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Gyratory crusher outer crushing shell
EP2774680A1
European Patent Office
- Other languages
German French - Inventor
Andreas Christoffersson Mikael Lindberg Jonny Hansson Torbjörn NILSSON-WULFF - Current Assignee
- Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
Worldwide applications
2014
EP
Application EP14155672.0A events
2013-03-08
2014-02-19
2014-09-10
2016-02-17
Application granted
2016-02-17
Status
Active
2034-02-19
Anticipated expiration
Description
translated from
-
[0001] The present invention relates to a gyratory crusher outer crushing shell and in particular, although not exclusively, to a crushing shell having a radially inward projecting shoulder positioned axially intermediate between an upper inlet region and a lower crushing region, the inlet, shoulder and crushing region being optimised to increase the capacity and reduction effect of the crusher. -
[0002] Gyratory crushers are used for crushing ore, mineral and rock material to smaller sizes. The crusher comprises a crushing head mounted upon an elongate main shaft. A first crushing shell (typically referred to as a mantle) is mounted on the crushing head and a second crushing shell (typically referred to as a concave) is mounted on a frame such that the first and second crushing shells define together a crushing chamber through which the material to be crushed is passed. A driving device positioned at a lower region of the main shaft is configured to rotate an eccentric assembly positioned about the shaft to cause the crushing head to perform a gyratory pendulum movement and crush the material introduced in the crushing chamber. Example gyratory crushers are described inWO 2004/110626 ;WO 2008/140375 ,WO 2010/123431 ,US 2009/0008489 ,GB 1570015 US 6,536,693 ,JP 2004-136252 US 1,791,584 andWO 2012/005651 . -
[0003] Gyratory crushers (encompassing cone crushers) are typically designed to maximise crushing efficiency that represents a compromise between crushing capacity (the throughput of material to be crushed) and crushing reduction (the breakdown of material to smaller sizes). This is particularly true for heavy-duty primary crushers designed for mining applications. The capacity and reduction may be adjusted by a variety of factors including in particular size of the crushing chamber, the eccentric mounting of the main shaft and the shape, configuration and setting of the opposed crushing shells. -
[0004] For example, the design of the outer crushing shell has a significant effect on the capacity and reduction of the crusher. In particular, an outer crushing shell with an inner facing contact surface that tapers inwardly towards the mantle acts to accelerate the through-flow of material. However, conventional designs of this type fall short of optimising capacity whilst increasing reduction and there is therefore a need for an improved outer crushing shell with improved performance. -
[0005] It is an objective of the present invention to provide an outer crushing shell that is optimised to control the throughput capacity and reduction of the crusher. It is a further objective to limit the throughput capacity in favour of reduction and to maximise the total net capacity for a specific application and type of crushable material. -
[0006] The objectives are achieved, in part, by providing an outer crushing shell that is designed to decrease the throughput capacity via a shelf or shoulder region that restricts the flow of material through the crushing chamber in the gap between the opposed crushing shells. The creation of the shelf region is further advantageous to reduce the axial length of the shell which in turn decreases the available crushing surface area that is orientated to be radially inward facing towards the inner crushing shell. Advantageously, it has been found that restricting the capacity and crushing force area acts to increase the pressure in the crushing chamber in the gap region to increase the reduction effect. -
[0007] In particular, the inventors have identified how variations of various physical parameters of the crushing shell influence capacity and reduction to enable optimisation of the geometry of the shell. The present crushing shell may be considered to comprise three regions spatially positioned in the axial direction between a shell uppermost end and a lowermost end. In particular, the present shell comprises an inlet region extending axially downward from the uppermost end, a crushing region extending axially upward from the lowermost end and a shoulder region positioned axially between the inlet and crushing regions. The inventors have observed that the following parameters influence the capacity and reduction of the crusher: - 1. an angle of inclination of a radially inward facing surface at the inlet region;
- 2. an angle of inclination of a radially inward facing surface at the shoulder region;
- 3. a wall thickness at the shoulder region between a radially inward facing surface and a radially outward facing surface; and
- 4. an axial length of the crushing region relative to an overall axial length of the shell between its upper and lower ends.
-
[0008] According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a gyratory crusher outer crushing shell comprising a main body mountable within a region of a topshell frame of a gyratory crusher, the main body extending around a central longitudinal axis the main body having a mount surface being outward facing relative to the axis for positioning against at least a part of the topshell frame and a contact surface being inward facing relative to the axis to contact material to be crushed, at least one wall defined by and extending between the mount surface and the contact surface, the wall having a first upper axial end and a second lower axial end; an orientation of the contact surface extending from the first end being inclined so as to project radially inward towards the axis in the axially downward direction to define an inlet region characterised in that an axially lowermost part of the inlet region is terminated by a shoulder region, a contact surface at the shoulder region being inclined so as to project radially inward towards the axis from the contact surface of the inlet region in an axially downward direction; wherein an angle of inclination of the contact surface of the inlet region relative to the axis is less than an angle of inclination of the contact surface of the shoulder region relative to the axis. -
[0009] -
[0010] Optionally, the angle of inclination of the contact surface of the shoulder region is in the range 45 to 90° relative to the axis. Preferably, the angle of inclination of the contact surface of the shoulder region is in the range 65 to 75° relative to the axis. -
[0011] Optionally, an angle of inclination of the contact surface of the shoulder region is three to fifteen times greater than the angle of inclination of the contact surface of the inlet region relative to the axis. Preferably, the inlet region extends directly from the first upper axial end in the axial direction and the shoulder region extends directly from an axially lowermost part of the inlet region in the axial direction such that the contact surface comprises two surface regions of different inclination in the axial direction over the inlet region and the shoulder region from the first upper axial end. -
[0012] Optionally, the contact surface from an axially lowermost part of the shoulder region to the second lower axial end defines a crushing face and comprises an axial length in the range of 40 to 85% of a total axial length of the main body from the first lower axial end to second lower axial end. Preferably the crushing face is orientated to be declined to project radially outward relative to the axis in a downward direction from the shoulder region to the second lower axial end. -
[0013] A distance by which the contact surface at the shoulder region projects radially inward from a radially innermost region of the contact surface of the inlet region is optionally 5% to 90% and preferably 20% to 80%, 30% to 70%, 40% to 70%, 40% to 60%, 50% to 60% of a total radial thickness of the wall between the radially innermost shoulder part and the mount surface. -
[0014] Optionally, a radially innermost part of the shoulder region is positioned in an upper 45%, 50% or 60% of an axial length of the main body closest to the first end and preferably in the range 5% to 30% of an axial length of the main body closest to the first end or 5% to 45%, 5% to 50% or 5% to 60%. -
[0015] Optionally, a radially innermost part of the shoulder region is positioned at a region in the range 20 to 60% and preferably 20 to 45% of an axial length of the main body from the first end. -
[0016] Preferably, the shell comprises one inlet region and one shoulder region such that the shell comprises two inclined contact surfaces relative to axis and one declined contact surface relative to axis. -
[0017] According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a gyratory crusher comprising a crushing shell as described herein. -
[0018] Within the specification reference to a gyratory crusher encompasses primary, secondary and tertiary crushers in addition to encompassing cone crushers. -
[0019] A specific implementation of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: -
Figure 1 is a cross sectional elevation view of a gyratory crusher comprising an outer crushing shell (concave) and an inner crusher shell (mantle) according to a specific implementation of the present invention; -
Figure 2 is magnified view of the region of the crusher offigure 1 illustrating the outer and inner crushing shells; -
Figure 3 is a cross sectional elevation view of the outer crushing shell offigure 2 ; -
Figure 4 is a magnified cross sectional elevation view of the upper region of the crushing shell offigure 3 . -
[0020] Referring tofigure 1 , a crusher comprises aframe 100 having anupper frame 101 and alower frame 102. A crushinghead 103 is mounted upon anelongate shaft 107. A first (inner) crushingshell 105 is fixably mounted on crushinghead 103 and a second (outer) crushingshell 106 is fixably mounted atupper frame 101. A crushingzone 104 is formed between the opposed crushingshells discharge zone 109 is positioned immediately below crushingzone 104 and is defined, in part, bylower frame 102. -
[0021] A drive (not shown) is coupled tomain shaft 107 via adrive shaft 108 andsuitable gearing 116 so as to rotateshaft 107 eccentrically aboutlongitudinal axis 115 and to causehead 103 andmantle 105 to perform a gyratory pendulum movement and crush material introduced into crushingchamber 104. An upper end region ofshaft 107 is maintained in an axially rotatable position by a top-end bearingassembly 112 positioned intermediate betweenmain shaft 107 and acentral boss 117. Similarly, abottom end 118 ofshaft 107 is supported by a bottom-end bearingassembly 119. -
[0022] Upper frame 101 is divided into atopshell 111, mounted upon lower frame 102 (alternatively termed a bottom shell), and aspider assembly 114 that extends fromtopshell 111 and represents an upper portion of the crusher. Thespider 114 comprises two diametricallyopposed arms 110 that extend radially outward fromcentral boss 117 positioned onlongitudinal axis 115.Arms 110 are attached to an upper region oftopshell 111 via an intermediate annular flange (or rim) 113 that is centred onaxis 115. Typically,arms 110 andtopshell 111 form a unitary structure and are formed integrally. -
[0023] In the present example embodiment, the alignment of outer crushingshell 106 attopshell 111 is achieved by anintermediate spacer ring 120 that extends circumferentially aroundaxis 115 and is positioned axially intermediate betweenspider 114 andtopshell 111. Accordingly, an axially uppermostfirst end 124 ofouter shell 106 is positioned radially inward within the circumference ofspacer ring 120. An axially lowermostsecond end 125 ofshell 106 is positioned just below a lowermost part oftopshell 111 and approximately at the junction betweenbottom shell 102 andtopshell 111. -
[0024] Outer shell 106 principally comprises three regions in the axial direction: anuppermost inlet region 121 extending fromfirst end 124; a crushingregion 123 extending fromsecond end 125 and ashoulder region 122 positioned axially intermediate betweeninlet region 121 and crushingregion 123. -
[0025] Referring tofigure 2 ,inlet region 121 comprises a radially outward facingmount surface 201 that is aligned substantially parallel withaxis 115. An opposed radially inward facingcontact surface 200 is inclined radially inward fromfirst end 124 such that a wall thickness ofshell 106 atinlet region 121 increases uniformly fromfirst end 124 to an axiallylowermost base region 401 as shown infigure 4 . Thebase region 401 ofinlet region 121 terminates atshoulder region 122.Shoulder region 122 comprises a corresponding inward facingcontact surface 203 that projects radially inward frominlet contact surface 200 to define ashelf 204 that represents a radially innermost region ofshell 104.Crushing region 123 extends immediately belowshoulder region 122 and also comprises inward facingcontact surface 205 and an opposed outward facingmount surface 206.Contact surface 205 is orientated to be declined and projects away fromaxis 115 and towardstopshell 111. An axiallylowermost part 209 of crushingregion 123 comprises a radially outward facingmount surface 207 configured for close mating contact against a radially inward facingsurface 208 of a lower region oftopshell 111 such thatshell 106 is mounted againsttopshell 111 via contact betweenopposed surfaces -
[0026] Referring tofigures 3 and 4 , a wall thickness ofshell 106 increases from uppermostfirst end 124 over the axial length ofinlet region 121 due to the inclined (or radially inward tapering)contact surface 200. The shell wall thickness increases further atshoulder region 122 via radially inward taperingcontact surface 203. The wall thickness ofshell 106 is then approximately uniform along the axial length of crushingregion 123 untillowermost region 209 where the wall thickness projects radially outward to create a mountingflange 210 for contact and mounting againsttopshell 111. -
[0027] As will be appreciated,shell 106 extends circumferentially aroundaxis 115. With regard to the outward appearance defined by respective mount surfaces 201, 206 and 207,inlet region 121 is substantially cylindrical and theshoulder region 122 and crushingregion 123 are generally frusto-conical shaped. -
[0028] As illustrated,shelf 204 is positioned at an axially uppermost part ofshell 106 and, in particular, in the top 25% region closest tofirst end 124 referring to relative axial lengths C and D (where C is the distance betweenshelf 204 and secondlowermost end 125 and D is the distance axially between firstuppermost end 124 and second end 125). -
[0029] Referring tofigure 4 , an angle of inclination a ofcontact surface 200 is approximately 10° fromcentral axis 115 and an angle of inclination b ofcontact surface 203 is approximately 70° fromcentral axis 115. As illustrated, both contact surfaces 200, 203 are substantially linear and extend circumferentially aroundaxis 115. The junction betweensurfaces shell 106 atinlet region 121. Distance F is defined as the distance between outward facingmount surface 201 and radially inward facingcontact surface 200 at theinlet base region 401 representing the point of intersection of respective contact surfaces 200, 203. Radial distance E is defined as the distance betweenintersection point 400 and the radiallyinnermost point 204 of theshoulder region 122. A ratio of E to F according to the specific implementation is 1:0.8. That is, the distance E is approximately 55% of the total wall thickness (E+F) between themount surface 201 and the radially innermost point of theshoulder region 204. -
[0030] Advantageously, the combined and respective inclination ofsurfaces inlet region 121 and is directed radially inward overshelf 124. However, increasing the radial length E ofshelf 204 decreases the crushing capacity. The present configuration as illustrated infigures 1 to 4 is therefore optimised to control the capacity of the crusher and achieve a predetermined level specific to a particular application. Additionally, incorporatinginlet region 121 andshoulder region 122 decreases the axial length of crushingsurface 205 from length D to length C. The surface area of crushing surface 205 (that is approximately frusto-conical shaped) is therefore reduced which acts to increase the pressure in crushingregion 104 where the crushing forces are applied during operation. This in turn increases the reduction effect of the crusher. The inventors have observed that the present relative configurations ofinlet region 121;shoulder region 122 and crushingregion 123 with regard to radial wall thicknesses, contact surface angles and axial lengths provides an optimised material throughput capacity and reduction and hence performance of the crusher. In particular, the following four parameters, have been found to influence the performance of theshell 106 with regard to throughput capacity and reduction: i) angle a ofcontact surface 200; ii) angle b ofcontact surface 203; iii) a radial distance E ofshelf 204 and; iv) an axial length C of crushingsurface 205. -
[0031] In particular the angle a ofcontact surface 200 relative to angle b ofcontact surface 203 defines theinlet 121 andshoulder 122 regions with these regions being significant to control capacity.
Claims (15)
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Claims (15)
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- A gyratory crusher outer crushing shell (106) comprising:a main body mountable within a region of a topshell frame (111) of a gyratory crusher, the main body extending around a central longitudinal axis (115);the main body having a mount surface (201,206, 207) being outward facing relative to the axis (115) for positioning against at least a part of the topshell frame (111) and a contact surface (200, 203, 205) being inward facing relative to the axis (115) to contact material to be crushed, at least one wall defined by and extending between the mount surface (201, 206, 207) and the contact surface (200, 203, 205), the wall having a first upper axial end (124) and a second lower axial end (125);an orientation of the contact surface (200) extending from the first end (124) being inclined so as to project radially inward towards the axis (115) in the axially downward direction to define an inlet region (121);characterised in that:an axially lowermost part (401) of the inlet region (121) is terminated by a shoulder region (122), a contact surface (203) at the shoulder region (122) being inclined so as to project radially inward towards the axis (115) from the contact surface (200) of the inlet region (121) in an axially downward direction;wherein an angle of inclination (a) of the contact surface (200) of the inlet region (121) relative to the axis (115) is less than an angle of inclination (b) of the contact surface (203) of the shoulder region (122) relative to the axis.
- The shell has claimed in claim 1 wherein the angle of inclination (a) of the contact surface (200) of the inlet region (121) is in the range 1 to 40° relative to the axis.
- The shell has claimed in claim 1 wherein the angle of inclination (a) of the contact surface (200) of the inlet region (121) is in the range 4 to 12° relative to the axis.
- The shell has claimed in claim 1 wherein the angle of inclination (b) of the contact surface (203) of the shoulder region (122) is in the range 45 to 90° relative to the axis.
- The shell has claimed in claim 1 wherein the angle of inclination (b) of the contact surface (203) of the shoulder region (122) is in the range 65 to 75° relative to the axis.
- The shell as claimed in any preceding claim wherein an angle of inclination (b) of the contact surface (203) of the shoulder region (122) is three to fifteen times greater than the angle of inclination (a) of the contact surface (200) of the inlet region (122) relative to the axis (115).
- The shell as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the inlet region (121) extends directly from the first upper axial end (124) in the axial direction and the shoulder region (122) extends directly from an axially lowermost part of the inlet region (121) in the axial direction such that the contact surface comprises two surface regions of different inclination in the axial direction over the inlet region and the shoulder region from the first upper axial end (124).
- The shell as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the contact surface (205) from an axially lowermost part of the shoulder region (122) to the second lower axial end (125) defines a crushing face and comprises an axial length (C) in the range of 40 to 85% of a total axial length (D) of the main body from the first upper axial end (124) to the second lower axial end (125).
- The shell as claimed in claim 8 wherein the crushing face is orientated to be declined to project radially outward relative to the axis (115) in a downward direction from the shoulder region (122) to the second lower axial end (125).
- The shell as claimed in any preceding claim wherein a distance (E) by which the contact surface (203) at the shoulder region (122) projects radially inward from a radially innermost region (400) of the contact surface (200) of the inlet region (121) is 5% to 90% of a total radial thickness of the wall between the radially innermost shoulder part (204) and the mount surface (201, 206).
- The shell as claimed in any preceding claim wherein a ratio of a distance (E) by which the contact surface (203) at the shoulder region (122) projects radially inward from a radially innermost region (400) of the contact surface (200) of the inlet region (121) is 40% to 70% of a total radial thickness of the wall between the radially innermost shoulder part (204) and the mount surface (201, 206).
- The shell as claimed in any preceding claim wherein a radially innermost part (204) of the shoulder region (122) is positioned in an upper 60% of an axial length (D) of the main body closest to the first end (124).
- The shell as claimed in any preceding claim wherein a radially innermost part (204) of the shoulder region (122) is positioned at a region in the range 20 to 45% of an axial length (D) of the main body from the first end (124).
- The shell as claimed in any preceding claim comprising one inlet region (121) and one shoulder region (122) such that the shell (106) comprises two inclined contact surfaces (200, 203) relative to axis (115) and one declined contact surface (205) relative to axis (115).
- A gyratory crusher comprising a crushing shell (106) as claimed in any preceding claim.