EP2925899B1 - Metallic steel material - Google Patents
Metallic steel material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2925899B1 EP2925899B1 EP13795241.2A EP13795241A EP2925899B1 EP 2925899 B1 EP2925899 B1 EP 2925899B1 EP 13795241 A EP13795241 A EP 13795241A EP 2925899 B1 EP2925899 B1 EP 2925899B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
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- vanadium
- chromium
- Prior art date
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 62
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 cementite Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 240000003517 Elaeocarpus dentatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLANVVMKMCTKMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanidylidynevanadium(1+) Chemical class [V+]#[C-] ZLANVVMKMCTKMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002023 somite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
- C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a metallic material.
- the present invention further relates to a method for producing a metallic material and the use of a metallic material for producing a component in an internal combustion engine.
- Metallic materials are used in a variety of applications.
- metallic materials are known as components of an internal combustion engine.
- high-strength materials such as metallic materials, for example, given by their mechanical properties, as well as by their machinability.
- cyclic strength and economical workability such as formability, machinability, or weldability may be important.
- the document US3291655 discloses a process for producing a high creep, ferritic Cr-Mo-V ferritic steel with improved time-break elongation by austenitizing annealing, quenching to form a predominantly bainite structure, and annealing at 620 to 760 ° C with the precipitation of vanadium carbides in finely divided form.
- the present invention is a metallic steel material according to claim 1.
- such a metallic material further comprises at least chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo) and vanadium (V).
- Cr chromium
- Mo molybdenum
- V vanadium
- the abovementioned metals may be present, for example, in the form of an alloy, at least partially as pure metals or at least partly as carbides, as explained below.
- the material may contain other ingredients, which may be necessary for a suitable manufacturing process or for a specific field of application.
- constituents may be mentioned, for example, in the steel production customary constituents, such as sulfur or phosphorus.
- such a metallic material has a bainitic basic structure.
- a bainitic ground structure may be understood to mean such a structure, which may in particular have ferrite phases and cementite phases (Fe 3 C).
- a bainitic structure on carbon may have supersaturated ferrite crystals present with cubic body-centered crystal lattice.
- a bainite structure can be recognized on a carbon-supersaturated ferritic mixed crystal optionally with other ingredients such as, in particular, chromium, molybdenum and vanadium, in combination with iron-rich metal carbides such as cementite, wherein a non-limiting typical iron content of the metallic constituents of the carbides is in a range greater than or equal to 50 atomic%.
- the combination of the mixed crystal and the carbides can in principle be present next to each other, which, however, can often be difficult to recognize.
- carbide phases are or are provided in the above-described material. These carbidic phases can be at least partially formed by carbide present as molybdenum, vanadium and / or chromium.
- each of the abovementioned metals may be present as carbide, or individual or a suitable mixture of the abovementioned metals may be present as carbides. It is understood by those skilled in the art that the aforementioned metals need not be fully present as carbides, but also may be included in non-carbidic form in the material.
- the carbide phases are present at least partially with a diameter which is in a range of less than or equal to 200 nm, in particular in a range of less than or equal to 100 nm.
- Carbides in this size range are in particular molybdenum and / or vanadium as carbides , In particular, these carbides may be responsible for a hardness increase, as will be explained in detail later. In addition, other carbides may be present which have a larger diameter, for example carbides of iron and / or chromium.
- the aforementioned material is thus a carbide-hardened steel.
- the aforementioned steel allows in an especially advantageous manner an increase in the cyclic resistance, in particular an improved fatigue strength and higher toughness, at the same time low-calorific heat treatment.
- the above-described carbide-hardened steel allows the possibility of combining soft-working with an increase in cyclic-strength.
- the Carbidaushärtung offers the Possibility of a dimensionally stable strength increase of the steel structure by means of aging or heat treatment at moderate temperatures.
- a soft bainitic ground structure such as having a hardness in a range of less than 37HRC (Rockwell hardness;
- the Rockwell hardness of a material results from the penetration depth of a specimen in case of concern a certain fore- and Test load and can be determined, for example, according to DIN EN ISO 6508-1), and high strength increases of up to 10HRC or even more can be achieved via the following carbide precipitations.
- the above-described material thus allows little effort in an optionally necessary post-processing in the hard state.
- a post-processing in a hard state can be completely eliminated, which can allow a shortening of the value-added chain for setting the desired component property.
- a particularly simple and cost-effective production process can be made possible.
- the above-mentioned material is particularly inexpensive to produce and can also meet future requirements, with a dicheronia can also be given to the specific application requirements.
- the above-described metallic material or the above-described carbide-hardened steel allows a particularly advantageous use in particularly harsh conditions, such as high temperatures, oxidative atmospheres and high pressures.
- An advantageous application can be seen in internal combustion engines.
- the above-described material can be used in injection systems, for example a diesel engine. Concrete application examples include the formation of nozzles or injectors, pressure accumulators or high-pressure pumps in injection systems. Because even in such applications occurring conditions, such as high Injection pressures of, for example, 3000 bar, the above-described material can easily withstand cost-effective manufacturability.
- the above-described material allows the production of mechanically and / or cyclically highly stressable components, an adjustment of previously unavailable property combinations in steels, and thereby a particularly simple and cost-effective production process.
- the steel material may further comprise at least one further constituent selected from the group consisting of silicon and manganese.
- the properties of the material in particular with regard to the mechanical resistance or the cyclic resistance, can be further improved.
- manganese for example, the hardenability, tensile strength and weldability and in principle the processability can be improved, which depending on the application or in particular depending on the production of great advantage. For example, a cooling occurring during the production can be improved due to an enlarged cooling window.
- Silicon for example, can serve, in particular in the production of the material, to improve the processability and also to serve as a deoxidizer in order to protect the material from negative influence. Another advantage of providing silicon can be seen in that the tensile strength, yield strength and scale resistance of the material can be increased. In principle, silicon can further increase the strength. In addition, silicon as a mixed crystal hardener can further improve the mechanical properties.
- the material may have a hardness of greater than or equal to 45HRC.
- the material has a hardness that can not be achieved according to the prior art or only by much more complex manufacturing steps, as these are necessary for the described material.
- the material in particular with such a high hardness, has a very high mechanical stability or cyclic resistance, so that a particularly wide field of application can be possible.
- HRC in particular the hardness according to Rockwell can be understood.
- the Rockwell hardness of a material results from the penetration depth of a test specimen when a given pre-test and test force and can be determined, for example, according to DIN EN ISO 6508-1.
- the above-described metallic composition is therefore in particular a steel. It also has the potential for carbide precipitation by the elements carbon in combination with chromium, molybdenum and vanadium.
- To form the material takes place in a further process step b) treating the metallic composition at elevated temperature.
- the metallic composition can in particular be heated to or above its austenitizing temperature or austenite formation temperature.
- heating takes place at a temperature in a range of greater than or equal to 950 ° C. up to a temperature in a range of less than or equal to 1100 ° C. This temperature may be maintained for a predetermined period of time, such as typically 15 to 120 minutes.
- an austenite formation of the metallic composition thus takes place.
- the metallic composition is cooled at a predetermined cooling rate.
- the predetermined cooling rate can be selected, for example, as a function of the concrete metallic composition or its percentage composition. In principle, cooling rates which are in a range of greater than or equal to 0.2 K / s to less than or equal to 3 K / s may be suitable for the described metallic composition.
- a bainitic ground structure is formed.
- a steel having a hardness in the range of 32 to 40 HRC, for example 35HRC, can be obtained.
- the further temperature treatment is carried out in particular by the provision of carbon and also chromium, molybdenum and vanadium, a formation of the corresponding metal carbides, in particular carbide or nanoscale Carbidausscheidungen in a range of less than or equal to 200nm, in particular in a range of 100nm.
- the hardness can be further increased by a range of about 10HRC, so that a material having a hardness of 45HRC or even higher can be obtained.
- the basic hardness of the bainitic microstructure and the increase in hardness or increase in strength can be adapted to the desired field of application in the method described above.
- the material or its structure still has sufficient ductility even after curing, so that further strength-increasing technologies, such as autofrettage, can be used.
- the subject matter of the present invention is furthermore a use of a material designed as described above or of a method configured as described above for producing a component for an internal combustion engine, in particular for producing an injection component.
- an internal combustion engine can be understood in particular to mean a heat engine which converts the chemical energy of a fuel into mechanical energy via a combustion process.
- Examples of internal combustion engines are in particular an internal combustion engine, such as a diesel engine or a gasoline engine.
- injection components such as, for example, nozzles or injectors, high-pressure pumps or pressure accumulators, in particular for a diesel engine, may be mentioned as specific fields of application.
- the subject of the present invention is furthermore an injection component for an internal combustion engine, comprising a material designed as described above.
- the present invention is in particular an injection component, such as in particular a nozzle or an injector, a high-pressure pump or a pressure accumulator, which are at least partially, for example completely, formed from the material described above.
- injection component according to the present invention a pressurized or pressure-loaded component of an injection system, in particular for a Diesel engine can be understood. Due to the outstanding properties of the above-described material in terms of mechanical stability and cyclic strength of the above-described material is particularly suitable for producing an injection component, in particular for a diesel engine.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen metallischen Werkstoff. Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines metallischen Werkstoffs sowie die Verwendung eines metallischen Werkstoffs zum Herstellen eines Bauteils in einer Brennkraftmaschine.The present invention relates to a metallic material. The present invention further relates to a method for producing a metallic material and the use of a metallic material for producing a component in an internal combustion engine.
Metallische Werkstoffe werden in einer Vielzahl von Anwendungen verwendet. Beispielsweise sind metallische Werkstoffe als Komponenten einer Brennkraftmaschine bekannt. Eine wesentliche Begrenzung der möglichen Ausnutzung von hochfesten Werkstoffen, wie beispielsweise metallischen Werkstoffen, ist beispielsweise durch ihre mechanischen Eigenschaften gegeben, wie auch durch ihre Bearbeitbarkeit. Insbesondere können die zyklische Beanspruchbarkeit und die wirtschaftliche Bearbeitbarkeit, wie etwa die Umformbarkeit, Zerspanbarkeit oder Schweißbarkeit von Bedeutung sein.Metallic materials are used in a variety of applications. For example, metallic materials are known as components of an internal combustion engine. A significant limitation of the possible utilization of high-strength materials, such as metallic materials, for example, given by their mechanical properties, as well as by their machinability. In particular, cyclic strength and economical workability such as formability, machinability, or weldability may be important.
Diesbezüglich ist es beispielsweise bekannt, eine zyklische Beanspruchbarkeit durch eine spezielle Härtung eines Werkstoffs, wie insbesondere eines Stahls, mittels Wärmebehandlung zu erreichen. Derartige aus dem Stand der Technik bekannte Härtungsverfahren weisen jedoch oftmals noch Verbesserungspotenzial auf, insbesondere mit Bezug auf das konkrete Herstellungsverfahren des jeweiligen Werkstoffs, wie insbesondere des Stahls.In this regard, it is known, for example, to achieve a cyclic resistance by a special hardening of a material, in particular a steel, by means of heat treatment. However, such hardening methods known from the prior art often still have potential for improvement, in particular with reference to the specific production method of the particular material, in particular of the steel.
Das Dokument
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein metallischer Stahl-Werkstoff gemäß Anspruch 1.The present invention is a metallic steel material according to claim 1.
Ein derartiger metallischer Werkstoff umfasst neben Eisen und Kohlenstoff ferner wenigstens Chrom (Cr), Molybden (Mo) und Vanadium (V). Die vorgenannten Metalle können beispielsweise in Form einer Legierung vorliegen, zumindest teilweise als reine Metalle oder auch zumindest teilweise als Carbide, wie dies im Weiteren erläutert ist. Darüber hinaus kann der Werkstoff weitere Bestandteile enthalten, welche etwa für ein geeignetes Herstellungsverfahren oder für ein spezielles Anwendungsgebiet notwendig sein können. Als weitere Bestandteile können beispielsweise genannt werden bei der Stahlherstellung übliche Bestandteile, wie etwa Schwefel oder Phosphor.
Ferner weist ein derartiger metallischer Werkstoff ein bainitisches Grundgefüge auf. Unter einem bainitischen Grundgefüge kann dabei eine derartige Struktur verstanden werden, die insbesondere Ferritphasen und Zementit-Phasen (Fe3C) aufweisen kann. Insbesondere kann eine Bainitstruktur an Kohlenstoff übersättigte Ferrit-Kristalle aufweisen, die mit kubisch raumzentriertem Kristallgitter vorliegen. In anderen Worten kann eine Bainitstruktur erkannt werden an einem bezüglich Kohlenstoff übersättigten ferritischen Mischkristall gegebenenfalls mit weiteren Bestandteilen wie insbesondere Chrom, Molybden und Vanadium, in Kombination mit eisenreichen Metallcarbiden, wie etwa Zementit, wobei ein nicht beschränkender typischer Eisenanteil der metallischen Bestandteile der Carbide in einem Bereich von größer oder gleich 50 Atom-% besteht. Dabei kann die Kombination des Mischkristalls und der Carbide grundsätzlich nebeneinander vorliegen, was jedoch oftmals nur schwer erkennbar sein kann.In addition to iron and carbon, such a metallic material further comprises at least chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo) and vanadium (V). The abovementioned metals may be present, for example, in the form of an alloy, at least partially as pure metals or at least partly as carbides, as explained below. In addition, the material may contain other ingredients, which may be necessary for a suitable manufacturing process or for a specific field of application. As further constituents may be mentioned, for example, in the steel production customary constituents, such as sulfur or phosphorus.
Furthermore, such a metallic material has a bainitic basic structure. A bainitic ground structure may be understood to mean such a structure, which may in particular have ferrite phases and cementite phases (Fe 3 C). In particular, a bainitic structure on carbon may have supersaturated ferrite crystals present with cubic body-centered crystal lattice. In other words, a bainite structure can be recognized on a carbon-supersaturated ferritic mixed crystal optionally with other ingredients such as, in particular, chromium, molybdenum and vanadium, in combination with iron-rich metal carbides such as cementite, wherein a non-limiting typical iron content of the metallic constituents of the carbides is in a range greater than or equal to 50 atomic%. In this case, the combination of the mixed crystal and the carbides can in principle be present next to each other, which, however, can often be difficult to recognize.
Weiterhin liegen in dem vorbeschriebenen Werkstoff carbidische Phasen vor beziehungsweise sind vorgesehen. Diese carbidischen Phasen können dabei zumindest teilweise gebildet werden durch als Carbid vorliegendes Molybden, Vanadium und/oder Chrom. Dabei kann jedes der vorgenannten Metalle als Carbid vorliegen, oder einzelne oder eine geeignete Mischung der vorgenannten Metalle können als Carbide vorliegen. Dabei ist dem Fachmann verständlich, dass die vorgenannten Metalle nicht vollständig als Carbide vorliegen brauchen, sondern ferner auch in nicht carbidischer Form in dem Werkstoff enthalten sein können.
Dabei liegen die carbidischen Phasen zumindest teilweise mit einem Durchmesser vor, der in einem Bereich von kleiner oder gleich 200nm liegt, insbesondere in einem Bereich von kleiner oder gleich 100 nm. Dabei liegen als Carbide in diesem Größenbereich insbesondere Molybden und/oder Vanadium als Carbide vor. Insbesondere diese Carbide können für eine Härtesteigerung verantwortlich sein, wie dies im Detail später erläutert wird. Darüber hinaus können weitere Carbide vorliegen, die einen größeren Durchmesser aufweisen, beispielsweise Carbide von Eisen und/oder Chrom.Furthermore, carbide phases are or are provided in the above-described material. These carbidic phases can be at least partially formed by carbide present as molybdenum, vanadium and / or chromium. In this case, each of the abovementioned metals may be present as carbide, or individual or a suitable mixture of the abovementioned metals may be present as carbides. It is understood by those skilled in the art that the aforementioned metals need not be fully present as carbides, but also may be included in non-carbidic form in the material.
In this case, the carbide phases are present at least partially with a diameter which is in a range of less than or equal to 200 nm, in particular in a range of less than or equal to 100 nm. Carbides in this size range are in particular molybdenum and / or vanadium as carbides , In particular, these carbides may be responsible for a hardness increase, as will be explained in detail later. In addition, other carbides may be present which have a larger diameter, for example carbides of iron and / or chromium.
Der vorgenannte Werkstoff ist somit ein carbidgehärteter Stahl. Der vorgenannte Stahl erlaubt in besonders vorteilhafter Weise eine Erhöhung der zyklischen Beanspruchbarkeit, wie insbesondere einer verbesserten Schwingfestigkeit und höheren Zähigkeit, bei gleichzeitig maßänderungsarmer Wärmebehandlung.
Im Detail erlaubt der vorbeschriebene carbidgehärtete Stahl die Möglichkeit, eine Bearbeitung im weichen Zustand mit einer Erhöhung der zyklischen Beanspruchbarkeit zu verbinden. Die Carbidaushärtung bietet dabei die Möglichkeit einer maßänderungsarmen Festigkeitssteigerung des Stahlgefüges mittels Auslagerung beziehungsweise Wärmebehandlung bei moderaten Temperaturen. Bei der Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoffs können dabei über die Einstellung eines weichen bainitischen Grundgefüges, etwa mit einer Härte in einem Bereich von kleiner als 37HRC (Härte nach Rockwell; Die Rockwellhärte eines Werkstoffs ergibt sich aus der Eindringtiefe eines Prüfkörpers bei Anliegen einer bestimmten Vor- und Prüfkraft und ist ermittelbar beispielsweise nach DIN EN ISO 6508-1) und über folgende Carbidausscheidungen hohe Festigkeitssteigerungen von bis zu 10HRC oder sogar darüber realisierbar sein.The aforementioned material is thus a carbide-hardened steel. The aforementioned steel allows in an especially advantageous manner an increase in the cyclic resistance, in particular an improved fatigue strength and higher toughness, at the same time low-calorific heat treatment.
In detail, the above-described carbide-hardened steel allows the possibility of combining soft-working with an increase in cyclic-strength. The Carbidaushärtung offers the Possibility of a dimensionally stable strength increase of the steel structure by means of aging or heat treatment at moderate temperatures. In the preparation of the material according to the invention can thereby on the setting of a soft bainitic ground structure, such as having a hardness in a range of less than 37HRC (Rockwell hardness; The Rockwell hardness of a material results from the penetration depth of a specimen in case of concern a certain fore- and Test load and can be determined, for example, according to DIN EN ISO 6508-1), and high strength increases of up to 10HRC or even more can be achieved via the following carbide precipitations.
Der vorbeschriebene Werkstoff erlaubt somit einen geringen Aufwand bei einer gegebenenfalls notwendigen Nachbearbeitung im harten Zustand. Insbesondere kann bei der Herstellung eines vorbeschriebenen Werkstoffs eine Nachbearbeitung in einem harten Zustand vollständig entfallen, was eine Verkürzung der Wertschöpfungskette zur Einstellung der gewünschten Bauteileigenschaft ermöglichen kann. Dadurch kann ein besonders einfaches und kostengünstiges Herstellungsverfahren ermöglicht werden. Weiterhin ist es möglich, den Werkstoff an ein besonders breites Anwendungsgebiet anpassen zu können.The above-described material thus allows little effort in an optionally necessary post-processing in the hard state. In particular, in the production of a previously described material, a post-processing in a hard state can be completely eliminated, which can allow a shortening of the value-added chain for setting the desired component property. As a result, a particularly simple and cost-effective production process can be made possible. Furthermore, it is possible to adapt the material to a particularly broad field of application.
Der vorbenannte Werkstoff ist dabei besonders kostengünstig herstellbar und kann auch zukünftigen Anforderungen gerecht werden, wobei ferner eine Maßschneiderbarkeit an die konkreten Anwendungswünsche gegeben sein kann.The above-mentioned material is particularly inexpensive to produce and can also meet future requirements, with a Maßschneiderbarkeit can also be given to the specific application requirements.
Der vorbeschriebene metallische Werkstoff beziehungsweise der vorbeschriebene carbidgehärtete Stahl erlaubt eine besonders vorteilhafte Anwendung bei besonders harschen Bedingungen, wie etwa hohen Temperaturen, oxidativen Atmosphären und hohen Drücken. Eine vorteilhafte Anwendung kann dabei in Brennkraftmaschinen gesehen werden. Insbesondere kann der vorbeschriebene Werkstoff angewendet werden in Einspritzsystemen, beispielsweise eines Dieselmotors. Konkrete Anwendungsbeispiele umfassen das Ausbilden von Düsen beziehungsweise Injektoren, Druckspeichern oder Hochdruckpumpen in Einspritzsystemen. Denn auch bei derartigen Anwendungen auftretenden Bedingungen, wie beispielsweise hohen Einspritzdrücken von beispielsweise 3000bar, kann der vorbeschriebene Werkstoff problemlos bei kostengünstiger Herstellbarkeit standhalten.
Neben den vorbeschriebenen Vorteilen bezüglich der mechanischen Stabilität beziehungsweise zyklischen Beanspruchbarkeit besitzt der Werkstoff beziehungsweise sein Gefüge auch nach der Aushärtung noch genügend Duktilität, so dass weitere festigkeitssteigernde Technologien, wie etwa Autofrettage, zum Einsatz kommen können.
Zusammenfassend erlaubt der vorbeschriebene Werkstoff die Herstellung von mechanisch und/oder zyklisch hoch beanspruchbaren Bauteilen, eine Einstellung von bisher nicht verfügbaren Eigenschaftskombinationen bei Stählen, und dabei ein besonders einfaches und kostengünstiges Herstellungsverfahren.The above-described metallic material or the above-described carbide-hardened steel allows a particularly advantageous use in particularly harsh conditions, such as high temperatures, oxidative atmospheres and high pressures. An advantageous application can be seen in internal combustion engines. In particular, the above-described material can be used in injection systems, for example a diesel engine. Concrete application examples include the formation of nozzles or injectors, pressure accumulators or high-pressure pumps in injection systems. Because even in such applications occurring conditions, such as high Injection pressures of, for example, 3000 bar, the above-described material can easily withstand cost-effective manufacturability.
In addition to the above-described advantages in terms of mechanical stability or cyclic resistance of the material or its structure has enough ductility even after curing, so that other strength-enhancing technologies, such as autofrettage, can be used.
In summary, the above-described material allows the production of mechanically and / or cyclically highly stressable components, an adjustment of previously unavailable property combinations in steels, and thereby a particularly simple and cost-effective production process.
Der Stahl-Werkstoff kann ferner wenigstens einen weiteren Bestandteil aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Silicium und Mangan aufweisen. Durch das Vorsehen wenigstens eines dieser weiteren Bestandteile können die Eigenschaften des Werkstoffs insbesondere hinsichtlich der mechanischen Beständigkeit beziehungsweise der zyklischen Beanspruchbarkeit noch weiter verbessert werden. Durch das Vorsehen von Mangan, beispielsweise, kann die Härtbarkeit, Zugfestigkeit und Schweißbarkeit und grundsätzlich die Prozessierbarkeit verbessert werden, was je nach Anwendungsfall beziehungsweise insbesondere je nach Herstellung von großem Vorteil sein kann. Beispielsweise kann eine während der Herstellung auftretende Abkühlung aufgrund eines vergrößerten Abkühlfensters verbessert werden. Silizium, beispielsweise, kann insbesondere bei der Herstellung des Werkstoffs dazu dienen, die Verarbeitbarkeit zu verbessern und ferner als Desoxidationsmittel zu dienen um den Werkstoff so vor negativer Beeinflussung zu schützen. Ein weiterer Vorteil des Vorsehens von Silizium kann darin gesehen werden, dass die Zugfestigkeit, Streckgrenze und Zunderbeständigkeit des Werkstoffs erhöht werden kann. Grundsätzlich kann Silizium ferner die Festigkeit erhöhen. Darüber hinaus kann Silizium als Mischkristallhärter die mechanischen Eigenschaften noch weiter verbessern.The steel material may further comprise at least one further constituent selected from the group consisting of silicon and manganese. By providing at least one of these further constituents, the properties of the material, in particular with regard to the mechanical resistance or the cyclic resistance, can be further improved. By providing manganese, for example, the hardenability, tensile strength and weldability and in principle the processability can be improved, which depending on the application or in particular depending on the production of great advantage. For example, a cooling occurring during the production can be improved due to an enlarged cooling window. Silicon, for example, can serve, in particular in the production of the material, to improve the processability and also to serve as a deoxidizer in order to protect the material from negative influence. Another advantage of providing silicon can be seen in that the tensile strength, yield strength and scale resistance of the material can be increased. In principle, silicon can further increase the strength. In addition, silicon as a mixed crystal hardener can further improve the mechanical properties.
Erfindungsgemäß weist der Stahl-Werkstoff auf:
- Kohlenstoff in einem Gehalt von größer oder gleich 0,25Gew.-% bis kleiner oder gleich 0,4Gew.-%;
- Chrom in einem Gehalt von größer oder gleich 0,3Gew.-% bis kleiner oder gleich 0,6Gew.-%;
- Molybden in einem Gehalt von größer oder gleich 1,5Gew.-% bis kleiner oder gleich 3,2Gew.-%;
- Vanadium in einem Gehalt von größer oder gleich 0,2Gew.-% bis kleiner oder gleich 0,6Gew.-%;
- Silicium in einem Gehalt von größer oder gleich 0Gew.-% bis kleiner oder gleich 0,35Gew.-%;
- Mangan in einem Gehalt von größer oder gleich 0Gew.-% bis kleiner oder gleich 0,35Gew.-%; wobei
Überraschenderweise konnte gefunden werden, dass insbesondere in dieser Ausgestaltung die herausragenden Eigenschaften des vorbeschriebenen Werkstoffs, wie insbesondere die mechanische Stabilität, und die zyklische Beanspruchbarkeit, besonders ausgeprägt sein können. Dabei beschreiben die vorgenannten Gehaltsgrenzen insbesondere eine integrale Zusammensetzung, also das Vorhandensein der jeweiligen Mengen der entsprechenden Atome der Substanzen in jeglicher chemischer Verbindung. Somit kann beispielsweise Chrom etwa als Legierungsbestandteil vorliegen, also in nicht carbidischer Form, oder auch zumindest teilweise in Form eines Carbids. Darüber hinaus können weitere, nicht genannte, Bestandteile in dem vorbeschriebenen Werkstoff vorhanden sein, um beispielsweise das Herstellungsverfahren zu optimieren oder eine Anpassung an spezielle Anwendungsgebiete zu ermöglichen.
Bei einer konkreten Ausführungsform kann es bevorzugt sein, dass der Werkstoff die folgenden Bestandteile aufweist:
- Kohlenstoff in einem Gehalt von 0,35Gew.-%;
- Chrom in einem Gehalt von 0,5Gew.-%;
- Molybden in einem Gehalt von 3,0Gew.-%;
- Vanadium in einem Gehalt von 0,45Gew.-%;
- Silicium in einem Gehalt von 0,3Gew.-%; und
- Mangan in einem Gehalt von 0,3Gew.-%; wobei
Dabei ist die vorbeschriebene integrale Zusammensetzung des Werkstoffs insbesondere ermittelbar durch eine Funkenspektralanalyse. Aus der Funkenspektralanalyse beziehungsweise Spektralanalyse ist dabei in an sich bekannter Weise ein Verfahren zu verstehen, bei welchem die einzelnen Atome, insbesondere Metallatome, angeregt werden und die entsprechend ausgesendeten Spektrallinien untersucht werden, wobei anhand der Intensität die Menge beziehungsweise anhand der Wellenlänge die Art der Atome ermittelbar ist.According to the invention, the steel material has:
- Carbon in a content of greater than or equal to 0.25% by weight to less than or equal to 0.4% by weight;
- Chromium in a content of greater than or equal to 0.3% by weight to less than or equal to 0.6% by weight;
- Molybdenum in a content of greater than or equal to 1.5% by weight to less than or equal to 3.2% by weight;
- Vanadium in a content of greater than or equal to 0.2Gew .-% to less than or equal to 0.6Gew .-%;
- Silicon in a content of greater than or equal to 0% by weight to less than or equal to 0.35% by weight;
- Manganese in a content of greater than or equal to 0% by weight to less than or equal to 0.35% by weight; in which
Surprisingly, it has been found that in particular in this embodiment, the outstanding properties of the above-described material, in particular the mechanical stability, and the cyclic resistance, can be particularly pronounced. In particular, the aforementioned content limits describe an integral composition, ie the presence of the respective amounts of the corresponding atoms of the substances in any chemical compound. Thus, for example, chromium may be present as an alloy constituent, that is, in a non-carbidic form, or at least partially in the form of a carbide. In addition, other, not mentioned, constituents may be present in the above-described material in order, for example, to optimize the production process or to allow adaptation to specific fields of application.
In a specific embodiment, it may be preferred that the material has the following constituents:
- Carbon at a level of 0.35 wt%;
- Chromium in a content of 0.5% by weight;
- Molybdenum in a content of 3.0% by weight;
- Vanadium at a level of 0.45 wt%;
- Silicon in a content of 0.3% by weight; and
- Manganese in a content of 0.3% by weight; in which
The above-described integral composition of the material can be determined in particular by a spark spectrum analysis. From the spark spectral analysis or spectral analysis is to be understood in a conventional manner, a method in which the individual atoms, in particular metal atoms are excited and the corresponding emitted spectral lines are examined, based on the intensity of the amount or based on the wavelength of the type of atoms can be determined.
Im Rahmen einer Ausgestaltung kann der Werkstoff eine Härte von größer oder gleich 45HRC aufweisen. Insbesondere in dieser Ausgestaltung weist der Werkstoff eine Härte auf, die gemäß dem Stand der Technik nicht oder nur durch wesentlich aufwändigere Herstellungsschritte, als diese für den beschriebenen Werkstoff notwendig sind, erreichbar sein können. Darüber hinaus weist der Werkstoff insbesondere mit einer derartig großen Härte eine sehr hohe mechanische Stabilität beziehungsweise zyklische Beanspruchbarkeit auf, so dass ein besonders breites Anwendungsgebiet möglich sein kann. Dabei kann unter HRC insbesondere die Härte nach Rockwell verstanden werden. Die Rockwellhärte eines Werkstoffs ergibt sich dabei aus der Eindringtiefe eines Prüfkörpers bei Anliegen einer bestimmten Vor- und Prüfkraft und ist ermittelbar beispielsweise nach DIN EN ISO 6508-1.
Hinsichtlich weiterer technischer Merkmale und Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoffs wird hiermit explizit auf die Erläuterungen im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren, der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung sowie der erfindungsgemäßen Einspritzkomponente verwiesen.Within the scope of an embodiment, the material may have a hardness of greater than or equal to 45HRC. In particular, in this embodiment, the material has a hardness that can not be achieved according to the prior art or only by much more complex manufacturing steps, as these are necessary for the described material. In addition, the material, in particular with such a high hardness, has a very high mechanical stability or cyclic resistance, so that a particularly wide field of application can be possible. Under HRC in particular the hardness according to Rockwell can be understood. The Rockwell hardness of a material results from the penetration depth of a test specimen when a given pre-test and test force and can be determined, for example, according to DIN EN ISO 6508-1.
With regard to further technical features and advantages of the material according to the invention, reference is hereby explicitly made to the explanations in connection with the method according to the invention, the use according to the invention and the injection component according to the invention.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ferner ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines wie vorstehend beschrieben ausgestalteten metallischen Werkstoffs, aufweisend die Verfahrensschritte:
- a) Bereitstellen einer metallischen Zusammensetzung aufweisend wenigstens die Bestandteile Eisen, Kohlenstoff, Chrom, Molybden, Vanadium, und gegebenenfalls Silizium und gegebenenfalls Mangan, wobei die Zusammensetzung aufweist:
- Kohlenstoff in einem Gehalt von größer oder gleich 0,25Gew.-% bis kleiner oder gleich 0,4Gew.-%;
- Chrom in einem Gehalt von größer oder gleich 0,3Gew.-% bis kleiner oder gleich 0,6Gew.-%;
- Molybden in einem Gehalt von größer oder gleich 1,5Gew.-% bis kleiner oder gleich 3,2Gew.-%;
- Vanadium in einem Gehalt von größer oder gleich 0,2Gew.-% bis kleiner oder gleich 0,6Gew.-%;
- Silicium in einem Gehalt von größer oder gleich 0Gew.-% bis kleiner oder gleich 0,35Gew.-%; und
- Mangan in einem Gehalt von größer oder gleich 0Gew.-% bis kleiner oder gleich 0,35Gew.-%, wobei die vorgenannten Bestandteile zusammen in einem Gehalt von kleiner als 100 Gew.-% vorliegen, und wobei sich die weiteren Bestandteile auf Eisen und gegebenenfalls Phosphor und gegebenenfalls Stickstoff verteilen;
- b) Behandeln der metallischen Zusammensetzung mit einer Temperatur, die größer oder gleich der Austenitisierungstemperatur ist;
- c) Abkühlen der metallischen Zusammensetzung mit einer vorbestimmten Abkühlrate;
- d) Behandeln des unter Verfahrensschritt c) erhaltenen Produkts mit einer Temperatur in einem Bereich von größer oder gleich 400°C; und
- e) Abkühlen des unter Verfahrensschritt d) erhaltenen Produkts.
Hierzu wird in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt a) eine metallische Zusammensetzung, wie in Anspruch 5 angegeben, bereitgestellt. Dies kann im Wesentlichen mit einem aus der Stahlherstellung bekannten Verfahren realisierbar sein. Im Detail kann das an sich bekannte Elektrostahlverfahren Anwendung finden, bei welchem die jeweiligen Bestandteile mit der geeigneten Zusammensetzung insbesondere in einem Lichtbogenofen eingeschmolzen werden.The present invention furthermore relates to a method for producing a metallic material designed as described above, comprising the method steps:
- a) providing a metallic composition comprising at least the constituents iron, carbon, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, and optionally silicon and optionally manganese, the composition comprising:
- Carbon in a content of greater than or equal to 0.25% by weight to less than or equal to 0.4% by weight;
- Chromium in a content of greater than or equal to 0.3% by weight to less than or equal to 0.6% by weight;
- Molybdenum in a content of greater than or equal to 1.5% by weight to less than or equal to 3.2% by weight;
- Vanadium in a content of greater than or equal to 0.2Gew .-% to less than or equal to 0.6Gew .-%;
- Silicon in a content of greater than or equal to 0% by weight to less than or equal to 0.35% by weight; and
- Manganese in a content of greater than or equal to 0Gew .-% to less than or equal to 0.35Gew .-%, wherein the aforementioned ingredients are present together in a content of less than 100 wt .-%, and wherein the further constituents of iron and optionally, distribute phosphorus and optionally nitrogen;
- b) treating the metallic composition at a temperature greater than or equal to the austenitizing temperature;
- c) cooling the metallic composition at a predetermined cooling rate;
- d) treating the product obtained under process step c) at a temperature in a range of greater than or equal to 400 ° C; and
- e) cooling the product obtained under process step d).
For this purpose, a metallic composition as specified in claim 5 is provided in a first process step a). This can be realized essentially with a method known from steel production. In detail, the electrical steel process known per se can be used, in which the respective components are melted with the appropriate composition, in particular in an electric arc furnace.
Die vorbeschriebene metallische Zusammensetzung ist somit insbesondere ein Stahl. Sie hat ferner das Potential zu einer Carbidausscheidung durch die Elemente Kohlenstoff in Kombination mit Chrom, Molybden und Vanadium.
Um den Werkstoff auszubilden erfolgt in einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt b) ein Behandeln der metallischen Zusammensetzung unter erhöhter Temperatur. Dabei kann die metallische Zusammensetzung insbesondere auf oder über ihre Austenitisierungstemperatur beziehungsweise Austenitbildungstemperatur erhitzt werden. Für die vorliegende metallische Zusammensetzung erfolgt dabei ein Erhitzen auf eine Temperatur in einem Bereich von größer oder gleich 950°C bis zu einer Temperatur in einem Bereich von kleiner oder gleich 1100°C. Diese Temperatur kann dabei für einen vorbestimmten Zeitraum, wie für typischerweise 15 bis 120 min beibehalten werden. Während des Verfahrensschritts b) erfolgt somit eine Austenitbildung der metallischen Zusammensetzung.
Weiterhin erfolgt in einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt c) ein Abkühlen der metallischen Zusammensetzung mit einer vorbestimmten Abkühlrate. Die vorbestimmte Abkühlrate kann beispielsweise gewählt werden in Abhängigkeit der konkret gewählten metallischen Zusammensetzung beziehungsweise deren prozentualer Zusammensetzung. Grundsätzlich können für die beschriebene metallische Zusammensetzung Abkühlraten geeignet sein, die in einem Bereich von größer oder gleich 0,2K/s bis kleiner oder gleich 3K/s liegen. Bei diesem Verfahrensschritt c) erfolgt eine Bildung eines bainitischen Grundgefüges. Dabei kann ein Stahl erhalten werden, der bereits eine Härte in einem Bereich von 32 bis 40 HRC, beispielsweise 35HRC aufweist.The above-described metallic composition is therefore in particular a steel. It also has the potential for carbide precipitation by the elements carbon in combination with chromium, molybdenum and vanadium.
To form the material takes place in a further process step b) treating the metallic composition at elevated temperature. In this case, the metallic composition can in particular be heated to or above its austenitizing temperature or austenite formation temperature. For the present metallic composition, heating takes place at a temperature in a range of greater than or equal to 950 ° C. up to a temperature in a range of less than or equal to 1100 ° C. This temperature may be maintained for a predetermined period of time, such as typically 15 to 120 minutes. During process step b), an austenite formation of the metallic composition thus takes place.
Furthermore, in a further method step c), the metallic composition is cooled at a predetermined cooling rate. The predetermined cooling rate can be selected, for example, as a function of the concrete metallic composition or its percentage composition. In principle, cooling rates which are in a range of greater than or equal to 0.2 K / s to less than or equal to 3 K / s may be suitable for the described metallic composition. In this process step c), a bainitic ground structure is formed. there For example, a steel having a hardness in the range of 32 to 40 HRC, for example 35HRC, can be obtained.
In einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt erfolgt eine weitere Temperaturbehandlung des erhaltenen Produkts mit einer Temperatur in einem Bereich von größer oder gleich 400°C, insbesondere in einer Temperatur in einem Bereich von größer oder gleich 450°C bis kleiner oder gleich 600°C, beispielsweise für einen Bereich von mehr als einer Stunde, beispielsweise für zwei Stunden. Durch die weitere Temperaturbehandlung erfolgt insbesondere durch das Vorsehen von Kohlenstoff und ferner Chrom, Molybden und Vanadium eine Bildung von den entsprechenden Metallcarbiden, insbesondere von Carbidphasen beziehungsweise von nanoskaligen Carbidausscheidungen in einem Bereich von kleiner oder gleich 200nm, insbesondere in einem Bereich von 100nm. Dadurch kann die Härte weiter gesteigert werden um einen Bereich von ungefähr 10HRC, so dass ein Werkstoff erzielbar ist, der eine Härte von 45HRC oder sogar darüber aufweist.In a further process step, a further temperature treatment of the product obtained at a temperature in a range of greater than or equal to 400 ° C, in particular in a temperature in a range of greater than or equal to 450 ° C to less than or equal to 600 ° C, for example for a Range of more than one hour, for example, for two hours. The further temperature treatment is carried out in particular by the provision of carbon and also chromium, molybdenum and vanadium, a formation of the corresponding metal carbides, in particular carbide or nanoscale Carbidausscheidungen in a range of less than or equal to 200nm, in particular in a range of 100nm. Thereby, the hardness can be further increased by a range of about 10HRC, so that a material having a hardness of 45HRC or even higher can be obtained.
Anschließend erfolgt gemäß Verfahrensschritt e) ein weiteres Abkühlen des fertiggestellten Werkstoffs.Subsequently, according to method step e), a further cooling of the finished material takes place.
Mittels geringfügiger Änderungen in der Wahl der chemischen Zusammensetzung der metallischen Zusammensetzung sowie insbesondere der Parameter der Wärmebehandlungen beziehungsweise der Behandlung unter erhöhter Temperatur sowie des Abkühlens kann bei dem vorbeschriebenen Verfahren die Grundhärte des bainitischen Gefüges sowie die Härtesteigerung beziehungsweise Festigkeitssteigerung an das gewünschte Anwendungsgebiet angepasst werden.By means of slight changes in the choice of the chemical composition of the metallic composition and in particular the parameters of the heat treatments or the treatment under elevated temperature and cooling, the basic hardness of the bainitic microstructure and the increase in hardness or increase in strength can be adapted to the desired field of application in the method described above.
Beispielsweise besitzt der Werkstoff beziehungsweise sein Gefüge auch nach der Aushärtung noch genügend Duktilität, so dass weitere festigkeitssteigernde Technologien, wie etwa Autofrettage, zum Einsatz kommen können.For example, the material or its structure still has sufficient ductility even after curing, so that further strength-increasing technologies, such as autofrettage, can be used.
Hinsichtlich weiterer technischer Merkmale und Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird hiermit explizit auf die Erläuterungen im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoff, der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung sowie der erfindungsgemäßen Einspritzkomponente verwiesen.With regard to further technical features and advantages of the method according to the invention, reference is hereby explicitly made to the explanations in connection with the material according to the invention, the use according to the invention and the injection component according to the invention.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ferner eine Verwendung eines wie vorstehend beschrieben ausgestalteten Werkstoffs oder eines wie vorstehend beschrieben ausgestalteten Verfahrens zum Herstellen eines Bauteils für eine Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere zum Herstellen einer Einspritzkomponente.The subject matter of the present invention is furthermore a use of a material designed as described above or of a method configured as described above for producing a component for an internal combustion engine, in particular for producing an injection component.
Durch die herausragenden Eigenschaften des vorbeschriebenen Werkstoffs hinsichtlich mechanischer Stabilität sowie zyklischer Beanspruchbarkeit ist der vorbeschriebene Werkstoff insbesondere zum Herstellen eines derartigen Bauteils geeignet, welches unter harschen Bedingungen betrieben wird. Insbesondere ist der vorgenannte Werkstoff beziehungsweise das vorgenannte Verfahren damit geeignet, um ein Bauteil für eine Brennkraftmaschine herstellen zu können. Unter einer Brennkraftmaschine kann dabei im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung insbesondere eine Wärmekraftmaschine verstanden werden, die über einen Verbrennungsvorgang die chemische Energie eines Kraftstoffes in mechanische Energie umwandelt. Beispiele für Brennkraftmaschinen sind dabei insbesondere ein Verbrennungsmotor, wie etwa ein Dieselmotor oder ein Ottomotor. Insbesondere können als konkrete Anwendungsgebiete Einspritzkomponenten, wie beispielsweise Düsen beziehungsweise Injektoren, Hochdruckpumpen oder Druckspeicher, insbesondere für einen Dieselmotor, genannt werden.Due to the outstanding properties of the above-described material in terms of mechanical stability and cyclic strength of the above-described material is particularly suitable for producing such a component, which is operated under harsh conditions. In particular, the abovementioned material or the aforementioned method is suitable for being able to produce a component for an internal combustion engine. In the context of the present invention, an internal combustion engine can be understood in particular to mean a heat engine which converts the chemical energy of a fuel into mechanical energy via a combustion process. Examples of internal combustion engines are in particular an internal combustion engine, such as a diesel engine or a gasoline engine. In particular, injection components, such as, for example, nozzles or injectors, high-pressure pumps or pressure accumulators, in particular for a diesel engine, may be mentioned as specific fields of application.
Hinsichtlich weiterer technischer Merkmale und Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung wird hiermit explizit auf die Erläuterungen im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoff, dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren sowie der erfindungsgemäßen Einspritzkomponente verwiesen.With regard to further technical features and advantages of the use according to the invention, reference is hereby explicitly made to the explanations in connection with the material according to the invention, the method according to the invention and the injection component according to the invention.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ferner eine Einspritzkomponente für eine Brennkraftmaschine, aufweisend einen wie vorstehend beschrieben ausgestalteten Werkstoff. Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist insbesondere eine Einspritzkomponente, wie insbesondere eine Düse beziehungsweise ein Injektor, eine Hochdruckpumpe oder ein Druckspeicher, die zumindest teilweise, beispielsweise vollständig, aus dem vorstehend beschriebenen Werkstoff ausgebildet sind. Insbesondere kann unter dem Begriff Einspritzkomponente im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung ein druckführendes oder druckbelastetes Bauteil einer Einspritzanlage, insbesondere für einen Dieselmotor verstanden werden. Durch die herausragenden Eigenschaften des vorbeschriebenen Werkstoffs hinsichtlich mechanischer Stabilität sowie zyklischer Beanspruchbarkeit ist der vorbeschriebene Werkstoff insbesondere zum Herstellen einer Einspritzkomponente insbesondere für einen Dieselmotor geeignet.The subject of the present invention is furthermore an injection component for an internal combustion engine, comprising a material designed as described above. The present invention is in particular an injection component, such as in particular a nozzle or an injector, a high-pressure pump or a pressure accumulator, which are at least partially, for example completely, formed from the material described above. In particular, the term injection component according to the present invention, a pressurized or pressure-loaded component of an injection system, in particular for a Diesel engine can be understood. Due to the outstanding properties of the above-described material in terms of mechanical stability and cyclic strength of the above-described material is particularly suitable for producing an injection component, in particular for a diesel engine.
Hinsichtlich weiterer technischer Merkmale und Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Einspritzkomponente wird hiermit explizit auf die Erläuterungen im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoff, dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren sowie der erfindungsgemäßen Verwendung verwiesen.With regard to further technical features and advantages of the injection component according to the invention, reference is hereby explicitly made to the explanations in connection with the material according to the invention, the method according to the invention and the use according to the invention.
Claims (10)
- Metallic steel material including at least iron, carbon, chromium, molybdenum and vanadium, wherein the material has a bainitic microstructure, and wherein carbidic phases that are at least partly formed by molybdenum, vanadium and/or chromium in the form of carbide have also been provided, wherein the carbidic phases at least partly have a diameter within a range of not more than 200 mm, wherein the material includes:- carbon in a content of not less than 0.25% by weight to not more than 0.4% by weight;- chromium in a content of not less than 0.3% by weight to not more than 0.6% by weight;- molybdenum in a content of not less than 1.5% by weight to not more than 3.2% by weight;- vanadium in a content of not less than 0.2% by weight to not more than 0.6% by weight;- silicon in a content of not less than 0% by weight to not more than 0.35% by weight; and- manganese in a content of not less than 0% by weight to not more than 0.35% by weight,wherein the aforementioned constituents together are present in a content of less than 100% by weight, and wherein the further constituents are divided between iron, with or without phosphorus and with or without nitrogen.
- Steel material according to Claim 1, wherein the material also includes at least one further constituent from the group consisting of silicon and manganese.
- Steel material according to either of Claims 1 and 2, wherein the material includes:- carbon in a content of 0.35% by weight;- chromium in a content of 0.5% by weight;- molybdenum in a content of 3.0% by weight;- vanadium in a content of 0.45% by weight;- silicon in a content of 0.3% by weight; and- manganese in a content of 0.3% by weight.
- Steel material according to any of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the material has a hardness of not less than 42 HRC, especially not less than 45 HRC.
- Process for producing a steel material according to any of Claims 1 to 4, having the process steps of:a) providing a metallic composition including at least the constituents of iron, carbon, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, with or without silicon and with or without manganese, wherein the composition includes:- carbon in a content of not less than 0.25% by weight to not more than 0.4% by weight;- chromium in a content of not less than 0.3% by weight to not more than 0.6% by weight;- molybdenum in a content of not less than 1.5% by weight to not more than 3.2% by weight;- vanadium in a content of not less than 0.2% by weight to not more than 0.6% by weight;- silicon in a content of not less than 0% by weight to not more than 0.35% by weight; and- manganese in a content of not less than 0% by weight to not more than 0.35% by weight,wherein the aforementioned constituents together are present in a content of less than 100% by weight, and wherein the further constituents are divided between iron, with or without phosphorus and with or without nitrogen;b) treating the metallic composition at a temperature not less than the austenitization temperature;c) cooling the metallic composition at a predetermined cooling rate, forming a bainitic microstructure;d) treating the product obtained in process step c) at a temperature within a range of not less than 400°C, forming carbide precipitates within a range of not more than 200 nm; ande) cooling the product obtained in process step d).
- Process according to Claim 5, wherein process step b) is conducted within a temperature range of not less than 950°C to not more than 1100°C.
- Process according to Claim 5 or 6, wherein process step d) is conducted within a temperature range of not less than 450°C to not more than 600°C.
- Process according to Claims 5 to 7, wherein, in process step c), a cooling rate within a range of not less than 0.2 K/s to not more than 3 K/s is used.
- Use of a steel material according to any of Claims 1 to 4 for production of a component for an internal combustion engine, especially an injection component.
- Injection component for an internal combustion engine, especially for a diesel engine, including a steel material according to any of Claims 1 to 4.
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DE201210221607 DE102012221607A1 (en) | 2012-11-27 | 2012-11-27 | Metallic material |
PCT/EP2013/074542 WO2014082945A1 (en) | 2012-11-27 | 2013-11-25 | Metal material |
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EP (1) | EP2925899B8 (en) |
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US3291655A (en) * | 1964-06-17 | 1966-12-13 | Gen Electric | Alloys |
US3806378A (en) * | 1972-12-20 | 1974-04-23 | Bethlehem Steel Corp | As-worked bainitic ferrous alloy and method |
UA59411C2 (en) * | 1997-07-28 | 2003-09-15 | Ексонмобіл Апстрім Рісерч Компані | Super high-strength steels with perfect superlow temperature density |
DE10139620A1 (en) * | 2001-08-11 | 2003-02-27 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines and a method for hardening the same |
JP4609138B2 (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2011-01-12 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Manufacturing method of oil well pipe steel excellent in sulfide stress cracking resistance and oil well seamless steel pipe |
JP5344454B2 (en) * | 2005-11-21 | 2013-11-20 | 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 | Steel for warm working, warm working method using the steel, and steel and steel parts obtained thereby |
CN101578446B (en) * | 2007-11-12 | 2012-05-23 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | Process for production of common rails and partially strengthened common rails |
FR2931166B1 (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2010-12-31 | Arcelormittal Gandrange | STEEL FOR HOT FORGE WITH HIGH MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PRODUCTS |
JP5483859B2 (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2014-05-07 | 臼井国際産業株式会社 | Processed product of high-strength steel excellent in hardenability and manufacturing method thereof, and manufacturing method of fuel injection pipe and common rail for diesel engine excellent in high strength, impact resistance and internal pressure fatigue resistance |
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