EP2984746A1 - Convertisseur de tension et procédé de conversion de tension - Google Patents
Convertisseur de tension et procédé de conversion de tensionInfo
- Publication number
- EP2984746A1 EP2984746A1 EP14726674.6A EP14726674A EP2984746A1 EP 2984746 A1 EP2984746 A1 EP 2984746A1 EP 14726674 A EP14726674 A EP 14726674A EP 2984746 A1 EP2984746 A1 EP 2984746A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coils
- coil
- voltage converter
- voltage
- terminal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
- H01F3/10—Composite arrangements of magnetic circuits
- H01F3/14—Constrictions; Gaps, e.g. air-gaps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1584—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1584—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
- H02M3/1586—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a voltage converter and a voltage conversion method.
- a system of coupled coils comprising at least three coils each having two terminals, and a magnetic coupling core of the coils, and
- a switching system intended, for each coil, to alternatively cause a storage of energy in the coil by the reception by a terminal of the coil of a current coming from the input terminal, and a restitution, at the output terminal, stored energy.
- the magnetic core comprises two parallel plates interconnected by transverse spacers around which the coils are wound.
- a voltage converter comprising:
- a system of coupled coils comprising: + at least three coils each have two terminals,
- a switching system intended, for each coil, to alternatively cause a storage of energy in the coil by the reception by a terminal of the coil of a current coming from the input terminal, and a restitution, at the output terminal, stored energy
- the magnetic core comprises at least one closed magnetic flux-guiding loop, around which the coils are successively wound, the coils (118J being such that the currents coming from the input terminal travel through the coils in direction of rotation around the closed loop alternating from one coil to the next.
- closed loop is meant a magnetic flux loop, namely a magnetic flux line which loops back without going twice through the same arm of the magnetic circuit.
- a closed loop corresponds to a closed mesh of an electric circuit. It is understood that the closed loop passes through all the coils.
- the coils are coaxial.
- the core comprises a plurality of magnetic core elements each provided with an arm on which is wound one of the coils, these elements being stacked so that these arms are on the same line.
- the winding directions alternate from one coil to the next.
- winding directions are all the same.
- each closed loop comprises: a central bar around which the coils are wound; - a sidebar bypassing the coils; and end bars also bypassing the coils and respectively connecting the ends of the central bar to the ends of the side bar.
- Central bar means a central element may include one or more air gaps.
- the central bar is common to all closed loops.
- the magnetic core further comprises, for each closed loop, transverse bars connecting the central bar to the side bar and separating the coils from each other.
- each closed loop has a reluctance at least ten times greater than the reluctance of the cross bars.
- the central bar is provided with at least one gap.
- the crossbars have a smaller section than the section of the central bar.
- the voltage converter is intended to provide a higher output voltage than the input voltage.
- the voltage converter comprises an even number of coils, and, the coils being arranged in their succession along each closed loop from a first coil to a last coil, the switching system is intended to make alternating a first phase in which the odd-rank coils store energy, while the even-rank coils provide energy, and a second phase in which the odd-rank coils provide energy, while even-rank coils store energy.
- obtaining a voltage converter comprising:
- a magnetic coil coupling core comprising at least one closed magnetic flux-guiding loop around which the coils are successively wound
- FIG. 1 is a simplified view from above of a voltage converter embodying the invention
- FIG. 2 is a simplified view from above of a magnetic core of the voltage converter of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a view from above of an element serving to form the magnetic core of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating the steps of a voltage conversion method implemented by the voltage converter of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 5 is a view similar to that of FIG. 2, illustrating magnetic fluxes in the magnetic core.
- FIG. 6 is a set of two graphs illustrating the evolution of the current flowing through the coils of the voltage converter of FIG. 1.
- the voltage converter 100 is a voltage booster (called “boost converter” or “step-up converter”), intended to receive a DC input voltage V in and to provide a DC output voltage V out greater than the DC input voltage V in .
- boost converter voltage booster
- step-up converter step-up converter
- the voltage converter 100 first comprises a system 102 of coupled coils.
- the system 102 firstly comprises a magnetic core 104.
- the magnetic core 104 is made of ferromagnetic material.
- the magnetic core 104 firstly comprises a central bar 108.
- the term "bar” includes all the generally elongated elements, for example a rod or even a plate.
- the central bar 108 is rectilinear and of rectangular section.
- the magnetic core 104 further comprises first and second lateral bars 110, 112, located on two sides of the central bar 108.
- first and second lateral bars 110, 112 are rectilinear and also of rectangular section, and extend parallel to the central bar 108.
- the magnetic core 104 further includes first and second end bars 114, 116.
- the first end bar 114 connects one end of the central bar 108 with the ends of the side bars 110, 112 on the same side, while the second end bar 116 connects the other end of the central bar 108 with the other ends of the side bars 110, 112, located on the other side.
- the first and second end bars 114, 116 rectilinear and also of rectangular section, and extend perpendicularly to the central bar 108.
- the magnetic core 104 further comprises N1 (N being greater than or equal to three, and preferably even - in the example described, N is equal to four) pairs of transverse bars 120 m , 122 m (m varying from 1 to Nl ).
- the transverse bars 120 m , 122 m of each pair together connect the central bar 108 with respectively the first side bar 110 and the second side bar 112.
- the cross bars 120 m , 122 m are rectilinear and sectional rectangular, which extend perpendicular to the central bar 108.
- the system 102 further comprises N coils 118 n (N being greater than or equal to three, and n varying from 1 to N) successively wound around the central bar 108 and bypassed by the first and second end bars 114, 116 and the first and second lateral bars 110, 112.
- each coil 118 n has two terminals defined by the winding direction of the coil: a winding start terminal and a winding end terminal. .
- the winding directions of the coils 118 n alternate from one coil to the next in their succession.
- the central bar 108, the first and second end bars 114, 116 and the first and second side bars 110, 112 define two closed loops passing through all the coils 118 n and intended to guide the magnetic flux.
- a closed loop is a path defined by the magnetic core 104 which returns to its starting point without passing twice in the same section of the magnetic core 104.
- transverse bars 120 m , 122 m are interposed between the coils 118 n , so that each coil 118 n is separated from the next along the central bar 108 by a pair of cross bars 120 m , 122 m .
- the transverse bars 120 m , 122 m define magnetic flux leakage paths between the coils 118 n .
- the voltage converter 100 further comprises a ground terminal 124 connected to an electrical ground 126 and an input terminal 128 for presenting an input voltage V in with respect to the electrical ground 126.
- the voltage converter 100 further comprises an electrical source 130 connected to the terminals 124, 128 for applying the input voltage V in to the input terminal 128 with respect to the ground terminal 124.
- the electrical source 130 is a DC voltage source.
- the input terminal 128 is further connected to a first terminal of each coil 118 n .
- the input terminal 128 is connected to the winding start terminals of the coils 118 n .
- the voltage converter 100 further comprises an output capacitor 132 having a first terminal 134 connected to the electrical ground 126 and a second terminal 136, called an output terminal, for presenting the output voltage V out with respect to the first terminal. 134.
- the voltage converter 100 further comprises a switching system 138 intended, for each coil 8 n , to alternatively cause, on the one hand, a storage of energy in the coil 118 n by the reception by the terminal of the coil 118 n connected to the input terminal 128 of a current from the input terminal 128, and, secondly, a supply of energy stored in the coil 118 n by supplying a current to the output terminal 136.
- a switching system 138 intended, for each coil 8 n , to alternatively cause, on the one hand, a storage of energy in the coil 118 n by the reception by the terminal of the coil 118 n connected to the input terminal 128 of a current from the input terminal 128, and, secondly, a supply of energy stored in the coil 118 n by supplying a current to the output terminal 136.
- the switching system 138 comprises first, for each coil 8 n , a first controlled switch 140 n connecting the terminal of the coil 118 n not connected to the input terminal 128, to the terminal output 136.
- the switching system 138 further comprises, for each coil 8 n , a second controlled switch 142 n connecting the terminal of the coil 118 n not connected to the input terminal 128, to the electrical ground 126.
- the switching system 138 further comprises a device 144 for controlling the switches 140 n , 142 n .
- the control device 144 is intended, for each coil 8 n , to alternately open the first controlled switch 140 n and close the second 142 n , then open the second controlled switch 142 n and close the first 140 n .
- the coil 118 n supplies power to the output capacitor 132, and in the second configuration, the coil 118 n stores energy from the voltage source 144.
- the closed loops are represented by dashed lines and carry respectively the references 202 and 204.
- each transverse bar 120 m , 122 m has a reluctance value r between the central bar 108 and respectively the first and second lateral bars 110, 112.
- the two closed loops 202, 204 have the same reluctance value R.
- the reluctance value R is at least ten times higher than the reluctance value r.
- this is first obtained by providing a section of the transverse bars 120 m , 22 m smaller than the section of the central bar 108, the end bars 114, 116 and the lateral bars 110, 112
- the central bar 108 is provided with air gaps 206, that is to say cuts of material preferably less than one centimeter in size.
- the 120 m , 122 m cross bars have a smaller reluctance r than the other elements of the magnetic core 104, these 120 m , 122 m cross bars saturate magnetically for lower magnetic flux values than the closed loops 202, 204.
- the element 300 is E-shaped and has a base 302 and three parallel arms 304, 306, 308 extending from the base 302.
- the central arm 306 may be a little shorter than the other two surrounding it.
- Several elements such as the element 300 are stacked to form the magnetic core 104: the base 302 of each element forms either the end bar 116 or a section of the central bar 108 and a pair of transverse bars, the central arm 306 form a section of the central bar 108, and the other arms 304, 308 form sections of the side bars 110, 112.
- the arms 304, 308 are intended to come into contact with either the base 302 of the element 300 following the of the end bar 114.
- an air gap is formed in the stack between the central arm 306 and either the base 302 of the next element or the end bar 114.
- the control device 144 controls the switches 140 n , 142 n in the energy storage configuration (switches 140 n open, switches 142 n closed).
- each coil 118 n therefore receive current from the electrical source 130 in an increasing manner, and a corresponding magnetic flux appears in the magnetic core 104.
- each coil 118 n creates, in each section magnetic core 104, a magnetic flux.
- each section of the magnetic core 104 is traversed by four magnetic fluxes, one for each coil 118 n .
- the magnetic fluxes are alternately in one direction of rotation and in the other.
- the lateral bars 110, 112 and the end bars 116, 114 the magnetic fluxes compensate at least in part (see for example the zone Z of the lateral bar 112 in FIG. 5). , so that the resulting field remains weak.
- the magnetic flux generated by each of the coils can be distributed in various magnetic loops and pass through a variable number of the other coils.
- the system 102 has a low apparent inductance. As the magnetic flux resultant remains weak, it is possible to use a weak section for the bars 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, which reduces the size of the system 102.
- the compensating phenomenon is less marked in the transverse bars 120 m , 122 m because, in these places, the magnetic fluxes generated by the two nearest coils 118 n , that is to say the two coils 118 n surrounding each pair of cross bars 120 m , 122 m are of the same direction and therefore add up.
- the transverse bars 120 m , 122 m saturate magnetically so that their reluctance becomes very high.
- the radiation to the outside of the system 102, induced by these saturations, remain moderate.
- control device 144 switches the switches 140 n , 142 n from one configuration to another, so that each coil 118 n stores energy, then restores it.
- the tilts are opposite from one coil to the next (phase shift of ⁇ between each coil), so that when a coil is in a configuration, the next coil is in the other configuration.
- the coils 118 n being arranged in succession along each closed loop 202, 204 from a first reel 118 to a last one coil 8 4, in a first phase, the odd-numbered coils l5 118 118 3 store energy, while the even-rank coils 118 2 , 118 4 supply energy, and in a second phase, the odd-rank coils 118 15 118 3 restore energy, while the even-rank coils 118 2 , 118 4 store energy.
- each coil 118 n thus has a continuous Im component (so-called "common mode” component), which is theoretically the same for all the coils, and an oscillating component i (n) varying around zero.
- FIG. 6 is not completely faithful to reality since each oscillating current i (n) should have several slopes, depending on the state of the other coils (in energy storage or in energy recovery ).
- the signs of the oscillating components i (n) are of alternating signs: one out of two is positive (that is to say that the current I (n) is greater than its common mode component Im) and one out of two is negative (i.e. the current I (n) is smaller than its common mode component Im).
- This alternation compensates, at least in part, the alternation of the rotational directions of the currents in the coils 118 n , so that the magnetic fluxes are no longer alternated as in step 402.
- the magnetic fluxes add up the along the closed loops 202, 204 of the magnetic core 104.
- the resulting magnetic flux is high, resulting in a high apparent inductance for the oscillating components i (n).
- the system 102 remains efficient.
- the ferromagnetic core could have only one sidebar, not two, and thus define a single closed loop.
- cross bars could be omitted.
- phase difference between successive coils could be of a value other than ⁇ .
- the phase shift may have a value adapted to the design of the converter to allow an apparent inductance, in particular not negligible, and / or to minimize the losses.
- a coil is sized to support the flux generated by the DC and AC components of the current flowing through it, without saturating. To avoid saturation of the magnetic circuit, it can provide a gap and / or a section of the magnetic core adapted. The higher the current (expressed for example in ampere-turns) generating the magnetic flux, the more the air gaps must be increased so that the magnetic induction does not reach the saturation zones, and the more the sections of the Magnetic core must be increased to compensate for the inductance value reduction inherent in this gap increase.
- the continuous components of the currents of the coils create flows that cancel out almost completely because of opposite directions.
- the alternating components of the currents of the coils create fluxes which go up.
- the gaps and the sections of the magnetic core can therefore be dimensioned according to the flows resulting from the principal components mainly, and will therefore be of smaller sizes.
- the size of the converter is lower than in the prior art, especially since the ratio between DC component and AC component is high.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
- Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1353339A FR3004602B1 (fr) | 2013-04-12 | 2013-04-12 | Convertisseur de tension et procede de conversion de tension |
| PCT/FR2014/050876 WO2014167257A1 (fr) | 2013-04-12 | 2014-04-10 | Convertisseur de tension et procédé de conversion de tension |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2984746A1 true EP2984746A1 (fr) | 2016-02-17 |
Family
ID=48795714
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14726674.6A Withdrawn EP2984746A1 (fr) | 2013-04-12 | 2014-04-10 | Convertisseur de tension et procédé de conversion de tension |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2984746A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3004602B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2014167257A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6362986B1 (en) * | 2001-03-22 | 2002-03-26 | Volterra, Inc. | Voltage converter with coupled inductive windings, and associated methods |
| JP4434048B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-16 | 2010-03-17 | サンケン電気株式会社 | Dc/dcコンバータ |
| US9647555B2 (en) * | 2005-04-08 | 2017-05-09 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Chopper output stage for arc welder power source |
| US8179116B2 (en) * | 2007-06-08 | 2012-05-15 | Intersil Americas LLC | Inductor assembly having a core with magnetically isolated forms |
| US8928449B2 (en) * | 2008-05-28 | 2015-01-06 | Flextronics Ap, Llc | AC/DC planar transformer |
| EP2565883A1 (fr) * | 2011-09-02 | 2013-03-06 | University College Cork | Transformateur à enroulement divisé |
-
2013
- 2013-04-12 FR FR1353339A patent/FR3004602B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-04-10 EP EP14726674.6A patent/EP2984746A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-04-10 WO PCT/FR2014/050876 patent/WO2014167257A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2014167257A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2014167257A1 (fr) | 2014-10-16 |
| FR3004602A1 (fr) | 2014-10-17 |
| FR3004602B1 (fr) | 2016-10-28 |
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