EP2827352A1 - Schutzschalter und Herstellungsverfahren eines mobilen Kontakts eines solchen Schutzschalters - Google Patents

Schutzschalter und Herstellungsverfahren eines mobilen Kontakts eines solchen Schutzschalters Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2827352A1
EP2827352A1 EP14177195.6A EP14177195A EP2827352A1 EP 2827352 A1 EP2827352 A1 EP 2827352A1 EP 14177195 A EP14177195 A EP 14177195A EP 2827352 A1 EP2827352 A1 EP 2827352A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
contact
plane
movable contact
free end
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14177195.6A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2827352B1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Luc Ponthenier
Marc Rival
Guy Gastaldin
Alain Fayolle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Original Assignee
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schneider Electric Industries SAS filed Critical Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Publication of EP2827352A1 publication Critical patent/EP2827352A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2827352B1 publication Critical patent/EP2827352B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • H01H11/041—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by bonding of a contact marking face to a contact body portion
    • H01H11/042—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by bonding of a contact marking face to a contact body portion by mechanical deformation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H01H1/0237—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing oxides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • H01H11/041—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by bonding of a contact marking face to a contact body portion
    • H01H11/043—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by bonding of a contact marking face to a contact body portion by resistance welding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • H01H11/048—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts by powder-metallurgical processes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches
    • H01H2001/0205—Conditioning of the contact material through arcing during manufacturing, e.g. vacuum-depositing of layer on contact surface

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a circuit breaker and a method of manufacturing a movable contact included in such a circuit breaker.
  • Such a circuit breaker comprises a fixed electrical contact and a movable electrical contact having two stable positions: a closed position, where it is electrically connected to the fixed contact and an open position, where it is electrically isolated from the fixed contact.
  • the fixed contact is connected to a first connection terminal and the mobile contact is connected to a second connection terminal, the circuit breaker being able to open the electrical connection between the two connection terminals, for example in case of detection of a defect .
  • a persistent challenge is to increase the longevity of the electrical contacts used in a circuit breaker.
  • the circuit breaker is designed to interrupt, in the event of an electrical fault, a current of the order of several kilo-amperes (kA), while during electrical endurance operation.
  • the circuit breaker is intended to interrupt currents of less than 1 kA, more precisely of the order of 0 to 100 amperes (A).
  • a movable electrical contact of a circuit breaker which comprises a central body made of a first material and having a contact pad of composite material, on a lateral face generally perpendicular to a bearing plane with a fixed contact.
  • the arrangement of the contact pad as described in this patent does not simultaneously promote excellent performance cut, by switching an electric arc formed between the fixed and movable contacts, and electrical endurance.
  • the choice of a refractory material for the composite pellet allows a good erosion performance of the moving contact, during operation in electrical endurance, but does not promote the generation of metal vapors necessary for a good switching of the bow electrical, during a cut-off operation, while the choice of a low-refractory material promotes switching arc cutoff but does not allow minimal erosion in electrical endurance.
  • the document FR-A-2,890,487 does not allow the realization of a solution for optimal operation of the circuit breaker and contacts both in electrical endurance and cut-off.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a circuit breaker for optimal operation in cutoff, while having a longer operating life in electrical endurance.
  • the invention relates to a circuit breaker comprising a fixed contact, and a movable contact having two stable positions: a closed position, where it is electrically connected to the fixed contact and an open position, where it is electrically isolated from the contact fixed; the movable contact comprising a first part made of a first conductive material and a second part made of a second conductive material distinct from the first material.
  • the second part is arranged in an orifice arranged in the first part and comprises a free end projecting from the first part, said free end being intended to bear against the fixed contact in the closed position of the movable contact.
  • the second part being, in a plane parallel to a support plane of the fixed and movable contacts, surrounded on its entire periphery by the first part.
  • the ability to cut a high value short-circuit current is increased simultaneously with the number of open / close cycles at rated current, during which the circuit breaker and the contacts function stably, and this without significant increase in contact resistance.
  • the positioning of the second part relative to the first part allows a rapid switching of an electric arc, generated at the opening of the movable contact, to the interrupting chamber. This leads to an increase in the longevity of the moving contact, in cut-off operation.
  • the second part which is intended to be in abutment against the fixed contact when the movable contact is in the closed position, is in a second material, distinct from the first material of the first part, forming the body of the moving contact, and allows to increase the resistance to erosion of the moving contact in electrical endurance.
  • a circuit breaker 10 comprises an electrical contact 12 movable relative to a fixed electrical contact 14, and a trigger device 16 to which the movable contact 12 is connected.
  • the circuit breaker 10 also comprises a rod 18 around which a coil is wound 20 electrically connected to an arc horn 22, on which is positioned the fixed contact 14.
  • the circuit breaker 10 comprises a breaking chamber 24, a switching horn 26 and a magnetic casing 28 positioned near the coil 20, the breaking chamber 24 being disposed between the switching horn 26 and the magnetic casing 28.
  • the movable contact 12 is in the closed position and is then electrically connected to the fixed contact 14.
  • the circuit breaker 10 comprises a first terminal E and a second connection terminal S of an electric circuit, not shown, intended to be connected by the circuit breaker 10.
  • a current I flows between the two terminals E and S via the fixed and mobile contacts 12 and the coil 20.
  • the electrical connection between the connection terminals E, S is closed, in the closed position of the contact mobile 12.
  • the figure 2 presents the circuit breaker 10 when a fault current appears, involving the opening of the movable contact 12 relative to the fixed contact 14 and the appearance of an electric arc A between the movable contact 12 and the fixed contact 14
  • the terminals E and S are, in this configuration, connected only by the electric arc A. This situation is transient, the breaking chamber 24 being able to eliminate the electric arc A.
  • the circuit breaker 10 is able to operate under two modes, respectively called cut-off operation and operation in electrical endurance.
  • the fault current that must be interrupted is of the order of several kiloamperes, while during endurance operation.
  • electrical current, the current to be interrupted is less than 1 kA, for example of the order of 0 to 100 A.
  • the rod 18 collides with the triggering device 16, which is connected to a movable contact carrier, not shown, and causes the contact carrier to move. mobile which leads to the opening of the movable contact 12 relative to the fixed contact 14.
  • the figure 2 corresponds both to an electrical endurance operation and to a cut-off operation.
  • the Figures 3 and 4 present the evolution of the displacement of the arc A in the case of a cut-off operation.
  • the electric arc moves following the opening of the movable contact 12 in the direction of the switching horn 26 and along the arc horn 22, as shown in FIG. figure 3 . More specifically, the arc is between the movable contact 12 and the arc horn 22 and moves, until the switching of the electric arc A of the movable contact 12 to the switching horn 26. Following this switching , the electric arc A is present between the arc horn 22 and the switching horn 26, then is housed in the breaking chamber 24, adapted to attenuate it, as visible in FIG. figure 4 .
  • the movable contact 12 is in the closed position and bears against the fixed contact 14.
  • the movable contact 12 comprises a first portion 33 and a second portion 34, the second portion 34 being disposed in an orifice 35 arranged in the first portion 33.
  • the orifice 35 is non-opening and formed in the first portion 33 at a zone intended to be in contact with the fixed contact 14, when the movable contact is in the closed position.
  • the first part 33 is made of a first conductive material, the first material comprising for example copper or any other electrically conductive material.
  • the first portion 33 surrounds the entire periphery of the second portion 34, in a plane P parallel to a plane X'Y 'of support of the fixed contacts 14 and movable 12.
  • X is a longitudinal axis of the movable contact 12 and Z an axis perpendicular to the bearing plane X'Y '.
  • the bearing plane X'Y ' is for example substantially longitudinal and the Z axis is then a vertical axis.
  • the first material is clean, for fault currents greater than 1 kA, to undergo vaporization to allow, as presented above, the switching of the electric arc A of the movable contact 12, to the interrupting chamber 24, when operation in a short-circuit break.
  • the first portion 33 is covered with a silver coating 37 on its outer periphery, the thickness measured along the Z axis, is between 2 and 40 microns.
  • the second portion 34 is a second conductive material distinct from the first material. It comprises a free end 38 projecting from the first portion 33 along the Z axis and an inner end 39 located opposite the free end 38 in the direction of the Z axis.
  • the second portion 34 comprises a body central 40 extending, along the Z axis, between the inner end 39 and the free end 38.
  • the second portion 34 is generally perpendicular to the bearing plane X'Y 'of the fixed and movable contacts 14 and 14.
  • second part 34 is for example in the form of a cylinder, or in other words in the form of a wire.
  • the orifice 35 opens, towards the outside of the movable contact 12, at a bearing surface 41 of the movable contact 12 against the fixed contact 14 in the closed position of the movable contact.
  • the second part 34 is surrounded over its entire periphery of the first material constituting the first part 33 along the plane P parallel to the bearing plane X'Y '.
  • the second material constituting the second part 34 is a composite comprising a refractory element, preferably a metal oxide, for example a silver-based pseudo alloy capable of being wired and preferably an alloy of zinc and aluminum.
  • a refractory element preferably a metal oxide, for example a silver-based pseudo alloy capable of being wired and preferably an alloy of zinc and aluminum.
  • silver such as an alloy of silver and zinc oxide, denoted Ag-ZnO, or more preferably an alloy of silver and zinc oxide comprising 8% of zinc oxide and 92% of silver, noted Ag-ZnO / 92-8.
  • This second material is resistant to erosion vis-à-vis the electric arc A, particularly in the case of operation in electrical endurance.
  • the second material is more resistant to erosion than the first material.
  • the height H 34 of the second portion 34 is between 1 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 3 mm.
  • the diameter D 40 of the central body 40 measured parallel to the bearing plane X'Y ' is between 0.8 mm and 1.4 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 1.2 mm.
  • the free end 38 protrudes with respect to the first portion 33 by a height H 38 , measured along the Z axis, and having a value of between 0.05 mm and 0.3 mm.
  • the free end 38 is generally in the form of a spherical or cylindrical cap, as visible in FIG. figure 7 , with a diameter D 38 of between 0.8 mm and 1.4 mm parallel to the bearing plane X'Y '.
  • the second part 34 is slightly flared on its height.
  • the second portion 34 comprises a first portion H 341 , its height H 34 , a decreasing diameter and a second portion H 342 , its height H 34 , an increasing diameter.
  • the second portion H 342 is further away from the bearing surface 41 than the first portion H 341 .
  • the second portion 34 has, parallel to the bearing plane X'Y 'a minimum diameter for a plane P "passing through an intermediate point 42 strictly between the free ends 38 and 39 inside.
  • W33 width of the first portion 33 measured perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis X and parallel to the bearing plane X'Y ', is between 1.6 mm and 3 mm.
  • the second portion 34 is resistant to the electric arc during operation in electrical endurance and erodes moderately, but sufficient, so that the first portion 33 composed of the first material remains flush with the second portion 34, during opening / closing cycles of the movable contact 12.
  • the second material avoids during the opening / closing cycles at the support surface 41 the formation of oxide, without promoting a weld of the movable contact 12 with the fixed contact 14.
  • the height H 34 of the second portion 34 is between 1mm and 5mm allows good securing of the second portion 34 with the first portion 33.
  • the mixed composition of the movable contact 12, at the level of the bearing plane X'Y ' makes it possible, on the one hand, to have a bearing surface 41 resistant to erosion because of the presence of the second material, and on the other hand, a good switching of the electric arc A, in cut-off operation, thanks to the presence of the first material constituting the first part 33.
  • the second metal oxide material makes it possible to ensure a high erosion resistance during operation. an operation in electrical endurance, while ensuring a good stability of the contact resistance between the movable contact 12 and the fixed contact 14.
  • the first material comprising for example copper, makes it possible to switch the electric arc in the interrupting chamber as explained above, and this despite the presence of the second part 34.
  • the speed of the switching of the electric arc A is related to the ionization of the medium at the level of the bearing surface 41, during the appearance of the arc A, knowing that this ionization is obtained by vaporization of the first part 33.
  • This rapid switching is important for two reasons: one is to limit the erosion of the movable contact 12 and the second part 34, and the other is to limit the electrical energy in the chamber cutoff 24.
  • the manufacturing method of the circuit breaker 10 and more particularly of the movable contact 12 comprises various steps.
  • the first step 120 consists in piercing the orifice 35 in the first part 33, in a direction substantially perpendicular to the bearing plane X'Y 'of the fixed and movable contacts 14 and 14.
  • the orifice 35 pierced is non-opening and formed in the first portion 33 at a zone intended to be in contact with the fixed contact 14, when the movable contact 12 is in the closed position.
  • the orifice 35 is, for example, pierced so that no tear appears on the edges of the orifice 35.
  • a second step 130 consists in preparing the second portion 34 composed of the second material. Indeed, since the orifice 35, pierced during step 120, has a diameter of between 0.8 mm and 1.4 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 1.2 mm, the dimensions of the orifice 35 do not allow to sinter the second portion 34 directly into the orifice 35.
  • the second portion 34 must be prepared, that is to say sintered, spun, or extruded before insertion.
  • the second portion 34 is cut to the desired length before being inserted into the orifice 35 and its height, measured perpendicularly to its circular section, is, at this moment, preferably between 1 mm and 5 mm, more preferably between 1 mm and 4 mm, preferably equal to 2 mm.
  • the height of the second portion 34, measured perpendicularly to the bearing plane X'Y 'when the second portion 34 is positioned in the first portion 33, is chosen to be greater than the height of the orifice 35, measured perpendicularly to the plane of X'Y 'support, less than 0.6 mm, so that the free end 38 protrudes from the first part 33 at the end of the manufacture of the movable contact 12.
  • the diameter of the second portion 34 is smaller than the diameter of the orifice 35 so that the second portion 34 is inserted into the orifice 35.
  • the second portion 34 is in the form of a cylinder with a circular base, with a height ratio of the second part 34, on the diameter, measured parallel to its circular section, of the second part 34, greater than 1, preferably greater than 2.
  • the second portion 34 is positioned in the orifice 35, and protrudes in height, along the Z axis, from the orifice 35.
  • a fourth step 150 following step 140, the second portion 34 is assembled to the first portion 33, and a shaped electrode, fixed on a welding machine type, comes to insert the second portion 34 at the bottom of the orifice 35. More precisely, the fourth step 150 consists of forming in an undercurrent welder, with application of a pressure of 20 to 80 kg / mm 2 by means of the shape electrode, of the second part 34 with the first portion 33. This electrode shapes the second portion 34 so that it comprises the first portion H 341 and the second portion H 342 , that is to say so that it has a flared shape.
  • the electrode is positioned opposite and in contact with the second portion 34, to form the free end 38 in the form of a spherical or cylindrical cap, insert the second portion 34 at the bottom of the orifice 35 and inflate the second portion 34 at the inner end 29 to have a flare of the second portion 34 in the orifice 35.
  • the temperature rise is less than 200 ° C, in order to do not change the mechanical properties of the materials.
  • the maximum temperature reached by the first portion 33 is less than 200 ° C.
  • a duration of the passage of the current through the second material 34 is preferably between 0.1 s and 0.5 s.
  • the rise in temperature to less than 200 ° C and the mastery of the duration of current flow allow the swelling of the inner end 39, which ensures a good adhesion between the first portion 33 and the second portion 34, without significant change in the metallurgical properties of the first portion 33, including the hardness of Vickers of the first material of the first part 33.
  • the temperature is maintained below 200 ° C through the mastery of the cooling of the movable contact 12 and the current flowing therethrough.
  • the free end 38 is formed so as to protrude from the first part by a height of between 0.05 mm and 0.3 mm, and to be in the form of spherical or cylindrical cap.
  • the movable contact 12, after step 150, comprises a second portion 34 and a first portion 33 whose dimensions are similar to those presented above with respect to Figures 5 to 7 .
  • the movable contact 12 thus manufactured comprises the second part 34 which is strongly attached to the first part 33 and surrounded by the first part 33, so that the movable contact 12 has an optimal behavior when the circuit breaker works as well in electrical endurance, that 'in break.
  • the life of the circuit breaker 10 comprising the movable contact 12 is increased compared to existing circuit breakers.
  • the first portion 33 is, prior to the piercing step 120, covered with a layer of silver Ag on a thickness of 2 to 40 micrometers.
  • the second portion 34 is not positioned perpendicularly to the bearing plane X'Y ', and during the drilling step 120 the orifice is drilled in a direction that is not perpendicular to the bearing plane X'Y .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
EP14177195.6A 2013-07-18 2014-07-16 Schutzschalter und Herstellungsverfahren eines Schutzschalters Active EP2827352B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1357088A FR3008824B1 (fr) 2013-07-18 2013-07-18 Disjoncteur et procede de fabrication d'un contact mobile d'un tel disjoncteur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2827352A1 true EP2827352A1 (de) 2015-01-21
EP2827352B1 EP2827352B1 (de) 2022-02-16

Family

ID=49322603

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14177195.6A Active EP2827352B1 (de) 2013-07-18 2014-07-16 Schutzschalter und Herstellungsverfahren eines Schutzschalters

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2827352B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2908603T3 (de)
FR (1) FR3008824B1 (de)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2426323A1 (fr) * 1978-05-17 1979-12-14 Johnson Matthey Co Ltd Procede de fabrication de contacts electriques et contacts electriques realises
FR2633855A1 (fr) * 1988-07-06 1990-01-12 Merlin Gerin Procede de fabrication d'une piece composite et contact electrique a pastille de contact fabrique selon ce procede
US5140114A (en) * 1988-10-03 1992-08-18 Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. Electric contact with base metal
FR2890487A1 (fr) 2005-09-05 2007-03-09 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Procede de fabrication d'un contact electrique, contact electrique fabrique selon ce procede et appareil electrique comportant un tel contact

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2733352B1 (fr) * 1995-04-24 1997-05-16 Schneider Electric Sa Pole pour appareil limiteur de courant

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2426323A1 (fr) * 1978-05-17 1979-12-14 Johnson Matthey Co Ltd Procede de fabrication de contacts electriques et contacts electriques realises
FR2633855A1 (fr) * 1988-07-06 1990-01-12 Merlin Gerin Procede de fabrication d'une piece composite et contact electrique a pastille de contact fabrique selon ce procede
US5140114A (en) * 1988-10-03 1992-08-18 Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. Electric contact with base metal
FR2890487A1 (fr) 2005-09-05 2007-03-09 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Procede de fabrication d'un contact electrique, contact electrique fabrique selon ce procede et appareil electrique comportant un tel contact

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3008824A1 (fr) 2015-01-23
ES2908603T3 (es) 2022-05-03
EP2827352B1 (de) 2022-02-16
FR3008824B1 (fr) 2015-09-18

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