EP2844934A1 - Installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation à masse circulante réduite - Google Patents
Installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation à masse circulante réduiteInfo
- Publication number
- EP2844934A1 EP2844934A1 EP13723710.3A EP13723710A EP2844934A1 EP 2844934 A1 EP2844934 A1 EP 2844934A1 EP 13723710 A EP13723710 A EP 13723710A EP 2844934 A1 EP2844934 A1 EP 2844934A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- refrigerant
- circuit
- coolant
- air conditioning
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B6/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits
- F25B6/04—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
- F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—Component parts or details not otherwise provided for in this subclass
- F25B2400/16—Receivers
Definitions
- Heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system with reduced circulating mass Heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system with reduced circulating mass.
- the technical field of the present invention is that of heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning systems used to condition a flow of air diffused into a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle. More particularly, the invention relates to a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system comprising at least one coolant circuit and an air conditioning loop, in which a coolant circulates and can at least operate in a mode of operation called " cooling "and in an operating mode called” heating "or” heat pump ".
- the air conditioning loop conventionally comprises a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, able to function as a condenser or gas cooler or as an evaporator, a pressure reducer and an evaporator traversed by the refrigerant.
- the evaporator is housed in a housing of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system generally arranged in the passenger compartment of the vehicle, in order to provide an interior air flow at the desired temperature according to a request from the vehicle user.
- the external heat exchanger is conventionally installed on the front of the vehicle, in order to be traversed by a flow of air outside the vehicle.
- the air conditioning loop can be combined with a heat transfer fluid circuit forming an intermediate loop, intended to transport the heat between a heat exchanger type "coolant / heat transfer fluid" installed in the air conditioning loop and a heat exchanger.
- heat of "heat transfer fluid / air” type arranged in the housing of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system. It is known to use the air conditioning loop in an operating mode called “cooling” or in a mode of operation called “heating". In the operating mode called “cooling", the refrigerant is circulated by the compressor and is sent to the external heat exchanger, in which it is cooled by heat exchange with the outside air flow.
- the coolant flows to the expander, in which it undergoes a lowering of pressure, before entering the heat exchanger type "coolant / coolant".
- the refrigerant fluid passing through the heat exchanger of the "coolant / heat transfer fluid” type is then heated by the heat transfer fluid circulating in the heat transfer fluid circuit, which results in a cooling of the coolant and, correspondingly, by cooling. of the interior air flow in order to cool the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the air conditioning loop being a closed circuit, the refrigerant then returns to the compressor.
- the fluid In the so-called "heating" operating mode, the fluid is circulated by the compressor and then sent to the "coolant / heat transfer fluid" type heat exchanger.
- the refrigerant flowing through the heat exchanger of the "coolant / heat transfer fluid” type is then cooled by the heat transfer fluid circulating in the heat transfer fluid circuit, which results in a heating of the coolant and, correspondingly, by cooling. of the interior air flow in order to warm the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the coolant flows to the expander, in which it undergoes a lowering of pressure, before entering the external heat exchanger.
- the air conditioning loop being a closed circuit, the refrigerant then returns to the compressor.
- the "refrigerant / heat transfer fluid” type heat exchanger behaves as an evaporator, cooling the heat transfer fluid sent to the "heat transfer fluid / air” type heat exchanger. arranged in the housing of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system.
- the "refrigerant / heat transfer fluid” type heat exchanger behaves like a condenser, by heating the coolant sent to the heat exchanger. heat of "heat transfer fluid / air” type arranged in the housing of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system.
- the amount of refrigerant contained in the air conditioning loop is influenced by the operating mode called “cooling” and the operating mode called “heating”, as well as by the internal volume of each of the constituent components of the air conditioning loop.
- the average density of the refrigerant flowing through the heat exchanger of "coolant / heat transfer fluid” type is high, which results in a large circulating mass inside the -this.
- Such a reduction in the internal volume is then accompanied by an increase in the pressure losses, refrigerant side, resulting in a reduction in heat exchange performance between the coolant and the coolant within the heat exchanger. heat of type "coolant / coolant”.
- the air-conditioning loop specialist has general knowledge that it is necessary to organize the circulation of the refrigerant fluid with respect to the circulation of the heat transfer fluid so that they can be countercurrent inside the heat exchanger type "coolant / coolant".
- the subject of the invention is therefore a heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning installation comprising an air-conditioning loop, inside which a coolant circulates and a first heat-transfer fluid circuit, inside which a heat transfer fluid circulates.
- the air conditioning loop and the first heat transfer fluid circuit are interconnected via at least one heat exchanger, called second heat exchanger, comprising a first circuit, traversed by the refrigerant and connected to the loop. of air conditioning, and a second circuit, traversed by the coolant and connected to the first coolant circuit, to ensure a heat exchange between the coolant and the heat transfer fluid.
- the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system is thus arranged so that the refrigerant can capture or deliver heat to the heat transfer fluid via the second heat exchanger.
- the circulation of the refrigerant in the first circuit of the second heat exchanger is co-current with the circulation of the coolant in the second circuit of the second heat exchanger.
- the invention proposes a heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning installation comprising an air-conditioning loop and a heat-transfer fluid circuit, the arrangement of which goes contrary to the common arrangements provided by the air-conditioning loop specialist, by choosing a coaxial circulation. flow of the coolant and heat transfer fluid inside the heat exchanger disposed in the air conditioning loop and the coolant circuit, that is to say the second heat exchanger.
- the heat transfer fluid circuit is arranged to flood the second heat exchanger when the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system is used in the so-called "cooling" operating mode.
- the air conditioning circuit comprises a means for fixing the refrigerant fluid, in particular configured so that the refrigerant fluid is less than 80% at the outlet of the first circuit of the second heat exchanger, especially when the refrigerant collects refrigerant.
- heat of the heat transfer fluid through the second heat exchanger that is to say when the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system is configured in the operating mode called "cooling". It is thus understood that the present invention proposes to circulate the coolant and heat transfer fluid in the same direction inside the second heat exchanger, and set the title of the refrigerant at the outlet of the second heat exchanger.
- the air conditioning loop comprises at least one compressor, an expansion member, said first expansion member, a coolant storage device and at least one internal heat exchanger, able to achieve a heat exchange between an upper part. pressure of the air conditioning loop between the compressor and the first expansion member and a low pressure portion of the air conditioning loop between the first expansion member and the compressor.
- the internal heat exchanger comprises the storage device.
- the means for fixing the title of the refrigerant fluid is integrated with the storage device.
- a means for fixing the refrigerant fluid's titer is formed by a device for collecting the refrigerant fluid in the liquid state contained in the storage device.
- the means for fixing the refrigerant fluid titer is configured so that the titer of the coolant in a portion of the internal heat exchanger traversed by the refrigerant fluid at low pressure increases from 80%.
- the means for fixing the refrigerant fluid's titre is integrated into the internal heat exchanger comprising a first portion traversed by the high-pressure refrigerant fluid and a second portion traversed by the low-pressure refrigerant fluid, the second portion.
- the second portion of the internal heat exchanger is formed by a first sub-portion and a second sub-portion, separated by the storage device.
- the internal heat exchanger, the storage device and the second heat exchanger are integral with each other so as to form a unitary module.
- the unitary module comprises at most four passages through which the refrigerant enters or leaves the unitary module.
- the unitary module comprises a single heat transfer fluid inlet and a single heat transfer fluid outlet.
- the second heat exchanger is configured to generate a pressure drop in the first circuit of at least two bars. Such a configuration makes it possible to lower the temperature of the cooling fluid as it passes through the first circuit of the second heat exchanger. This maintains a good level of thermal performance in the operating mode called "cooling".
- the first circuit of the second heat exchanger has a volume less than or equal to 7.5 10 -5 m 3 .
- an advantage of the present invention lies in the ability to limit the circulating coolant mass in the air conditioning loop, while maintaining a high level of performance, in the operating mode called "cooling" as in the operating mode says "heating".
- the various features, variations and / or embodiments of the present invention may be associated with each other in various combinations to the extent that they are not incompatible or exclusive of each other.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system according to the present invention, in a so-called "heating" mode of operation,
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system of FIG. 1, in a so-called "cooling" mode of operation,
- FIG. 3 is a Mollier diagram illustrating the thermodynamic cycle operated by the present invention in the "cooling" mode of operation
- FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view of an exemplary embodiment of a means for fixing the refrigerant capacity in the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system according to the present invention
- FIG. schematic of another embodiment of the means for fixing the refrigerant capacity in the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system according to the present invention are diagrammatic views of an exemplary embodiment of a means for fixing the refrigerant capacity in the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system according to the present invention.
- downstream and upstream describe the position of one component relative to another, according to the refrigerant circulation direction in an air conditioning loop according to the present invention or in the direction of circulation. of coolant in a coolant circuit.
- the terms "open” and “closed” describe the state of a component allowing, respectively, to allow and / or block a coolant passage or heat transfer fluid.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic views of a heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning installation 1 of a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle according to the present invention, respectively, in a so-called “heating” mode of operation and in a operation called "cooling".
- the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning installation 1 comprises a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 2, intended to modify the aerothermal parameters of the passenger compartment of the vehicle. Such a modification of the aerothermal parameters is obtained from the diffusion of at least one interior air flow 3 pulsed inside the passenger compartment.
- the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 2 comprises a housing 4, preferably made of plastic, housing a blower 5, or motor-fan unit 5, intended to circulate the interior air flow 3 from at least one air intake opening 6 to at least one air diffusion mouth 7 arranged in the housing 4.
- a heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 2 is, for example, housed under a board vehicle and channel the circulation of the interior air flow 3.
- the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning installation 1 also comprises an air-conditioning loop 8 inside which circulates a refrigerant fluid, capable of supplying or removing calories, in order to allow the heat or the cooling of the flow of indoor air 3.
- the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 also comprises at least one first heat transfer fluid circuit 25 and / or at least one second heat transfer fluid circuit 36.
- the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 operates in the operating mode. says “heating”. In the case where the refrigerant captures or takes heat from the first heat transfer fluid circuit 25, it is considered that the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 operates in the so-called "cooling" mode of operation.
- the air conditioning loop 8 comprises a plurality of heat exchangers between the refrigerant and, on the one hand, a flow of air, and, on the other hand, the coolant, for example water added with glycol, circulating in one or more separate heat transfer fluid circuits, in particular the first heat transfer fluid circuit 25 and the second heat transfer fluid circuit 36.
- the refrigerant fluid is of the type of a supercritical fluid, such as carbon dioxide, also known as R744. It can also be a subcritical fluid, such as a hydrofluorocarbon, in particular the refrigerant known under the name R134a, or a coolant with low environmental pollution, particularly the refrigerant known under the name R1234yf.
- the air conditioning loop 8 comprises a compressor 9, able to compress the refrigerant in the gaseous state.
- the air conditioning loop 8 also comprises a first heat exchanger 10, in particular a gas cooler 10 or a condenser 10, the function of which is to ensure a heat exchange with a view to directly or indirectly influencing the temperature of the air flow. interior 3, intended to be broadcast in the passenger compartment.
- the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning system 1 also comprises the second heat-transfer fluid circuit 36, through which a heat transfer fluid, similar to or distinct from the heat transfer fluid circulating in the first cooling circuit, passes. heat transfer fluid 25.
- the function of the second heat transfer fluid circuit 36 is, in particular, to perform all or part of the heating function of the indoor air flow 3 in the operating mode called "heating".
- the first heat exchanger 10 makes it possible to ensure a heat exchange between the refrigerant and the coolant circulating in the second coolant circuit 36.
- the first heat exchanger 10 is installed directly downstream of the compressor 9, according to the direction of circulation of the refrigerant in the air conditioning loop 8.
- the first heat exchanger 10 is a heat exchanger of the "coolant / heat transfer fluid" type.
- the second coolant circuit 36 also comprises a second secondary heat exchanger 38.
- the function of the second secondary heat exchanger 38 is to ensure a heat exchange between the inner air stream 3 and the heat transfer medium secondary heat exchanger 2 38 flowing in the second coolant circuit 36.
- the second secondary heat exchanger 38 is a heat exchanger type "heat transfer fluid / air".
- the second secondary heat exchanger 38 is arranged in the housing 4 of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1, and is traversed by the interior air flow 3.
- the heat transfer fluid flowing in the second heating circuit heat transfer fluid 36 is set in motion by a pump 39, said second pump 39, advantageously driven by an electric motor.
- the first heat exchanger 10 carries out a direct heat exchange between the refrigerant and the internal air flow 3, the first heat exchanger 10 comprising a bundle of tubes in which the coolant circulates and outside of which flows the inner air flow 3.
- the first heat exchanger 10 is a heat exchanger of the "refrigerant / air" type and is advantageously arranged in the housing 4 of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1, and is traversed by the interior air flow 3.
- the air-conditioning loop 8 also comprises at least one first switching means 11, in particular a first four-way valve 11, and at least one second switching means 12, particular a second four-way valve 12, allowing the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 to operate according to various operating modes, in particular at least in the operating mode called "cooling" and in the operating mode says "heating".
- the first switching means 11 and the second switching means 12 are connected to each other in order to define four circulation branches in each of which the refrigerant fluid is able to circulate.
- the second switching means 12 is disposed downstream of the first switching means 11.
- the air conditioning loop 8 comprises a first circulation branch I, a second circulation branch II, a third circulation branch III and a fourth circulation branch IV, respectively arranged between the first switching means 1 1 and the second switching means 12.
- the first branch of circulation I of the air conditioning loop 8 comprises a first heat exchanger 13, or external heat exchanger 13.
- the external heat exchanger 13 is located at a front face the vehicle to be traversed by an outside air flow 14, intended not to be distributed in the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the refrigerant circulates in the external heat exchanger 13, while the outside air flow 14 is set in motion by at least one motor-fan unit 35, for example two motor-fan units 35.
- the cooling fluid in the so-called “cooling” mode of operation, the cooling fluid is cooled by the outside air flow 14 and, in the so-called “heating” operating mode, the cooling fluid is heated by the outside air flow 14 .
- the air conditioning loop 8 also includes an internal heat exchanger 17.
- the internal heat exchanger 17 comprises a first portion 32 and a second portion 33 independent and respectively traversed by the coolant at different states. More specifically, the internal heat exchanger 17 is able to achieve a heat exchange between a high pressure portion of the air conditioning loop 8 located between the compressor 9 and a first expansion member 18, and a low pressure portion of the air conditioning loop 8 located between the first expansion member 18 and the compressor 9.
- the air conditioning loop 8 comprises the first expansion member 18 and a second expansion member 23.
- the first expansion member 18 in the so-called “heating” operating mode, the first expansion member 18 is active, the second expansion member 23 being preferentially inactive.
- the second expansion member 23 is active, the first expansion member 18 being preferably inactive.
- active defines the configuration of the detent in which expansion of the refrigerant is ensured, and the term “inactive” defines the configuration of the detent in which no expansion of the refrigerant 'is assured.
- the internal heat exchanger 17 is configured to achieve a heat exchange performance between the first portion 32 and the second portion 33 greater than 80%, especially greater than 87%, in particular greater than 95%.
- the second branch of circulation II of the air conditioning loop 8 comprises the first portion 32 of the internal heat exchanger 17 and the first expansion member 18.
- the first portion 32 of the heat exchanger internal 17 is arranged upstream of the first expansion member 18.
- the third circulation branch III of the air conditioning loop 8 comprises the second portion 33 of the internal heat exchanger 17, the compressor 9 and the first heat exchanger 10.
- the second portion 33 of the The internal heat exchanger 17 is arranged upstream of the compressor 9.
- the compressor 9 is arranged upstream of the first heat exchanger 10.
- the first heat exchanger 10 is intended to directly or indirectly heat the interior air flow 3 adapted to be diffused in the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the fourth circulation branch IV of the air conditioning loop 8 comprises the second expansion member 23 and a second heat exchanger 24 whose function is to provide a heat exchange to influence directly or indirectly the temperature of the interior air flow 3, intended to be distributed in the passenger compartment.
- the second expansion member 23 is arranged upstream of the second heat exchanger 24.
- the second heat exchanger 24 makes it possible to ensure a heat exchange between the refrigerant and the coolant circulating in the first heat transfer fluid circuit 25.
- the second heat exchanger 24 is a heat exchanger of the type " refrigerant / heat transfer fluid ".
- the second heat exchanger 24 is arranged in the housing 4 of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1, and is traversed by the interior air flow 3.
- the first heat transfer fluid circuit 25 is distinct from the second heat transfer fluid circuit 36, in that the respective heat transfer fluids do not mix.
- the second heat exchanger 24 is installed, in the air conditioning loop 8, downstream of the first heat exchanger 10, in the direction of circulation of the refrigerant in the third branch of circulation III of the air conditioning loop 8 and the fourth branch of circulation IV of the air conditioning loop 8.
- the fourth circulation branch IV of the air conditioning loop 8 also comprises a storage device 34 for defining a refrigerant reservoir circulating in the air conditioning loop 8.
- the storage device 34 is arranged in downstream of the second heat exchanger 24.
- the refrigerant storage device 34 is an accumulator constituting a reserve of coolant in the liquid state.
- the second heat exchanger 24 comprises a first circuit 40 and a second circuit 41, respectively traversed by the refrigerant circulating in the air conditioning loop 8 and by the coolant circulating in the first heat transfer fluid circuit 25.
- the first circuit 40 and the second circuit 41 of the second heat exchanger 24 are delimited by tubes, preferably made by plates joined to each other, in which a plurality of fluid circulation channels is formed. refrigerant and heat transfer fluid.
- One part of the plurality of circulation channels forms the first circuit 40 and the other part of the plurality of circulation channels forms the second circuit 41, the circulation channels forming the first circuit 40 being alternated with the circulation channels forming the second circuit 41.
- the first circuit 40 thermally exchanges with the second circuit 41 of the second heat exchanger 24.
- the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning installation 1 is organized so that the circulation of the refrigerant in the first circuit 40 of the second heat exchanger 24 is co-current with the circulation of the fluid. coolant in the second circuit 41 of the second heat exchanger 24.
- co-current means that the coolant and the coolant flow in an identical direction through the first circuit 40 of the second heat exchanger 24 and the second circuit 41 of the second heat exchanger 24.
- the air conditioning loop 8 comprises a means for fixing the refrigerant fluid titer, adapted to be configured so that the refrigerant titer is less than 80% at the outlet of the first circuit 40 of the second heat exchanger 24, when the refrigerating fluid captures heat transfer medium calories through the second heat exchanger 24, that is to say when the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 is used in the operating mode said "cooling".
- the title corresponds to the proportion by mass taken by the cooling fluid in the gaseous state in the mixing zone. The title therefore corresponds to the ratio of the mass of the cooling fluid in the gaseous state to the total mass of the refrigerant.
- the title of the refrigerating fluid at a given point is defined in relation to the enthalpy h s of the point under consideration, of the saturation vapor enthalpy h vs and of the enthalpy of saturating liquid h
- the refrigerant is about 0.75, or 75%.
- the means for fixing the refrigerant capacity may in particular take two embodiments which will be detailed with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.
- the second heat exchanger 24 is configured to generate a pressure drop in the first circuit 40.
- a pressure drop is, for example, in the case of carbon dioxide, of at least two bars, in particular for a flow rate of refrigerant fluid of 150 kg / h and an evaporation temperature of 0 ° C, when the pressure of the refrigerant at the outlet of the first circuit 40 is equal to 35 bars.
- Such a pressure drop is thus operated on the refrigerant side.
- such a pressure drop is obtained by a volume of the first circuit 40 of the second heat exchanger 24, advantageously less than or equal to 7.5 10 -5 m 3 .
- the components of the air conditioning loop 8 described above are connected to each other via tubes, pipes or the like able to channel the refrigerant between the various components of the air conditioning loop 8.
- the first heat transfer fluid circuit 25 comprises the second heat exchanger 24, a first secondary heat exchanger 28 and a pump 29, called the first pump 29, intended to circulate the heat transfer fluid in the first heat transfer fluid circuit 25.
- the first secondary heat exchanger 28 is arranged to ensure a heat exchange between the coolant of the first coolant circuit 25 and the interior air flow 3 flowing in the housing 4 of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system.
- the first secondary heat exchanger 28 is a heat exchanger comprising a bundle of tubes in which circulates the heat transfer fluid of the first coolant circuit 25 and outside of which circulates the interior air flow 3
- the first secondary heat exchanger 28 is arranged in the housing 4 of the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning system 1 in order to be traversed by the interior air flow 3.
- the first secondary heat exchanger 28 is arranged upstream of the second secondary heat exchanger 38, according to the flow direction of the interior air flow 3 in the housing 4 of the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1.
- the housing 4 of the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning system 1 comprises at least one mixing flap 30 installed between the first secondary heat exchanger 28 and the second secondary heat exchanger 38 and capable of assuming a first position in which the mixing flap 30 constrains the interior air flow 3 to pass through the second secondary heat exchanger 38, and a second position in which the mixing flap 30 prohibits the passage of the interior air flow 3 in the second secondary heat exchanger 38 and forces the inner air flow 3 to bypass the second secondary heat exchanger 38.
- the mixing flap 30 is also able to take any position intermediate between the first position and the second position to ensure a proportionate mixture of the inner air flow 3 having passed through the second secondary heat exchanger 38 and the inner air flow 3 having bypassed the second secondary heat exchanger 38.
- heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning system 1 shows the heating, ventilation and / or air-conditioning system 1 in the so-called "heating" operating mode which makes it possible to provide a heating function for the interior air flow 3 intended to be diffused in the passenger compartment of the vehicle .
- Such a configuration is, in particular, used during low temperatures, for example in winter.
- the air conditioning loop 8 is configured so that the refrigerant is compressed and circulated by the compressor 9, then passes through the first heat exchanger 10, in which the refrigerant gives way. heat transfer fluid circulating in the second coolant circuit 36.
- the first switching means 11 is configured to put in communication:
- the second switching means 12 is configured to put in communication:
- the coolant passes through the first switching means January 1 and passes into the second expansion member 23, without undergoing pressure reduction.
- the second expansion member 23 is fully open and passes the refrigerant without restriction.
- a bypass line comprising a control valve (not shown) allowing the refrigerant to bypass the second expansion member 23.
- the refrigerant fluid, high pressure and high temperature then passes through the first circuit 40 of the second heat exchanger 24, the calories present in the refrigerant being transferred to the coolant circulating in the first heat transfer fluid circuit 25 by heat exchange between the first circuit 40 and the second circuit 41 of the second heat exchanger 24.
- the refrigerant After passing through the second heat exchanger 24, the refrigerant enters the storage device 34.
- the refrigerant fluid titer fixing means is integrated with the storage device 34.
- the refrigerant then passes into the second switching means 12.
- the refrigerant enters the internal heat exchanger 17, in particular the first portion 32 of the internal heat exchanger 17 forming a high pressure internal circuit of the internal heat exchanger 17, in which circulates the refrigerant fluid at high pressure and at high temperature.
- the means for fixing the refrigerant fluid titer is integrated into the internal heat exchanger 17, the second portion 33 of the internal heat exchanger 17 being formed by two sub-circuits separated by the storage device 34.
- the refrigerant passes through the first expansion member 18.
- the first expansion member 18 ensures a relaxation of the refrigerant fluid, generating a lowering of the pressure of the refrigerant. As a result, the refrigerant passes through the first switching means 11 and to the first heat exchanger 13.
- the refrigerant expanded exchange with the flow of outside air 14, resulting in a temperature rise of the refrigerant.
- the external heat exchanger 13 behaves like an evaporator.
- the refrigerant passes through the second switching means 12 and enters the second portion 33 of the internal heat exchanger 17, forming a low pressure internal circuit of the internal heat exchanger 17, in which the cooling fluid circulates. at low pressure and at low temperature.
- the air-conditioning loop 8 Since the air-conditioning loop 8 is a closed circuit, the refrigerant terminates its cycle on arriving at the inlet of the compressor 9.
- the first heat-transfer fluid circuit 25 is active to ensure the heating the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the second heat transfer fluid circuit 36 is active to ensure the complementary heating of the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the coolant of the first coolant circuit 25 is circulated by the first pump 29 and the calories present in the fluid. refrigerant are then transferred to the coolant of the first coolant circuit 25 by means of the heat exchange in the second heat exchanger 24.
- the first pump 29 is activated, the heat transfer fluid transfers the calories to the first secondary heat exchanger 28, then ceded to the interior air flow 3.
- FIG. 2 shows the heating, ventilation and / or heating system. or air conditioning 1 in the operating mode called "cooling" to ensure a cooling function of the interior air flow 3 to be distributed in the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- Such a configuration is, in particular, used at high temperatures, for example in summer.
- the second heat transfer fluid circuit 36 In the operating mode called "cooling", the second heat transfer fluid circuit 36 is not active, the second pump 39 being stopped.
- the air conditioning loop 8 is configured so that the refrigerant is compressed and circulated by the compressor 9, then passes through the first heat exchanger 10 without heat exchange with the heat transfer fluid of the second heat transfer fluid circuit 36.
- a bypass line (not shown) of the first heat exchanger 10 of the coolant side.
- the first switching means 11 is configured to put in communication:
- the second switching means 12 is configured to put in communication:
- the refrigerant passes through the first switching means 11.
- the refrigerant fluid at high pressure and at high temperature, passes through the first heat exchanger 13 in which the cooling fluid condenses, the refrigerant then being cooled by the outside air flow 14.
- the refrigerant then flows into the second switching means 12.
- the coolant enters the first portion 32 of the internal heat exchanger 17, forming a high pressure internal circuit of the internal heat exchanger 17, in which circulates the refrigerant fluid at high pressure and at high temperature.
- the refrigerant fluid passes through the first expansion member 18 without undergoing a lowering of pressure.
- the first expansion member 18 is fully open and lets the refrigerant fluid without restriction.
- a bypass line comprising a valve of control (not shown) allowing the refrigerant to bypass the first expansion member 18.
- the refrigerant then passes into the first switching means 11. As a result, the coolant enters the second expansion member 23.
- the second expansion member 23 serves to relax the refrigerant fluid, generating a lowering of the refrigerant pressure. As a result, the coolant, at low pressure, passes through the second heat exchanger 24.
- the refrigerant After having traversed the second heat exchanger 24, the refrigerant passes through the storage device 34, in which the coolant in the liquid state can be stored. At the outlet of the storage device 34, the refrigerant passes through the second switching means 12 before passing through the second portion 33 of the internal heat exchanger 17, forming a low pressure internal circuit of the internal heat exchanger 17, in which circulates the refrigerant fluid at low pressure and at low temperature. As the air-conditioning loop 8 is a closed circuit, the refrigerant terminates its cycle on reaching the inlet of the compressor 9.
- the first heat transfer fluid circuit 25 is active to ensure cooling of the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
- the coolant of the first heat transfer fluid circuit 25 is circulated by the first pump 29 and the calories present in the coolant are then transferred to the heat transfer fluid in the first heat transfer fluid circuit 25 by means of the heat exchange performed in the second heat exchanger 24.
- the first pump 29 is activated, the heat transfer fluid transfers the calories to the first heat exchanger secondary 28 in which they are transferred to the interior air flow 3.
- the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning installation 1 is organized so that the circulation of the refrigerant in the first circuit 40 of the second heat exchanger 24 is co-current with the circulation of the fluid. coolant in the second circuit 41 of the second heat exchanger 24.
- co-current means that the coolant and the coolant flow in an identical direction through the first circuit 40 of the second heat exchanger 24 and the second circuit 41 of the second heat exchanger 24.
- the arrangement of the co-current circulation in the second heat exchanger 24 makes it possible to release the coolant from the second circuit 41 of the second heat exchanger 24 to a temperature close to, or even lower than, that of the refrigerant measured at entry of the first circuit 40 of the second heat exchanger 24, since the vaporization of the refrigerant during the passage of the first volume 40 of the second heat exchanger 24 causes a lowering of the temperature.
- the means for fixing the refrigerant capacity prevents the refrigerating fluid from completely vaporizing at the heart of the first circuit 40 of the second heat exchanger 24.
- the second heat exchanger 24 is "flooded" by the refrigerant fluid, since part of the refrigerant fluid in the liquid state is found at the outlet of the first portion 40 of the second heat exchanger 24.
- FIG 3 is a Mollier diagram illustrating the thermodynamic cycle operated by the present invention in the operating mode called "cooling", the air conditioning loop 8 being traversed by carbon dioxide. It presents the steps of the thermodynamic cycle operating in the air conditioning loop 8 when it is in the mode of operation mode called “cooling", as shown in Figure 2.
- the thermodynamic cycle starts at the input of the compressor 9, illustrated by the point A.
- the compressor 9 raises the pressure and the temperature of the refrigerant until reaching the point B.
- the refrigerant is then cooled by passing through the heat exchanger. outside heat 13 to reach point C.
- the refrigerant undergoes a heat exchange inside the first portion 32 of the internal heat exchanger 17.
- a heat exchange is materialized by the segment between the point C and a point E corresponding to the output of the first portion 32 of the internal heat exchanger 17.
- FIG. 3 shows a point D, situated between the point C and the point E.
- the point D corresponds to a particular point in relation to the second exemplary embodiment of the means for fixing the refrigerant titre, as illustrated in FIG. 5, providing that the means for fixing the cooling fluid titer takes the form of the first portion 33 of the internal heat exchanger 17 comprising two sub-circuits separated by the storage device 34.
- the point D therefore corresponds to in the state of the refrigerant at the inlet of the storage device 34, as arranged according to the second embodiment of the means for fixing the refrigerant capacity.
- the refrigerant is then expanded in the second expansion member 23 to reach the point F corresponding to the state of the refrigerant at the outlet of the second expansion member 23 after the expansion of the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant passes through the first portion 40 of the second heat exchanger 24 to reach the point G.
- thermodynamic cycle ends to return to the point A, the portion between the point G and the point A corresponding to a circulation of the refrigerant in the second portion 33 of the internal heat exchanger 17.
- the point G is placed on a particular isotitre, for example 0.75.
- Such a point G is obtained by means of fixing the title of the refrigerant whose purpose is to impose a titre of less than 80% at the output of the first circuit 40 of the second heat exchanger 24.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of a means for fixing the refrigerant capacity in the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 according to a first embodiment, in which the fixing means the title of the refrigerant is placed at the outlet of the first circuit 40 of the second heat exchanger 24.
- the means for fixing the fluid's titre Refrigerant is an integral part of the storage device 34.
- the means for fixing the title of the refrigerant fluid is then configured so that coolant in the liquid state leaves the storage device 34, in a specific proportion.
- the storage device 34 comprises an inlet pipe 43 channeling the refrigerant fluid from the first circuit 40 of the second heat exchanger 24.
- the refrigerant fluid is in a two-phase state, comprising, for example 80 % of refrigerant in the gaseous state and 20% of refrigerant in the liquid state.
- the storage device 34 also comprises a chamber 44 at the bottom of which the coolant in the liquid state accumulates.
- the storage device 34 also comprises an outlet pipe 45, advantageously having a "U" shape, so as to predominantly take the cooling fluid in the gaseous state.
- the outlet duct 45 comprises a sensing device 42 forming an exemplary embodiment of the means for fixing the title of the refrigerant fluid.
- the capture device 42 takes, for example, the shape of an opening 46 formed in the outlet pipe 45, in a zone of the outlet pipe 45 immersed in the coolant in the liquid state.
- the opening 46 is, for example, located at the low point of the bend formed by the outlet pipe 45.
- the opening 46 has a coolant passage section in the liquid state, for example, between 1 mm 2 and 6 mm 2 .
- part of the second portion 33 of the internal heat exchanger 17 is dedicated to the implementation of the end of the evaporation, so as to bring the title of the fluid refrigerant from 80% to 100%, corresponding to a totally gaseous state.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a second exemplary embodiment of the means for fixing the refrigerant capacity in the heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning system 1 according to the present invention in which the means for fixing the fluid's title refrigerant is disposed at the outlet of the first circuit 40 of the second heat exchanger 24.
- the means for fixing the refrigerant fluid titer is integrated with the internal heat exchanger 17, in particular in the second portion 33 subjected to the refrigerant fluid at low pressure and low temperature.
- Such an internal heat exchanger 17 thus comprises the first portion 32 traversed by the refrigerant fluid and arranged in the high pressure portion of the air conditioning loop 8, and the second portion 33 traversed by the refrigerant fluid and arranged in the low pressure portion of the air conditioning loop 8.
- the second portion 33 of the internal heat exchanger 17 is formed by two sub-portions separated by the storage device 34.
- a first sub-portion 47 receives the refrigerant from the first circuit 40 of the second heat exchanger 24, the latter also being traversed by the heat transfer fluid of the first heat transfer fluid circuit 25.
- the first sub-portion 47 is connected to the storage device 34, connected to a second sub-portion 48 of the second portion 33 of the internal heat exchanger 17.
- the first sub-portion 47 thus performs the complementary evaporation between a title of 80% and a titre of 100%, by heat exchange with the first portion 32 of the internal heat exchanger 17.
- the internal heat exchanger 17, the storage device 34 and the heat exchanger 24 are integral with each other so as to form a unitary module 100, forming a single module 100 facilitating the integration of such a module in the motor vehicle.
- Such a unitary module 100 is characterized in that the number of coolant inlet and outlet is reduced.
- the unitary module 100 comprises four passages 49 through which the refrigerant enters or leaves the unitary module 100. Two passages 49 are connected to the first portion 32 of the internal heat exchanger 17, a third passage 49 is connected to the inlet of the first circuit 40 of the second heat exchanger 24 and the fourth passage 49 communicates with the outlet of the second sub-portion 48 of the second portion 33 of the internal heat exchanger 17.
- the unitary module 100 may further comprise a single heat transfer fluid inlet 50 and a single heat transfer fluid outlet 51, these being arranged so that the circulation of the cooling fluid and the circulation of the heat transfer fluid are co- current, that is to say that the coolant and the heat transfer fluid circulate in the same direction of circulation inside the second heat exchanger 24.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1254111A FR2990264B1 (fr) | 2012-05-04 | 2012-05-04 | Installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation a masse circulante reduite. |
| PCT/EP2013/059223 WO2013164439A1 (fr) | 2012-05-04 | 2013-05-03 | Installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation à masse circulante réduite |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2844934A1 true EP2844934A1 (fr) | 2015-03-11 |
Family
ID=48468241
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13723710.3A Withdrawn EP2844934A1 (fr) | 2012-05-04 | 2013-05-03 | Installation de chauffage, ventilation et/ou climatisation à masse circulante réduite |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2844934A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2990264B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2013164439A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3013812B1 (fr) * | 2013-11-22 | 2019-03-15 | Dynaes | Pompe a chaleur. |
| FR3013811B1 (fr) | 2013-11-22 | 2019-06-07 | Dynaes | Pompe a chaleur. |
| FR3066584B1 (fr) * | 2017-05-19 | 2019-05-03 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Circuit de climatisation inversible indirect de vehicule automobile et procede de de gestion en mode pompe a chaleur |
| FR3080169B1 (fr) * | 2018-04-13 | 2020-12-18 | Arkema France | Procede de refroidissement et/ou de chauffage d'un corps ou d'un fluide dans un vehicule automobile |
| FR3087522B1 (fr) * | 2018-10-23 | 2021-01-29 | France Air | Systeme de traitement par vecteur air |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0979674A (ja) * | 1995-09-14 | 1997-03-28 | Toshiba Corp | 空気調和装置 |
| JPH10197171A (ja) * | 1996-12-27 | 1998-07-31 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 冷凍装置及びその製造方法 |
| DE10344588A1 (de) * | 2003-09-25 | 2005-05-12 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Klimaanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Klimaanlage |
| DE102005059667A1 (de) * | 2005-12-12 | 2007-06-14 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques, La Verriere | Wärmetauscher mit einer Mehrzahl von Rohrelementen |
| WO2010060657A1 (fr) * | 2008-11-26 | 2010-06-03 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Condenseur pour circuit de climatisation avec echangeur interne integre |
| FR2963665B1 (fr) * | 2010-08-05 | 2015-10-16 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Boucle de climatisation comprenant un dispositif de reception d'un fluide refrigerant |
-
2012
- 2012-05-04 FR FR1254111A patent/FR2990264B1/fr active Active
-
2013
- 2013-05-03 WO PCT/EP2013/059223 patent/WO2013164439A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2013-05-03 EP EP13723710.3A patent/EP2844934A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2013164439A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2013164439A1 (fr) | 2013-11-07 |
| FR2990264B1 (fr) | 2018-07-27 |
| FR2990264A1 (fr) | 2013-11-08 |
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