EP2765251B1 - Plate-shaped thermal insulation composite and thermal insulation composite area, in particular thermal insulation panel area, comprising plate-shaped thermal insulation composites, process for the preparation of thermal insulation composites, and use of thermal insulation composites for the thermal insulation of buildings - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a plate-shaped thermal insulation composite. Furthermore, the invention relates to a thermal insulation composite area, in particular thermal insulation panel area, comprising thermal insulation composite or thermal insulation boards, as well as methods for producing thermal insulation joints, in particular thermal insulation panels. Moreover, the invention relates to the use of thermal insulation joints, in particular thermal insulation panels, for the thermal insulation of buildings.

To a greater extent, buildings are retrofitted with thermal insulation. Even with new buildings, the heat insulation is given special attention for the purpose of saving energy. The facade insulation, i. The heat insulation applied to the outside of the building's exterior wall has been established for decades. However, specifications of the monument and ensemble protection as well as other ordinances or wishes of the client often do not allow a facade insulation. In these cases, for example, there is the possibility of relying on the internal insulation of buildings, i. to change the attachment of the thermal insulation on the inside of the building exterior wall.

When performing the interior insulation, it is important for a variety of reasons to pay attention to a professional design. Basically, various systems are available for the interior insulation, such as those with and without vapor barriers or barriers, kapillarleitende insulation and composite panels with integrated insulation. Vapor-proof internal insulation has the disadvantage that it can easily be damaged in small repairs or installations and no longer fulfill their task. Furthermore, it should be noted that the moisture balance of a building exterior wall, in particular impact rain wall can be noticeably affected by an internal insulation to the detriment. Because a building facade absorbs water in the course of a year, which causes no damage as long as the damp masonry in the summer can dry inside. After attaching a vapor-tight inner insulation this is no longer possible. Moisture accumulates behind the insulation material and the masonry becomes continuously wet. This increases the risk of mildew and the risk of frost damage. Structural damage can no longer be ruled out.

Capillary-active internal insulation does not use a vapor barrier. The above-described disadvantages occur in such internal insulation regularly not or only attenuated, depending on the quality of the inner insulation.

For capillary-active internal insulation, for example, homogeneous open-pore mineral plates are used. These include calcium silicate boards such as the commercially available product Calsitherm, mineral insulating materials which contain perlite as a filler, for example the product Tectem, and the aerated concrete Multipor. In this context, also on the DE 197 23 426 C1 and the DE 10 2010 005 361 A1 directed. The essential common feature of these insulation boards is that the homogeneous material must simultaneously fulfill the two functions of thermal insulation and capillary conductivity, thus it is inevitably only a compromise dar. These plates generally have a density of about 120 to 300 kg / m ³ at a Thermal conductivity (dry) from approx. 0.045 to 0.065 W / mK.

Furthermore, for capillary-active interior insulation slabs of blown cork, as in the DE 10 2007 025303 A1 described, used, which have been filled through the entire plate cavities under vacuum with modified clay. While the first material is responsible for the thermal insulation (cork), the other material (clay) is used for capillary conductivity. The bulk density of the filled cork plate is 120 to 150 kg / m ³ with a thermal conductivity (dry) between 0.04 to 0.06 W / mK.

In the EP 2 447 431 A2 serves a plate of expanded polystyrene whose individual prefoamed balls are still largely round and have adopted little of the usual polyhedra in polystyrene plates, as responsible for the thermal insulation component. This plate is traversed by continuous and partially connected cavities, which, similar to in DE 10 2007 025 303 A1 were filled under vacuum with a lime / cement-based composition as a capillary-conductive material. An essential feature of the above-described embodiment of insulation boards is that in Basically, two individual anisotropic scaffolds, one in charge of thermal insulation and one for capillary conductivity, are placed one inside the other. As a result, there is no preferred direction for either the heat or the capillary.

According to another embodiment, insulation boards, such as EP 86 681 B1 can be seen, also have a checkerboard-like arranged Dämmplattenabschnitte, which are connected via capillary-active cuboid webs. Insulating boards with cuboidal capillary conductive webs are also found in the DE 10 2010 044 791 A1 and DE 10 2010 044 789 A1 disclosed. The webs are made of calcium silicate, the insulation boards are vacuum insulation panels and aluminum-foamed rigid polyurethane foam.

In the WO 92/10624 An insulation board is provided with through holes, which are to be filled after attachment to the wall with Kapillarleitfähigem material. Insulating boards filled with capillary active material through holes are also in the DE 10 2007 040 938 A1 and DE 10 2011 050 830 A1 described.

Many insulation materials made of fibers are often not or not sufficiently capillary conductive, although they have a high water vapor permeability. They also require the additional equipment with a kapillarleitfähige material, which can also be ensured by appropriately filled holes.

The previously available capillary active insulation boards have a wide variety of defects.

Insulating materials, as in the DE 197 23 426 C1 and DE 10 2010 005 361 A1 disclosed, are relatively heavy and have significantly poorer insulation properties in the dry state than the usual insulation for the outer insulation (such as EPS, PU or PF). Due to their high density and the required due to the only moderate thermal insulation higher plate thickness for a comparable energy savings and resource consumption in the above-mentioned insulation materials is high. In addition, these insulating materials are generally hardly mechanically loadable, which is reflected in the often small plate dimensions that must be applied in practice. It is not uncommon in the creation of a insulated inner wall to breakouts and breaks, especially on plate corners, which are then often filled with mortar, but which has no heat-insulating properties, thus representing a thermal bridge. Due to the manufacturing process, cracks and bubbles can not be ruled out over a large area. In these areas, the capillary is interrupted.

Insulating materials, as in the WO 92/10624 generally do not use small amounts of capillary conductive material. This gives away valuable space for the heat-insulating component. Also, the production of these insulation materials is often not trivial. In addition, the mechanical complexity is high. Due to the required vacuum, the systems can fill only small sized blocks with the capillary active material.

According to the insulation boards DE 10 2007 040 938 A1 and DE 10 2011 050 830 A1 It has been found that cooler areas, ie the areas of the openings containing capillary-active material, experience darker over time. On the inside of the wall then creates an undesirable pattern. To avoid this effect, it is therefore regularly necessary to provide an at least 5 to 10 mm thick final coating of a good heat-conducting material. According to the DE 10 2010 44 791 A1 and DE 10 2010 044 789 A1 For this purpose, recourse is had to cover plates approximately 10 mm thick.

The DE 102 46 587 A1 refers to a stiffened mineral wool plate with dimensions: height from 10mm to 200mm (z-direction), width from 625mm to 2000mm (x-direction) and length from 1000mm to infinitely long (y-direction). The stiffened plate is cut into strips (y / z or x / z plane). Glue (gypsum, cement mortar, plastic, resin or bituminous glue) is injected into the resulting slots. In this way, a transverse stiffening of mineral wool plates is achieved.

It would be desirable to be able to resort to insulation or insulation boards, which are no longer subject to the disadvantages of the prior art and in particular ensure a consistently good thermal insulation. The present invention was therefore based on the object to provide insulation materials that overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and in particular allow a building interior insulation, which is structurally easy to implement and at the same time minimizes the risk of thermal bridges or completely excludes, and although without relying on a vapor barrier. It is a further object of the present invention to provide internal insulation which is inexpensive and which minimizes or eliminates the problem of condensation and / or the problem of mold growth. Furthermore, the invention was based on the object to provide insulating materials or insulating materials available, which are characterized by a good bending strength. Finally, the invention was based on the object to make insulating materials or plates available that do not form marks. The object of the invention was further, site-specific, fast to be laid large slab dimensions to enable and provide site-specific stability. The object of the invention was also to provide an easily grindable surface to allow the removal of bumps after sticking the insulation boards on the inside of the outer wall comfortably.

The object underlying the invention is accordingly achieved by a plate-shaped thermal insulation composite according to the features of patent claim 1.

The thermal insulation composite has a first side and an opposite second side and comprises at least two Dämmmaterialeinheiten each having a length, height and width extension and with an edge profile or surface at least partially along the length and width extent, these adjacent Dämmmaterialeinheiten along adjoining edge courses are glued to at least one binder-containing adhesive composition, which from this Composition formed adhesive layer in the cured state is capillary active and extends at least in sections from the first page to the second page.

In an exemplary embodiment, the curing after a period of, preferably a maximum, three days at 20 ° C and a relative humidity of 90%, or preferably also above it, regularly advanced so far that the capillary conductive properties have already set and that preferably the mechanical strength is sufficient for further processing. In general, such curing has often occurred after 24 hours.

In the context of the present invention, in the inventive thermal insulation composite for the internal insulation (ie on the inside of the building exterior wall) on the first side of the wet or condensation side and on the second side of the dry side or the interior side facing , For the purposes of the present invention, the terms capillary-conducting and capillary-active are always used synonymously here. The capillary-active adhesive layers may preferably have a thickness of, for example, 0.2 mm to 3 mm and particularly preferably 0.3 mm to 1.2 mm. On the first and / or the second side of the thermal insulation composite according to the invention, in particular thermal insulation panels, take the adhesive layers in the sum in a particularly preferred embodiment, only about 0.1 to 5%, preferably 0.5 to 3% and particularly preferably 1.0 to 1.5%, the total area of the respective side surface. In this way it can be ensured that the original insulating material, ie the foam product, loses only a few milliwatts per meter and Kelvin of insulation performance. A further advantage of the thermal insulation composite according to the invention is also to be seen in the fact that it is possible in one embodiment that the volume of kapillarleitfähiger adhesive layer, based on the total volume of the thermal insulation composite is not more than 1 vol .-%. Even with these small volume fractions and even at volume fractions below 1%, the effect of the invention sets. The thermal conductivity of the actual material is not or hardly appreciably affected by the adhesive layer. It is of advantage that the narrow capillary active adhesive layers do not serve as thermal bridges and that Moreover, in the use phase, these adhesive layers not on the surface, for example in the form of a darkening sign off, and not even if only a very thin plaster is used.

According to the invention, it is provided that at least two adjacent, in particular all, insulating material units are formed from or comprise foam products.

The use of foam products is preferred. Suitable foam products may be selected from the group consisting of foam glass, expanded styrene polymers, especially expanded polystyrene, expanded polypropylene, elastomeric foam, polyisocyanurate foam, polyethylene foam, phenolic foam, rigid polyurethane foam, urea-formaldehyde resin foam, hydrophobicized silica, hydrophobized aerogels, extruded styrenic polymers, especially extruded polystyrene foam, expanded Cork or any mixtures thereof.

Particular preference is given to the heat insulation composites according to the invention to those variants in which at least two, in particular adjacent Dämmmaterialeinheiten, in particular all Dämmmaterialeinheiten, expanded styrene polymers, in particular expanded polystyrene, rigid polyurethane foam and / or phenolic resin foam comprise or consist thereof.

For example, natural, ie white expanded styrene polymers, for example polystyrene, as well as black colored styrene polymers (for example the product Neopor), as from EP 981 574 known. In addition, it is of course also possible to resort to those expanded styrene polymer products which are formed from a mixture of white, ie unpigmented, styrene polymer particles and pigment-containing, for example, graphite-containing styrene polymer particles. Such insulation boards with a speckled appearance can be found for example in the EP 1 731 552 disclosed.

The Dämmmaterialeinheiten forming or contained herein, the heat insulation composite preferably have a cuboid, e.g. plate-shaped, or a cube-shaped basic shape.

Particularly suitable thermal insulation composites are plate-shaped and accordingly constitute a thermal insulation board, in particular comprising a first and an opposite second side.

It has proven particularly expedient to use such binder-containing adhesive compositions which contain as binders, in particular exclusively, mineral binders. Particularly good results are obtained even if the binder-containing adhesive composition contains no fillers. In such an embodiment, the capillary-conductive action exhibited by the adhesive layer formed from the adhesive composition in the cured state is particularly pronounced.

Suitable mineral binders include or consist in particular of hydrate and / or hydraulic binders and are preferably selected from the group consisting of cement, lime, gypsum, high alumina cement, water glass or any mixtures thereof.

The adhesive layers according to the invention are characterized in the cured state in that they are wettable with water, in particular a substantially complete wettability with water is present. Particularly suitable cured capillary-active adhesive layers and / or the mineral binders used for this purpose preferably have a contact angle (also called contact angle or wetting angle) with water in the range of 0 ° to less than 90 °, more preferably of 0 ° or nearly 0 °. Accordingly, in one embodiment, these materials have capillary activity, as known, for example, from the calcium silicate plates known in the art. Suitable materials which may also be added to the adhesive composition include, for example, activated alumina, clay minerals such as bentonites and atapulgites, zeolites, superabsorbents, rheology aids or any mixtures of these components. In a further embodiment, it is provided that the binder-containing adhesive composition hygroscopic salts are added in order to increase the kapillarleitenden effect.

A homogenization of the water transportability is in particular also by combining two or more different kapillarleitfähige materials as part of the adhesive composition together. In this case, such an embodiment is of particular advantage, in which the capillary-active material with the coarser pores to the outer wall and the capillary-active material with the finer pores to the interior are present within the adhesive layer of the thermal insulation composite according to the invention. Of course, the two embodiments outlined above can also be combined.

A suitable useable capillary-conductive binder-containing adhesive preferably has a bulk density in the range of from 0.1 to 2.0 kg / l, and more preferably from 0.5 to 1.5 kg / l. The binder-containing adhesive composition advantageously contains the, preferably hydraulic and / or hydrate, binders and water in a ratio that achieves the dry densities described above.

Particularly preferably, the adhesive composition forms coherent pores, preferably with a diameter of 100 nm and below. Such inventive thermal insulation composites have proved to be particularly advantageous in which the adhesive layer in the cured state capillaries having an average diameter less than or equal to 100 nm, in particular less than or equal to 80 nm, and more preferably less than or equal to 50 nm.

In the particularly preferred heat-insulating composites of the invention, the binder-containing adhesive composition contains at least one fibrous material, in particular plastic fibers, natural fibers, mineral fibers, e.g. Basalt ceramic and / or glass fibers, or any mixtures thereof. As fibers additionally or alternatively also hollow fibers and / or nanotubes come into consideration. The latter have the advantage that they can also participate in capillary transport. In addition, in the thermal insulation composite according to the invention, additionally or alternatively, also fiber mats or fabrics integrated into the adhesive layer, incorporated or placed.

If different capillary-conductive materials are to be used, the application of adhesive compositions can, for example, also take place successively.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the fibers have a length in the range of 2 to 40 mm, in particular in the range of 4 to 20 mm, and particularly preferably in the range of 8 to 15 mm. It is particularly preferred that the average length of the fibers at a maximum of 16 mm, in particular at a maximum of 12 mm and more preferably at a maximum of 8 mm. With the fiber material, a reinforcement, elasticization and / or reduction of the shrinkage of the adhesive layers can be achieved. Additionally or alternatively, fibers can also be sprinkled or inflated onto the freshly applied adhesive layer.

Heat-insulating composites according to the invention in which the adhesive layer in the cured state has an average thickness of not more than 1.0 mm, in particular of not more than 0.7 mm and particularly preferably of not more than 0.5 mm, have proven to be particularly advantageous. In addition, such thermal insulation composites are particularly suitable in which the adhesive layer in the cured state has a maximum thickness of 2.0 mm, in particular 1.5 mm and particularly preferably 1.0 mm. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, it has proved to be advantageous to add at least one supporting grain to the binder-containing adhesive composition. In this way, the exact adherence to a desired layer thickness succeeds particularly reliable. Also, coarse additions such as Pumice granules possible.

On the one hand, the binder-containing adhesive composition provides a capillary-conductive (adhesive) layer and, on the other hand, it ensures the bonding of the insulation material units to one another.

In an expedient embodiment of the invention, it is further provided that the average width of the Dämmmaterialeinheiten and / or the edge profiles in the range of 10 mm to 200 mm, in particular range from 20 mm to 160 mm and preferably range from 40 mm to 140 mm.

Such embodiments of the thermal insulation composite according to the invention solve the problems underlying the invention in a particularly satisfactory manner, in which the first side, in particular in the area extending from the first side to the second side adhesive layer, at least in sections, in particular completely, with at least one capillary provided first coating material, which is at least partially capillary active connected with at least one adhesive layer.

Also advantageous in this context are heat insulation composites according to the invention in which, alternatively or additionally, the second side, in particular in the region of the adhesive layer extending from the first side to the second side, at least in sections, in particular completely, provided with at least one capillary-active second coating material, which is at least partially capillary-actively connected to at least one adhesive layer.

It can also be provided that the first and the second coating material are substantially identical, in particular with regard to composition and / or thickness of the application of these coating materials. In a particularly expedient embodiment, the first and / or the second coating material comprise or are formed from the binder-containing adhesive composition.

In this case, in particular, such a design variant of a thermal insulation composite according to the invention is advantageous in which the first side is provided substantially over the whole area with the first coating material and / or the second side is provided substantially over the entire area with the second coating material.

It is usually sufficient if the first and / or second coating is only a few tenths of a millimeter thick. Already in this way, the supply and discharge of possibly accumulating water to the capillary-active adhesive strip can be significantly improved. In a particular embodiment, it is also possible to use for the coating of the first and / or second side materials which are not only capillary active, but which also contribute to reducing the water vapor permeability of the insulating board.

Particularly good results with regard to an increased capillary activity are also provided by the fact that the first coating material has a smaller thickness spaced apart from the adhesive layer than in the region, in particular in the direction of the extension, the adhesive layer and / or the second coating material spaced from the adhesive layer has a smaller thickness than in the area, in particular in the direction of the extension, the adhesive layer.

The first coating material or the first coating application, which is provided for the coating of the first side, ie the moist or condensation side of the thermal insulation composite, but may not with the second coating material or the second coating order, for the coating of the second Side, ie the dry side or the interior facing side of the thermal insulation composite is provided, match. First as well as second coating material or coating application can also be formed from a plurality of different, each capillary-active components or include these. It is also possible to carry out the first and / or second coating material or the first and / or second coating application in two or more layers, wherein the respective layers are formed from or comprise different capillary active materials.

A particularly expedient thermal insulation composite according to the invention is also characterized in that at least two adjacent adhesive layers, in particular all adhesive layers, extend at least in sections substantially parallel to one another.

With the thermal insulation composite according to the invention, the adhesive layers can be aligned in an advantageous manner so that they extend substantially horizontally after attachment to the building wall. An advantage of this substantially horizontal arrangement of, in particular adjacent, adhesive layers is that, e.g. to a selective moisture attack behind the insulation board, the liquid flows down because of gravity and in this case meets a capillary conductive adhesive layer. Moisture can not spread nationwide in this arrangement.

In order to even out the water transportability in each section from the inside of the outer wall to the inner space, it has proved to be advantageous to apply more binder-containing adhesive composition within the thermal insulation composites to the inner space. Accordingly, the adhesive layers can also be made with non-uniform thickness. Rather, such heat insulation composites according to the invention are also advantageous, in particular also with regard to an increased capillary activity, in which the thickness of the adhesive layer is directed from the first side to the second side, ie. toward the interior side, in particular continuously, increases.

The thermal insulation composite according to the invention preferably represents a thermal insulation panel, in particular an internal thermal insulation panel, preferably with a polygonal basic shape, in particular selected from square, rectangular, triangular basic shapes.

In a particularly expedient embodiment, it is further provided that the at least one adhesive layer, in particular all adhesive layers, of the thermal insulation composite according to the invention extend along the, in particular entire, longitudinal extent thereof.

The object underlying the invention is further achieved by a thermal insulation composite area, in particular thermal insulation panel area comprising at least two, in particular a plurality of inventive thermal insulation joints, in particular thermal insulation panels, each having a first and an opposite second side and an at least partially circumferential, connecting the first and the second side edge surface with a length and width extension, wherein adjacent Wärmedämmverbünde, in particular thermal insulation panels, at least in sections along their edge surfaces, in particular flush, are adjacent.

The object underlying the invention is also achieved by a thermal insulation composite area and / or thermal insulation panel area comprising at least two, in particular a plurality of, thermal insulation panels and / or, in particular inventive, thermal insulation composites each having a first and an opposite second side and an at least partially circumferential , the first and the second side connecting edge surface with a length and width extent, wherein adjacent thermal insulation composites or plates at least partially along their edge surfaces with at least one binder-containing adhesive composition, in particular flush, are glued together, wherein the adhesive layer formed from this composition in the cured State is capillary active and at least partially extends from the first page to the second page.

It can be provided that the thermal insulation boards or composites represent a foam product, in particular containing or formed from foam glass, expanded styrene polymers, in particular expanded polystyrene, expanded polypropylene, elastomer foam, Polyisocyanuratschaum, polyethylene foam, phenolic resin foam, rigid polyurethane foam, urea-formaldehyde resin foam, hydrophobized silica, hydrophobized aerogels, extruded styrenic polymers, in particular extruded polystyrene foam, expanded cork or any mixtures thereof.

In particularly suitable thermal insulation panels, at least one inventive thermal insulation composite, preferably in the form of a thermal insulation board, is present. Particular preference is given exclusively or almost exclusively to thermal insulation composites according to the invention, in particular in the form of thermal insulation panels.

It can be provided in a particularly advantageous embodiment that at least two, in particular a plurality of thermal insulation panels have a polygonal basic shape, in particular selected from square, rectangular and triangular basic shapes. The thermal insulation composites or thermal insulation panels according to the invention and the thermal insulation composite areas according to the invention are suitably used for the thermal insulation of buildings, in particular on the inside of the outer walls of buildings.

1. 1) Zurverfügungstellung von mindestens zwei Dämmmaterialeinheiten mit jeweils einer Längen-, Höhen- und Breitenausdehnung und mit einem Kantenverlauf zumindest abschnittsweise entlang der Längen- und Breitenausdehnung,
2. 2) Zurverfügungstellung von mindestens einer bindemittelhaltigen Kleberzusammensetzung, die im ausgehärteten Zustand kapillaraktiv ist,
3. 3) Auftragen der bindemittelhaltigen Kleberzusammensetzung und gegebenenfalls von Fasermaterial auf dem Kantenverlauf einer ersten Dämmmaterialeinheit,
4. 4) gegebenenfalls Auftragen der bindemittelhaltigen Kleberzusammensetzung und gegebenenfalls von Fasermaterial auf dem Kantenverlauf einer zweiten Dämmmaterialeinheit,
5. 5) Aneinanderfügen des Kantenverlaufs der ersten Dämmmaterialeinheit enthaltend die bindemittelhaltige Kleberzusammensetzung an den Kantenverlauf der zweiten Dämmmaterialeinheit, gegebenenfalls ebenfalls enthaltend eine bindemittelhaltige Kleberzusammensetzung,
6. 6) Aushärten der zwischen den aneinander gefügten Dämmmaterialeinheiten befindlichen bindemittelhaltigen Kleberzusammensetzung unter Ausbildung einer Klebeschicht,
7. 7) gegebenenfalls Wiederholen der Schritte 3) bis 6) mit einer dritten bzw. weiteren Dämmmaterialeinheit,

unter Ausbildung eines Wärmedämmverbunds mit einer Vorder- und einer gegenüberliegenden Rückseite, wobei mindestens eine kapillaraktive Klebeschicht sich abschnittsweise von der Vorder- bis zur Rückseite erstreckt.The object underlying the invention is further achieved by a method for producing at least one inventive thermal insulation composite, comprising the steps:

1. 1) provision of at least two insulation material units each having a length, height and width extension and with an edge profile at least in sections along the length and width extent,
2. 2) providing at least one binder-containing adhesive composition which is capillary-active in the cured state,
3. 3) applying the binder-containing adhesive composition and optionally fiber material on the edge profile of a first insulation material unit,
4. 4) optionally applying the binder-containing adhesive composition and optionally fiber material on the edge profile of a second insulation material unit,
5. 5) joining the edge course of the first insulation material unit containing the binder-containing adhesive composition to the edge profile of the second insulation material unit, optionally also containing a binder-containing adhesive composition,
6. 6) curing the binder-containing adhesive composition located between the mutually joined insulation material units to form an adhesive layer,
7. 7) optionally repeating steps 3) to 6) with a third or further insulating material unit,

forming a thermal insulation composite with a front and an opposite rear side, wherein at least one capillary-active adhesive layer extends in sections from the front to the back.

1. a) Zurverfügungstellung eines Rohblocks aus mindestens einem Schaumstoffprodukt mit einer Längen-, Höhen- und Breitenausdehnung, insbesondere mit einem polygonalen, vorzugsweise rechteckigen, quadratischen oder dreieckigem, Querschnitt,
2. b) Zurverfügungstellung von mindestens einer bindemittelhaltigen Kleberzusammensetzung, die im ausgehärteten Zustand kapillaraktiv ist,
3. c) Vereinzeln, insbesondere Zerschneiden, des Rohblocks in Längs- und Breitenausdehnung in mindestens zwei, insbesondere eine Vielzahl an, insbesondere im Wesentlichen einheitlich dimensionierten, Basisplatten mit einer Vorder- und Rückseite,
4. d) Auftragen der Kleberzusammensetzung und gegebenenfalls von Fasermaterial auf die Rückseite einer ersten Basisplatte,
5. e) Verkleben dieser Rückseite mit der Vorderseite einer zweiten, insbesondere der beim Vereinzeln benachbarten, Basisplatte, gegebenenfalls ebenfalls aufweisend eine bindemittelhaltige Kleberzusammensetzung,
6. f) Verkleben der Rückseite der zweiten Basisplatte, enthaltend die bindemittelhaltige Kleberzusammensetzung, mit der Vorderseite einer dritten, insbesondere der beim Vereinzeln benachbarten, Basisplatte, gegebenenfalls enthaltend eine bindemittelhaltige Kleberzusammensetzung,
7. g) gegebenenfalls, insbesondere mehrmaliges, Wiederholen der Schritte e) und f) mit weiteren, insbesondere beim Vereinzeln, benachbarten Basisplatten,
   wobei die Schritte c), d), e), f) und gegebenenfalls g) einen Sandwichblock ergeben mit einer Längen-, Höhen- und Breitenausdehnung, die vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen der des Rohblocks entspricht,
8. h) Vereinzeln, insbesondere Zerschneiden, des Sandwichblocks in Höhen- und Breitenausdehnung in mindestens zwei, insbesondere eine Vielzahl an, insbesondere im Wesentlichen einheitlich dimensionierten, Wärmedämmverbünden, insbesondere Wärmedämmverbundplatten, mit einer Vorder- und Rückseite.

The object underlying the invention is further achieved by a method for producing at least one inventive thermal insulation composite, comprising, in particular in this order, the steps:

1. a) providing an ingot of at least one foam product having a length, height and width extension, in particular having a polygonal, preferably rectangular, square or triangular, cross-section,
2. b) providing at least one binder-containing adhesive composition which is capillary-active in the cured state,
3. c) singulating, in particular cutting, of the ingot in longitudinal and latitudinal expansion into at least two, in particular a multiplicity of, in particular substantially uniformly dimensioned, base plates with a front and rear side,
4. d) applying the adhesive composition and optionally fibrous material to the back side of a first base plate,
5. e) gluing this back side to the front side of a second base plate, in particular the one adjacent to the singulation, optionally also comprising a binder-containing adhesive composition,
6. f) adhering the back side of the second base plate, containing the binder-containing adhesive composition, to the front side of a third, in particular the individually adjacent, base plate, optionally containing a binder-containing adhesive composition,
7. g) optionally, in particular repeated, repeating steps e) and f) with further, in particular when separating, adjacent base plates,
   wherein steps c), d), e), f) and optionally g) result in a sandwich block having a length, height and width extent, which preferably corresponds substantially to that of the ingot,
8. h) separating, in particular cutting, the sandwich block in height and width extension in at least two, in particular a plurality of, in particular substantially uniformly dimensioned, thermal insulation composites, in particular thermal insulation composite panels, with a front and back.

• a') Zurverfügungstellung eines Rohblocks aus mindestens einem Schaumstoffprodukt mit einer Längen-, Höhen- und Breitenausdehnung, insbesondere mit einem polygonalen, vorzugsweise rechteckigen, quadratischen oder dreieckigem, Querschnitt,
• b') Zurverfügungstellung von mindestens einer bindemittelhaltigen Kleberzusammensetzung, die im ausgehärteten Zustand kapillaraktiv ist,
• c') Vereinzeln, insbesondere Zerschneiden, des Rohblocks in Höhen- und Breitenausdehnung in mindestens zwei, insbesondere eine Vielzahl an, insbesondere im Wesentlichen einheitlich dimensionierten, Basisplatten mit einer Vorder- und Rückseite,
• d') Auftragen der Kleberzusammensetzung und gegebenenfalls von Fasermaterial auf die Rückseite einer ersten Basisplatte,
• e') Verkleben dieser Rückseite mit der Vorderseite einer zweiten, insbesondere der beim Vereinzeln benachbarten, Basisplatte, gegebenenfalls ebenfalls aufweisend eine bindemittelhaltigen Kleberzusammensetzung und/oder gegebenenfalls Fasermaterial,
• f') Verkleben der Rückseite der zweiten Basisplatte, enthaltend die bindemittelhaltige Kleberzusammensetzung, mit der Vorderseite einer dritten, insbesondere der beim Vereinzeln benachbarten, Basisplatte, gegebenenfalls enthaltend eine bindemittelhaltige Kleberzusammensetzung,
• g') gegebenenfalls, insbesondere mehrmaliges, Wiederholen der Schritte e') und f) mit weiteren, insbesondere beim Vereinzeln benachbarten, Basisplatten,
  wobei die Schritte c'), d'), e'), f') und gegebenenfalls g') einen Sandwichblock ergeben mit einer Längen-, Höhen- und Breitenausdehnung, die im Wesentlichen der des Rohblocks entspricht,
• h') Vereinzeln, insbesondere Zerschneiden, des Sandwichblocks in Längen- und Breitenausdehnung in mindestens zwei, insbesondere eine Vielzahl an, insbesondere im Wesentlichen einheitlich dimensionierten, Wärmedämmverbünden, insbesondere Wärmedämmverbundplatten, mit einer Vorder- und Rückseite.

According to a further embodiment, the object underlying the invention is achieved by a method for producing at least one inventive thermal insulation composite comprising, in particular in this order, the steps:

• a ') providing an ingot of at least one foam product having a length, height and width extension, in particular having a polygonal, preferably rectangular, square or triangular, cross-section,
• b ') providing at least one binder-containing adhesive composition which is capillary-active in the cured state,
• c ') separating, in particular cutting, the ingot in height and width extension in at least two, in particular a plurality of, in particular substantially uniformly dimensioned, base plates having a front and a back,
• d ') applying the adhesive composition and optionally fibrous material to the back side of a first base plate,
• e ') gluing this back side to the front side of a second base plate, in particular to the one adjacent to the singulation, optionally also having a binder-containing adhesive composition and / or optionally fibrous material,
• f ') gluing the back side of the second base plate, containing the binder-containing adhesive composition, to the front side of a third, in particular the individually adjacent base plate, optionally containing a binder-containing adhesive composition,
• g ') optionally, in particular repeated, repeating the steps e') and f) with further, in particular when individually spaced, base plates,
  wherein the steps c '), d'), e '), f') and optionally g ') result in a sandwich block having a length, height and width extent substantially equal to that of the ingot,
• h ') singling, in particular cutting, of the sandwich block in length and width extent in at least two, in particular a plurality of, in particular substantially uniformly dimensioned, thermal insulation composite, in particular thermal insulation composite panels, with a front and back.

It can also be provided in particular that the separation, in particular the cutting, of the sandwich block in step h) or h ') is done in such a way that i) the glued together base plates are separated transversely to the orientation of the front and back sides or ii ) the glued together base plates in each case in the direction of the Vorderzur back, or vice versa, isolated.

Suitable embodiments of the method according to the invention are also distinguished by providing the front side of the thermal insulation composite, at least in sections, in particular in the region of the adhesive layer extending from the front side to the back side, in particular completely, with at least one capillary-active first coating material which is at least partially capillary-actively connected with at least one, in particular a plurality of adhesive layers.

In an expedient further development of the method according to the invention, as an alternative or in addition, it can be provided that at least partially, in particular completely, the back of the thermal insulation composite is provided with at least one capillary-active second coating material, in particular in the area of the adhesive layer extending from the front side to the rear side. the at least partially capillary active is connected to at least one, in particular a plurality of adhesive layers.

Furthermore, it is possible in this context that the first and the second coating material are substantially identical, in particular with regard to the composition and / or thickness of the application of these coating materials.

In an expedient embodiment of the method according to the invention, provision can also be made for the first and / or the second coating material to comprise or be formed from the binder-containing adhesive composition.

It has also proved to be advantageous, at least in some cases, to provide the front side with the first coating material and / or the rear side substantially completely over the entire area with the second coating material substantially over the entire area.

In a particularly expedient embodiment of the method according to the invention, it is provided that the binder-containing adhesive composition and / or the first coating material and / or the second coating material are applied by brushing, rolling, knife coating, spraying, pouring and / or spraying. In this way, it is possible to reliably and repeatably regularly apply a very thin adhesive layer or a very thin, nevertheless functional first or second coating.

A preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is also distinguished by the fact that at least one, in particular a plurality of non-immediately adjacent, preferably substantially every next but one, obtained by separation from the ingot base plates, preferably while maintaining in their sequence of each neighboring base plates, after the separation and before the bonding of the, in particular adjacent, base plates about the axis of the longitudinal extent and / or about the axis of the width extension and / or about the axis of the height extent, preferably about the axis of the longitudinal extent, by 180 °. Accordingly, the object underlying the invention is also achieved by the thermal insulation composite obtained according to this process variant, in particular thermal insulation panels.

In this way, it is particularly reliable and convenient to heat insulation joints according to the invention, which are permanently free of deformation and in which possible internal stresses are offset against each other. It is known that insulation boards made of foamed materials, e.g. Polyurethane hard foam, due to internal stresses even during processing deformations show. Therefore, such insulation materials are often deposited for a long period of time prior to actual use. With the method of the invention described above, this problem can be eliminated.

An advantage of the method according to the invention also arises in particular when the separation takes place by means of hot wire cutting. The resulting surfaces are sealed and do not absorb water. These are just those surfaces that later surround the capillary-conductive adhesive layers. After coating with the water-applied, in particular hydraulic, binder-containing adhesive composition, this mass does not lose any water to the surrounding material and can harden in the desired manner. Thus, neither the strength nor the pore content of the capillary-conductive material are adversely affected, as would be the case in the case of absorbent surfaces.

Accordingly, the objects underlying the present invention are also achieved by the products obtainable by the processes according to the invention.

Finally, the invention also encompasses the use of the thermal insulation composites according to the invention, in particular thermal insulation panels, the thermal insulation composite areas according to the invention, in particular the thermal insulation panel areas, for the thermal insulation of buildings, in particular of exterior walls, particularly preferably on the inside of these exterior walls.

Hereinafter, a specific embodiment of the thermal insulation composite according to the invention will be explained in more detail by way of example.

A polystyrene particulate foam block is wrapped with strips of oscillating hot wires, e.g. with the dimensions (1000 mm) x (20 to 150 mm) x (insulation thickness) cut. Subsequently, these strips are glued together again with the capillary-active binder-containing adhesive composition. The capillary-active adhesive layers may preferably have a thickness of e.g. 0.2 mm to 3 mm and more preferably from 0.3 mm to 1.2 mm. In this way you can, for example, again, at least approximately, the usual Baustellenmaß an insulation board of 500 mm x 1000 mm x Dämmdicke receive. The stripe width, i. the width of the edge profile is according to the invention preferably 20 mm to 150 mm and more preferably 50 mm to 100 mm.

The insulation board may be coated on one or both sides with a capillary-conductive material, preferably with the material of the binder-containing adhesive composition.

In order to even out the water transportability in each section from the inside of the outer wall to the inner space, it has proved to be advantageous to apply more binder-containing adhesive composition to the inner space within the thermal insulation composites. Accordingly, the adhesive layer can also be designed with non-uniform thickness. Rather, it is advantageous if their thickness increases toward the interior side.

A homogenization of the water transportability is in particular also by combining two or more different mineral binder or kapillarleitfähige materials as part of the adhesive composition together. For example, in the adhesive composition or the cured adhesive layer cement and gypsum may be present simultaneously, optionally supplemented by lime and / or high-alumina cement. In this case, such an embodiment is of particular advantage, in which the capillary-active material or the cured adhesive layer with the coarser pores to the outer wall and the capillary active material or the cured adhesive layer with the finer pores to the interior inside at least one adhesive layer of the thermal insulation composite according to the invention. Of course, the two embodiments outlined above can also be combined.

Furthermore, by tapering the cross-section of the adhesive layer, preferably removed, for example 5 mm, starting from the interior-side plate surface, remain on the plate surface so narrow remaining adhesive strip that the problem of capturing temperature differences occurs completely in the background. In this Area near the plate surface, the transported water can already partially evaporate through the insulation board.

In order to obtain more stable thermal insulation composites, in particular thermal insulation panels, according to the invention, one can stabilize the profile of the adhesive layers by special shapes. In this way, the bending strength can be increased by a factor of 1.5 to 2, for example.

A process according to the invention can proceed as follows: An expanded polystyrene foam block with a volume of several cubic meters is singulated in the hot-wire process. In the next step, the one-sided coating with the liquid binder-containing adhesive composition by knife coating, brushing, rolling, spraying, knife coating and / or spraying. Preferably, the adhesive composition contains fibers. Additionally or alternatively, fibers can also be sprinkled or inflated onto the freshly applied adhesive layer. In this procedure, it is advantageous that there are no procedural restrictions with respect to fiber length and / or fiber quantity. As a result, unusually high fiber concentrations are possible. The longer the fibers are, the more the shrinkage which can occur during the curing of the adhesive composition can be suppressed. In this way, it is possible effectively to prevent the formation of imperfections which interrupt the capillary line. In addition, it is also possible, instead of the fibers or in addition to insert a fabric or nonwoven and only then reassemble the freshly coated plates. In addition to the stabilizing task, the fabric or fleece can have coarse capillarity and thus round off the pore structure of the capillary-conductive adhesive layer to the top. Also suitable as fibers are hollow fibers and / or nanotubes and / or natural fibers such as cellulose fibers or cotton, or optionally also wood particles, which may also participate in capillary transport. If different capillary-conductive materials are to be used, the order can be carried out, for example, successively.

The single-sided coated panels are then rejoined into a block. The size of this block may differ from the original shape of the foamed block, allowing for low-bleed choice of various board dimensions.

After curing, preferably under high humidity, a trimming cut, eg by hot wire or band saw, can follow. This is followed by the cutting of the desired plate thicknesses and optionally a final trimming and singulation of the plates. These Depending on the model, they can then be coated on one or both sides or be packaged without coating.

The coating material for the first and / or second side or the binder-containing adhesive composition for the adhesive layers is preferably selected so that it can be applied without heat or drying to e.g. hardened a Hordewagen. This allows the coated plates to be packed immediately.

Surprisingly, it has been found that the surface temperatures which differ on or in the insulating material units forming the thermal insulation composite according to the invention, in particular in the center, differ only slightly from the temperature, in particular surface temperature, of the adhesive layers. This result is almost independent of the thickness or average thickness of the adhesive layers. The average thickness of these adhesive layers can vary in the range of, for example, 0.25 mm to 1.0 mm, without a temperature difference greater than 1 ° C is obtained. Computer simulations have confirmed that with an average thickness of the adhesive layer of 0.25 mm and a width or depth of the thermal insulation composite of 30 mm, a temperature difference of 0.3 ° C between the surface temperature of the adhesive layer and the surface temperature in the Center of the surface of a Dämmmaterialeinheit results. If the average thickness of the adhesive layer is increased to 1.0 mm, the temperature difference is still always less than 1 ° C. Here, a value of 0.8 ° C was determined. In contrast, results for in the DE 10 21 00 44 791 A1 and DE 10 20 10 44 789 A1 disclosed thermal insulation panels, where always a wide cylinder of capillary active material of, for example, 20 mm is used, a temperature difference between the temperature at the surface of this capillary active material and the temperature of the insulating material of more than 2 ° C determined. With the thermal insulation composites according to the invention, the risk that the adhesive layers will become visible on the surface of, for example, a plaster layer applied over the useful life is thus considerably minimized in comparison with conventional internal insulation.

In order to show that a sufficient capillary conductivity can be obtained with the heat-insulating composites according to the invention, a section of such a thermal insulation composite according to the invention with the dimensions 200 × 200 × 60 mm, which has two substantially parallel adhesive layers with an average thickness of not more than 1 mm immersed in a vessel with water at an immersion depth of about 5 mm. Here were the front and the back of the thermal insulation composite with the capillary active Material of the adhesive layer is coated with a thickness not exceeding 1 mm on average.

The edges of the plate as well as the vessel itself were, in the areas where no thermal insulation board was present, sealed or covered. In this way, water could evaporate only via capillary over the thermal insulation composite panel. The experimental setup was in a climatic room at a controlled temperature of 23 ° C and a controlled humidity of 50%. Furthermore, there was an air movement of approx. 0.1 m / s in the climatic room. The vessel containing water and the thermal insulation board were on a scale. Corresponding experiments were carried out with a commercial calcium silicate board and with an insulating panel made of cellular concrete. It was found that an evaporation rate of about 130 kg / (m ² xa) occurred for the inventive thermal insulation composite, while for the calcium silicate plate a value of about 660 kg / (m ² xa) and for the insulating panel of aerated concrete a value of about 120 kg / (m ² xa).

Considering that usually an evaporation rate of about 3 kg / (m ² xa) is sufficient to prevent, for example, mold or moisture problems on the inside of a thermally insulated building exterior wall, it was thus possible to prove that the thermal insulation composite according to the invention meets the requirements of a building interior insulation satisfy.

It is also of particular advantage in the inventive thermal insulation composite that the heat energy stored in the insulating material units can be used to evaporate the water passing through the adhesive layer on the side facing the interior of a building, in particular if a surface of the thermal insulation composite facing this side capillary-active coating is present.

This is surprising in that this very satisfactory rate of evaporation sets with a volume of the adhesive layers of not more than 1%, and in particular even not more than 0.5%, based on the total volume of the thermal insulation composite.

Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description, are explained in the preferred embodiments of the invention by way of example with reference to schematic drawings.

Figur 1:

eine schematische Darstellung einer innen gedämmten Gebäudeaußenwand,

Figur 1:

eine schematische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Wärmedämmverbunds,

Figur 3:

eine weitere Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Wärmedämmverbunds,

Figur 4:

eine weitere Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Wärmedämmverbunds

Figur 5:

eine weitere Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Wärmedämmverbunds,

Figur 6:

eine weitere Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Wärmedämmverbunds,

Figur 7:

einen Verfahrensablauf eines erfindungsgemäßen Herstellungsverfahrens für die Herstellung von Wärmedämmverbünden,

Figur 8:

eine alternative Ausgestaltung eines erfindungsgemäßen Herstellverfahrens und

Figur 9:

eine alternative Ausgestaltung eines erfindungsgemäßen Herstellverfahrens.

Showing:

FIG. 1:

a schematic representation of an internally insulated building exterior wall,

FIG. 1:

a schematic representation of an embodiment of a thermal insulation composite according to the invention,

FIG. 3:

a further embodiment of a thermal insulation composite according to the invention,

FIG. 4:

a further embodiment of a thermal insulation composite according to the invention

FIG. 5:

a further embodiment of a thermal insulation composite according to the invention,

FIG. 6:

a further embodiment of a thermal insulation composite according to the invention,

FIG. 7:

a method sequence of a production method according to the invention for the production of thermal insulation composites,

FIG. 8:

an alternative embodiment of a manufacturing method according to the invention and

FIG. 9:

an alternative embodiment of a manufacturing method according to the invention.

FIG. 1 schematically shows the structure of a building exterior wall 2, which has on its inner side 4 a heat-bonding area 6 according to the invention. The thermal insulation composite area 6 is formed from a plurality of flush to each other over their edge surfaces (in their length and width extent) mounted thermal insulation composites 8 in the form of thermal insulation boards, which are glued to the inside of the building exterior wall 2 with an adhesive 9. The thermal insulation composites 8 have in each case been produced from a multiplicity of essentially cuboid insulating material units 10, which are connected to one another via adjacent, in the present case in each case parallel, capillary-active cured adhesive layers 12. The composite thermal insulation area 6 can, as in FIG. 1 shown to be covered on the inside with a conventional plaster layer 11. Optionally, adjacent thermal insulation composites 8 may also be glued over their edge surfaces with the binder-containing adhesive composition.

FIG. 2 schematically shows an alternative embodiment of a thermal insulation composite 8 according to the invention in the form of a thermal insulation panel formed from a total of 5 Dämmmaterialeinheiten 10, in substantially parallelepiped shape, which via their adjacent edge courses (in length (L) and width (B)) by means of the cured adhesive layer 12 together are connected. The insulation material units have a length (L), width (B) and height extension (H). In the illustrated embodiment, the adhesive layer 12 is not performed in a constant thickness, but the thickness increases towards the interior side towards when the thermal insulation composite 8 is used as internal insulation. In this way, the water transportability of the inside of the outer wall of the building to the interior can be made uniform.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a thermal insulation composite according to the invention 8, formed from five substantially cuboid Dämmmaterialeinheiten 10, which are connected to each other via their mutually facing edge courses (in length (L) and width (B)) by means of a capillary conductive cured adhesive layer 12. In the thermal insulation composite according to FIG. 3 are the capillary active pores of the adhesive layer 12, when the thermal insulation composite is used as internal insulation, to the inside of the building exterior wall facing side on average larger than the pores of the cured adhesive layer in the interior of the side facing the thermal insulation composite. In this way, a homogenization of water transportability through the thermal insulation panel can be achieved.

In FIG. 4 Such an embodiment is shown schematically, which the above-mentioned specific features of the adhesive layer 12 according to FIGS. 2 and 3 combined.

FIG. 5 one takes an embodiment of a thermal insulation composite 8 according to the invention, in which the adhesive layer 12, when the thermal insulation composite is used as internal insulation, in the direction of the interior, ie in the vicinity of the interior facing side of the thermal insulation composite 8 tapers. For example, this taper may begin in the range of five to ten millimeters from the said side. In this way, one arrives at a very narrow adhesive layer strip, which then remains on the interior of the facing side of the thermal insulation composite 8. This makes it possible to reduce the risk of signing due to temperature differences between the adhesive layer and Dämmmaterialeinheiten 10 again. Such temperature-related markings are then no longer to be feared even after prolonged use.

The embodiment according to FIG. 6 is essentially the same as the FIG. 5 with the difference that, similar to the embodiment according to FIG. 3 in that the adhesive layer 12 has coarser pores on the side facing the exterior wall of the building than on the side facing the interior.

FIG. 7 schematically shows an embodiment of a method according to the invention for the production of thermal insulation joints according to the invention. Here, a polystyrene particle foam block 14 is cut, for example, with height (H) and width (B) oscillating hot wires in strips 16 having dimensions (1,000 mm x 20 to 150 mm) x (insulation thickness), for example (step b )). Subsequently, the base plates 16 are applied on one side with a binder-containing adhesive composition 12, for example by means of coating (step c)) and glued together again (step d)). Then you can optionally make one or both sides of the Besäumschnitte to have a smooth edge termination (step e)). Then, the reassembled ingot or sandwich block, for example by cutting by means of hot wire, isolated along the length (L) and width extension (B) of this ingot (step f)). The thermal insulation composites formed in this step and formed from over-hardened adhesive layers 12/18 Dämmmaterialeinheiten formed eg can be used as such (8/20) or in smaller sized thermal insulation composites (8) are split (indicated in step g)). Either at this stage of the process or after the subdivision into smaller thermal insulation composites (8), their first or front and / or second or rear side can be provided with a capillary-active coating material (step h)).

FIG. 8 shows a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention for the production of thermal insulation joints according to the invention. Here, the ingot 14 is separated from, for example, polystyrene by means of, for example, hot wires in length (L) and width (B) to form a plurality of adjacent base plates 16 (see b)). Subsequently, these plates 16 are coated on one side with a binder-containing adhesive composition 12/18 (step c)) and glued together again to form a sandwich block (step d)). This can optionally be a one- or two-sided trimming cut to produce smooth edge surfaces (step e)). This consisting of glued single plates 16 sandwich or ingot is preferably, as shown in step f), separated from that side in height (H) and width (B) in separate thermal insulation composites 8/20, in the ingot in the respective adhesive layers 12/18 lead. In this way, one obtains individual thermal insulation composites 8/20 (see step g)), which in turn can be divided into smaller units (8) (see step h)). The front and / or back coating of these thermal insulation composites can be made on the process step g) and / or h).

FIG. 9 shows a section of a further development of the method according to the invention. In this case, at the process stage according to step b), as in FIG. 8 shown, at least one, in particular several, not immediately adjacent and preferably each after next (xx) isolated base plate 16 before bonding with the binder-containing adhesive composition with the adjacent base plate in particular by 180 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of expansion LA and / or about the width extension axis BA and / or about the height extension axis HA is rotated by 180 °. Preferably, at least one, in particular a plurality, in each case not immediately adjacent, and particularly preferably each after next (xx) base plate is rotated by 180 ° about the longitudinal extension axis LA prior to bonding to the, in particular adjacent, base plate. In this way, internal stresses that occur in the sandwich or ingot, can be canceled, so that the ultimately resulting thermal insulation composite is relatively stress-free and even with prolonged storage shows no delay.

The features of the invention disclosed in the foregoing description, in the claims and in the drawings may be essential both individually and in any combination for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments.

Claims (23)

1. A plate-shaped thermal insulation composite (8) for internal insulation having a first side and an opposite second side, comprising at least two insulation material units (10) each having length, height and width extensions and having an edge profile and/or surface, at least in sections, along the length and width extensions, wherein adjacent insulation material units (10) are glued along these edge profiles which abut each other having at least one binding material-containing adhesive composition (12) which is, in particular, applied by means of spreading, rolling, knife coating, casting and/or spraying, wherein the adhesive layer formed from this composition is capillary-active in the cured state and extends, at least in sections, from the first side to the second side, characterized in that at least two adjacent, in particular all of the, insulation material units (10) are formed from foam products or comprise these.
2. The thermal insulation composite (8) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the at least two insulation material units (10) constitute cuboid-shaped or cube-shaped insulation material units (10).
3. The thermal insulation composite (8) according to Claim 2, characterized in that the foam products are selected from the group consisting of cellular glass, expanded styrene polymers, in particular expanded polystyrene, expanded polypropylene, elastomer foam, polyisocyanurate foam, polyethylene foam, phenolic resin foam, polyurethane hard foam, urea formaldehyde resin foam, hydrophobized silicic acid, hydrophobized aerogels, extruded styrene polymers, in particular extruded polystyrene foam, expanded cork or any mixture of these components.
4. The thermal insulation composite (8) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adhesive composition (12) containing binding-materials, but in particular not containing any fillers, contains, in particular exclusively, mineral binding materials, in particular hydratic and/or hydraulic binding materials which are, in particular, selected from the group consisting of cement, lime, plaster, alumina cement, water glass or any mixtures thereof, as binding materials.
5. The thermal insulation composite (8) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the binding material-containing adhesive composition (12) contains at least one fiber material, in particular synthetic fibers, natural fibers, mineral fibers, e.g. basalt, ceramic and/or glass fibers, or any mixtures thereof, preferably with an average length of the fibers of a maximum of 16 mm, in particular of a maximum of 12 mm and, particularly preferably, of a maximum of 8 mm.
6. The thermal insulation composite (8) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in the cured state, the adhesive layer (12) contains capillaries with an average diameter less than or equal to 100 nm, in particular less than or equal to 80 nm and, particularly preferably, less than or equal to 50 nm.
7. The thermal insulation composite (8) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in the cured state, the adhesive layer (12) has an average thickness of a maximum of 1.0 mm, in particular of a maximum of 0.7 mm and, particularly preferably, of a maximum of 0.5 mm, and/or that, in the cured state, the adhesive layer (12) has a maximum thickness of 2.0 mm, in particular 1.5 mm and, particularly preferably, 1.0 mm, and/or that the average width of the insulation material units (10) and/or of the edge profiles along the length and width extensions is in the range of 10 mm to 200 mm, in particular in the range of 20 mm to 160 mm and preferably in the range of 40 mm to 140 mm.
8. The thermal insulation composite (8) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two, in particular adjacent, insulation material units (10), in particular all of the insulation material units (10), comprise expanded styrene polymers, in particular expanded polystyrene, or consist thereof.
9. The thermal insulation composite (8) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first side, in particular in the region of the adhesive layer (12) extending from the first side to the second side, is provided, at least in sections, in particular completely, with at least one capillary active first coating material which is connected, at least in sections, in a capillary active form with at least one adhesive layer (12), and/or that the second side, in particular in the region of the adhesive layer (12) extending from the first side to the second side, is provided, at least in sections, in particular completely, with at least one capillary-active second coating material which is connected, at least in sections, in a capillary-active form with at least one adhesive layer (12).
10. The thermal insulation composite (8) according to Claim 9, characterized in that the first and the second coating materials substantially coincide, in particular with regard to the composition and/or thickness of the application of these coating materials, and/or that the first and/or the second coating material comprise(s) the binding material-containing adhesive composition (12) or is/are formed therefrom.
11. The thermal insulation composite (8) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two adjacent adhesive layers (12), in particular all of the adhesive layers (12), extend, at least in sections, substantially parallel to one another.
12. The thermal insulation composite (8) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said thermal insulation composite constitutes a thermal insulation panel, in particular an internal thermal insulation panel, preferably having a polygonal basic form, in particular selected from square, rectangular or triangular basic forms.
13. The thermal insulation composite (8) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one adhesive layer (12), in particular all of the adhesive layers (12), extend(s) along the, in particular the entire, longitudinal extension of the same.
14. A thermal insulation composite area (6), in particular a thermal insulation panel area, comprising at least two, in particular a plurality of, thermal insulation composites (8) according to any one of Claims 1 to 13, each having a first side and an opposite second side and an, at least in sections, circumferential edge profile and/or edge surface connecting the first and second sides and having length and width extensions, wherein adjacent thermal insulation composites are adjacent, in particular flush, at least in sections, along their edge profiles and/or surfaces.
15. A thermal insulation composite area (6) or thermal insulation panel area, comprising at least two, in particular a plurality of, thermal insulation composites (8) according to any one of Claims 1 to 13, each having a first side and an opposite second side and an, at least in sections, circumferential edge profile and/or edge surface connecting the first and second sides and having length and width extensions, wherein adjacent thermal insulation composites (8) are glued to one another, at least in sections, along their edges surfaces with at least one binding material-containing adhesive composition (12), in particular in a flush manner, wherein the adhesive layer (12) formed from this composition is capillary-active in the cured state and extends, at least in sections, from the first side to the second side.
16. The thermal insulation composite area (6) or thermal insulation panel area according to Claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the foam product of the thermal insulation composites contains or is formed from cellular glass, expanded styrene polymers, in particular expanded polystyrene, expanded polypropylene, elastomer foam, polyisocyanurate foam, polyethylene foam, phenolic resin foam, polyurethane hard foam, urea formaldehyde resin foam, hydrophobized silicic acid, hydrophobized aerogels, extruded styrene polymers, in particular extruded polystyrene foam, expanded cork or any mixture thereof.
17. The process for the preparation of at least one thermal insulation composite (8) according to any one of Claims 1 to 13, comprising the steps:

    1) Provision of at least two insulation material units (10) each having length, height and width extensions and having an edge profile and/or surface, at least in sections, along the length and width extensions,

    2) Provision of at least one adhesive composition (12) containing binding material, in particular containing hydratic and/or hydraulic binding materials, which is capillary active in the cured state,

    3) Application of the binding material-containing adhesive composition (12) and, if necessary, at least one fiber material, to the edge profile and/or surface of a first insulation material unit (10),

    4) If necessary, application of the binding material-containing adhesive composition (12) and, if necessary, at least one fiber material, to the edge profile and/or surface of a second insulation material unit (10),

    5) Joining together of the edge profile of the first insulation material unit (10) containing the binding material-containing adhesive composition (12) and the edge profile of the second insulation material unit (10), if necessary also containing a binding material-containing adhesive composition (12),

    6) Curing of the binding material-containing adhesive composition (12) located between the insulation material units (10) joined together, forming an adhesive layer (12),

    7) If necessary, repetition of steps 3) to 6) with a third and/or additional insulating material unit (10),

    forming a thermal insulation composite (8) having a front side and an opposite rear side, wherein at least one capillary active adhesive layer (12) extends in sections from the front side to the rear side.
18. The method for the preparation of at least one thermal insulation composite (8) according to any one of Claims 1 to 13, comprising, in particular in this order, the steps:

    a) Provision of a rough block (14) of at least one foam product having length, height and width extensions, in particular having a polygonal, preferably rectangular, square or triangular cross-section,

    b) Provision of at least one adhesive composition (12) containing binding materials, in particular containing hydratic and/or hydraulic binding materials, which is capillary active in the cured state,

    c) Separation, in particular cutting, of the rough block (14) in the length and width extensions into at least two, in particular a plurality of, in particular substantially uniformly sized, base panels (16) having a front side and a rear side,

    d) Application of the adhesive composition (12) and, if necessary, at least one fiber material to the rear side of a first base panel (16),

    e) Gluing of this rear side to the front side of a second base panel (16), in particular of the adjacent base panel (16) on separating, if necessary also comprising a binding material-containing adhesive composition (12) and/or, if necessary, at least one fiber material,

    f) Gluing of the rear side of the second base panel (16) containing the binding material-containing adhesive composition (12) to the front side of a third base panel (16), in particular of the adjacent base panel (16) on separating, if necessary containing a binding material-containing adhesive composition (12),

    g) If necessary, repetition, in particular several times, of steps e) and f) with additional base panels (16), in particular adjacent base panels (16) on separating,
    wherein steps c), d), e), f) and, if necessary, g) produce a sandwich block having length, height and width extensions which preferably substantially correspond to those of the rough block (14),

    h) Separation, in particular cutting, of the sandwich block in the height and width extensions into at least two, in particular a plurality of, in particular substantially uniformly sized, thermal insulation composites (8), in particular thermal insulation composite panels, having a front side and a rear side;

    or
    comprising, in particular in this order, the steps:

    a') Provision of a rough block (14) of at least one foam product having length, height and width extensions, in particular having a polygonal, preferably rectangular, square or triangular cross-section,

    b') Provision of at least one adhesive composition (12) containing binding materials, in particular containing hydratic and/or hydraulic binding materials, which is capillary-active in the cured state,

    c') Separation, in particular cutting, of the rough block (14) in the height and width extensions into at least two, in particular a plurality of, in particular substantially uniformly sized, base panels (16) having a front side and a rear side,

    d') Application of the adhesive composition (12) and, if necessary, at least one fiber material to the rear side of a first base panel (16),

    e') Gluing of this rear side to the front side of a second base panel (16), in particular of the adjacent base panel (16) on separating, if necessary also comprising a binding material-containing adhesive composition (12) and/or, if necessary, at least one fiber material,

    f') Gluing of the rear side of the second base panel (16) containing the binding material-containing adhesive composition (12) to the front side of a third base panel (16), in particular of the adjacent base panel (16) on separating, if necessary containing a binding material-containing adhesive composition (12),

    g') If necessary, repetition, in particular several times, of steps e') and f') with additional base panels (16), in particular adjacent base panels (16) on separating, wherein steps c'), d'), e'), f') and, if necessary, g') produce a sandwich block having length, height and width extensions which substantially correspond to those of the rough block (14),

    h') Separation, in particular cutting, of the sandwich block in the length and width extensions into at least two, in particular a plurality of, in particular substantially uniformly sized, thermal insulation composites (8), in particular thermal insulation composite panels, having a front side and a rear side.
19. The method according to Claim 18, characterized in that the separation, in particular the cutting, of the sandwich block in step h) or h') is done in such a way that i) the base panels (16) glued together are separated transversely to the orientation of the front and rear sides or ii) the base panels (16) glued together are each separated in the direction from the front side to the rear side, or vice versa.
20. The method according to any one of Claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the front side of the thermal insulation composite (8), in particular in the region of the adhesive layer (12) extending from the front side to the rear side, is provided, at least in sections, in particular completely, with at least one capillary active first coating material, which is connected, at least in sections, in a capillary active form with at least one adhesive layer (12), in particular a plurality of adhesive layers (12), and/or that the rear side of the thermal insulation composite (8), in particular in the region of the adhesive layer (12) extending from the front side to the rear side, is provided, at least in sections, in particular completely, with at least one capillary active second coating material, which is connected, at least in sections, in a capillary active form with at least one adhesive layer (12), in particular, a plurality of adhesive layers (12).
21. The method according to any one of Claims 17 to 20, characterized in that the binding material-containing adhesive composition (12) and/or the first coating material and/or the second coating material is/are applied by means of spreading, rolling, knife coating, casting and/or spraying.
22. The method according to any one of Claims 18 to 21, characterized in that at least one base panel (16), in particular a plurality of not immediately adjacent, preferably substantially every next but one, base panels (16), obtained by separation from the rough block (14), preferably being retained in their sequence of adjacent base panels (16) in each case, following the separation and prior to the gluing of the, in particular adjacent, base panels (16), are rotated about the axis of the longitudinal extension and/or about the axis of the width extension and/or about the axis of the height extension, preferably about the axis of the longitudinal extension, by 180°.
23. Use of the (plate-shaped) thermal insulation composites (8) according to any one of Claims 1 to 13 or of the thermal insulation composite area (6), in particular of the thermal insulation panel area, according to any one of Claims 14 to 16, for the thermal insulation of buildings, in particular of external walls (2), particularly preferably on the inner side (4) of these external walls (2).

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