EP2943574A1 - Procédé de production d'éthanol à partir de déchets organiques, et installation pour la mise en uvre dudit procédé - Google Patents
Procédé de production d'éthanol à partir de déchets organiques, et installation pour la mise en uvre dudit procédéInfo
- Publication number
- EP2943574A1 EP2943574A1 EP14703141.3A EP14703141A EP2943574A1 EP 2943574 A1 EP2943574 A1 EP 2943574A1 EP 14703141 A EP14703141 A EP 14703141A EP 2943574 A1 EP2943574 A1 EP 2943574A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fermentation
- reactor
- ethanol
- organic waste
- fraction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
- C12P7/08—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate
- C12P7/10—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
- C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
- C12P5/023—Methane
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
- C12P7/065—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage with microorganisms other than yeasts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
- C12P7/08—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for producing ethanol from organic waste containing biodegradable materials, such as waste from household waste, and the installation for carrying out said method.
- the present invention is in the general context of the production of biofuel, that is to say a liquid hydrocarbon from the biomass.
- Biofuels have the advantage of being a source of renewable energy because the materials from which they come are quickly reconstituted.
- biofuels have the advantage of being a source of renewable energy because the materials from which they come are quickly reconstituted.
- biofuels There are currently three generations of biofuels:
- biofuels that are produced directly from "food” products, ie from sugar (sugar cane, sugar beet) or starch (corn, wheat, cassava) plants, the sugar being fermented directly in ethanol
- - second-generation biofuels that are produced directly from "non-food” products, namely from lignocellulosic biomass (containing cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin), and
- a first object of the present invention is to propose a production method ethanol, which is simple and rustic, not requiring a pretreatment step.
- the present invention relates more particularly to a process for producing bioethanol from organic waste containing biodegradable materials, such as fermentable materials and lignocellulosic materials, such as waste from household waste.
- yeasts are the reference organisms for the production of bioethanol (and are used for the production of bioethanol first and second generation), and that bacteria are also able to synthesize ethanol, and especially able to degrade the waste unlike yeasts.
- the current bioethanol production tests from household waste have been implemented with introduction of bacterial inoculum, for example an inoculum from a household waste methanizer.
- the inoculum must sometimes be separated beforehand and cultured for several weeks prior to its use in the fermenter.
- Another object of the invention is to provide a process for the production of bioethanol from organic waste containing biodegradable materials, which does not require the monitoring of complex parameters, or pretreatment step, or the prior preparation of a particular inoculum.
- biodegradable materials such as fermentable materials and lignocellulosic materials
- relative humidity greater than 60%, preferably greater than 80%
- the method being characterized in that the energy required for the optional step of regulating the temperature of the anaerobic reactor and / or necessary for the ethanol concentration or separation step is provided by the energy produced by a operation of treatment or storage of the solid fraction of fermented, partially fermented or non-fermented organic waste, said treatment or storage operation being carried out in particular in a methanizer, an incinerator or a storage center with recovery and recovery of biogas.
- the process according to the present invention is thus a rustic and inexpensive process. Unlike the methods of the prior art, it does not require heavy pretreatments either.
- the endogenous flora of the household waste contains mainly populations of bacteria of the Bacilli Class during fermentation in the anaerobic reactor, according to a first embodiment of the invention. at temperatures between 15 ° C and 50 ° C when the pH is around the threshold value of 6.5.
- This bacteria population of the Bacilli class then represents at least 60% preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80% of the total bacterial population in the anaerobic reactor, the measurement being carried out by sequencing the rDNA and the phylogenetic affiliation of the sequences carried out by bioinformatic analysis, in particular using QIIME software (Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology, by Caporaso, Kuczynski et al., Nature Methods, 7 (5): 335-336, 2010)
- the organic waste introduced into the anaerobic reactor contains a fermentable and lignocellulosic fraction of at least 20% by weight, preferably at least 25% by weight (fraction measured in the dry state).
- the pH may advantageously still be at a value greater than the threshold values described above.
- the interruption of the fermentation is carried out before the pH value of said liquid fraction falls below the value of 5, 8, preferably does not fall below the value of 6, 0.
- a high degree of relative humidity is necessary, ie greater than 60%, this relative humidity can advantageously be greater than 70%, more preferably greater than 80%.
- the fermentation is conducted with total or partial immersion in the water of organic waste placed in said reactor.
- the immersion water is advantageously buffered to a pH of between 6 and 9, preferably between 6.5 and 8.
- the fermentation is conducted under continuous or intermittent sprinkling and percolation of water through the organic waste placed in said reactor.
- the spraying water is buffered at a pH of between 6 and 9, preferably between 6.5 and 8, preferably with a recirculation of the water of spraying and percolation through the organic waste during fermentation in said reactor.
- the leachate loaded with ethanol is then collected when its pH reaches the chosen threshold value or before this threshold value is reached.
- This pH value can be obtained most often between 2 and 5 days of anaerobic operation in a humid environment of the reactor, at a temperature of between about 15 ° C. and 50 ° C.
- the step of concentration or separation of the ethanol from the liquid fraction (leachate) is carried out by a technique chosen from distillation, pervaporation, or gaseous stripping.
- the fermentation in the anaerobic reactor is regulated at a temperature of between 50 ° C. and 80 ° C., resulting in a population of bacteria containing predominantly bacteria of the genus Thermoanaerobacter.
- the selection of these thermophilic bacteria may advantageously come from the endogenous flora of the reactor, in particular from the flora of the household waste.
- the ethanol produced can be easily extracted from the fermentation reactor by gaseous stripping.
- the energy required for the regulation of the temperature and / or the step of concentration or separation of ethanol is provided by the energy produced by the treatment or the storage of the solid fraction of organic waste.
- the treatment or storage operation can be performed in a methanizer, an incinerator or a storage center with recovery and recovery of biogas.
- the method according to the present invention is a rustic process, requiring little or no external energy for its implementation.
- the gas produced during the fermentation which may contain hydrogen for example, may advantageously be also sent to a methanizer, preferably the same as that which receives the solid fraction of fermented organic waste.
- This gas produced during the fermentation is advantageously, before sending to the methanizer, rid in particular of the ethanol produced, preferably by condensation or adsorption.
- the present invention also relates to the installation for implementing the method described above, characterized in that it comprises:
- a first anaerobic organic waste fermentation reactor containing biodegradable materials, such as fermentable materials and lignocellulosic materials, equipped with a liquid inlet, for immersing or spraying said waste, and an outlet liquid, called leachate and / or a gas outlet produced during the fermentation,
- a second reactor of the methanizer or incinerator or storage center type, intended to receive at least one solid fraction of the fermented, partially fermented or non-fermented organic waste and to produce energy;
- said ethanol concentration and / or separation device being coupled to the second reactor, of the methanizer or incinerator or storage center type, and being able to use at least partially the energy produced within this second reactor.
- the gas outlet of the first fermentation reactor is coupled to the second methanizer-type reactor for sending the gas produced during the fermentation to be used for the production of methane.
- Figure 1 shows the pH curves obtained during a fermentation according to Example 1
- Figure 2 shows the production curves of ethanol at 35 ° C at different pH according to Example 1;
- Figure 3 shows comparisons of ethanol production at 20 ° C and 35 ° C at different pHs according to Example 2;
- Figure 4 shows the ethanol production at 70 ° C according to Example 2.
- Figure 5 shows the pH variation as a function of the inoculum according to Example 3
- Figure 6 shows the production of ethanol as a function of the amount of inoculum as a function of time according to Example 3;
- Figure 7 shows the evolution of the fermentation pH of the different biodegradable fractions of waste from household waste
- FIGS. 8A, 8B and 8C show the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ethanol of various biodegradable fractions of garbage from household waste;
- Figure 9 shows the bacterial ARISA profiles during the fermentation of different biodegradable fractions of waste from household waste
- FIG. 10 shows the evolution of the pH during fermentation with different levels of dry matter
- Figures 11A and 11B show the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ethanol at different dry matter contents (DM);
- FIG. 12 presents an installation for implementing the ethanol production process according to the present invention incorporating a reactor capable of producing energy.
- Figure 13 shows the results of sequencing in fermentation experiments without inoculum.
- the organic waste tested contains biodegradable materials such as fermentable materials and lignocellulosic materials.
- biodegradable materials such as fermentable materials and lignocellulosic materials.
- the composition of this waste from reconstituted household waste is presented in detail in Table 1 below.
- fermentable material is meant throughout the text of rapidly fermentable materials, corresponding to the materials of the category “putrescible” Table 1.
- Example 1 Influence of i. inoculum
- the sludge was centrifuged (10 000 g for 15 min at 4 ° C.) and aliquoted (100 ml of sludge) and then stored at -80 ° C.
- the characteristics of the inoculum are as follows: 65% MS, 14.22% MV, MV / MS 39.89%. ii. Middle
- the medium is an aqueous medium with phosphate buffers to stabilize the pH (200 mM strength, Table 2). Three pHs were tested: the initial pHs of these buffers were 2.5, 5 and 8. The pHs of the different incubations were then respectively stabilized at 4.5, 5.2 and 6.6. It is these latter pH values (stabilizing pH) that are noted in Figures 1, 2 and 3.
- the inoculum (1.72 g), the medium (140 mL) and the substrate (10 g) were mixed in a 330 mL glass bottle to obtain a dry matter concentration of 5% and an inoculum / substrate ratio. 1/25 in terms of MV.
- the bottles were then closed with a rubber septum and a metal ring.
- the experiments being performed under anaerobic conditions, the oxygen was removed from the gas, using a vacuum ramp (Swagelock). In order to obtain a dioxygen volume percentage of less than 0.3%, five Empty cycles / N 2 are performed.
- the gas used is an inert gas, the dinitrogen (Purity 4, 5, Linde Gas SA).
- the gaseous skies of the bottles are analyzed using a microGC (micro-gas chromatography, Varian microGC CP4900 apparatus).
- This device is equipped with 4 parallel chromatographic circuits with TCD detection.
- the carrier gas used is argon (purity 5.0, Linde Gas SA) and for the others it is helium (purity 6.0, Linde Gas SA). This checks the percentage of desired oxygen.
- the reactors were then placed at 35 ° C. ( ⁇ 2 ° C.) with stirring at 110-120 rpm.
- the ethanol produced is analyzed through a GC-MS gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer coupling.
- the gas chromatograph uses a capillary column (TR-WAX: length 30 m, internal diameter 0.25 mm) with a polyethylene glycol phase (thickness 0.25 ⁇ m).
- TR-WAX capillary column
- the molecules are separated in the GC column according to their retention time, then broken into ionized fragments in the mass spectrometer. These fragments are then detected thanks to their mass to charge ratio noted m / z.
- This coupling makes it possible to identify and quantify the alcohols produced, in particular ethanol and butanol.
- the liquid fraction taken from the fermentation flasks is placed in closed glass tubes.
- these glass tubes are heated at 90 ° C for 10 minutes to pass the ethanol, present in the liquid fraction, in the vapor phase. Then with a syringe of 2.5 mL (HD Type Syringe, CTC Analytics) mounted on the autosampler (TriPlus sampler) a 1 mL aliquot of this vapor is taken through the septum of the tube, and directly injected into the chromatograph (the syringe being at 100 ° C to prevent condensation on its walls). The initial temperature of the oven is 45 ° C and then increases by 5 ° C / min until reaching 100 ° C, then increases from 50 ° C / min to the temperature of 200 ° C maintained for 2 minutes.
- a syringe of 2.5 mL (HD Type Syringe, CTC Analytics) mounted on the autosampler (TriPlus sampler) a 1 mL aliquot of this vapor is taken through the septum of the tube, and directly injected into the chromatograph (the syringe being at 100
- the temperature of the injector is 200 ° C (split mode, flow of 40mL / min, ratio 20), the transfer line and the source are at 220 ° C.
- Helium is used as a carrier gas to a flow of 2mL / min. Calibration of the apparatus was performed with standards of 0, 1, 0.25, 0, 5, 1, 5, 10 and 25 mg / L.
- Example 2 Influence of the temperature The tests were carried out under the same conditions as that of Example 1, only the temperature was modified to compare the results at 20 ° C. and at 35 ° C. These results are presented on the Figure 3 (the pH values are the values after stabilization).
- the advantage of working at 20 ° C is to reduce energy expenditure.
- the pH is initially buffered to 8.
- the pH of the various fractions tested did not stabilize at the same values (FIG. 7).
- the pH of the putrescible incubation stabilized at 5.2, that of the paper / cardboard fraction at 7.5 and that of the textile fraction varied between 8.5 and 7.5. These variations are probably due to to very different fermentations according to the incubated fraction ( Figure 8).
- the stabilization pH of the different fractions differs from that observed during the incubations carried out in the preceding examples with all the biodegradable fractions (stabilization at pH 6.5).
- FIGS. 8A The various fermentation profiles observed are shown in FIGS. 8A (putrescible fraction), 8B (paper-board fraction) and 8C (textile fraction).
- VFAs volatile fatty acids
- the major AGV is butyric acid, followed by acetic acid. There is also a large production of formic acid.
- the production of ethanol is also the largest (800 mg / L) and no degradation phenomenon was found. It is noted that the production of ethanol mainly took place during the first two days, when the pH was higher than 5, 5. The increase in the concentration of ethanol is then low. It is the same for AGV. Incubation of the paper / cardboard fraction also gives rise to a low production of AGV mainly of acetic acid. Significant ethanol production was also observed with a maximum day 4 concentration of 230 mg / L. It is however interesting to have been able to observe ethanol production from this fraction and this after a relatively short incubation period, since paper and cardboard generally represent more than 20% of the wet mass of household waste.
- the number of sequences is 4249 for the total fraction, 8051 for the putrescible fraction and 6424 for the paper / cardboard fraction.
- the number of OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) is similar for each sample, it is respectively 46, 40 and 44.
- the diversity was estimated thanks to the Shannon index whose values are respectively 2.9 , 2, 9, and 3,4.
- the sequences are mainly attributed to the genus Clostridium (more than 90% of the sequences) (see Figure 13). Another genus has also been found, this is Bacillus.
- Example 5 Influence of the Dry Matter (DM) Content
- the fermentation of the biodegradable fraction of the household waste was carried out with dry matter DM contents of 5% and 13%.
- Example 6 Installation
- the bioethanol production process described in the preceding examples, can be coupled to a waste processing unit producing energy.
- Different embodiments can be envisaged, for example coupling to a treatment of organic waste by anaerobic digestion, the process coupled to waste treatment by incineration or storage of non-hazardous waste with recovery and transformation of biogas.
- the present example describes the coupling of the reactor 1 (fermenter) ethanol production according to the invention to an organic waste treatment unit by methanization (methanizer 3) (see Figure 12).
- the organic waste is introduced into the first reactor 1 (fermentor) batch type fed-batch or piston, having a residence time of 1 to 7 days (preferably 1 to 4 days). Moisture in the form of water, effluents or low-level waste is added to this incoming waste in order to obtain a dry matter percentage of waste of between 5 and 30%.
- the pH is controlled and if necessary regulated between 3 and 8 (preferentially between 5 and 7).
- the gas produced during the fermentation which may contain hydrogen, is sent to the methanizer 3 because it can be used for the production of methane and therefore energy.
- a solid / liquid separation step makes it possible to send the liquid fraction only (in part or in full) to a distillation column 2 which comprises between 3 and 50 stages in order to concentrate the ethanol.
- the distillation may optionally be preceded or followed by other techniques in order to improve the concentration of the ethanol.
- the energy supply of the distillation column 2 is provided in part or in full by the thermal and / or electrical energy produced in a co-generator 4 by recovery of biogas methanation.
- the methanizer 3 is fed with the solid fraction resulting from the solid / liquid separation step at the outlet of the fermenter 1, possibly with a portion of the liquid fraction from said fermenter 1 and optionally with other types of organic waste entering the reactor. 'installation.
- the methanizer is also fed with the gas produced during the fermentation, preferably previously free of its possible fraction of ethanol by condensation or adsorption. Vinasse from distillation, possibly cooled via a heat exchanger or any other process, returns to the methanizer 3.
- the production of biogas at the level of the methanizer 3 makes it possible to produce electricity, thanks to a co-generation engine, which can be used in the installation and / or sent to the network.
- the thermal and electrical energy generated by the recovery or the treatment of the biogas can be used to heat the fermenter 1, and / or the methanizer 3 and / or to be used for the separation or concentration process of the ethanol, it is to say here the distillation.
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1350302A FR3000965B1 (fr) | 2013-01-14 | 2013-01-14 | Procede de production d'ethanol a partir de dechets organiques, et installation pour la mise en œuvre dudit procede |
| PCT/FR2014/050059 WO2014108653A1 (fr) | 2013-01-14 | 2014-01-13 | Procédé de production d'éthanol à partir de déchets organiques, et installation pour la mise en œuvre dudit procédé |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2943574A1 true EP2943574A1 (fr) | 2015-11-18 |
Family
ID=47902300
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14703141.3A Withdrawn EP2943574A1 (fr) | 2013-01-14 | 2014-01-13 | Procédé de production d'éthanol à partir de déchets organiques, et installation pour la mise en uvre dudit procédé |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2943574A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3000965B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2014108653A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106888714A (zh) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-06-27 | 贵州师范大学 | 一种青贮液回收利用装置及其施工使用方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4334026A (en) * | 1980-01-18 | 1982-06-08 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Hybrid bio-thermal liquefaction |
| US20070117195A1 (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2007-05-24 | Jerry Warner | Integrated thermochemical and biocatalytic energy production system |
| ES2303792B1 (es) * | 2007-02-15 | 2009-06-12 | Industrias Mecanicas Alcudia S.A. | Un procedimiento para la revalorizacion energetica de la fraccion organica de residuos solidos urbanos, e instalacion. |
| CN101886040B (zh) * | 2010-06-13 | 2012-11-21 | 安徽大学 | 一种产氢产乙醇微生物聚集体的制备方法 |
-
2013
- 2013-01-14 FR FR1350302A patent/FR3000965B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-01-13 EP EP14703141.3A patent/EP2943574A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-01-13 WO PCT/FR2014/050059 patent/WO2014108653A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2014108653A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3000965A1 (fr) | 2014-07-18 |
| FR3000965B1 (fr) | 2015-07-17 |
| WO2014108653A1 (fr) | 2014-07-17 |
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