EP2827336B1 - Transport and/or storage container - Google Patents

Transport and/or storage container Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2827336B1
EP2827336B1 EP13176522.4A EP13176522A EP2827336B1 EP 2827336 B1 EP2827336 B1 EP 2827336B1 EP 13176522 A EP13176522 A EP 13176522A EP 2827336 B1 EP2827336 B1 EP 2827336B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
jacket
shielding jacket
thermal insulation
shielding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP13176522.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2827336A1 (en
Inventor
Roland Hüggenberg
Linus Dr. Bettermann
Margarete Kustosz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GNS Gesellschaft fuer Nuklearservice mbH
Original Assignee
GNS Gesellschaft fuer Nuklearservice mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by GNS Gesellschaft fuer Nuklearservice mbH filed Critical GNS Gesellschaft fuer Nuklearservice mbH
Priority to EP13176522.4A priority Critical patent/EP2827336B1/en
Priority to ES13176522.4T priority patent/ES2556904T3/en
Publication of EP2827336A1 publication Critical patent/EP2827336A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2827336B1 publication Critical patent/EP2827336B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/005—Containers for solid radioactive wastes, e.g. for ultimate disposal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
    • G21F1/02—Selection of uniform shielding materials
    • G21F1/08—Metals; Alloys; Cermets, i.e. sintered mixtures of ceramics and metals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers
    • G21F5/06—Details of, or accessories to, the containers
    • G21F5/10—Heat-removal systems, e.g. using circulating fluid or cooling fins

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a transport and / or storage container for receiving radioactive components, in particular of radioactive waste, - with container bottom, container casing and container lid, wherein container inside a ⁇ -shielding jacket is arranged.
  • the radioactive components or radioactive waste are received in a container interior of the container, which container interior is surrounded by the container bottom, the container shell and the container lid of the container.
  • Transport and / or storage containers of the aforementioned type are known from practice in different embodiments.
  • the container inside provided ⁇ -shielding jacket of this container is usually made of lead or essentially of lead.
  • ⁇ -shielding jacket of lead At high outside temperatures - such as an external fire as an accident - it is possible that larger amounts of heat are transferred through the container walls into the container interior.
  • the container interior and the container inventory obtained therein can be exposed to unacceptably high temperatures.
  • the ⁇ -shielding jacket of lead can melt at these high temperatures. Then an effective shield with respect to the recorded radioactive components or radioactive waste components is no longer given.
  • the invention addresses the technical problem of specifying a transport and / or storage container of the type mentioned, in which the disadvantages can be avoided and in which the container interior or the container inventory taken therein before high temperatures or inadmissibly high temperatures can be protected. This protection should be ensured in particular in case of an incident of outside temperatures of 800 ° C over a period of at least one hour.
  • the invention teaches a transport and / or storage container for receiving radioactive components, in particular radioactive waste, - with container bottom, container casing and container lid, wherein container inside a ⁇ -shielding jacket is arranged, which ⁇ -shielding jacket preferably made of lead or substantially consists of lead, wherein the ⁇ -shielding jacket is arranged at a distance from the walls of the container and in particular at a distance from the container shell and wherein at least between the container jacket and ⁇ -shielding jacket at least one thermal insulation layer is arranged, wherein the thermal insulation layer the proviso is designed that a heat transfer from the outside of the container to the container inner side is reduced at least insofar as a melting and / or decomposition of the ⁇ -shielding jacket or the material of the ⁇ -shielding jacket is avoided b between not takes place and wherein the thermal insulation layer is arranged with the proviso that the insulation layer has a heat transfer coefficient of ⁇ /
  • radioactive components or radioactive waste are transported and / or stored in the container according to the invention.
  • the radioactive components or waste are also referred to here as a container inventory or inventory of the container.
  • Container bottom, container casing and container lid of the container according to the invention are characterized here and below with the term container components.
  • the container is cylindrical in shape and preferably the container components are made of a metallic material or substantially of a metallic material.
  • the lowest possible heat transfer from the outside of the container to the inside of the container should take place, in particular in the event of a fault with high outside temperatures.
  • the heat transfer from outside to inside should therefore be significantly reduced.
  • an internal thermal insulation layer is realized, which is preferably arranged on the container shell and the container bottom.
  • a lid arrangement with at least one inner lid and at least one outer lid is provided as the container lid.
  • the container casing and / or the container bottom to have a thickness of from 100 to 200 mm, preferably from 130 to 190 mm, and preferably a thickness of from 140 to 180 mm.
  • the ⁇ -shielding jacket or provided for ⁇ -shield lead coat has a maximum thickness of 90 to 150 mm, preferably from 100 to 140 mm and more preferably from 110 to 130 mm.
  • the thickness of the ⁇ -shielding jacket may be, for example, 120 mm or approximately 120 mm.
  • non-heat-generating radioactive components or waste are added in the container or in the container interior of the container. It is also within the scope of the invention that no fuel or spent fuel in the container or in the container interior are added.
  • the thermal insulation layer is designed with the proviso that at an ambient temperature of 700 ° C to 900 ° C, especially at an outside temperature of 800 ° C or about 800 ° C no melting or decomposition of the ⁇ Ableungsmantels or the material of the ⁇ -Ableungsmantels takes place.
  • the thermal insulation layer is designed primarily with the proviso that in case of failure - especially in a broken fire - at a temperature of at least one hour acting temperature of 800 ° C or about 800 ° C no melting or no decomposition of the ⁇ shielding shell takes place.
  • the measures according to the invention are realized in particular with the proviso that a critical pressure of 15 bar or about 15 bar in the container interior is not exceeded. It is also within the scope of the invention that the temperature in the container interior remains below or below the melting point of lead as much as possible, namely below or significantly below 327.5 ° C.
  • d is the thickness or the radial thickness of the insulating layer.
  • the thermal insulation layer according to the invention is arranged between all container components and the ⁇ -shielding jacket.
  • the thermal insulation layer is arranged at least between the container casing and the ⁇ -shielding casing and between the container bottom and the ⁇ -shielding casing.
  • the features and measures mentioned for the insulation on the container shell expediently also apply to the insulation of the other container components.
  • the ⁇ -shielding jacket preferably completely encloses or virtually completely encloses the interior space for accommodating the radioactive components or for receiving the radioactive waste.
  • the thickness or the radial thickness of the thermal insulation layer is less than 50 mm, preferably less than 45 mm, very preferably less than 40 mm and particularly preferably less than 35 mm.
  • the thickness or the radial thickness of the thermal insulation layer preferably corresponds to the distance or the radial distance between the container components and the ⁇ -shielding jacket.
  • the thickness or the radial thickness of the thermal insulation layer is at least 4 mm, preferably at least 5 mm and particularly preferably at least 6 mm.
  • container components means the container casing, the container bottom and the container lid. It is recommended that between the container components and the ⁇ -shielding shell or between the container shell and / or between the container bottom and / or between the container lid and the ⁇ -Ableungsmantel a plurality of the distance between the container component and ⁇ -shielding shell ensuring spacers is arranged. Expediently, at least one thermal insulation material and / or at least one thermal insulation space is arranged in the gap between the container component or between the container components and the ⁇ shielding jacket in the areas between the spacers. The terms thermal insulation material and thermal insulation space will be explained below.
  • between the container casing and the ⁇ -shielding jacket and / or between the container bottom and the ⁇ -shielding jacket and / or between the container lid or the container lid assembly and the ⁇ -shielding jacket each have a plurality or a plurality of Spacers are provided.
  • the spacers are distributed over the gap between the container component and the ⁇ -shielding jacket, preferably evenly distributed.
  • the spacers are connected to at least one planar spacer element and that the spacers protrude from this planar spacer element, preferably protrude in the direction of the ⁇ -shielding jacket and preferably rest against the ⁇ -shielding jacket. It is also within the scope of the invention that the spacers are components of the planar spacer element and expediently consist of the same material as the planar spacer element or consist essentially of the same material as the planar spacer element.
  • a variant of the invention is characterized in that for the realization of the distance between the container component or between the container components and the ⁇ -shielding jacket, a plurality of planar spacer elements or a plurality of adjoining or subsequent planar Distance elements is used.
  • a flat spacer element can extend over half the distance space between the container jacket and the ⁇ shielding jacket
  • a second planar spacer element can extend over the second half of the spacer space between the container jacket and the ⁇ shielding jacket.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the planar spacer at least partially on the inside or on the inner surface of at least one container component (container casing and / or container bottom and / or container lid) rests or rests flat. Furthermore, it is within the scope of the invention that the spacers protrude from the flat spacer element or from the flat spacer elements in the direction of the ⁇ shielding jacket and preferably rest against the ⁇ shielding jacket.
  • the spacers are punched or bent out of this spacer plate or metal sheet.
  • the metal sheet is preferably a metal sheet made of stainless steel or of stainless steel. It is within the scope of the invention that the spacers are formed as profiles of the spacer plate or metal sheet. Preferably, the spacers are punched nubs. According to a recommended embodiment of the invention, the spacers or nubs are formed pyramid-shaped or truncated pyramid.
  • the spacers or nubs are realized in at least one embodiment from the group "prism-shaped, conical, hemispherical, spherical segment-shaped, cylindrical, parallelepiped-shaped, lenticular".
  • the spacers can also be designed in the form of shafts and the spacer plate or sheet metal is then preferably formed as a corrugated sheet. It is within the scope of the invention that the thickness of the spacer plate or metal sheet is selected as small as possible.
  • the thickness of the spacer sheet or metal sheet according to a preferred embodiment of the invention 0.3 to 2.5 mm, preferably 0.4 to 1.5 mm.
  • a plurality of spacer plates or metal sheets may adjoin one another or be arranged next to one another.
  • a recommended embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the spacers rest against the ⁇ -shielding jacket, in particular with their spacer tips or with their spacer maxima.
  • the ratio of the total support surface of the spacers to the remaining surface of the planar spacer element or the planar spacer elements is at most 1:10, preferably at most 0.5: 10 and particularly preferably at most 0.25: 10.
  • the individual support surfaces of the spacers are added to the entire support surface of the spacers.
  • the preferred area ratios given above also separately for the at least one disposed between the container casing and the ⁇ -shielding sheath spacer and / or for at least one arranged between the container bottom and the ⁇ -shielding sheath spacer element and / or for the at least one arranged between the container lid and ⁇ shielding sheath spacer apply.
  • the thermal insulation material between the spacers - and between the container components and the ⁇ -shielding jacket - consists of a gas or substantially of a gas and preferably of air or substantially of air.
  • a vacuum or, as it were, a vacuum could also be arranged as a thermal insulation space in the areas between the spacers.
  • the thermal insulation layer between a container component and the ⁇ -shielding jacket consists of a solid thermal insulation material which preferably fills at least 50% of the volume between the container component and the ⁇ -shielding jacket .
  • the thermal insulation material between the container component or between the container components and the ⁇ -shielding jacket consists of at least one fiber material or essentially of at least one fiber material. In principle, this thermal insulating material or the fiber material could also be combined with the above-described two-dimensional spacer elements or spacer plates. It is within the scope of the invention that between the fibers of the fiber material gas-filled or air-filled spaces or gaps are present.
  • the thermal insulation material of fiber cement boards or the like material or substantially of fiber cement boards or the like material could also consist of glass fibers, natural fibers or the like.
  • the fiber material or the fiber cement plates have a thermal conductivity of 0.3 to 0.5 W / mK, preferably from 0.35 to 0.45 W / mK and more preferably from 0.4 W / mK or from about 0.4 W / mK.
  • the density of the thermal insulation material or the density of the fiber material / fiber cement plates is 1200 to 2000 kg / m 3 and preferably 1400 to 1800 kg / m 3 .
  • the invention is based on the finding that, with the transport and / or storage container according to the invention or with the insulation measures according to the invention, the heat transfer from the outside of the container to the inside of the container or to the inside of the container can be significantly reduced.
  • the temperature on the inside of the container or in the container interior can be reduced to a certain harmless limit value by the measures according to the invention.
  • the container inventory and / or the vessel installations can be protected from unacceptably high temperatures.
  • isolation or thermal insulation according to the invention can be implemented with relatively simple, inexpensive and cost-effective measures.
  • the thermal insulation layer realized according to the invention can at the same time also serve as a support structure between container components and ⁇ -shielding jacket.
  • the figures show a transport and / or storage container according to the invention for receiving not shown radioactive components, in particular of radioactive waste.
  • the container has a container bottom 1, a container casing 2 and a container lid arrangement with an inner container lid 3 and with an outer container lid 4.
  • Container bottom 1, container casing 2 and the container lid 3, 4 are expediently and in the exemplary embodiment made of metallic material.
  • a ⁇ -shielding jacket 5 is arranged, which in a known manner serves for shielding ⁇ -rays from the interior of the container.
  • the ⁇ -shielding jacket 5 has a bottom component 6, a jacket component 7 and a cover component 8.
  • the ⁇ -shielding jacket or the bottom component 6, the jacket component 7 and the cover component 8 of the ⁇ -shielding jacket 5 enclose the container interior 9, in which the radioactive components, in particular the radioactive wastes, are accommodated.
  • the components or external components of the container, d. H. the container bottom 1, the container casing 2 and the lid assembly 3, 4 are also referred to briefly as container components.
  • the ⁇ -shielding jacket 5 is arranged at a distance from the container components 1, 2 and 3, so that there is a clearance gap between the ⁇ -shielding jacket 5 and the container components 1, 2, 3 10 is located.
  • a thermal insulation layer 11 according to the invention arranged. This thermal insulation layer 11 is designed with the proviso that a heat transfer from the outside of the container to the container inner side is reduced at least to the extent that a melting of the lead ⁇ -shielding jacket 5 is avoided.
  • the container casing 2 and the container bottom 1 may have a thickness of 160 mm in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the thickness of the ⁇ shielding jacket 5 made of lead in the exemplary embodiment is 120 mm.
  • the thermal insulation layer 11 is designed with the proviso that no melting of the ⁇ -shielding jacket 5 made of lead occurs in an accident when exposed to an outside temperature of 800 ° C or about 800 ° C over a period of at least one hour , In this case, the melting point of the lead under normal conditions in the amount of 327.5 ° C is taken into account.
  • the distance a between the container components 1 and 2 and the ⁇ -shielding jacket 5 is less than 40 mm and preferably significantly less than 40 mm. In the embodiment, the distance may be a 20 mm. Preferably and in the exemplary embodiment, this distance a between the container components 1, 2, 3 and the ⁇ -shielding jacket 5 is at least 3 mm, preferably at least 5 mm.
  • a plurality of spacers 12 ensuring the spacing a is arranged between the container components 1, 2, 3 and the ⁇ -shielding jacket 5.
  • the spacers 12 are preferred and in the embodiment part of a flat spacer element in the form of a metal sheet 13 made of stainless steel.
  • the spacers 12 are preferably and in the exemplary embodiment punched out of the metal sheet 13 in the form of knobs. This is in particular on the Fig. 2 to refer.
  • the metal sheet 13 is on the inside or inner surface of the container components 1 and 2 and the spacers 12 or studs collar of the metal sheet 13 in the direction of the ⁇ -shielding container 5 and lie with their tips on the ⁇ -shielding jacket 5 ( Fig. 1 ).
  • the spacers 12 and knobs are preferred for thermal insulation and in the embodiment, air-filled spaces.
  • air is arranged as a thermal insulation material between the spacers 12.
  • a multiplicity of flat spacer elements or metal sheets 13 can be combined or connected to one another.
  • two cylindrical metal sheets 13 of semicircular cross-section may be combined in the case of a cylindrical design of the container.
  • container bottom 1 and ⁇ -shielding jacket 5 separate metal sheets 13 and at least one separate metal sheet 13 may be provided.
  • the pyramidal spacers 12 abut with their pyramid tips on the ⁇ -shielding jacket 5 and are supported on the ⁇ -shielding jacket 5.
  • the entire support surface of these spacers 12 is small compared to the rest of the surface
  • the remaining area of the metal sheet 13 is at least ten times, preferably at least twenty times, compared to the total support surface.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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Description

Die Erfindung betriff einen Transport- und/oder Lagerbehälter zur Aufnahme von radioaktiven Komponenten, insbesondere von radioaktiven Abfällen, - mit Behälterboden, Behältermantel und Behälterdeckel, wobei behälterinnenseitig ein γ-Abschirmungsmantel angeordnet ist. Die radioaktiven Komponenten bzw. radioaktiven Abfällen werden in einem Behälterinnenraum des Behälters aufgenommen, welcher Behälterinnenraum von dem Behälterboden, dem Behältermantel und dem Behälterdeckel des Behälters umgeben wird.The invention relates to a transport and / or storage container for receiving radioactive components, in particular of radioactive waste, - with container bottom, container casing and container lid, wherein container inside a γ-shielding jacket is arranged. The radioactive components or radioactive waste are received in a container interior of the container, which container interior is surrounded by the container bottom, the container shell and the container lid of the container.

Transport- und/oder Lagerbehälter der vorstehend genannten Art sind aus der Praxis in unterschiedlichen Ausführungsformen bekannt. Der behälterinnenseitig vorgesehene γ-Abschirmungsmantel dieser Behälter besteht in der Regel aus Blei bzw. im Wesentlichen aus Blei. Bei hohen Außentemperaturen - beispielsweise bei einem äußeren Feuer als Störfall - ist es möglich, dass größere Wärmemengen durch die Behälterwandungen ins Behälterinnere übertragen werden. Dadurch kann der Behälterinnenraum und das darin erhaltene Behälterinventar unzulässig hohen Temperaturen ausgesetzt werden. Vor allem kann bei diesen hohen Temperaturen im Extremfall auch der γ-Abschirmungsmantel aus Blei schmelzen. Dann ist eine effektive Abschirmung im Hinblick auf die aufgenommenen radioaktiven Komponenten bzw. radioaktiven Abfallkomponenten nicht mehr gegeben.Transport and / or storage containers of the aforementioned type are known from practice in different embodiments. The container inside provided γ-shielding jacket of this container is usually made of lead or essentially of lead. At high outside temperatures - such as an external fire as an accident - it is possible that larger amounts of heat are transferred through the container walls into the container interior. As a result, the container interior and the container inventory obtained therein can be exposed to unacceptably high temperatures. Above all, in extreme cases, the γ-shielding jacket of lead can melt at these high temperatures. Then an effective shield with respect to the recorded radioactive components or radioactive waste components is no longer given.

Ein Transport- und/oder Lagerbehälter der eingangs genannten Art ist aus US 2009/0114856 A1 bekannt. Hier ist eine äußere Behältermantelkomponente und eine innere Behältermantelkomponente beschrieben, wobei zwischen den beiden Behältermantelkomponenten ein γ-Abschirmungsmantel angeordnet ist. Auch bei diesem bekannten Behälter können die vorstehend geschilderten Probleme nicht ausgeschlossen werden.A transport and / or storage container of the type mentioned is out US 2009/0114856 A1 known. Here, an outer container shell component and an inner container shell component is described, wherein a γ-shielding jacket is arranged between the two container shell components. Even with this known container, the above-described problems can not be excluded.

Demgegenüber liegt der Erfindung das technische Problem zugrunde, einen Transport- und/oder Lagerbehälter der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, bei dem die geschilderten Nachteile vermieden werden können und bei dem der Behälterinnenraum bzw. das darin aufgenommene Behälterinventar vor hohen Temperaturen bzw. vor unzulässig hohen Temperaturen geschützt werden kann. Dieser Schutz soll insbesondere bei einem Störfall von Außentemperaturen von 800°C über einen Zeitraum von mindestens einer Stunde gewährleistet bleiben.In contrast, the invention addresses the technical problem of specifying a transport and / or storage container of the type mentioned, in which the disadvantages can be avoided and in which the container interior or the container inventory taken therein before high temperatures or inadmissibly high temperatures can be protected. This protection should be ensured in particular in case of an incident of outside temperatures of 800 ° C over a period of at least one hour.

Zur Lösung des technischen Problems lehrt die Erfindung einen Transport- und/oder Lagerbehälter zur Aufnahme von radioaktiven Komponenten, insbesondere von radioaktiven Abfällen, - mit Behälterboden, Behältermantel und Behälterdeckel, wobei behälterinnenseitig ein γ-Abschirmungsmantel angeordnet ist, welcher γ-Abschirmungsmantel bevorzugt aus Blei bzw. im Wesentlichen aus Blei besteht, wobei der γ-Abschirmungsmantel mit Abstand zu den Wandungen des Behälters und insbesondere mit Abstand zu dem Behältermantel angeordnet ist und wobei zumindest zwischen Behältermantel und γ-Abschirmungsmantel zumindest eine thermische Isolierungsschicht angeordnet ist, wobei die thermische Isolierungsschicht mit der Maßgabe ausgelegt ist, dass eine Wärmeübertragung von der Außenseite des Behälters zur Behälterinnenseite zumindest insoweit reduziert wird, dass ein Schmelzen und/oder eine Zersetzung des γ-Abschirmungsmantel bzw. des Materials des γ-Abschirmungsmantels vermieden wird bzw. nicht stattfindet und wobei die thermische Isolierungsschicht mit der Maßgabe eingerichtet ist, dass die Isolierungsschicht einen Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten von λ/d = 15 bis 25 W/m2K, vorzugsweise von λ/d = 20 W/m2K bzw. von etwa λ/d = 20 W/m2K aufweist. - Zur Lösung des technischen Problems lehrt die Erfindung weiter auch einen Transport- und/oder Lagerbehälter nach Patentanspruch 2.To solve the technical problem, the invention teaches a transport and / or storage container for receiving radioactive components, in particular radioactive waste, - with container bottom, container casing and container lid, wherein container inside a γ-shielding jacket is arranged, which γ-shielding jacket preferably made of lead or substantially consists of lead, wherein the γ-shielding jacket is arranged at a distance from the walls of the container and in particular at a distance from the container shell and wherein at least between the container jacket and γ-shielding jacket at least one thermal insulation layer is arranged, wherein the thermal insulation layer the proviso is designed that a heat transfer from the outside of the container to the container inner side is reduced at least insofar as a melting and / or decomposition of the γ-shielding jacket or the material of the γ-shielding jacket is avoided b between not takes place and wherein the thermal insulation layer is arranged with the proviso that the insulation layer has a heat transfer coefficient of λ / d = 15 to 25 W / m 2 K, preferably of λ / d = 20 W / m 2 K or of about λ / d = 20 W / m 2 K. - To solve the technical problem, the invention further teaches a transport and / or storage container according to claim 2.

Statt Transport- und/oder Lagerbehälter wird hier und nachfolgend auch verkürzt der Begriff Behälter benutzt. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass in dem erfindungsgemäßen Behälter radioaktive Komponenten bzw. radioaktive Abfälle transportiert und/oder gelagert werden. Die radioaktiven Komponenten bzw. Abfälle werden hier auch als Behälterinventar bzw. als Inventar des Behälters bezeichnet. Behälterboden, Behältermantel und Behälterdeckel des erfindungsgemäßen Behälters werden hier und nachfolgend auch mit dem Begriff Behälterkomponenten gekennzeichnet. Zweckmäßigerweise ist der Behälter zylinderförmig ausgebildet und vorzugsweise bestehen die Behälterkomponenten aus einem metallischen Material bzw. im Wesentlichen aus einem metallischen Material.Instead of transport and / or storage container is shortened here and below the term container used. It is within the scope of the invention that radioactive components or radioactive waste are transported and / or stored in the container according to the invention. The radioactive components or waste are also referred to here as a container inventory or inventory of the container. Container bottom, container casing and container lid of the container according to the invention are characterized here and below with the term container components. Conveniently, the container is cylindrical in shape and preferably the container components are made of a metallic material or substantially of a metallic material.

Erfindungsgemäß soll insbesondere im Störfall mit hohen Außentemperaturen ein möglichst geringer Wärmeübergang von der Behälteraußenseite zur Behälterinnenseite stattfinden. Der Wärmetransport von außen nach innen soll also deutlich reduziert werden. Dazu wird erfindungsgemäß eine innenliegende thermische Isolierungsschicht realisiert, die bevorzugt am Behältermantel und am Behälterboden, angeordnet ist.According to the invention, the lowest possible heat transfer from the outside of the container to the inside of the container should take place, in particular in the event of a fault with high outside temperatures. The heat transfer from outside to inside should therefore be significantly reduced. For this purpose, according to the invention an internal thermal insulation layer is realized, which is preferably arranged on the container shell and the container bottom.

Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass als Behälterdeckel eine Deckelanordnung mit zumindest einem inneren Deckel und zumindest einem äußeren Deckel vorgesehen ist. Fernerhin liegt es im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass der Behältermantel und/oder der Behälterboden eine Dicke von 100 bis 200 mm, vorzugsweise von 130 bis 190 mm und bevorzugt eine Dicke von 140 bis 180 mm aufweist/aufweisen. Empfohlenermaßen weist der γ-Abschirmungsmantel bzw. der zur γ-Abschirmung vorgesehene Bleimantel maximal eine Dicke von 90 bis 150 mm, bevorzugt von 100 bis 140 mm und besonders bevorzugt von 110 bis 130 mm auf. Die Dicke des γ-Abschirmungsmantels mag beispielsweise 120 mm bzw. in etwa 120 mm betragen.It is within the scope of the invention that a lid arrangement with at least one inner lid and at least one outer lid is provided as the container lid. Furthermore, it is within the scope of the invention for the container casing and / or the container bottom to have a thickness of from 100 to 200 mm, preferably from 130 to 190 mm, and preferably a thickness of from 140 to 180 mm. Empfohlenermaßen, the γ-shielding jacket or provided for γ-shield lead coat has a maximum thickness of 90 to 150 mm, preferably from 100 to 140 mm and more preferably from 110 to 130 mm. The thickness of the γ-shielding jacket may be, for example, 120 mm or approximately 120 mm.

Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass in dem Behälter bzw. in dem Behälterinnenraum des Behälters nicht-wärmeentwickelnde radioaktive Komponenten bzw. Abfälle aufgenommen sind. Es liegt weiterhin im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass keine Brennelemente bzw. abgebrannten Brennelemente im Behälter bzw. im Behälterinnenraum aufgenommen sind.It is within the scope of the invention that in the container or in the container interior of the container non-heat-generating radioactive components or waste are added. It is also within the scope of the invention that no fuel or spent fuel in the container or in the container interior are added.

Nach besonders empfohlener Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die thermische Isolierungsschicht mit der Maßgabe ausgelegt, dass bei einer Außentemperatur von 700°C bis 900°C, insbesondere bei einer Außentemperatur von 800°C bzw. etwa 800°C kein Schmelzen bzw. keine Zersetzung des γ-Abschirmungsmantels bzw. des Materials des γ-Abschirmungsmantels stattfindet. Die thermische Isolierungsschicht ist vor allem mit der Maßgabe ausgelegt, dass bei einem Störfall - vor allem bei einem ausgebrochenen Feuer - bei einer über einen Zeitraum von mindestens eine Stunde einwirkenden Temperatur von 800°C bzw. etwa 800°C kein Schmelzen bzw. keine Zersetzung des γ-Abschirmungsmantels stattfindet. Die erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen werden insbesondere mit der Maßgabe realisiert, dass ein kritischer Druck von 15 bar bzw. etwa 15 bar im Behälterinneren nicht überschritten wird. Es liegt weiterhin im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Temperatur im Behälterinnenraum unter bzw. möglichst deutlich unter dem Schmelzpunkt von Blei bleibt, nämlich unter bzw. deutlich unter 327,5°C.According to a particularly recommended embodiment of the invention, the thermal insulation layer is designed with the proviso that at an ambient temperature of 700 ° C to 900 ° C, especially at an outside temperature of 800 ° C or about 800 ° C no melting or decomposition of the γ Abschirmungsmantels or the material of the γ-Abschirmungsmantels takes place. The thermal insulation layer is designed primarily with the proviso that in case of failure - especially in a broken fire - at a temperature of at least one hour acting temperature of 800 ° C or about 800 ° C no melting or no decomposition of the γ shielding shell takes place. The measures according to the invention are realized in particular with the proviso that a critical pressure of 15 bar or about 15 bar in the container interior is not exceeded. It is also within the scope of the invention that the temperature in the container interior remains below or below the melting point of lead as much as possible, namely below or significantly below 327.5 ° C.

Nach einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die thermische Isolierungsschicht mit der Maßgabe eingerichtet, dass Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient von der Behälteraußenseite zur Behälterinnenseite λ/d = 15 bis 25 W/m2K beträgt. d ist dabei die Dicke bzw. die radiale Dicke der Isolierschicht.According to one embodiment of the invention, the thermal insulation layer is arranged with the proviso that the heat transfer coefficient from the container outer side to the container inner side is λ / d = 15 to 25 W / m 2 K. d is the thickness or the radial thickness of the insulating layer.

Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die erfindungsgemäße thermische Isolierungsschicht zwischen allen Behälterkomponenten und dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel angeordnet ist. Vorzugsweise ist die thermische Isolierungsschicht zumindest zwischen Behältermantel und γ-Abschirmungsmantel und zwischen Behälterboden und γ-Abschirmungsmantel angeordnet. Dann gelten die zur Isolierung am Behältermantel genannten Merkmale und Maßnahmen zweckmäßigerweise auch für die Isolierung an den übrigen Behälterkomponenten. - Der γ-Abschirmungsmantel schließt im Übrigen bevorzugt den Innenraum zur Aufnahme der radioaktiven Komponenten bzw. zur Aufnahme der radioaktiven Abfälle vollständig ein bzw. quasi vollständig ein.It is within the scope of the invention that the thermal insulation layer according to the invention is arranged between all container components and the γ-shielding jacket. Preferably, the thermal insulation layer is arranged at least between the container casing and the γ-shielding casing and between the container bottom and the γ-shielding casing. Then the features and measures mentioned for the insulation on the container shell expediently also apply to the insulation of the other container components. Incidentally, the γ-shielding jacket preferably completely encloses or virtually completely encloses the interior space for accommodating the radioactive components or for receiving the radioactive waste.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung beträgt die Dicke bzw. die radiale Dicke der thermischen Isolierungsschicht weniger als 50 mm, bevorzugt weniger als 45 mm, sehr bevorzugt weniger als 40 mm und besonders bevorzugt weniger als 35 mm. Die Dicke bzw. die radiale Dicke der thermischen Isolierungsschicht entspricht vorzugsweise dem Abstand bzw. dem radialen Abstand zwischen den Behälterkomponenten und dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel. Zweckmäßigerweise beträgt die Dicke bzw. die radiale Dicke der thermischen Isolierungsschicht mindestens 4 mm, bevorzugt mindestens 5 mm und besonders bevorzugt mindestens 6 mm.According to one embodiment of the invention, the thickness or the radial thickness of the thermal insulation layer is less than 50 mm, preferably less than 45 mm, very preferably less than 40 mm and particularly preferably less than 35 mm. The thickness or the radial thickness of the thermal insulation layer preferably corresponds to the distance or the radial distance between the container components and the γ-shielding jacket. Advantageously, the thickness or the radial thickness of the thermal insulation layer is at least 4 mm, preferably at least 5 mm and particularly preferably at least 6 mm.

Es wurde bereits oben darauf hingewiesen, dass mit dem Begriff Behälterkomponenten der Behältermantel, der Behälterboden und der Behälterdeckel gemeint sind. Es empfiehlt sich, dass zwischen den Behälterkomponenten und dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel bzw. zwischen dem Behältermantel und/oder zwischen dem Behälterboden und/oder zwischen dem Behälterdeckel und dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel eine Mehrzahl von dem Abstand zwischen Behälterkomponente und γ-Abschirmungsmantel gewährleistenden Abstandshaltern angeordnet ist. Zweckmäßigerweise ist im Abstandsspalt zwischen der Behälterkomponente bzw. zwischen den Behälterkomponenten und dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel in den Bereichen zwischen den Abstandshaltern zumindest ein thermisches Isolierungsmaterial und/oder zumindest ein thermischer Isolierungsraum angeordnet. Die Begriffe thermisches Isolierungsmaterial und thermischer Isolierungsraum werden weiter unten erläutert. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass zwischen dem Behältermantel und dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel und/oder zwischen dem Behälterboden und dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel und/oder zwischen dem Behälterdeckel bzw. der Behälterdeckelanordnung und dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel jeweils eine Mehrzahl bzw. eine Vielzahl von Abstandshaltern vorgesehen sind. Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Abstandshalter dabei über den Abstandsspalt zwischen der Behälterkomponente und dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel verteilt angeordnet, bevorzugt gleichmäßig verteilt angeordnet.It has already been pointed out above that the term container components means the container casing, the container bottom and the container lid. It is recommended that between the container components and the γ-shielding shell or between the container shell and / or between the container bottom and / or between the container lid and the γ-Abschirmungsmantel a plurality of the distance between the container component and γ-shielding shell ensuring spacers is arranged. Expediently, at least one thermal insulation material and / or at least one thermal insulation space is arranged in the gap between the container component or between the container components and the γ shielding jacket in the areas between the spacers. The terms thermal insulation material and thermal insulation space will be explained below. It is within the scope of the invention that between the container casing and the γ-shielding jacket and / or between the container bottom and the γ-shielding jacket and / or between the container lid or the container lid assembly and the γ-shielding jacket each have a plurality or a plurality of Spacers are provided. Expediently, the spacers are distributed over the gap between the container component and the γ-shielding jacket, preferably evenly distributed.

Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Abstandshalter an zumindest ein flächiges Abstandselement angeschlossen sind und dass die Abstandshalter aus diesem flächigen Abstandselement vorkragen, vorzugsweise in Richtung des γ-Abschirmungsmantels vorkragen und bevorzugt an dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel anliegen. Es liegt weiterhin im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Abstandshalter Bestandteile des flächigen Abstandselementes sind und zweckmäßigerweise aus dem gleichen Material wie das flächige Abstandselement bestehen bzw. im Wesentlichen aus dem gleichen Material wie das flächige Abstandselement bestehen. Eine Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Realisierung des Abstandes zwischen der Behälterkomponente bzw. zwischen den Behälterkomponenten und dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel eine Mehrzahl von flächigen Abstandselementen bzw. eine Mehrzahl von aneinander angrenzenden bzw. anschließenden flächigen Abstandselementen eingesetzt wird. So kann sich beispielsweise ein flächiges Abstandselement über die Hälfte des Abstandsraumes zwischen Behältermantel und γ-Abschirmungsmantel erstrecken und ein zweites flächiges Abstandselement über die zweite Hälfte des Abstandsraumes zwischen dem Behältermantel und dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel erstrecken.It is within the scope of the invention that the spacers are connected to at least one planar spacer element and that the spacers protrude from this planar spacer element, preferably protrude in the direction of the γ-shielding jacket and preferably rest against the γ-shielding jacket. It is also within the scope of the invention that the spacers are components of the planar spacer element and expediently consist of the same material as the planar spacer element or consist essentially of the same material as the planar spacer element. A variant of the invention is characterized in that for the realization of the distance between the container component or between the container components and the γ-shielding jacket, a plurality of planar spacer elements or a plurality of adjoining or subsequent planar Distance elements is used. Thus, for example, a flat spacer element can extend over half the distance space between the container jacket and the γ shielding jacket, and a second planar spacer element can extend over the second half of the spacer space between the container jacket and the γ shielding jacket.

Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das flächige Abstandselement zumindest bereichsweise an der Innenseite bzw. an der Innenoberfläche zumindest einer Behälterkomponente (Behältermantel und/oder Behälterboden und/oder Behälterdeckel) anliegt bzw. flächig anliegt. Fernerhin liegt es im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Abstandshalter aus dem flächigen Abstandselement bzw. aus den flächigen Abstandselementen in Richtung γ-Abschirmungsmantel vorkragen und vorzugsweise an dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel anliegen.A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the planar spacer at least partially on the inside or on the inner surface of at least one container component (container casing and / or container bottom and / or container lid) rests or rests flat. Furthermore, it is within the scope of the invention that the spacers protrude from the flat spacer element or from the flat spacer elements in the direction of the γ shielding jacket and preferably rest against the γ shielding jacket.

Empfohlenermaßen handelt es sich bei dem flächigen Abstandselement um ein Abstandsblech bzw. Metallblech und bevorzugt sind die Abstandshalter aus diesem Abstandsblech bzw. Metallblech ausgestanzt bzw. ausgebogen. Bei dem Metallblech handelt es sich vorzugsweise um ein Metallblech aus Edelstahl bzw. aus rostfreiem Edelstahl. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Abstandshalter als Profilierungen des Abstandsbleches bzw. Metallbleches ausgebildet sind. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei den Abstandshaltern um ausgestanzte Noppen. Nach einer empfohlenen Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind die Abstandshalter bzw. Noppen pyramidenförmig oder pyramidenstumpfförmig ausgebildet. Gemäß einer Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung sind die Abstandshalter bzw. Noppen in zumindest einer Ausbildung aus der Gruppe "prismaförmig, kegelförmig, halbkugelförmig, kugelabschnittsförmig, zylinderförmig, quaderförmig, linsenförmig" realisiert. Grundsätzlich können die Abstandshalter auch in Form von Wellen ausgeführt sein und das Abstandsblech bzw. Metallblech ist dann bevorzugt als Wellblech ausgebildet. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die Dicke des Abstandsbleches bzw. Metallbleches möglichst gering gewählt wird. Die Dicke des Abstandsbleches bzw. Metallbleches beträgt nach bevorzugter Ausführungsform der Erfindung 0,3 bis 2,5 mm, bevorzugt 0,4 bis 1,5 mm. Wie oben bereits angedeutet, kann nach einer bewährten Ausführungsform der Erfindung auch eine Mehrzahl von Abstandsblechen bzw. Metallblechen aneinander angrenzen bzw. nebeneinander angeordnet sein.Empfohlenermaßen it is in the planar spacer to a spacer plate or metal sheet and preferably the spacers are punched or bent out of this spacer plate or metal sheet. The metal sheet is preferably a metal sheet made of stainless steel or of stainless steel. It is within the scope of the invention that the spacers are formed as profiles of the spacer plate or metal sheet. Preferably, the spacers are punched nubs. According to a recommended embodiment of the invention, the spacers or nubs are formed pyramid-shaped or truncated pyramid. According to one embodiment variant of the invention, the spacers or nubs are realized in at least one embodiment from the group "prism-shaped, conical, hemispherical, spherical segment-shaped, cylindrical, parallelepiped-shaped, lenticular". In principle, the spacers can also be designed in the form of shafts and the spacer plate or sheet metal is then preferably formed as a corrugated sheet. It is within the scope of the invention that the thickness of the spacer plate or metal sheet is selected as small as possible. The thickness of the spacer sheet or metal sheet according to a preferred embodiment of the invention 0.3 to 2.5 mm, preferably 0.4 to 1.5 mm. As already indicated above, according to a proven embodiment of the invention, a plurality of spacer plates or metal sheets may adjoin one another or be arranged next to one another.

Eine empfohlene Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abstandshalter - insbesondere mit ihren Abstandshalterspitzen bzw. mit ihren Abstandshaltermaxima - an dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel anliegen. Vorzugsweise beträgt das Verhältnis der gesamten Abstützfläche der Abstandshalter zur übrigen Fläche des flächigen Abstandselementes bzw. der flächigen Abstandselemente maximal 1:10, bevorzugt maximal 0,5:10 und besonders bevorzugt maximal 0,25:10. Die einzelnen Abstützflächen der Abstandshalter werden dabei zu der gesamten Abstützfläche der Abstandshalter addiert. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass die vorstehend angegebenen bevorzugten Flächenverhältnisse auch separat für das zumindest eine zwischen dem Behältermantel und dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel angeordnete Abstandselement und/oder für das zumindest eine zwischen dem Behälterboden und dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel angeordnete Abstandselement und/oder für das zumindest eine zwischen Behälterdeckel und γ-Abschirmungsmantel angeordnete Abstandselement gelten.A recommended embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the spacers rest against the γ-shielding jacket, in particular with their spacer tips or with their spacer maxima. Preferably, the ratio of the total support surface of the spacers to the remaining surface of the planar spacer element or the planar spacer elements is at most 1:10, preferably at most 0.5: 10 and particularly preferably at most 0.25: 10. The individual support surfaces of the spacers are added to the entire support surface of the spacers. It is within the scope of the invention that the preferred area ratios given above also separately for the at least one disposed between the container casing and the γ-shielding sheath spacer and / or for at least one arranged between the container bottom and the γ-shielding sheath spacer element and / or for the at least one arranged between the container lid and γ shielding sheath spacer apply.

Es wurde weiter oben darauf hingewiesen, dass zwischen den Abstandshaltern und im Bereich zwischen der jeweiligen Behälterkomponente bzw. zwischen den Behälterkomponenten und dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel zumindest ein thermischer Isolierungsraum und/oder zumindest ein thermisches Isolierungsmaterial angeordnet ist. Vorzugsweise besteht das thermische Isolierungsmaterial zwischen den Abstandshaltern - und zwischen den Behälterkomponenten und dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel - aus einem Gas bzw. im Wesentlichen aus einem Gas und vorzugsweise aus Luft bzw. im Wesentlichen aus Luft. Grundsätzlich könnte in den Bereichen zwischen den Abstandshaltern auch ein Vakuum bzw. quasi ein Vakuum als thermischer Isolierungsraum angeordnet sein.It has been pointed out above that between the spacers and in the region between the respective container component or between the container components and the γ-shielding jacket at least one thermal insulation space and / or at least one thermal insulation material is arranged. Preferably, the thermal insulation material between the spacers - and between the container components and the γ-shielding jacket - consists of a gas or substantially of a gas and preferably of air or substantially of air. In principle, a vacuum or, as it were, a vacuum could also be arranged as a thermal insulation space in the areas between the spacers.

Nach einer alternativen Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht die thermische Isolierungsschicht zwischen einer Behälterkomponente bzw. zwischen den Behälterkomponenten und dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel aus einem festen thermischen Isolierungsmaterial, das bevorzugt zumindest 50% des Volumens zwischen der Behälterkomponente bzw. zwischen den Behälterkomponenten und dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel ausfüllt. Gemäß einer besonders empfohlenen Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung besteht das thermische Isolierungsmaterial zwischen der Behälterkomponente bzw. zwischen den Behälterkomponenten und dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel aus zumindest einem Fasermaterial bzw. im Wesentlichen aus zumindest einem Fasermaterial. Grundsätzlich könnte dieses thermische Isolierungsmaterial bzw. das Fasermaterial auch mit den oben beschriebenen flächigen Abstandselementen bzw. Abstandsblechen kombiniert werden. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, dass zwischen den Fasern des Fasermaterials gasgefüllte bzw. luftgefüllte Zwischenräume bzw. Lücken vorhanden sind. Nach einer bewährten Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung besteht das thermische Isolierungsmaterial aus Faserzementplatten oder dergleichen Material bzw. im Wesentlichen aus Faserzementplatten oder dergleichen Material. Das thermische Isolierungsmaterial könnte auch aus Glasfasern, Naturfasern oder dergleichen bestehen. Bei dieser alternativen Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist das Fasermaterial bzw. weisen die Faserzementplatten eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit von 0,3 bis 0,5 W/mK, bevorzugt von 0,35 bis 0,45 W/mK und besonders bevorzugt von 0,4 W/mK bzw. von etwa 0,4 W/mK auf. Zweckmäßigerweise beträgt die Dichte des thermischen Isolierungsmaterials bzw. die Dichte des Fasermaterials/der Faserzementplatten 1200 bis 2000 kg/m3 und bevorzugt 1400 bis 1800 kg/m3.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the thermal insulation layer between a container component and the γ-shielding jacket consists of a solid thermal insulation material which preferably fills at least 50% of the volume between the container component and the γ-shielding jacket , According to a particularly recommended embodiment variant of the invention, the thermal insulation material between the container component or between the container components and the γ-shielding jacket consists of at least one fiber material or essentially of at least one fiber material. In principle, this thermal insulating material or the fiber material could also be combined with the above-described two-dimensional spacer elements or spacer plates. It is within the scope of the invention that between the fibers of the fiber material gas-filled or air-filled spaces or gaps are present. According to a proven embodiment of the invention, the thermal insulation material of fiber cement boards or the like material or substantially of fiber cement boards or the like material. The thermal insulation material could also consist of glass fibers, natural fibers or the like. In this alternative embodiment of the invention, the fiber material or the fiber cement plates have a thermal conductivity of 0.3 to 0.5 W / mK, preferably from 0.35 to 0.45 W / mK and more preferably from 0.4 W / mK or from about 0.4 W / mK. Conveniently, the density of the thermal insulation material or the density of the fiber material / fiber cement plates is 1200 to 2000 kg / m 3 and preferably 1400 to 1800 kg / m 3 .

Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Transport - und/oder Lagerbehälter bzw. mit den erfindungsgemäßen Isolierungsmaßnahmen der Wärmeübergang von der Behälteraußenseite zur Behälterinnenseite bzw. zum Behälterinnenraum hin deutlich vermindert werden kann. Insbesondere bei einem Störfall, wie einem äußeren Feuer oder dergleichen kann durch die erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen die Temperatur an der Behälterinnenseite bzw. im Behälterinnenraum auf einen bestimmten unbedenklichen Grenzwert reduziert werden. Damit können das Behälterinventar und/oder die Behältereinbauten vor unzulässig hohen Temperaturen geschützt werden. Insbesondere kann im Rahmen der Erfindung vermieden werden, dass ein aus Blei bestehender γ-Abschirmungsmantel aufgrund hoher Außentemperaturen schmilzt und somit in nachteilhafterweise die Abschirmung nicht mehr gewährleistet ist. Hervorzuheben ist auch, dass die erfindungsgemäße Isolierung bzw. thermische Isolierung mit relativ einfachen, wenig aufwendigen und kostengünstigen Maßnahmen realisiert werden kann. Die erfindungsgemäß verwirklichte thermische Isolierungsschicht kann gleichzeitig auch als Stützkonstruktion zwischen Behälterkomponenten und γ-Abschirmungsmantel dienen.The invention is based on the finding that, with the transport and / or storage container according to the invention or with the insulation measures according to the invention, the heat transfer from the outside of the container to the inside of the container or to the inside of the container can be significantly reduced. In particular, in the event of an accident, such as an external fire or the like, the temperature on the inside of the container or in the container interior can be reduced to a certain harmless limit value by the measures according to the invention. In this way, the container inventory and / or the vessel installations can be protected from unacceptably high temperatures. In particular, it can be avoided within the scope of the invention that a γ-shielding jacket consisting of lead melts due to high outside temperatures, and thus disadvantageously the shielding is no longer guaranteed. It should also be emphasized that the isolation or thermal insulation according to the invention can be implemented with relatively simple, inexpensive and cost-effective measures. The thermal insulation layer realized according to the invention can at the same time also serve as a support structure between container components and γ-shielding jacket.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand einer lediglich ein Ausführungsbeispiel darstellenden Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen in schematischer Darstellung:

Fig. 1
einen Schnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Transport- und/oder Lagerbehälter und
Fig. 2
eine perspektivische Ansicht eines zwischen den Behälterkomponenten und dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel angeordneten erfindungsgemäßen Abstandsbleches bzw. Metallbleches.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing showing only one exemplary embodiment. In a schematic representation:
Fig. 1
a section through a transport and / or storage container according to the invention and
Fig. 2
a perspective view of an arranged between the container components and the γ-shielding shroud according to the invention spacer sheet or metal sheet.

Die Figuren zeigen einen erfindungsgemäßen Transport- und/oder Lagerbehälter zur Aufnahme von nicht dargestellten radioaktiven Komponenten, insbesondere von radioaktiven Abfällen. Der Behälter weist einen Behälterboden 1, einen Behältermantel 2 sowie eine Behälterdeckelanordnung mit einem inneren Behälterdeckel 3 sowie mit einem äußeren Behälterdeckel 4 auf. Behälterboden 1, Behältermantel 2 und die Behälterdeckel 3, 4 sind zweckmäßigerweise und im Ausführungsbeispiel aus metallischem Material gefertigt. Behälterinnenseitig ist ein γ-Abschirmungsmantel 5 angeordnet, der in bekannter Weise zur Abschirmung von γ-Strahlen aus dem Behälterinneren dient. Vorzugsweise und im Ausführungsbeispiel weist der γ-Abschirmungsmantel 5 eine Bodenkomponente 6, eine Mantelkomponente 7 sowie eine Deckelkomponente 8 auf. Der γ-Abschirmungsmantel bzw. die Bodenkomponente 6, die Mantelkomponente 7 und die Deckelkomponente 8 des γ-Abschirmungsmantels 5 schließen den Behälterinnenraum 9 ein, in dem die radioaktiven Komponenten, insbesondere die radioaktiven Abfällen aufgenommen sind. Die Komponenten bzw. Außenkomponenten des Behälters, d. h. der Behälterboden 1, der Behältermantel 2 und die Deckelanordnung 3, 4 werden auch kurz als Behälterkomponenten bezeichnet.The figures show a transport and / or storage container according to the invention for receiving not shown radioactive components, in particular of radioactive waste. The container has a container bottom 1, a container casing 2 and a container lid arrangement with an inner container lid 3 and with an outer container lid 4. Container bottom 1, container casing 2 and the container lid 3, 4 are expediently and in the exemplary embodiment made of metallic material. On the inside of the container, a γ-shielding jacket 5 is arranged, which in a known manner serves for shielding γ-rays from the interior of the container. Preferably, and in the exemplary embodiment, the γ-shielding jacket 5 has a bottom component 6, a jacket component 7 and a cover component 8. The γ-shielding jacket or the bottom component 6, the jacket component 7 and the cover component 8 of the γ-shielding jacket 5 enclose the container interior 9, in which the radioactive components, in particular the radioactive wastes, are accommodated. The components or external components of the container, d. H. the container bottom 1, the container casing 2 and the lid assembly 3, 4 are also referred to briefly as container components.

Erfindungsgemäß ist der γ-Abschirmungsmantel 5 mit Abstand zu den Behälterkomponenten 1, 2 und 3 angeordnet, so dass sich zwischen γ-Abschirmungsmantel 5 und den Behälterkomponenten 1, 2, 3 ein Abstandsspalt 10 befindet. In dem Abstandsspalt 10 zwischen γ-Abschirmungsmantel 5 und Behälterboden 1 einerseits und Behältermantel 2 andererseits ist bevorzugt und im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 eine erfindungsgemäße thermische Isolierungsschicht 11 angeordnet. Diese thermische Isolierungsschicht 11 ist mit der Maßgabe ausgelegt, dass eine Wärmeübertragung von der Außenseite des Behälters zur Behälterinnenseite zumindest insoweit reduziert wird, dass ein Schmelzen des γ-Abschirmungsmantels 5 aus Blei vermieden wird. Erfindungsgemäß soll also ein möglichst geringer Wärmeübergang von der Behälteraußenseite zur Behälterinnenseite bzw. zum Behälterinnenraum 9 stattfinden. Der Behältermantel 2 und der Behälterboden 1 mögen im Ausführungsbeispiel eine Dicke von 160 mm aufweisen. Die Dicke des γ-Abschirmungsmantels 5 aus Blei beträgt im Ausführungsbeispiel 120 mm.According to the invention, the γ-shielding jacket 5 is arranged at a distance from the container components 1, 2 and 3, so that there is a clearance gap between the γ-shielding jacket 5 and the container components 1, 2, 3 10 is located. In the distance gap 10 between γ-shielding jacket 5 and container bottom 1 on the one hand and container shell 2 on the other hand is preferred and in the embodiment according to Fig. 1 a thermal insulation layer 11 according to the invention arranged. This thermal insulation layer 11 is designed with the proviso that a heat transfer from the outside of the container to the container inner side is reduced at least to the extent that a melting of the lead γ-shielding jacket 5 is avoided. According to the invention, therefore, the lowest possible heat transfer from the outside of the container to the inside of the container or to the container interior 9 should take place. The container casing 2 and the container bottom 1 may have a thickness of 160 mm in the exemplary embodiment. The thickness of the γ shielding jacket 5 made of lead in the exemplary embodiment is 120 mm.

Vorzugsweise und im Ausführungsbeispiel ist die thermische Isolierungsschicht 11 mit der Maßgabe ausgelegt, dass in einem Störfall bei Einwirkung einer Außentemperatur von 800°C bzw. von etwa 800°C über einen Zeitraum von zumindest einer Stunde kein Schmelzen des γ-Abschirmungsmantels 5 aus Blei stattfindet. Dabei ist der Schmelzpunkt des Bleis bei Normalbedingungen in Höhe von 327,5°C zu berücksichtigen.Preferably and in the exemplary embodiment, the thermal insulation layer 11 is designed with the proviso that no melting of the γ-shielding jacket 5 made of lead occurs in an accident when exposed to an outside temperature of 800 ° C or about 800 ° C over a period of at least one hour , In this case, the melting point of the lead under normal conditions in the amount of 327.5 ° C is taken into account.

Empfohlenermaßen und im Ausführungsbeispiel beträgt der Abstand a zwischen den Behälterkomponenten 1 und 2 und dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel 5 weniger als 40 mm und bevorzugt deutlich weniger als 40 mm. Im Ausführungsbeispiel mag der Abstand a 20 mm betragen. Bevorzugt und im Ausführungsbeispiel beträgt dieser Abstand a zwischen den Behälterkomponenten 1, 2, 3 und dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel 5 mindestens 3 mm, bevorzugt mindestens 5 mm.Empfohlenermaßen and in the embodiment, the distance a between the container components 1 and 2 and the γ-shielding jacket 5 is less than 40 mm and preferably significantly less than 40 mm. In the embodiment, the distance may be a 20 mm. Preferably and in the exemplary embodiment, this distance a between the container components 1, 2, 3 and the γ-shielding jacket 5 is at least 3 mm, preferably at least 5 mm.

Nach bewährter Ausführungsform und im Ausführungsbeispiel ist zwischen den Behälterkomponenten 1, 2, 3 und dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel 5 eine Mehrzahl von den Abstand a gewährleistenden Abstandshaltern 12 angeordnet. Die Abstandshalter 12 sind bevorzugt und im Ausführungsbeispiel Bestandteil eines flächigen Abstandselementes in Form eines Metallbleches 13 aus Edelstahl. Dabei sind die Abstandshalter 12 vorzugsweise und im Ausführungsbeispiel in Form von Noppen aus dem Metallblech 13 ausgestanzt. Hierzu ist insbesondere auf die Fig. 2 zu verweisen. Bevorzugt und im Ausführungsbeispiel liegt das Metallblech 13 an der Innenseite bzw. Innenoberfläche der Behälterkomponenten 1 und 2 an und die Abstandshalter 12 bzw. Noppen kragen aus dem Metallblech 13 in Richtung des γ-Abschirmungsbehälters 5 vor und liegen mit ihren Spitzen an dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel 5 an (Fig. 1). In den Bereichen zwischen den Abstandshaltern 12 bzw. Noppen befinden sich zur thermischen Isolierung bevorzugt und im Ausführungsbeispiel luftgefüllte Zwischenräume. Hier ist also Luft als thermisches Isolierungsmaterial zwischen den Abstandshaltern 12 angeordnet.According to the proven embodiment and in the embodiment, a plurality of spacers 12 ensuring the spacing a is arranged between the container components 1, 2, 3 and the γ-shielding jacket 5. The spacers 12 are preferred and in the embodiment part of a flat spacer element in the form of a metal sheet 13 made of stainless steel. In this case, the spacers 12 are preferably and in the exemplary embodiment punched out of the metal sheet 13 in the form of knobs. This is in particular on the Fig. 2 to refer. Preferably, and in the embodiment, the metal sheet 13 is on the inside or inner surface of the container components 1 and 2 and the spacers 12 or studs collar of the metal sheet 13 in the direction of the γ-shielding container 5 and lie with their tips on the γ-shielding jacket 5 ( Fig. 1 ). In the areas between the spacers 12 and knobs are preferred for thermal insulation and in the embodiment, air-filled spaces. Here, therefore, air is arranged as a thermal insulation material between the spacers 12.

Bevorzugt können in in den Figuren nicht näher dargestellter Weise eine Mehrzahl von flächigen Abstandselementen bzw. Metallblechen 13 kombiniert werden bzw. aneinander anschließen. So können beispielsweise in dem Abstandsspalt 10 zwischen dem Behältermantel 2 und dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel 5 bei zylinderförmiger Ausbildung des Behälters zwei im Querschnitt halbkreisförmig ausgebildete Metallbleche 13 kombiniert werden. Auch zwischen Behälterboden 1 und γ-Abschirmungsmantel 5 können separate Metallbleche 13 bzw. zumindest ein separates Metallblech 13 vorgesehen werden. - In der Fig. 1 ist erkennbar, dass die pyramidenförmigen Abstandshalter 12 mit ihren Pyramidenspitzen an dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel 5 anliegen bzw. sich an dem γ-Abschirmungsmantel 5 abstützen. Die gesamte Abstützfläche dieser Abstandshalter 12 ist gering gegenüber der übrigen Fläche des Metallbleches 3. Bevorzugt und im Ausführungsbeispiel beträgt die übrige Fläche des Metallbleches 13 im Vergleich zu der gesamten Abstützfläche zumindest das zehnfache, vorzugsweise zumindest das zwanzigfache.Preferably, in a manner not shown in greater detail in the figures, a multiplicity of flat spacer elements or metal sheets 13 can be combined or connected to one another. Thus, for example, in the spacer gap 10 between the container jacket 2 and the γ shielding jacket 5, two cylindrical metal sheets 13 of semicircular cross-section may be combined in the case of a cylindrical design of the container. Also between container bottom 1 and γ-shielding jacket 5 separate metal sheets 13 and at least one separate metal sheet 13 may be provided. - In the Fig. 1 can be seen that the pyramidal spacers 12 abut with their pyramid tips on the γ-shielding jacket 5 and are supported on the γ-shielding jacket 5. The entire support surface of these spacers 12 is small compared to the rest of the surface Preferably, and in the exemplary embodiment, the remaining area of the metal sheet 13 is at least ten times, preferably at least twenty times, compared to the total support surface.

Claims (13)

  1. A transport and/or storage container for accommodating radioactive components, particularly radioactive wastes, with a container base (1), container jacket (2) and container lid (3, 4), wherein a γ-shielding jacket (5) is arranged on the inside of the container, which γ-shielding jacket (5) preferably consists of lead or essentially consists of lead, wherein the γ-shielding jacket (5) is arranged at a distance at least from the container jacket (2) and wherein at least one thermal insulation layer (11) is arranged at least between container jacket (2) and γ-shielding jacket (5), wherein the thermal insulation layer (11) is designed with the stipulation that heat transfer from the outside of the container to the container inside is at least reduced to the extent that melting and/or decomposition of the γ-shielding jacket (5) or the material of the γ-shielding jacket (5) is prevented and wherein the thermal insulation layer (11) is set up with the stipulation that the insulation layer (11) has a heat-transfer coefficient of λ/d = 15 to 25 W/m2K, preferably of λ/d = 20 W/m2K or of approximately λ/d = 20 W/m2K.
  2. A transport and/or storage container for accommodating radioactive components, particularly radioactive wastes, with a container base (1), container jacket (2) and container lid (3, 4), wherein a γ-shielding jacket (5) is arranged on the inside of the container, which γ-shielding jacket (5) preferably consists of lead or essentially consists of lead, wherein the γ-shielding jacket (5) is arranged at a distance at least from the container jacket (2) and wherein at least one thermal insulation layer (11) is arranged at least between container jacket (2) and γ-shielding jacket (5), wherein the thermal insulation layer (11) is designed with the stipulation that heat transfer from the outside of the container to the container inside is at least reduced to the extent that melting and/or decomposition of the γ-shielding jacket (5) or the material of the γ-shielding jacket (5) is prevented and wherein the thickness or the radial thickness of the thermal insulation layer (11) is less than 50 mm, preferably less than 45 mm and particularly preferably less than 40 mm.
  3. The transport and/or storage container according to one of Claims 1 or 2, wherein the thermal insulation layer (11) is designed with the stipulation that no melting and no decomposition of the γ-shielding jacket (5) or the material of the γ-shielding jacket (5) takes place at an external temperature of 700°C to 900°C, particularly at an external temperature of 800°C or approximately 800°C.
  4. The transport and/or storage container according to one of Claims 1 or 3, wherein the thermal insulation layer (11) is arranged between container base (1) and γ-shielding jacket (5) and/or between container lid (3) and γ-shielding jacket (5).
  5. The transport and/or storage container according to one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein a plurality of spacers (12) guaranteeing the spacing a between the container component (1, 2, 3) or the container components (1, 2, 3) and the γ-shielding jacket (5) is arranged between the container jacket (2) and/or between the container base (1) and/or between the container lid (3) and the γ-shielding jacket (5) and wherein at least one thermal insulation space and/or at least one thermal insulation material is arranged in the areas between the spacers (12).
  6. The transport and/or storage container according to Claim 5, wherein the spacers (12) are connected to at least one planar spacing element and protrude from the planar spacing element, particularly in the direction of the γ-shielding jacket (5) and preferably bear against the γ-shielding jacket (5).
  7. The transport and/or storage container according to one of Claims 5 or 6, wherein the planar spacing element bears against the inside or against the internal surface of at least one container component (container jacket (2) and/or container base (1) and/or container lid (3)) at least in certain areas and wherein the spacers (12) protrude out of the planar spacing element in the direction of the γ-shielding jacket (5) and preferably bear against the γ-shielding jacket (5).
  8. The transport and/or storage container according to one of Claims 6 or 7, wherein the planar spacing element is a spacing plate or metal plate (13) and wherein the spacers (12) are stamped or bent out of the metal plate (13).
  9. The transport and/or storage container according to one of Claims 6 to 8, wherein the spacers (12) bear - particularly by means of spacer tips or by means of spacer maxima - against the γ-shielding jacket (5) and wherein the ratio of the total support area of the spacers (12) to the remaining area of the planar spacing element is at most 1:10, preferably at most 0.5:10 and particularly preferably at most 0.25:10.
  10. The transport and/or storage container according to one of Claims 5 to 9, wherein the thermal insulation material between the spacers (12) consists of a gas or essentially of a gas and preferably of air or essentially of air.
  11. The transport and/or storage container according to one of Claims 1 to 10, wherein the thermal insulation material between the container jacket (2) and the γ-shielding jacket (5) or between the container components (1, 2, 3) and the γ-shielding jacket (5) consists of at least one fibre material or essentially consists of at least one fibre material.
  12. The transport and/or storage container according to Claim 11, wherein the thermal insulation material consists of fibre-cement plates or similar material or essentially of fibre-cement plates or similar material.
  13. The transport and/or storage container according to one of Claims 11 or 12, wherein the fibre material has or the fibre-cement plates have a thermal conductivity of 0.3 to 0.5 W/mK and/or a density of 1400 to 1800 kg/m3.
EP13176522.4A 2013-07-15 2013-07-15 Transport and/or storage container Not-in-force EP2827336B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13176522.4A EP2827336B1 (en) 2013-07-15 2013-07-15 Transport and/or storage container
ES13176522.4T ES2556904T3 (en) 2013-07-15 2013-07-15 Transport and / or storage container

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13176522.4A EP2827336B1 (en) 2013-07-15 2013-07-15 Transport and/or storage container

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EP2827336A1 EP2827336A1 (en) 2015-01-21
EP2827336B1 true EP2827336B1 (en) 2015-10-28

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ES (1) ES2556904T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
LT3062313T (en) * 2015-02-26 2017-03-10 GNS Gesellschaft für Nuklear-Service mbH Container for storing radioactive inventory and method for producing the container
CN113223742B (en) * 2021-04-19 2022-09-23 中广核工程有限公司 Radiation shielding and insulating device
US20240087765A1 (en) * 2022-09-13 2024-03-14 Holtec International System for transporting radioactove materials

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1438241A (en) * 1964-10-21 1966-05-13 Lyonnaise De Plomberie Ind Soc Improvements to caissons or châteaux for the transport of radioactive materials and the like
GB1250852A (en) * 1969-07-26 1971-10-20
DE3620737C1 (en) * 1986-06-20 1987-10-01 Wiederaufarbeitung Von Kernbre Double container system for the transport and storage of radioactive substances
US7973298B2 (en) * 2007-10-10 2011-07-05 Kobe Steel, Ltd. Transport/storage cask for radioactive material

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ES2556904T3 (en) 2016-01-20

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