when it operates in a second variant of the first mode of operation
- FIGS. 14 and 15 are associated with the operation of the device when it operates in a first example of a fifth mode of operation
- the description which follows with reference to Figures 1 to 17 relates to a heating and / or cooling device for building and its operating method. This includes operating the device in a selected operating mode from a plurality of predetermined operating modes, which will be detailed later.
- the solution uses a solar thermal sensor 10, a thermal energy storage element 12, the assembly being arranged so as to allow a good solar or thermal protection and to have good efficiency for heating in winter and / or for cooling in summer.
- the heating and / or cooling device comprises a wall intended to constitute a portion of a wall or roof of a building and to delimit on both sides of the wall an external environment. rated "EX" to the building and an interior environment rated “El" of the building.
- the wall is intended to enter into the constitution of an outer envelope of the building.
- the wall is preferably in the form of an integral panel whose constituent elements are fixed to each other, the wall being in one piece in this case.
- This wall may possibly allow a structural holding of the outer shell of the building.
- the wall can be a carrier, that is to say, resume efforts from the building lift so as to avoid collapse.
- it remains that it can possibly be non-carrier in the manner of a conventional window for example.
- the heating and / or cooling device may make it possible to carry out a heating operation of the internal environment E 1, in particular but not exclusively when the internal environment E 1 is warmer than the external environment EX, thanks to the presence of the sensor solar thermal 10 in particular.
- the wall is generally plane in a plane defined by the longitudinal X and vertical directions Z, and its thickness is counted along the transverse direction Y.
- the longitudinal direction X corresponds to the width of the wall
- the vertical direction Z corresponds to the height of Wall.
- the thickness of the wall corresponds to the dimension ranging from the external environment EX to the interior environment E1 or vice versa, in the transverse direction Y.
- the wall is constituted by a stack made in a stacking direction corresponding to the thickness of the wall, therefore in the direction Y, which comprises the following elements going from the external environment EX to the inner environment E1:
- a solar thermal sensor 10 which delimits a first fluid circulation volume V1 adapted to the circulation of a first flow of heat transfer fluid through the solar thermal sensor 10,
- a first thermally insulating element 11 in particular in the form of a panel or a layer of thermally insulating material, a thermal energy storage element 12, the first thermally insulating element 1 1 opposing heat transfer, following the thickness of the wall, between the thermal energy storage element 12 and the coolant present in the first fluid flow volume V1.
- the wall is constituted by a stack comprising: a solar thermal sensor 10 turned on the side of the external environment EX and delimiting a first fluid circulation volume V1 a first flow of heat transfer fluid through the solar thermal sensor,
- a first thermally insulating element 1 1 interposed between the solar thermal sensor and the thermal energy storage element.
- the solar thermal sensor 10 is capable of capturing heat by supplying calories to the first flow from the external environment EX, in particular via solar radiation incident on the solar thermal sensor 10, and transmitting all or part of this heat captured with the coolant circulating in the first fluid flow volume V1.
- the solar thermal sensor 10 may also preferably constitute a cooling element; it is in particular capable of capturing freshness by supplying frigories to the first flow from the external environment EX and of transmitting all or part of this freshness captured to the coolant circulating in the first fluid circulation volume V1 delimited in the sensor solar thermal 10.
- This capture of freshness can be done by conduction of thermal energy through the transparent partition 14 and by radiation and convection to the coolant present in the volume V1.
- such an operation is envisaged during the nocturnal periods in summer period.
- the thermal energy storage element 12 may comprise a phase change material, such as paraffin.
- phase change material such as paraffin.
- the use of the phase change material makes it possible to have good thermal inertia while limiting the thickness of the wall.
- any other nature of material may be envisaged as long as it fulfills the function thermal energy storage in the form of heat or freshness.
- it may be formed by a parallelepiped block in a plastic material, whose advantage is the lightness and the relatively low cost, or in a metal material, preferably based on aluminum.
- the first thermally insulating element 11 is generally parallelepipedal and plane in a plane defined by the longitudinal X and vertical directions Z, and its thickness is counted along the transverse direction Y.
- the thermal energy 12 is preferably monobloc (see FIG. 2) and is generally plane in a plane defined by the longitudinal X and vertical Z directions, and its thickness is counted along the transverse direction Y.
- the first thermally insulating element 11 comprises outer faces 11a and inner 11b opposite in the stacking direction, ie in the direction Y, and respectively facing the solar thermal sensor 10 and the storage element. thermal energy 12. This allows to limit the size and improve efficiency, the outer face 1 1a of the first thermally insulating element 1 1 defines a portion of the first fluid flow volume V1 and the inner face 1 1b the first thermally insulating element 11 is preferably in contact with the storage element 12 at its outer face 12a.
- the first thermally insulating element 11 is sandwiched in the stacking direction, here the transverse direction Y, between firstly the solar thermal sensor 10 (while participating preferably in the delimitation of the first fluid flow volume V1 via its outer face 1 1 b) and on the other hand an outer face 12a of the solar thermal sensor 12.
- the solar thermal sensor 10 preferably comprises a transparent partition 14 to at least a portion of the sun's radiation coming from the external environment EX with the interposition of an interval marked "D" with respect to the first thermally insulating element 11 so as to delimit the first fluid flow volume V1, especially in the form of an air gap, between the transparent partition 14 and the first thermally insulating element 11 at its outer face January 1a.
- the thermal energy storage element 12 preferably delimits a second fluid circulation volume V2 distinct from the first fluid circulation volume V1.
- This second circulation volume V2 ensures the circulation of a second flow of a heat transfer fluid through the thermal energy storage element 12. It is in particular a heat transfer fluid of the same nature as that flowing through the solar thermal sensor 10, so that a series circulation, in parallel or alternately, is selectively possible among the first and second fluid circulation volumes V1, V2.
- This configuration thus has the advantage of being able to implement different modes of operation of the heating and / or cooling device.
- the heating and / or cooling device comprises a fluid distribution system with, for example, a lower distribution box 17 and an upper distribution box 21.
- a distribution system comprises, for example, a first motorized valve 15 and a second motorized valve 20.
- the interior of the lower distribution box 17 makes it possible to put in fluid communication the first and second fluid circulation volumes V1, V2.
- a dispensing system also comprises, for example, a fluidic collector 16 defined below.
- the interior of the upper distribution box 21 also makes it possible to put in fluid communication the first and second fluid circulation volumes V1, V2, as well as the fluidic collector 16, as a function of the state of the first and second valves 15, 20.
- the first fluid flow volume V1 extends over the entire height of the wall in the vertical direction Z so that its upper and lower ends respectively open in the upper and lower distribution boxes 21 and 21.
- the heating and / or cooling device also comprises at least one first fluidic element making it possible to collect heat transfer fluid from the external environment EX and / or reject heat transfer fluid to the external environment EX and at least a second fluidic element for withdrawing heat transfer fluid from the internal environment El and / or reject heat transfer fluid towards the interior environment El.
- the lower distribution box 17 may include an outer opening marked "OE” which communicates the interior of the lower distribution box 17 with the external environment EX.
- the lower distribution box 17 may include an inner opening marked “Ol” which communicates the interior of the lower distribution box 17 with the inner environment El.
- the upper distribution box 21 may also include such an inner opening and / or such an outer opening.
- the device can therefore comprise the openings chosen from the following: a high interior opening disposed at the upper distribution box 21,
- the first motorized valve 15 is for example arranged at the upper distribution box 21, and varies between:
- the second state of the first valve 15 can make it possible to put in fluid communication the first volume of fluid circulation V1 with a high external opening arranged at the level of the upper distribution box 21. It is a variant of the first mode of operation defined below, this variant being used especially during the day in summer periods.
- the second motorized valve 20 is for example arranged at the level of the upper distribution box 21. It varies between:
- first and second motorized valves 15, 20 could be arranged at the lower distribution box 17.
- the first and second fluid flow volumes V1, V2 are in fluid communication with the intermediate of the upper distribution box 21.
- the fluidic collector 16 is not in fluid communication with the first and second fluid flow volumes V1, V2 in this configuration of the first and second valves.
- the flow of heat transfer fluid circulating in the first volume V1 can then flow in the second volume V2 or vice versa, according to the direction of flow imposed on the heat transfer fluid by the circulation element 19.
- the fluidic distribution system controls, that is to say, regulates the circulation of the coolant withdrawn by the first and second fluidic elements OE, O1 through the solar thermal sensor 10 and / or through the heat sink element.
- storage 12 is configured to allow the fluidic communication of the first and second volumes of fluidic flows V1, V2 so that the flow of coolant fluid flowing in one of the first and second fluid flow volumes then flows into the other first and second fluid flow volumes.
- the fluid distribution system is configured to allow the fluidic communication of the first and second volumes of fluidic flows V1, V2 so as to allow flow flow successively in one then the other.
- the device is therefore advantageously configured to be able to circulate the flow in series in the solar thermal sensor 10 and in the storage element 12. This allows the device to be able selectively to perform a heating operation of the internal environment El and an operation for cooling the internal environment El.
- the first thermally insulating element 1 1 is opposed to heat transfer, depending on the thickness of the wall, therefore in the transverse direction Y, between the coolant present in the second fluid flow volume V2 and the solar thermal sensor 10.
- the heat transfer between the solar thermal sensor 10 and the thermal energy storage element 12 of the device object of the invention is practiced very simply and directly, or by circulating the same heat transfer fluid successively in the first fluid circulation volume V1 through the solar thermal collector 10 and then in the second fluid circulation volume V2 through the thermal energy storage element 12, or by circulating the same heat transfer fluid successively in the second fluid flow volume V2 through through the thermal energy storage element 12 s in the first fluid flow volume V1 through the solar thermal sensor 10.
- the first volume of fluid circulation V1 is in fluid communication with the fluidic manifold 16 via the upper distribution box 21.
- the second fluid circulation volume V2 is not in fluid communication with the first fluid circulation volume V1 and with the fluidic collector 16.
- the flow of heat transfer fluid that circulates in the first volume V1 can then flow in the collector fluidic 16 or vice versa, according to the direction of flow imposed on the coolant by the circulation element 19.
- the second fluidic circulation volume V2 is in fluid communication with the fluidic collector 16 via the control box. superior distribution 21.
- the first fluidic circulation volume is not in fluid communication with the second fluid circulation volume V2 and with the fluidic collector 16. The flow of heat transfer fluid that circulates in the second fluid circulation volume V2 can then flow through the fluidic collector 16 or vice versa, according to the direction of circulation imposed on the heat transfer fluid by the circulation element 19.
- heat energy 12 and the internal environment El are practiced in a simple and direct manner, either by circulating the same coolant successively in the second fluid circulation volume V2 through the thermal energy storage element 12 and then in the fluidic collector 16, or by circulating the same heat transfer fluid successively in the fluidic collector 16 and then in the second fluid circulation volume V2 through the thermal energy storage element 12.
- the first and second fluid flow volumes V1, V2 and the fluidic collector 16 are all in fluid communication with the intermediate of the upper distribution box 21.
- the organization described above allows heat transfer fluid taken from the inner environment E1 at the inner opening 01 and / or from the external environment EX at the outer opening OE to pass from the lower distribution box. 17 to the upper distribution box 21 by circulating through at least one circulation element selected from the first fluid flow volume V1, the second fluid flow volume V2 or the fluidic manifold 16. Then, the heat transfer fluid can be discharged to the indoor environment El or to the external environment EX provided that the upper distribution box 21 comprises internal and / or external openings.
- the coolant can then advantageously pass from the upper distribution box 21 to the lower distribution box 17 by circulating through at least one circulation element chosen from the first fluid circulation volume V1, the second fluid circulation volume V2 or the fluidic collector 16, before being discharged to the inner environment E1 or to the external environment EX at the inner openings O1 and / or O1 outside the box of lower distribution 17.
- the circulation element allowing the passage of the heat transfer fluid from the lower distribution box 17 to the upper distribution box 21 is different from the circulation element which ensures the passage of the heat transfer fluid from the upper distribution box 21 to the lower distribution box 17.
- the choice of the circulation element in one direction and the other is obtained by a suitable control of the valves of the distribution system, including the first and second motorized valves 15, 20. This piloting performed by a control unit detailed further allows to select the operating mode in which it is desired to place the heating and / or cooling device among a predetermined set of possible modes of operation, as detailed below.
- An inverted organization can be provided by reversing the role played by the lower 17 and upper distribution boxes 21.
- the coolant intended to circulate in the first and second fluid flow volumes V1, V2 may be a gas, especially air in the case of a building for professional or residential purposes, in the manner of a wall Dome or wall sensor.
- the coolant intended to circulate in the first and second fluid flow volumes V1, V2 could alternatively be a liquid such as water, in the manner of a solar heating device for example.
- the wall-forming stack may comprise a second thermally insulating element 13, arranged between the thermal energy storage element 12 and the interior environment E 1, so as to thermally isolate the thermal energy storage element 12 and the coolant present in the second fluid flow volume V2 with respect to the internal environment El.
- the thermal energy storage element 12 is then sandwiched according to the direction of stacking of the wall, ie in the transverse direction Y, between the first and second thermally insulating elements 11, 13.
- the second thermally insulating element 13 is in particular in the form of a layer or a panel of thermally insulating material, like the first thermally insulating element 11.
- the second thermally insulating element 13 is for example generally parallelepipedal and plane in a plane defined by the longitudinal X and vertical Z directions, and its thickness is counted in the transverse direction Y.
- the second thermally insulating element 13 comprises external faces 13a and internal 13b opposite in the direction of stacking, ie in the direction Y, and respectively facing the storage element 12 and to the inner environment El.
- the external face 13a of the second thermally insulating element 13 is in contact with the storage element 12 at the internal face 12b of the storage element 12.
- the thermal inertia of the thermal energy storage element 12 is much greater than the thermal inertia of the first and second thermally insulating elements 11, 13.
- thermal inertia can be characterized by several quantities such as thermal effusivity, thermal diffusivity or its thermal capacity and a phase shift which characterizes a time of return to equilibrium.
- the thermal energy storage element 12 advantageously has a high thermal inertia of thermal capacitance volume, for example greater than 1000 kJ-m "3 - K " 1 and a phase advantageously between for example between 6 hours and 12 hours.
- the wall may in particular be formed by the stack in the direction Y respectively comprising, going from the external environment EX to the inner environment E1, the following elements:
- the partition 14 transparent to at least a portion of the sun's radiation coming from the external environment EX,
- the first thermally insulating element 11 in particular in the form of a panel or a layer formed of particles or of a coherent layer, with the interposition of an interval D with respect to the transparent partition 14 so as to form the solar thermal sensor 10 and to delimit the first fluid flow volume V1, especially in the form of an air gap,
- the storage element 12 in particular formed by a one-piece block of thermal energy storage material and delimiting the second fluid flow volume V2,
- the first and second thermally insulating elements 11, 13 are formed from identical or different materials as required. It is preferably of high performance materials in terms of thermal insulation, for example vacuum insulating type.
- the material for each of the first and second thermally insulating elements 1 1, 13 may for example have a thickness of 35 mm, a lambda coefficient of thermal insulation of the order of 0.007 W / mK and a coefficient of thermal resistance R of l order of 5 KW "1 .
- the device may comprise third and fourth thermally insulating elements not shown arranged on either side of the thermal energy storage element 12 in the longitudinal direction X and ensuring that the vertical faces of the thermal energy storage element 12 according to its thickness, and therefore along Y, are also thermally insulated, in the same manner as its internal and external faces 12a, 12b thanks to the thermally insulating elements 1 1, 13.
- the thermal energy storage element 12 which open respectively into the boxes of di upper stribution 21 and lower 17 are not thermally insulated. On the contrary, they are unobstructed, in order to allow the fluidic circulation in the second volume V2 delimited by the element storage 12 and in the upper and lower distribution boxes 21 and 17.
- the first fluid circulation volume V1 ensures the circulation of the first flow of coolant globally in at least a first plane P1 oriented in the X and Z directions and perpendicular to the stacking direction, that is to say perpendicular in the direction Y.
- the second fluid circulation volume V2 preferably ensures the circulation of the second flow of coolant globally in at least a second plane P2 oriented in the X and Z directions and perpendicular to the stacking direction, the first and second planes P1, P2 being disposed on either side of the first thermally insulating element 1 1 in the stacking direction.
- the thermal energy storage element 12 comprises solid elements formed in a thermal energy storage material impermeable to the coolant circulating in the second fluid flow volume V2 and these solid elements delimit between them the second volume of fluid circulation V2.
- the second fluid flow volume V2 may in particular comprise a plurality of tubular passages 18, in particular parallel to each other and all oriented vertically along Z, delimited by the solid elements and opening each at its two ends at the of the thickness of the storage element 12. More specifically, the upper end of each tubular passage 18 opens into the upper distribution box 21 while the lower end of each tubular passage 18 opens into the lower distribution box 17. The combination of all these tubular passages 18 has the effect of constituting the second volume of fluid circulation V2 as defined previously.
- passages 18, or channels may have a cross-section, in a plane (X, Y), having a circular or rectangular shape and they may be distributed inside the thermal energy storage element 12 with a regular layout or a non-uniform and optimized layout obtained following an optimization study, in the plane (X, Y).
- the diameter of the tubular passages 18 will in particular be evaluated, in this case, by means of this optimization study, in order to guarantee the best exchange between the coolant flowing in the second volume V2 and the solid elements of the storage element 12 which delimit the tubular passages 18, with the least possible loss of load suffered by the second flow.
- the section of each passage 18 is a circle having a diameter of about 3 cm.
- the heating and / or cooling device also comprises the circulation element 19 mentioned above, configured so as to selectively realize:
- the circulation element 19 is for example arranged at the level of the upper distribution box 21.
- the nature of the circulation element 19 depends directly on the nature of the coolant circulating in the first and second fluid flow volumes V, V2.
- This is a fan-type element in the case of aeration circulation where the fluid is a gas, especially air. It may be a crossflow type fan or "Crossflow" in English terminology.
- It could be a liquid circulation element in the case of a coolant circulating in volumes V1 and V2 of liquid nature such as water.
- the circulation element 19 could be arranged at any other location of the device, for example at the level of the lower distribution box 17.
- the heating and / or cooling device comprises a fluidic collector 16, in particular delimited at least in part by the thermal energy storage element 12, into which the first and second fluid circulation volumes V 1 open, V2. It has the effect of multiplying advantageously the number of possible modes of operation of the device.
- the first flow of heat transfer fluid having circulated through the solar thermal sensor 10 can circulate in the fluidic collector 16 before being discharged into the internal environment E1 or external EX.
- the second flow of heat transfer fluid having circulated through the thermal energy storage element 12 can also flow in the fluid manifold 16 before being discharged into the indoor environment E1 or external EX.
- the fluidic collector 16 is for example delimited by a channel formed in the storage element 12 in its inner face 12b, preferably centrally in the longitudinal direction X. Preferably, this channel extends over the entire height of the storage element 12 in the vertical direction Z so that its upper and lower ends respectively open in the upper and lower distribution boxes 21 and 17.
- the fluidic collector 16 is also delimited in part by the outer face 13a of the second thermally insulating element 13 .
- the dispensing system thus controls, that is to say regulates, the circulation of the coolant collected by the first and second fluidic elements, that is to say here by said at least one inner opening 01 and by said minus an outside opening OE, through the solar thermal sensor 10 and / or through the thermal energy storage element 12.
- the device comprises a control unit (not shown) controlling the distribution system by selectively selecting from a predetermined set modes of operation of the heating and / or cooling device, this set being detailed below.
- the control unit controls the first motorized valve 15 in order to place it selectively in the first state or in the second state and at the same time it controls the second motorized valve 20 in order to place it selectively in the first state, in the second state or in the third state.
- the combination of these two valve controls allows the selective selection of the operating mode in which the heating and / or cooling device is placed. It follows from the foregoing that the operation of the heating and / or cooling device for a building generally comprises:
- This driving step is performed so as to operate the heating and / or cooling device in an operating mode selected from said predetermined set of operating modes of the heating and / or cooling device.
- the dispensing system is configured so that said predetermined set of operating modes comprises: a first mode in which the heat transfer fluid taken from the external environment EX or from the internal environment E1 flows through the solar thermal sensor 10 only before being discharged into the EX outdoor environment or into the El indoor environment,
- the storage element 12 serves to store heat captured by the solar thermal sensor 10 during winter periods when the device operates so as to achieve heating of the internal environment El and there is sufficient Solar gains solar heat sensor 10. This then makes it possible to restore the stored heat when the indoor environment El will drop in temperature.
- the storage element 12 serves to store the coolness sensed by the solar thermal sensor 10, especially a night cool, during the summer periods, when the device operates so as to provide a cooling of the internal environment El. This then restores the stored cool when the indoor environment El will rise in temperature.
- Figures 4 and 5 illustrate the operation of the device when operating in a first variant of the first mode of operation.
- the coolant is removed (arrow F1) from the external environment EX through the outer opening OE before traveling through the solar thermal sensor 10 only (arrow F2), it is that is to say without circulating in the storage element 12. It is then rejected (arrow F4) in the internal environment El.
- the first motorized valve 15 is in the first state and the second motorized valve 20 is in the second state. so that the coolant having previously circulated through the solar thermal sensor 10 in the first volume V1 circulates in the upper distribution box 21 before flowing in the fluidic collector 16 (arrow F3) to reach the lower distribution box 17, from where it is evacuated (arrow F4) to the inner environment El through the inner opening Ol.
- This variant of the first mode of operation is also notably applied during the summer phases, for the cooling of the internal environment El.
- the freshness picked up by the solar thermal sensor 10, especially during the nocturnal periods, is transmitted to the coolant, which is then rejected in the inner environment El.
- Figures 6 and 7 illustrate the operation of the device when operating in a second variant of the first mode of operation.
- the heat transfer fluid is taken (arrow F5) from the inner environment E1 through the inner opening O1 before circulating through the solar thermal sensor 10 only (arrow F7), c ' that is to say without circulating in the storage element 12, before being rejected (arrow F8) in the external environment EX.
- the first motorized valve 15 is in the first state and the second motorized valve 20 is in the second state so that the heat transfer fluid having previously circulated (arrow F6) through the fluidic collector 16 circulates in the upper distribution box 21 before move (arrow F7) in the solar thermal sensor 10 in the first volume V1 to reach the lower distribution box 17, where it is discharged (arrow F8) to the outside environment EX through the outer opening OE.
- This variant of the first mode of operation is also notably applied during the summer phases, for the cooling of the internal environment El.
- the air is taken from the internal environment E1 in the manner of a thermosiphon, thanks to the heating of the fluid. heat transfer made in the solar thermal sensor 10, before being subsequently discharged into the external environment EX.
- This fluid flow from the internal environment E1 to the external environment EX allows a cooling of the internal environment E1.
- the heat input into the delimited air space between the partition wall 14 and the first thermally insulating element 1 1 serves as a thermosiphon forcing the hot air evacuations of the internal environment El at the outer opening OE towards the external environment EX.
- the discharge of the fluid to the external environment EX is at a high outer opening.
- a third variant of the first mode of operation comprises:
- This variant is used in particular to perform a daytime cooling in the summer to prevent overheating in the air gap of the solar thermal sensor 10.
- a first variant provides that the coolant taken from the external environment EX circulates at the same time through the solar thermal sensor 10 and through the storage element 12, before to be rejected in the internal environment El.
- the distribution system is configured so as to perform a simultaneous and parallel circulation of the fluid taken through the solar thermal sensor 10 and through the storage element 12: a fraction of the fluid taken from the external environment EX flows through the solar thermal collector 10 to pass from the lower distribution box 17 to the upper distribution box 21 while the remaining fraction of the fluid taken from the external environment EX circulates through the storage element 12 to pass from the lower distribution box 17 to the b Upper distribution site 21.
- FIGS 8 and 9 illustrate the operation of the device when operating in a second variant of the second mode of operation.
- the dispensing system is configured so that the coolant removed (arrow F9) from the external environment EX circulates successively through the solar thermal sensor 10 and then through the storage element 12, before being rejected (arrow F13 ) in the indoor environment El.
- the coolant is removed (arrow F9) from the external environment EX at the lower distribution box 17 through the outer opening OE before traveling only through the solar thermal sensor 10 (arrow F10) to go from the lower distribution box 17 to the upper distribution box 21.
- the fluid opens and circulates (arrow F1 1) in the upper distribution box 21 before moving (arrow F12) only through the storage element 12 to pass from the distribution box upper 21 to the lower distribution box 17.
- the heat transfer fluid having emerged in the lower distribution box 17 is then rejected (arrow F13) to the inner environment El.
- the first motorized valve 15 is in the first state and the second valve motor 20 is in the first state so that the heat transfer fluid having previously circulated through the solar thermal sensor 10 in the first volume V1 flows (arrow F1 1) in the upper distribution box 21 before circulating in the storage element 12 (arrow F12) to join the lower distribution box 17, from where it is evacuated (arrow F13) to the interior environment E l through the inner opening Ol.
- the fluid having previously circulated through the solar thermal sensor 10 and through the thermal storage element 12 can then be provided to circulate through the fluid manifold 16 before being discharged to the inner environment E1 at a high inner opening provided at the upper distribution box 21 .
- the second variant of the second mode of operation is in particular applied during the winter phases, for the heating of the internal environment E1, when the energy picked up by the solar thermal sensor 10 is greater than the energy requirements to achieve the heating of the El indoor environment.
- the heat captured by the solar thermal sensor 10 under the effect of solar radiation is transmitted to the heat transfer fluid, which then circulates in the storage element 12 in order to store a portion of the energy captured, before to be discharged into the internal environment E1 to heat the internal environment E1.
- the coolant transmits thermal energy to the storage element 12.
- the operation is identical when it is to capture freshness via the solar thermal sensor 10, to store freshness in the storage element 12 and raf to wreak havoc on the inner environment El.
- FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate the operation of the device when it operates in a variant of the third mode of operation in which the heat transfer fluid taken from the outside environment EX flows through the storage element 12 only, without circulating to through the solar thermal sensor 10, before being rejected the interior environment El.
- the heat transfer fluid is taken (arrow F14) from the outside environment EX at the lower distribution box 17 through the outer opening OE before traveling (arrow F15) only through the storage element 12 to pass from the lower distribution box 17 to the upper distribution box 21.
- the fluid opens and circulates (arrow F16) in the upper distribution box 21 before moving (arrow F17) through the fluidic collector 16 to pass from the upper distribution box 21 to the lower distribution box 17.
- the heat transfer fluid having opened in the lower distribution box 17 is then rejected (arrow F18) to the inner environment El.
- the first motorized valve 15 is in the second state and the second motorized valve 20 is in the third state so that the coolant having previously circulated through the storage element 12 in the second volume V2 flows (arrow F16) in the upper distribution box 21 before moving into the collector 16 (arrow F17) so to reach the lower distribution box 17, from where it is evacuated (arrow F18) towards the interior environment El through the int Ol.
- An inverted implementation of the third mode of operation can be envisaged, with a fluid circulation in the opposite direction, in which the coolant taken from the internal environment E1 flows through the collector 16 before reaching the upper distribution box 21. Then, the fluid circulates only through the storage element 12, without circulating through the solar thermal sensor 10, to pass from the upper distribution box 21 to the box of lower distribution 17, before being released into the external environment EX.
- the illustrated variant of the third mode of operation is in particular applied during the winter phases, for the heating of the internal environment El, in order to preheat the air blown into the indoor environment when the solar gains at the solar thermal collector 1 0 are insufficient.
- the heat transfer fluid takes thermal energy from the storage element 1 2.
- Identical operation can be provided when it comes to storing coolness in the element storage 1 2 and to cool the indoor environment El.
- the summer period when it is conventional to cool the indoor environment El, it is possible to store cool when it is cold outside, for example during the summer. night. This stored freshness can then be restored when the temperature of the inner environment El will tend to increase.
- Figures 12 and 13 illustrate the operation of the device when operating in an example of a fourth mode of operation.
- the coolant circulates (arrow F1 9) only through the solar thermal sensor 1 0 to pass from the lower distribution box 1 7 to the upper distribution box 21.
- the fluid opens and circulates (arrow F20) in the upper distribution box 21 before moving (arrow F21) only through the storage element 12 to pass from the distribution box upper 21 to the lower distribution box 1 7.
- the heat transfer fluid having opened in the lower distribution box 1 7 opens and circulates (arrow F22) again in the lower distribution box 17, before returning to the solar thermal sensor 1 0.
- the first motorized valve 15 is in the first state and the second motorized valve 20 is in the first state so that the coolant having previously circulated through the solar thermal sensor 10 in the first volume V1 circulates (arrow F20) in the box upper distribution 21 before moving through the storage element 12 (arrow F21) in the second volume V2 to reach the lower distribution box 17, from where it is again led to the solar thermal sensor 10.
- the fourth mode of operation consists in taking heat transfer fluid from the external environment EX or from the internal environment E1, and in providing a loop circulation (arrows F19 to F22) of the coolant withdrawn through the storage element 12 and through the solar thermal collector 10.
- the lower distribution box 17 may be equipped with means (not shown) ensuring that the heat transfer fluid being circulated through the loop element storage 12 and through the solar thermal sensor 10 is not in fluid communication with the external environment EX and with the inner environment El, so as to be confined within the volumes V1 and V2 during the loop circulation.
- An inverted implementation of the fourth mode of operation can be envisaged, with a fluid flow in the opposite direction, in which the heat transfer fluid circulates only through the storage element 12 to pass from the lower distribution box 17 to the control box. superior distribution 21. Then, the fluid circulates only through the solar thermal sensor 10 to pass from the distribution box upper 21 to the lower distribution box 17, before returning to the storage element 1 2.
- the fourth mode of operation is in particular applied when a very rapid temperature rise of the storage element 12 is necessary in the case where the solar thermal sensor 10 is in its operating configuration in which it constitutes a solar thermal sensor. . It is also preferably applied when a very rapid decrease in temperature of the storage element 12 is necessary in the case where the solar thermal sensor 10 is in its operating configuration in which it captures freshness from the environment EX exterior.
- the dispensing system is preferably configured so that in the fourth mode, heat transfer fluid is taken from the external environment EX and is rejected in the internal environment E1, in particular without circulating or through the solar thermal sensor 1 0 ni through the storage element 1 2. This is what the arrow F23 represents. This allows for example to ensure a renewal of the air in the inner environment El during the rapid rise or rapid decrease of the temperature of the storage element 1 2.
- the fluid distribution system is configured such that said predetermined set of operating modes comprises a fifth mode of operation in which heat transfer fluid taken from the external environment EX flows through only one of the first and second volumes of fluidic circulation. V1, V2, then through the other only first and second volumes of fluidic circulation V1, V2, before being rejected in the external environment EX.
- Figures 14 and 15 illustrate the operation of the device when operating in a first example of the fifth mode of operation.
- Heat transfer fluid removed (arrow F24) from the outside environment EX circulates (arrow F25) only through the storage element 1 2 to pass from the lower distribution box 1 7 to the upper distribution box 21. After having circulated in the storage element 1 2, the fluid opens and circulates (arrow F26) in the upper distribution box 21.
- the circulating heat transfer fluid (arrow F25) through the storage element 1 2 circulates (arrow F27) through the solar thermal sensor 1 0 before being rejected (arrow F28) in the external environment EX.
- the fluid opens and circulates (arrow F26) in the upper distribution box 21 before moving (arrow F27) only to through the solar thermal sensor 10 to pass from the upper distribution box 21 to the lower distribution box 1 7.
- the heat transfer fluid having emerged in the lower distribution box 1 7 is rejected (arrow F28) to the external environment EX.
- the first motorized valve 1 5 is in the first state and the second motorized valve 20 is in the first state so that the coolant having previously circulated through the storage element 1 2 in the second volume V2 circulates (arrow F26) in the upper distribution box 21 before moving (arrow F27) through the solar thermal sensor 1 0 in the first volume V1 to reach the lower distribution box 1 7, where it is rejected (arrow F28) to the EX outdoor environment.
- An inverted implementation of the fifth mode of operation can be envisaged, with a fluid circulation in the opposite direction, in which the coolant circulates only through the solar thermal sensor 10 to pass from the lower distribution box 17 to the distribution box superior 21.
- FIGS. 16 and 17 illustrate the operation of the device when it operates in a second example of the fifth mode of operation in which heat transfer fluid taken (F30) from the outside environment EX circulates (F31) only through the solar thermal sensor 10, then only through the storage element 12, before being rejected (F34) in the external environment EX.
- the fluid after having circulated (arrow F31) only in the solar thermal sensor 10, the fluid opens and circulates (arrow F32) in the upper distribution box 21 before moving (arrow F33). only through the storage element 12 to pass from the upper distribution box 21 to the lower distribution box 17.
- the heat transfer fluid having emerged in the lower distribution box 17 is rejected (arrow F34) to the external environment EX .
- the first motorized valve 15 and the second motorized valve 20 are in their first state so that the coolant previously circulated (arrow F31) through the solar thermal sensor 10 in the first volume V1 flows (arrow F32) in the box.
- the fifth mode of operation can be applied in summer periods, when it is necessary to achieve a reduction in the amount of thermal energy stored in the storage element 12.
- the distribution system is preferably configured so that in the fifth mode, heat transfer fluid is taken (arrow F24, F30) from the external environment EX and is rejected in the indoor environment El, in particular without circulating either through the solar thermal sensor 10 nor through the storage element 12 This is what arrows F29 and F35 represent. This makes it possible, for example, to ensure a renewal of the air in the internal environment El during the destocking of thermal energy of the storage element 12.
- the strategy for controlling the fluid distribution within the device and the strategy for selecting the operating mode to be implemented from among the predetermined set of operating modes are defined according to physical parameters.
- the device may include any means of acquisition or determination of these physical parameters, these means being capable of providing the result of the acquisition or determination to the control unit.
- such physical parameters may comprise the actual temperature of the fluid of the internal environment E1, the desired or desired temperature of the fluid of the internal environment E1, the actual and / or anticipated temperature of the fluid.
- the external environment EX the temperature of the storage element 12, the capacity for the solar thermal sensor 10 to be heated and / or to cool the first stream of heat transfer fluid, in particular according to the properties of the solar radiation, the time within the day, the period within the year (summer, winter, spring, autumn) etc.
- the invention also relates to a data storage medium readable by a computer, on which is recorded a computer program comprising code means computer program implementation of the method. It also relates to a computer program comprising a computer program code means adapted to the realization of such a method when the program is executed by a computer.
- the solution described above has the advantage of a great compactness in addition to its heating efficiency and / or cooling. It allows a storage of thermal energy and a significant phase shift. It makes it possible to dispense with the need for sun protection systems (such as blinds for example) outside the wall, because the storage element 12 is advantageously thermally insulated by virtue of the elements 1 1, 13. the additional advantage of being able to implement a looping between the solar thermal sensor 10 and the storage element 12, in order to quickly store the heat or freshness. Finally, it minimizes the heat losses between the indoor and outdoor environments El and EX.
- the phase shift is a function of the thickness of the thermally insulating elements 11, 13, the volume of the storage element 12 and the surface of the outer face 12b of the storage element 12 facing the external environment EX.
- the insulation of the solar thermal sensor 10 with respect to the storage element 12 thanks to the thermally insulating element 11 makes it possible to use a transparent partition 14 constituted by a single glazing while limiting the losses towards the external environment EX,
- the device can be structural and replace a facade of the building
- the proximity of the storage element 12 and the solar thermal sensor 10 makes it possible to produce useful air flow circuits with a minimum of heat losses
- the device described above does not require external protection of the solar thermal sensor 10 in summer periods.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1354023A FR3005145B1 (fr) | 2013-04-30 | 2013-04-30 | Dispositif de chauffage et/ou de rafraichissement a paroi ayant un capteur thermique solaire et un element de stockage d'energie thermique |
| PCT/EP2014/058505 WO2014177474A1 (fr) | 2013-04-30 | 2014-04-25 | Dispositif de chauffage et/ou de rafraichissement a paroi ayant un capteur thermique solaire et un element de stockage d'energie thermique |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2992271A1 true EP2992271A1 (fr) | 2016-03-09 |
Family
ID=48782461
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14719754.5A Withdrawn EP2992271A1 (fr) | 2013-04-30 | 2014-04-25 | Dispositif de chauffage et/ou de rafraichissement a paroi ayant un capteur thermique solaire et un element de stockage d'energie thermique |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2992271A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3005145B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2014177474A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105157096B (zh) * | 2015-10-13 | 2018-01-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学建筑设计研究院 | 一种应用于火墙的金属波纹伸缩节式相变蓄热装置 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19800560C1 (de) * | 1998-01-09 | 1999-04-15 | Thomas Schwertmann | Solarflachkollektor zur Erhitzung von Luft oder anderen gasförmigen Fluiden |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4213448A (en) * | 1978-08-24 | 1980-07-22 | Hebert Raymond T | Thermosiphon solar space heating system with phase change materials |
| US4250871A (en) * | 1978-12-18 | 1981-02-17 | Thomas W. O'Rourke | Unitary structure and method for utilizing solar energy |
| US6532952B1 (en) * | 2000-08-21 | 2003-03-18 | William Kreamer | Heating and cooling solar system control module |
| CA2433925C (fr) * | 2003-07-22 | 2011-06-14 | Alberta Research Council Inc. | Capteur solaire mural integre avec capacite de stockage thermique |
| ES2471218T3 (es) * | 2009-12-29 | 2014-06-25 | Fundaci�N Tecnalia Research & Innovation | Módulo colector solar pasivo para envolventes de edificación |
| DE102010054394A1 (de) * | 2010-12-07 | 2012-06-14 | Enersearch Gmbh | Solarfassadenelement, Solarfassadensystem |
-
2013
- 2013-04-30 FR FR1354023A patent/FR3005145B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-04-25 EP EP14719754.5A patent/EP2992271A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-04-25 WO PCT/EP2014/058505 patent/WO2014177474A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19800560C1 (de) * | 1998-01-09 | 1999-04-15 | Thomas Schwertmann | Solarflachkollektor zur Erhitzung von Luft oder anderen gasförmigen Fluiden |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3005145B1 (fr) | 2016-10-07 |
| FR3005145A1 (fr) | 2014-10-31 |
| WO2014177474A1 (fr) | 2014-11-06 |
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