EP2740142B1 - Anode having a linear main extension direction - Google Patents
Anode having a linear main extension direction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2740142B1 EP2740142B1 EP12775119.6A EP12775119A EP2740142B1 EP 2740142 B1 EP2740142 B1 EP 2740142B1 EP 12775119 A EP12775119 A EP 12775119A EP 2740142 B1 EP2740142 B1 EP 2740142B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- track layer
- focal track
- focal
- anode body
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/02—Details
- H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
- H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
- H01J35/10—Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes
- H01J35/105—Cooling of rotating anodes, e.g. heat emitting layers or structures
- H01J35/106—Active cooling, e.g. fluid flow, heat pipes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/02—Details
- H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
- H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
- H01J35/112—Non-rotating anodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/02—Details
- H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
- H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
- H01J35/12—Cooling non-rotary anodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
- H01J9/14—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of non-emitting electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J2235/06—Cathode assembly
- H01J2235/068—Multi-cathode assembly
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J2235/08—Targets (anodes) and X-ray converters
- H01J2235/081—Target material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J2235/08—Targets (anodes) and X-ray converters
- H01J2235/083—Bonding or fixing with the support or substrate
- H01J2235/084—Target-substrate interlayers or structures, e.g. to control or prevent diffusion or improve adhesion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J2235/08—Targets (anodes) and X-ray converters
- H01J2235/086—Target geometry
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/02—Details
- H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
- H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
- H01J35/12—Cooling non-rotary anodes
- H01J35/13—Active cooling, e.g. fluid flow, heat pipes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an anode with a linear direction of main extent for an X-ray device and a method for producing an anode with a linear direction of main extent for an X-ray device.
- Anodes for X-ray devices are known in principle. They are used to emit X-rays by electron bombardment in conjunction with a cathode. Known anodes are used for this purpose in interaction with the cathode, for example in computer tomographs or luggage X-ray devices.
- the known anodes of such X-ray devices are usually designed as a fixed standing anode with a focal spot or as a rotating anode with a focal track.
- Standing anodes are used as fixed components to be bombarded with an electron beam and then to emit the desired X-ray radiation.
- a focal path covering is provided, which is arranged rotating on a disk. Due to the rotation of the disk, only part of the focal path coating is hit by the electron beam, so that the remaining area of the focal path coating can cool down.
- a disadvantage of known anodes for X-ray devices is that they necessitate a relatively complex construction if high resolution is to be achieved at high energies. Then either standing anodes or rotating anodes are necessary, such rotating anodes also being mechanically movable over a certain range in addition to the rotation.
- a three-dimensional acquisition of x-ray images is particularly desirable, so that not only does the rotating anode itself move in a rotating manner, but the entire x-ray device must also be movable.
- the mechanical components required for this, which are necessary for the relative movement, are very noisy in use and also prone to errors.
- DE 28 22 241 discloses an anode comprising a gold or tungsten anode target mounted on a copper or silver anode support. This anode is not suitable for high power requirements.
- an anode is also known in which, by moving the anode during a single exposure, the heat load is distributed over a larger area and in this way overheating of the anode is avoided.
- the pamphlet DE 28 11 464 A1 discloses a circular anode in which the electron beam is guided in a circle around the object to be analyzed with X-ray radiation, as a result of which the local heat input can also be reduced. Due to the material used for the base body of the anode (copper), this anode is also not suitable for high-performance requirements.
- the object of the present invention is to at least partially eliminate the above-described disadvantages of known anodes.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an anode with a linear main extension direction for an X-ray device and a method for the production of such an anode, with the help of which long focal paths can also be achieved with high mechanical stability.
- this goal should be achieved in a cost-effective and simple manner.
- a linear main direction of extent is to be understood as meaning a direction of extent which runs along a straight line or along a curved line.
- the anode can be designed essentially in the form of a bar, for example, with this bar having a cuboid design.
- a cuboid that has a curvature over at least part of its course is also an anode with a linear main extension direction.
- the anode is in particular a static anode which is not designed to rotate but may be movable. It therefore differs explicitly from a known rotary anode.
- anode with a focal point, since a focal path covering is provided on the anode, which makes a large number of focal points available.
- Such an anode can be used, for example, with a large number of cathodes, as can be made available, for example, by so-called carbon nanotubes (CNT).
- CNT carbon nanotubes
- the movable design of the anode is given in particular in the small frame, so that small compensation shifts or Angular changes of the anode can be generated by such mobility.
- the bond can be achieved in different ways.
- the focal path coating it is possible for the focal path coating to be designed to be directly integral with the focal path coating volume section. This would be achieved, for example, by melting the focal path coating on and off.
- one or more layers it is also possible for one or more layers to achieve the desired material connection.
- a soldered connection provides one or more such layers as a material connection. If more than one layer is used for the material connection, it is important that each of these layers is materially connected to the adjacent layer or to the focal path coating and/or the focal path coating volume section. In such a case, there would be a material connection cascade.
- the focal path coating With an anode according to the invention, it is possible for the focal path coating to be designed in particular as a single focal path coating.
- the configuration of the firing coating according to the invention is preferably in an unsegmented manner, so that a firing path coating of essentially any length can be created.
- the length of the focal path coating is fundamentally not limited here. This is achieved by providing a base matrix of refractory metal for the burn sheet volume portion material. This means that a high melting point of the focal path coating volume section is accompanied by a high melting point of the focal path coating itself.
- the thermal expansion coefficients of the focal path coating volume section and the focal path coating approach each other as a result of a design according to the invention.
- the two are different Thermal expansion coefficients only very low, especially in percentage terms.
- the coating of the focal path heats up as a result of the bombardment with electrons.
- This heating leads to the heat being dissipated downwards, which also causes the volume section of the focal path covering underneath to heat up.
- This heating is accompanied by a thermal expansion of the focal path coating and of the focal path coating volume section. Due to the configuration according to the invention, however, this respective thermal expansion is similar to one another or differs only slightly.
- an anode By providing a material with at least one basic matrix of high-melting metal for the focal path coating volume section, an anode is made available whose differences in the thermal expansion between the focal path coating and the focal path coating volume section are only very small. Due to the small difference in thermal expansion, the resulting bond stress is also reduced. Since such bond stress can be seen as one of the reasons for bending of the anode, as well as tearing of the connection area between the focal path coating and the focal path coating volume section, this risk is reduced or minimized by the present invention. As a result of this reduction in the risk of tearing open and bending, a significantly longer extension of the focal path coating can be implemented in an anode according to the invention. Compared to known anodes, individual focal path coatings that are one or even several meters long can also be achieved with an anode according to the invention.
- the difference in thermal expansion with respect to the material of the focal path coating and the material of the focal path coating volume section is less than 5 ⁇ 10 -6 1/K, in particular less than 2 ⁇ 10 -6 1/K.
- the material of the focal track can, for example, comprise at least mainly molybdenum or tungsten.
- it is a tungsten-based alloy.
- Another component of such an alloy can be rhenium, for example.
- the term "high-melting metal” means in particular a metal whose melting point is above 2000.degree.
- the materials both for the focal path covering and for the focal path covering volume section, in particular its at least one basic matrix, are preferably recrystallized materials.
- the cooling channel can be a simple bore, or else a more complex design. It is thus possible, for example, for the cooling channel to be delimited by a separate wall which is in contact with the anode body. It is also possible for such a tube to be made of a different material, such as copper or steel, for example, to form the wall. Of course, tubes made of materials that correspond to the material of the anode body, in particular of the volume section of the focal path coating, are also conceivable. It is also advantageous if the walls themselves are formed in one piece with the anode body and/or the volume section of the focal path coating.
- An anode according to the invention can be developed in such a way that the anode body has a monolithic design.
- a monolithic design is to be understood as meaning production from a single piece of material. In this way, a particularly compact and particularly dense production can be achieved, in particular with regard to the cooling channel. Furthermore no additional connection steps of individual components for the anode body have to be carried out.
- the focal track coating volume section is a monolithic part of the anode body. In this case, despite the monolithic configuration, a different material configuration of the combustion path coating volume section can be provided in comparison to the rest of the anode body.
- the part which has the volume section of the focal path coating and in which the cooling channel runs is a monolithic part.
- a composite can be produced in this way that entails particularly low composite stresses.
- quality control with regard to the possible types of connection between otherwise necessary individual components can be dispensed with.
- the volume section of the focal path coating and the focal path coating consist of the same material.
- the same material both for the focal path covering and for the focal covering volume section brings with it the advantage that there are no longer any differences, or essentially no differences, with regard to the thermal expansion coefficients of the two materials.
- the two adjoining components, which are in a materially bonded connection with one another, are therefore free from differences in terms of their thermal expansion. Any bond stresses that may arise between these components therefore only result from possible temperature differences, which, however, are significantly lower than would be the case with different thermal expansion coefficients of different materials.
- a temperature is substantially continuously distributed across the various components. Temperature kinks and thus expansion jumps between individual components are avoided in this way.
- Such an embodiment can be described as a particularly advantageous, in particular as an ideal state.
- the anode body essentially consists of a single material, namely the material of the volume section of the focal path coating.
- the anode body can be manufactured either in a built-up manner and/or by machining by milling and/or drilling. In addition to manufacturing, an advantage is also achieved in use.
- connection parts are preferably not formed monolithically, but are part of the anode body. They can also consist of the same material as the focal track coating volume section.
- the focal path coating and the anode body are monolithic in an anode according to the invention.
- all the materials of the focal path coating and the anode body are made of tungsten or have a tungsten-based alloy as the basic matrix.
- This embodiment entails that focal path coating and anode body through the monolithic Embodiment produce the desired material connection and moreover preferably one and the same material is used for everything. In addition to the even further simplified production, this results in an ideal state with regard to the composite stresses occurring between the individual components, namely the volume section of the focal path coating, the rest of the anode body and the focal path coating itself.
- the anode body is designed in at least two parts, with the individual parts extending along the main direction of extent of the combustion path coating and being connected to one another in a materially bonded manner.
- curved anodes can be produced particularly cost-effectively, that is to say an anode which is oriented along a curved line along its main linear extension direction.
- two half-shells can be manufactured, from the opposite contact surface of which a milling is carried out to create the cooling channel.
- Alignment options for the individual components relative to one another are also possible in order to connect the individual anode body components to one another.
- the connection is preferably made by a material-to-material method, such as a soldering or welding process.
- the cooling channel is formed by at least two parts of the anode body. In this way an even freer geometry of the channel is possible.
- the explicit position of the channel within the anode body, as well as the course of the cooling channel and possible variations in the cross section of the cooling channel are possible with this embodiment through appropriate control of the milling process during production of the cooling channel.
- the cooling channel is designed to be vacuum-tight in the anode body.
- the cooling channel is formed directly, so to speak.
- An additional seal, such as separate hoses or pipes, is not required.
- a post-processing to create the vacuum tightness can therefore stay away.
- vacuum-tight means a cooling channel that has a helium leak rate of less than or equal to 1 ⁇ 10 -8 mbar/s according to the measurement method according to DIN EN 13185 according to the measurement methods of group A.
- the cooling channel can be designed cost-effectively and directly in order to carry a cooling fluid.
- additional connection options such as connection sockets, are also to be provided in order to introduce the coolant into the cooling channel in the desired manner, or to remove it again from this cooling channel.
- the anode body has an acute-angled side surface, at least in the region of the volume section of the focal path coating, on which the focal path coating is at least partially arranged.
- the acute-angled position enables an even better arrangement in the X-ray apparatus.
- the connection in the X-ray device can be freely selected in this way, since the alignment of the focal path coating takes place through the acute-angled positioning of the side surface.
- the alignment of the acute angle is preferably such that when the anode is arranged in the x-ray device, the x-ray radiation emerges with the highest intensity in the desired direction. In particular, this is the case in the range from 7 to 15° starting from the focal path coating.
- a bond that is designed to be tungsten-based or molybdenum-based is to be understood in particular as a bond with another metal.
- the other metal can, for example, be a metal with high thermal conductivity, such as copper.
- pores in a tungsten base matrix or a molybdenum base matrix or a high-melting metal of a different type are used as the base matrix in order to be filled with another metal.
- heat conduction channels can be created in this way, which enable improved heat dissipation from the focal path coating to the cooling channel.
- the basic matrix of the refractory metal has the advantages that have already been described in the introduction to this invention with regard to less bending and the reduction in the risk of tearing open the material connection between the volume section of the focal path coating and the focal path coating.
- the pore sizes in a composite are preferably between 2 and 100 ⁇ m, in particular between 2 and 50 ⁇ m. Such a pore size serves to ensure that adequate heat dissipation is possible through correspondingly embedded metals, and at the same time the necessary heat resistance with regard to the melting point and with regard to the thermal expansion coefficient is achieved.
- a maximum of one intermediate layer is arranged for producing the integral connection between the combustion path coating and the combustion path coating volume section.
- This intermediate layer is bonded both to the focal path coating and to the focal path coating volume section.
- a materially connected intermediate layer is solder. This establishes the material connection to the focal path covering as well as to the focal path covering volume section by means of a soldering process.
- At least one wall section of the cooling channel is aligned parallel or essentially parallel to the focal path coating.
- the wall section of the cooling channel runs at least in sections along the main direction of extent of the anode.
- the distance of at least this wall section of the cooling channel from the focal path covering section is kept essentially constant over the width and over the length of the focal path covering. It is thus ensured that a substantially constant removal of heat from the focal path covering is made possible over the entire course of the focal path covering. This is to avoid isolated heat islands to ensure that the burn sheet allows for constant and substantially continuous aging in use over the entire history of the burn sheet.
- the cooling channel can have different configurations. In particular with regard to its free flow cross section, it must be adapted to the need for the fluid flow of the cooling fluid. Both round, semi-circular, rectangular, as well as square or other shaped opening cross-sections for the Cooling channel conceivable. In addition to the necessary flow conditions in the interior of the cooling channel, consideration should preferably also be given to the corresponding manufacturing processes to be used.
- the channel As an alternative to a completely parallel design of the channel, it is also possible for the channel to run along the length of the focal path coating at an ever-decreasing distance. Since the cooling fluid in the interior of the cooling channel absorbs heat over the course of the cooling channel, the heat difference will decrease in the course of the cooling channel to the focal path coating. In order to still achieve essentially constant cooling or an essentially constant temperature for the focal path covering, a substantially constant temperature of the focal path covering can be achieved by varying the degree of heat dissipation by varying the distance between the cooling channel and the focal path covering.
- the cooling channel of the anode is designed for the direct conduction of a cooling fluid.
- the cooling fluid is preferably a liquid.
- the channel is therefore designed to be correspondingly tight, in particular liquid-tight, so that an additional seal is no longer necessary.
- an internal hose or an internal pipe can be prevented in this way.
- the reduction in complexity brings with it cost advantages in production and in the selection of materials.
- possible bond stresses between additionally required materials of the otherwise additionally required seals are avoided in this embodiment.
- the wall of the cooling channel is therefore already part of the anode body or part of the volume section of the focal path coating.
- the focal path coating has a length that is greater than twice the width of the focal path coating.
- lengths of 20 to 1500 mm are advantageous.
- the large lengths of more than one meter for a focal path coating are advantageous, since a particularly large anode can be produced according to the present invention, despite the manufacturing effort.
- anodes according to the present invention can enable a particularly large area for X-ray monitoring or the generation of X-ray images.
- a computer tomograph which is intended to generate 360° circumferential X-ray images in three-dimensional imaging methods, it is sufficient, for example, if four such anodes according to the invention, each curved by 90°, cover the circumferential circumference of such a computer tomograph.
- the necessary intersections or overlaps at the joints between the individual anodes are thus minimized, so that higher resolutions can be achieved with the anode being manufactured more cost-effectively at the same time.
- the width of a focal track covering according to the invention is, for example, 10 to 20 mm.
- the factors relating to the length of the focal path coating are preferably greater than twice the width, in particular greater than five times the width, preferably greater than ten times the width of the focal path coating.
- the main advantages of the present invention are obtained when the length of the focal liner is one hundred or even one hundred and fifty times the width of the focal liner.
- a further subject matter of the present invention is a method for producing an anode with a linear main extension direction for an X-ray device, having the steps as defined in claim 12.
- This method is used in particular to produce an anode according to the invention.
- a curvature can be created during the formation of a cooling duct according to the invention, such that an anode with a linear skin extension can also be achieved with a method according to the invention, with the skin extension direction extending along a straight line or along a linear curvature.
- Further connecting parts can then be carried out, for example, by means of a material-to-material method, or together during the material-to-material connection of at least the focal path covering.
- Such connection parts are, for example, connection sockets for the cooling fluid or sealing plugs for openings in the anode body.
- FIG 1 a first embodiment of an anode according to the invention -10- is shown in schematic cross section. It is easy to see here that this embodiment is an anode body -20- with two parts -20a- and -20b-.
- the first part -20a- of the anode body -20- has the focal path coating volume section -22-.
- the focal path covering -30- is integrally connected to this focal path covering volume section -22-.
- a single intermediate layer -50- is provided between the focal path covering -30- and the focal path covering volume section -22-. This single intermediate layer -50- is designed as a solder layer and is cohesively connected both to the focal path covering -30- and to the focal path covering volume section -22-.
- both the intermediate layer -50- and the focal path coating -30- are accommodated in a recessed manner in the anode body -20-, in particular the first part -20a- of the anode body -20-. Since the focal path covering -30- is under very high electrical voltage, the recessed arrangement prevents a voltage flashover, ie an arc, at the edges of the focal path covering -30-.
- the cooling channel -40- is formed between the two parts -20a- and -20b- of the anode body -20-. Later, such training with reference to the Figures 2a, 2b and 2c explained in more detail.
- the cooling channel -40- is for connection to a Provide external coolant supply with a connection -60-.
- This connection -60- is an inserted socket which is connected to at least one or both parts -20a- and -20b- of the anode body -20-, for example by means of a material connection method.
- This integral connection is also achieved in particular by a soldering process.
- the connection -60- can also protrude in other directions in other geometries, for example leading into the cooling channel -40- from below. In this case, an application-specific alignment is carried out in particular, so that the connection -60- is set with reference to the space requirement when using the anode -10- according to the invention.
- the Figures 2a to 2c show three different variants of how the anode body -20- can be assembled to form the cooling channel -40-. All of these variants have in common that, as in the embodiment of figure 1 , the focal path coating -30- is connected to the focal path coating volume section -22- via a single intermediate layer -50.
- the anode body -20- in all of these three variants is in each case constructed in several parts, in particular in two parts, from a first part -20a- and a second part -20b-.
- the cooling channel is formed through both parts -20a- and -20b- of the anode body -20-.
- the cooling channel -40- has a round flow cross section, so that a semicircular free cross section is formed in the respective part -20a- and -20b- of the anode body -20-.
- the first part -20a- is preferably made entirely of the material of the volume section of the focal path coating, ie in particular a tungsten-based or molybdenum-based alloy.
- the second part -20b- of the anode body -20-, which terminates below the cooling channel can also be made of a less expensive material, for example stainless steel or copper.
- FIG 2b a two-piece embodiment of the anode body -20- is shown.
- the cooling channel -40- is formed only in the lower part -20b- of the anode body -20-.
- This has the advantage that a cutting Processing or other training of the cooling channel -40- only has to take place in one of the two parts -20a- and -20b- of the anode body -20-. This reduces the vertical range of manufacture for such an anode according to the invention -10-.
- the first part -20a- is placed on the second part -20b-.
- the two parts -20a- and -20b- of the anode body -20- are bonded to one another, for example by a soldering process.
- the cooling channel -40- is designed to be essentially completely vacuum-tight, so that it can be used directly, that is to say without the further introduction of an additional tube as a wall, for conveying cooling fluid.
- Figure 2c shows an embodiment of an anode -10- according to the invention, in which the cooling channel -40- has a semi-circular cross-section.
- the focal track coating volume section -22- is essentially equal to the first part -20a- of the anode body -20-.
- the two parts -20a- and -20b- are bonded to one another, so that a vacuum-tight closure of the cooling channel -40- is achieved.
- the refractory metal is reduced to a minimum in terms of volume expansion, at least as the basic matrix for the focal path covering volume section -22-. Accordingly, this also reduces the correspondingly necessary costs for the entire anode -10- since, for example, a less expensive material can be used for the second part -20b-.
- FIG 3 a further embodiment of an anode according to the invention -10- is shown.
- This embodiment differs from figure 1 in that the cooling channel -40- is not only designed to be narrower, but also in relation to the focal path coating -30-, this focal path coating -30- approaches. Cooling fluid, which enters the cooling channel -40- through the connection -60-, will therefore minimize the distance to the focal path coating -30- to be cooled over the course of the cooling channel -40-. Poor heat dissipation will thus take place at the beginning and improved heat dissipation at the end of the cooling channel -40-. Since that Cooling fluid is heated over the course of the cooling channel -40-, a constant or essentially constant temperature of the combustion path covering -30- can be achieved with this configuration.
- FIGS. 5a to 5c describe two variants of the production of an anode according to the invention.
- the respective focal path coating -30- and the intermediate layer -50- are applied to a side surface of the anode body -20-.
- both the intermediate layer -50- and the focal path coating -30- are in a depression, so that the edges of the focal path coating -30- and the intermediate layer -50- are not visible in the real product are to avoid an unwanted electric arc.
- the Figures 4a to 4d show a variant of the production of an anode body -20-, which has a substantially monolithic embodiment.
- the anode body -20- is manufactured from an essentially ingot-shaped piece of high-melting metal.
- the corresponding side surfaces are machined and one side surface, which also at least partially forms the focal path coating volume section -22-, is set at an acute angle by milling.
- the cooling channel -40- is produced, for example, by machining in the form of using a drilling process.
- the intermediate layer -50- in the form of a solder and the focal path covering -30- can be placed on the focal path covering volume section -22-, so that the material-to-material connection is produced according to the invention by the material-to-material connection method, a soldering process.
- a curvature can then also be created.
- a curved side surface of the anode body -20- can be seen, so that a curved embodiment of the focal path coating -30- and the intermediate layer -50- is the result.
- full-circumferential images of an X-ray device such as in a computer tomograph or in a luggage scan tube, can be made possible by an anode -10- insert according to the invention.
- the Figures 5a to 5c show a variant in which a multi-part embodiment of the anode body -20- is used for the production of the anode -10-.
- the respective part -20a- and -20b- of the anode body -20- can be prefabricated separately, so that, for example, by milling as a machining operation, the cooling channel -40- in the individual parts -20a- and -20b- of the anode body - 20- can be trained.
- the individual parts are then assembled, so that the anode body -20- is produced by a cohesive connection of the parts -20a- and -20b-.
- the Figure 5c shows the final step at which, similar to Figure 4c , the focal path covering -30- and the intermediate layer -50- are placed and formed for the material connection.
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Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Anode mit linearer Haupterstreckungsrichtung für eine Röntgenvorrichtung sowie ein Verfahren für die Herstellung einer Anode mit linearer Haupterstreckungsrichtung für eine Röntgenvorrichtung.The present invention relates to an anode with a linear direction of main extent for an X-ray device and a method for producing an anode with a linear direction of main extent for an X-ray device.
Anoden für Röntgenvorrichtungen sind grundsätzlich bekannt. Sie werden verwendet, um im Zusammenspiel mit einer Kathode durch Elektronenbeschuss Röntgenstrahlung auszusenden. Hierfür sind bekannte Anoden in dem Zusammenspiel mit der Kathode zum Beispiel in Computertomographen oder Gepäckröntgengeräten eingesetzt. Die bekannten Anoden solcher Röntgenvorrichtungen sind üblicherweise als feste Stehanode mit einem Brennfleck oder als Drehanode mit einer Brennbahn ausgeführt. Stehanoden dienen dazu, als feststehende Bauteile mit einem Elektronenstrahl beschossen zu werden und anschließend die gewünschte Röntgenstrahlung auszusenden. Bei Drehanoden wird ein Brennbahnbelag vorgesehen, welcher rotierend auf einer Scheibe angeordnet ist. Durch die Rotation der Scheibe wird immer nur ein Teil des Brennbahnbelags von dem Elektronenstrahl getroffen, so dass der übrige Bereich des Brennbahnbelages abkühlen kann.Anodes for X-ray devices are known in principle. They are used to emit X-rays by electron bombardment in conjunction with a cathode. Known anodes are used for this purpose in interaction with the cathode, for example in computer tomographs or luggage X-ray devices. The known anodes of such X-ray devices are usually designed as a fixed standing anode with a focal spot or as a rotating anode with a focal track. Standing anodes are used as fixed components to be bombarded with an electron beam and then to emit the desired X-ray radiation. In the case of rotary anodes, a focal path covering is provided, which is arranged rotating on a disk. Due to the rotation of the disk, only part of the focal path coating is hit by the electron beam, so that the remaining area of the focal path coating can cool down.
Nachteilhaft bei bekannten Anoden für Röntgenvorrichtungen ist es, dass diese eine relativ aufwändige Konstruktion notwendig machen, wenn eine hohe Auflösung bei hohen Energien erzielt werden soll. Dann sind entweder Stehanoden oder Drehanoden notwendig, wobei solche Drehanoden darüber hinaus neben der Rotation auch zusätzlich mechanisch über einen gewissen Bereich bewegbar sind. Bei einem Computertomographen ist insbesondere eine dreidimensionale Erfassung von Röntgenbildern erwünscht, so dass sich nicht nur die Drehanode selbst rotierend bewegt, sondern darüber hinaus die gesamte Röntgenvorrichtung bewegbar sein muss. Die hierfür notwendigen mechanischen Bauteile, die für die Relativbewegung notwendig sind, sind einerseits sehr laut im Einsatz und darüber hinaus fehleranfällig.A disadvantage of known anodes for X-ray devices is that they necessitate a relatively complex construction if high resolution is to be achieved at high energies. Then either standing anodes or rotating anodes are necessary, such rotating anodes also being mechanically movable over a certain range in addition to the rotation. In a computer tomograph, a three-dimensional acquisition of x-ray images is particularly desirable, so that not only does the rotating anode itself move in a rotating manner, but the entire x-ray device must also be movable. The mechanical components required for this, which are necessary for the relative movement, are very noisy in use and also prone to errors.
Es wurde bereits vorgeschlagen, dass als Anoden für Röntgenvorrichtungen sogenannte lineare Erstreckungen für die Anoden eingesetzt werden. Dies ermöglicht es, dass eine Reduktion der mechanisch bewegten Teile erzielbar wird. Bekannte Anoden, ein Beispiel dafür ist in der Druckschrift
Aus der Druckschrift
Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung die voranstehend beschriebenen Nachteile bekannter Anoden zumindest teilweise zu beheben. Insbesondere ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung eine Anode mit linearer Haupterstreckungsrichtung für eine Röntgenvorrichtung sowie ein Verfahren für die Herstellung einer solchen Anode zur Verfügung zu stellen, mit deren Hilfe auch lange Brennbahnen bei hoher mechanischer Stabilität erzielbar sind.It is the object of the present invention to at least partially eliminate the above-described disadvantages of known anodes. In particular, the object of the present invention is to provide an anode with a linear main extension direction for an X-ray device and a method for the production of such an anode, with the help of which long focal paths can also be achieved with high mechanical stability.
Insbesondere soll dieses Ziel in kostengünstiger und einfacher Weise erreicht werden.In particular, this goal should be achieved in a cost-effective and simple manner.
Die voranstehende Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Anode mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 sowie durch ein Verfahren für die Herstellung einer Anode mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Anspruchs 12. Weitere Merkmale und Details der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, der Beschreibung und den Zeichnungen. Dabei gelten Merkmale und Details, die im Zusammenhang mit der erfindungsgemäßen Anode beschrieben sind, selbstverständlich auch im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren und jeweils umgekehrt, so dass bezüglich der Offenbarung zu den einzelnen Erfindungsaspekten stets wechselseitig Bezug genommen wird beziehungsweise werden kann.The above object is achieved by an anode having the features of independent claim 1 and by a method for producing an anode having the features of independent claim 12. Further features and details of the invention result from the dependent claims, the description and the drawings. Features and details that are described in connection with the anode according to the invention naturally also apply in connection with the method according to the invention and vice versa, so that the disclosure of the individual aspects of the invention is or can always be referred to reciprocally.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Anode für eine Röntgenvorrichtung weist eine lineare, sich entlang einer Geraden oder entlang eines linienförmigen Krümmungsverlaufs erstreckende Haupterstreckungsrichtung auf. Sie weist einen Anodenkörper und einen Brennbahnbelag auf, der an einem Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitt des Anodenkörpers stoffschlüssig über eine Lötverbindung mit dem Anodenkörper verbunden ist. Eine derartige Anode gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung kann auch als Röntgenanode mit linearer Haupterstreckungsrichtung bezeichnet werden. Eine erfindungsgemäße Anode zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass im Inneren des Anodenkörpers zumindest ein Kühlkanal für die Kühlung des Anodenkörpers und des Brennbahnbelags angeordnet ist und zumindest der Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitt aus einem Material mit wenigstens einer Grundmatrix aus hochschmelzendem Metall besteht. Weiter ist bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode vorgesehen, dass sich der Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitt bis zum Kühlkanal erstreckt. Der Brennbahnbelag stellt eine Vielzahl von Brennpunkten zur Verfügung und weist zudem eine Länge auf, die größer ist als die fünffache Breite des Brennbahnbelages. Der Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitt besteht zudem aus einem der folgenden Materialien:
- Wolfram,
- Molybdän,
- Wolframbasierte Legierung mit mehr als 50 Gewichtsprozent Wolfram,
- Molybdänbasierte Legierung mit mehr als 50 Gewichtsprozent Molybdän,
- Wolframbasierter Verbund mit mehr als 50 Gewichtsprozent Wolfram,
- Molybdänbasierter Verbund mit mehr als 50 Gewichtsprozent Molybdän.
- Tungsten,
- Molybdenum,
- Tungsten-based alloy containing more than 50% by weight tungsten,
- Molybdenum-based alloy with more than 50 percent by weight molybdenum,
- Tungsten-based composite with more than 50 percent by weight tungsten,
- Molybdenum-based compound with more than 50 percent by weight molybdenum.
Bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode ist unter einer linearen Haupterstreckungsrichtung eine Erstreckungsrichtung zu verstehen, welche entlang einer geraden oder entlang einer gekrümmten Linie verläuft. Mit anderen Worten kann die Anode zum Beispiel im Wesentlichen barrenförmig ausgebildet sein, wobei dieser Barren eine quaderförmige Ausbildung besitzt. Auch ein Quader, der zumindest über einen Teil seines Verlaufs eine Krümmung aufweist, ist im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung eine Anode mit linearer Haupterstreckungsrichtung. Die Anode ist dabei insbesondere eine statische Anode, die nicht drehend aber möglicherweise beweglich ausgeführt ist. Sie unterscheidet sich also explizit von einer bekannten Drehanode. Auch unterscheidet sie sich von einer rein statischen Anode mit einem Brennfleck, da auf der Anode ein Brennbahnbelag vorgesehen ist, der eine Vielzahl von Brennpunkten zur Verfügung stellt. Eine solche Anode ist zum Beispiel einsetzbar mit einer Vielzahl von Kathoden, wie sie zum Beispiel durch sogenannte Carbon Nano Tubes (CNT) zur Verfügung gestellt werden können. Die bewegliche Ausführung der Anode ist insbesondere im kleinen Rahmen gegeben, so dass kleine Ausgleichsverschiebungen beziehungsweise Winkelveränderungen der Anode durch eine solche Beweglichkeit erzeugt werden können.In the case of an anode according to the invention, a linear main direction of extent is to be understood as meaning a direction of extent which runs along a straight line or along a curved line. In other words, the anode can be designed essentially in the form of a bar, for example, with this bar having a cuboid design. In the context of the present invention, a cuboid that has a curvature over at least part of its course is also an anode with a linear main extension direction. In this case, the anode is in particular a static anode which is not designed to rotate but may be movable. It therefore differs explicitly from a known rotary anode. It also differs from a purely static anode with a focal point, since a focal path covering is provided on the anode, which makes a large number of focal points available. Such an anode can be used, for example, with a large number of cathodes, as can be made available, for example, by so-called carbon nanotubes (CNT). The movable design of the anode is given in particular in the small frame, so that small compensation shifts or Angular changes of the anode can be generated by such mobility.
Bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode kann der Stoffschluss in unterschiedlicher Weise erzielt werden. Grundsätzlich ist es möglich, dass der Brennbahnbelag direkt stoffschlüssig mit dem Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitt ausgeführt ist. Dies würde zum Beispiel durch ein Auf- und Einschmelzen des Brennbahnbelags erzielt werden. Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, dass eine oder mehrere Schichten den gewünschten Stoffschluss erzielen. Erfindungsgemäß stellt eine Lötverbindung eine oder mehrere solcher Schichten als Stoffschluss zur Verfügung. Werden mehr als eine Schicht für den Stoffschluss verwendet, so ist bedeutsam, dass jede dieser Schichten mit der benachbarten Schicht, beziehungsweise mit dem Brennbahnbelag und/oder dem Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitt miteinander in stoffschlüssiger Verbindung steht. In einem solchen Fall würde also eine Stoffschlusskaskade bestehen.With an anode according to the invention, the bond can be achieved in different ways. In principle, it is possible for the focal path coating to be designed to be directly integral with the focal path coating volume section. This would be achieved, for example, by melting the focal path coating on and off. Of course, it is also possible for one or more layers to achieve the desired material connection. According to the invention, a soldered connection provides one or more such layers as a material connection. If more than one layer is used for the material connection, it is important that each of these layers is materially connected to the adjacent layer or to the focal path coating and/or the focal path coating volume section. In such a case, there would be a material connection cascade.
Bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode ist es möglich, dass der Brennbahnbelag insbesondere als ein einziger Brennbahnbelag ausgeführt ist. Die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung des Brennbelags ist dabei vorzugsweise in unsegmentierter Weise, so dass ein im Wesentlichen beliebig langer Brennbahnbelag erstellt werden kann. Im Gegensatz zu den Problemen bei bekannten Anoden mit linearer Haupterstreckungsrichtung, ist eine Limitierung der Länge des Brennbahnbelags hier grundsätzlich nicht gegeben. Dies wird dadurch erzielt, dass eine Grundmatrix aus hochschmelzendem Metall für das Material des Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitts zur Verfügung gestellt wird. Dies führt dazu, dass ein hoher Schmelzpunkt des Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitts mit einem hohen Schmelzpunkt des Brennbahnbelags selbst einhergeht. Da ein hoher Schmelzpunkt für ein Material auch mit einer geringen thermischen Ausdehnung, also mit einem geringen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten, einhergeht, nähern sich durch eine erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung die Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten des Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitts und des Brennbahnbelags an. Mit anderen Worten unterscheiden sich die beiden Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten nur sehr gering, insbesondere in prozentualer Sicht.With an anode according to the invention, it is possible for the focal path coating to be designed in particular as a single focal path coating. The configuration of the firing coating according to the invention is preferably in an unsegmented manner, so that a firing path coating of essentially any length can be created. In contrast to the problems with known anodes with a linear main extension direction, the length of the focal path coating is fundamentally not limited here. This is achieved by providing a base matrix of refractory metal for the burn sheet volume portion material. This means that a high melting point of the focal path coating volume section is accompanied by a high melting point of the focal path coating itself. Since a high melting point for a material is also associated with low thermal expansion, ie with a low thermal expansion coefficient, the thermal expansion coefficients of the focal path coating volume section and the focal path coating approach each other as a result of a design according to the invention. In other words, the two are different Thermal expansion coefficients only very low, especially in percentage terms.
Wird nun eine erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Anode eingesetzt, so erwärmt sich durch den Beschuss mit Elektronen der Brennbahnbelag. Diese Erwärmung führt dazu, dass sich durch die Abfuhr der Wärme nach unten auch der darunter liegende Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitt erwärmt. Mit dieser Erwärmung einhergehend erfolgt eine thermische Ausdehnung des Brennbahnbelags sowie des Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitts. Aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung ist diese jeweilige thermische Ausdehnung zueinander jedoch ähnlich beziehungsweise unterscheidet sich nur in geringer Weise.If an anode designed according to the invention is now used, the coating of the focal path heats up as a result of the bombardment with electrons. This heating leads to the heat being dissipated downwards, which also causes the volume section of the focal path covering underneath to heat up. This heating is accompanied by a thermal expansion of the focal path coating and of the focal path coating volume section. Due to the configuration according to the invention, however, this respective thermal expansion is similar to one another or differs only slightly.
Durch das Vorsehen eines Materials mit wenigstens einer Grundmatrix aus hochschmelzendem Metall für den Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitt wird eine Anode zur Verfügung gestellt, deren Unterschiede in der thermischen Ausdehnung zwischen Brennbahnbelag und Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitt nur sehr gering sind. Aufgrund der geringen Unterschiedlichkeit der thermischen Ausdehnung wird auch die damit entstehende Verbundspannung reduziert. Da eine solche Verbundspannung als einer der Gründe für ein Verbiegen der Anode, wie auch für das Aufreißen des Verbindungsbereichs zwischen den Brennbahnbelag und dem Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitt gesehen werden kann, wird dieses Risiko durch die vorliegende Erfindung reduziert beziehungsweise minimiert. Durch diese Reduktion des Aufreiß- und Verbiegensrisikos kann eine deutlich längere Erstreckung des Brennbahnbelags bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode ausgeführt werden. Im Vergleich zu bekannten Anoden können bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode auch einzelne Brennbahnbeläge erzielbar werden, die ein oder sogar mehrere Meter lang sind.By providing a material with at least one basic matrix of high-melting metal for the focal path coating volume section, an anode is made available whose differences in the thermal expansion between the focal path coating and the focal path coating volume section are only very small. Due to the small difference in thermal expansion, the resulting bond stress is also reduced. Since such bond stress can be seen as one of the reasons for bending of the anode, as well as tearing of the connection area between the focal path coating and the focal path coating volume section, this risk is reduced or minimized by the present invention. As a result of this reduction in the risk of tearing open and bending, a significantly longer extension of the focal path coating can be implemented in an anode according to the invention. Compared to known anodes, individual focal path coatings that are one or even several meters long can also be achieved with an anode according to the invention.
Bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode ist die Differenz in der Wärmeausdehnung bezüglich des Materials des Brennbahnbelags und des Materials des Brennbahnbelags- Volumenabschnitts kleiner als 5 x 10-6 1/K, insbesondere kleiner als 2 x 10-6 1/K. Diese besonders geringen Differenzen der Wärmeausdehnung führen zu besonders geringen Verbundspannungen durch die stoffschlüssige Verbindung zwischen dem Brennbahnbelag und dem Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitt.In an anode according to the invention, the difference in thermal expansion with respect to the material of the focal path coating and the material of the focal path coating volume section is less than 5×10 -6 1/K, in particular less than 2×10 -6 1/K. These particularly small differences in Thermal expansion leads to particularly low bond stresses due to the integral connection between the focal path covering and the focal path covering volume section.
Das Material der Brennbahn kann zum Beispiel zumindest hauptsächlich Molybdän oder Wolfram aufweisen. Insbesondere ist es eine Wolfram-basierte Legierung. Zum Beispiel ist darunter eine Legierung zu verstehen die über 50 Gewichtsprozent Wolfram aufweist. Ein weiterer Bestandteil einer solchen Legierung kann zum Beispiel Rhenium sein.The material of the focal track can, for example, comprise at least mainly molybdenum or tungsten. In particular, it is a tungsten-based alloy. For example, this means an alloy that contains more than 50 percent by weight of tungsten. Another component of such an alloy can be rhenium, for example.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung ist unter dem Begriff eines "hoch schmelzenden Metalls" insbesondere ein Metall zu verstehen, dessen Schmelzpunkt oberhalb von 2000 °C liegt. Die Materialien sowohl für den Brennbahnbelag, als auch für den Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitt, insbesondere dessen wenigstens einer Grundmatrix, sind vorzugsweise rekristallisierte Materialien.In the context of the present invention, the term "high-melting metal" means in particular a metal whose melting point is above 2000.degree. The materials both for the focal path covering and for the focal path covering volume section, in particular its at least one basic matrix, are preferably recrystallized materials.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung kann es sich bei dem Kühlkanal um eine einfache Bohrung handeln, oder aber auch um eine komplexere Ausführung. So ist es zum Beispiel möglich, dass der Kühlkanal durch eine separate Wandung begrenzt wird, die an dem Anodenkörper anliegt. Es ist auch möglich, dass ein solches Rohr zur Ausbildung der Wandung zum Beispiel aus einem anderen Material, wie möglicherweise Kupfer oder Stahl, gefertigt ist. Selbstverständlich sind auch Rohre aus Materialien denkbar, die dem Material des Anodenkörpers, insbesondere des Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitts, entsprechen. Auch ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Wandungen selbst einstückig mit dem Anodenkörper und/oder dem Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitt ausgebildet sind.Within the scope of the present invention, the cooling channel can be a simple bore, or else a more complex design. It is thus possible, for example, for the cooling channel to be delimited by a separate wall which is in contact with the anode body. It is also possible for such a tube to be made of a different material, such as copper or steel, for example, to form the wall. Of course, tubes made of materials that correspond to the material of the anode body, in particular of the volume section of the focal path coating, are also conceivable. It is also advantageous if the walls themselves are formed in one piece with the anode body and/or the volume section of the focal path coating.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Anode kann dahingehend weitergebildet sein, dass der Anodenkörper monolithisch ausgebildet ist. Unter einer monolithischen Ausbildung ist die Fertigung aus einem einzigen Materialstück zu verstehen. Dabei kann eine besonders kompakte und besonders dichte Fertigung insbesondere mit Hinblick auf den Kühlkanal erzielt werden. Darüber hinaus müssen keine zusätzlichen Verbindungsschritte einzelner Bauteile für den Anodenkörper durchgeführt werden. Dies bedeutet auch, dass der Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitt ein monolithischer Bestandteil des Anodenkörpers ist. Dabei kann trotz der monolithischen Ausgestaltungsform eine unterschiedliche Materialausgestaltung des Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitts im Vergleich zu dem Rest des Anodenkörpers vorgesehen sein.An anode according to the invention can be developed in such a way that the anode body has a monolithic design. A monolithic design is to be understood as meaning production from a single piece of material. In this way, a particularly compact and particularly dense production can be achieved, in particular with regard to the cooling channel. Furthermore no additional connection steps of individual components for the anode body have to be carried out. This also means that the focal track coating volume section is a monolithic part of the anode body. In this case, despite the monolithic configuration, a different material configuration of the combustion path coating volume section can be provided in comparison to the rest of the anode body.
Bei mehrteiligen Anodenkörpern, ist insbesondere der Teil, welcher den Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitt aufweist sowie in welchem der Kühlkanal verläuft, ein monolithischer Teil. Neben den äußerst geringen Fertigungsaufwänden hinsichtlich der einzelnen Fertigungsschritte und möglicherweise spanenden Bearbeitungen kann auf diese Weise ein Verbund erzeugt werden, der besonders geringe Verbundspannungen mit sich bringt. Durch die monolithische Ausbildung kann darüber hinaus auf eine Qualitätskontrolle hinsichtlich der möglichen Verbindungsarten zwischen ansonsten notwendigen Einzelbauteilen verzichtet werden.In the case of multi-part anode bodies, in particular the part which has the volume section of the focal path coating and in which the cooling channel runs is a monolithic part. In addition to the extremely low production costs with regard to the individual production steps and possibly machining, a composite can be produced in this way that entails particularly low composite stresses. Furthermore, due to the monolithic design, quality control with regard to the possible types of connection between otherwise necessary individual components can be dispensed with.
Auch vorteilhaft ist es, wenn bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode der Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitt und der Brennbahnbelag aus dem gleichen Material bestehen. Das gleiche Material sowohl für den Brennbahnbelag, als auch für den Brennbelags-Volumenabschnitt bringt den Vorteil mit sich, dass keine oder im Wesentlichen keine Unterschiede mehr hinsichtlich des Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten der beiden Materialien mehr bestehen. Die beiden aneinander angrenzenden Bauteile, die miteinander in stoffschlüssiger Verbindung stehen, sind somit differenzfrei hinsichtlich ihrer thermischen Ausdehnung. Mögliche entstehende Verbundspannungen zwischen diesen Bauteilen resultieren daher nur noch über mögliche Temperaturdifferenzen, die jedoch deutlich geringer ausfallen, als dies bei unterschiedlichen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten unterschiedlicher Materialien der Fall wäre. Darüber hinaus verläuft eine Temperatur über die verschiedenen Bauteile hinweg im Wesentlichen kontinuierlich verteilt. Temperaturknicke und damit Ausdehnungssprünge zwischen einzelnen Bauteilen werden auf diese Weise vermieden. Eine solche Ausführungsform kann als ein besonders vorteilhafter, insbesondere als ein idealer Zustand, bezeichnet werden.It is also advantageous if, in an anode according to the invention, the volume section of the focal path coating and the focal path coating consist of the same material. The same material both for the focal path covering and for the focal covering volume section brings with it the advantage that there are no longer any differences, or essentially no differences, with regard to the thermal expansion coefficients of the two materials. The two adjoining components, which are in a materially bonded connection with one another, are therefore free from differences in terms of their thermal expansion. Any bond stresses that may arise between these components therefore only result from possible temperature differences, which, however, are significantly lower than would be the case with different thermal expansion coefficients of different materials. In addition, a temperature is substantially continuously distributed across the various components. Temperature kinks and thus expansion jumps between individual components are avoided in this way. Such an embodiment can be described as a particularly advantageous, in particular as an ideal state.
Ein weiterer Vorteil ist es, wenn bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode der Anodenkörper im Wesentlichen aus einem einzigen Material, nämlich dem Material des Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitts besteht. Mit anderen Worten ist hier nicht nur eine monolithische Ausführungsform des Anodenkörpers, sondern auch eine materialeinheitliche Ausführungsform des Anodenkörpers bei dieser Ausführungsform gefordert. Dies vereinfacht die Fertigung noch weiter, da der gesamte Anodenkörper aus einem einzigen Materialstück gefertigt werden kann. Entweder in aufbauender Weise und/oder in spanender Bearbeitung durch Fräsen und/oder Bohren, kann eine erfindungsgemäße Anode, insbesondere der Anodenkörper gefertigt werden. Neben der Fertigung wird auch im Einsatz ein Vorteil erzielt. So werden keine Verbundspannungen im Material des Anodenkörpers möglich, da dieser materialeinheitlich ausgebildet ist. Insbesondere ist hier darauf hinzuweisen, dass trotz der Ausbildung aus einem einzigen Material auch eine Mehrteiligkeit vorliegen kann. Im Gegensatz zu einer monolithischen Ausführungsform, die bei einem einzigen Material auch möglich ist, kann aus einem einzigen Material auch eine Vielzahl einzelner Bauteile für den Anodenkörper hergestellt werden, die anschließend miteinander insbesondere stoffschlüssig verbunden werden. Die stoffschlüssige Verbindung der einzelnen Bauteile erfolgt dabei zum Beispiel durch Verschweißen oder Verlöten der einzelnen Bauteile. Insbesondere weitere Anschlussteile, wie zum Beispiel Abschlussstopfen oder Anschlussbuchsen sind dabei vorzugsweise nicht monolithisch ausgebildet, aber Teil des Anodenkörpers. Auch sie können aus dem gleichen Material bestehen wie der Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitt.It is a further advantage if, in the case of an anode according to the invention, the anode body essentially consists of a single material, namely the material of the volume section of the focal path coating. In other words, not only a monolithic embodiment of the anode body is required here, but also an embodiment of the anode body of the same material in this embodiment. This simplifies manufacture even further since the entire anode body can be manufactured from a single piece of material. An anode according to the invention, in particular the anode body, can be manufactured either in a built-up manner and/or by machining by milling and/or drilling. In addition to manufacturing, an advantage is also achieved in use. This means that no compound stresses are possible in the material of the anode body, since this is made of the same material. In particular, it should be pointed out here that, despite being made from a single material, it can also be in multiple parts. In contrast to a monolithic embodiment, which is also possible with a single material, a multiplicity of individual components for the anode body can also be produced from a single material, which are then connected to one another in particular in a materially bonded manner. The integral connection of the individual components takes place, for example, by welding or soldering the individual components. In particular, other connection parts, such as end plugs or connection sockets, are preferably not formed monolithically, but are part of the anode body. They can also consist of the same material as the focal track coating volume section.
Ebenfalls von Vorteil kann es sein, wenn bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode der Brennbahnbelag und der Anodenkörper monolithisch ausgebildet sind. Beispielsweise sind alle Materialien des Brennbahnbelags und des Anodenkörpers aus Wolfram ausgebildet, beziehungsweise weisen eine Wolfram-basierte Legierung als Grundmatrix auf. Diese Ausführungsform bringt es mit sich, dass Brennbahnbelag und Anodenkörper durch die monolithische Ausführungsform den gewünschten Stoffschluss erzeugen und darüber hinaus für alles vorzugsweise ein und dasselbe Material verwendet wird. Dies bringt neben der noch weiter vereinfachten Fertigung einen Idealzustand hinsichtlich der entstehenden Verbundspannungen zwischen den einzelnen Bauteilen, nämlich dem Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitt, dem Rest des Anodenkörpers und dem Brennbahnbelag selbst mit sich.It can also be advantageous if the focal path coating and the anode body are monolithic in an anode according to the invention. For example, all the materials of the focal path coating and the anode body are made of tungsten or have a tungsten-based alloy as the basic matrix. This embodiment entails that focal path coating and anode body through the monolithic Embodiment produce the desired material connection and moreover preferably one and the same material is used for everything. In addition to the even further simplified production, this results in an ideal state with regard to the composite stresses occurring between the individual components, namely the volume section of the focal path coating, the rest of the anode body and the focal path coating itself.
Ein weiterer Vorteil ist es, wenn bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode der Anodenkörper zumindest zweiteilig ausgeführt ist, wobei die einzelnen Teile sich entlang der Haupterstreckungsrichtung des Brennbahnbelags erstrecken und miteinander stoffschlüssig verbunden sind. Bei dieser Ausführungsvariante können besonders kostengünstig gekrümmte Anoden hergestellt werden, also eine Anode, die sich entlang ihrer linearen Haupterstreckungsrichtung an einer gekrümmten Linie orientiert. Zum Beispiel können zwei Halbschalen gefertigt werden, aus deren jeweils gegenüberliegender Kontaktfläche eine Ausfräsung für die Erzeugung des Kühlkanals erfolgt. Auch Ausrichtmöglichkeiten für die einzelnen Bauteile zueinander sind möglich, um die einzelnen Anodenkörperbauteile miteinander zu verbinden. Das Verbinden erfolgt vorzugsweise durch ein stoffschlüssiges Verfahren, wie zum Beispiel durch einen Löt- oder Schweißvorgang.It is a further advantage if, in an anode according to the invention, the anode body is designed in at least two parts, with the individual parts extending along the main direction of extent of the combustion path coating and being connected to one another in a materially bonded manner. In this embodiment variant, curved anodes can be produced particularly cost-effectively, that is to say an anode which is oriented along a curved line along its main linear extension direction. For example, two half-shells can be manufactured, from the opposite contact surface of which a milling is carried out to create the cooling channel. Alignment options for the individual components relative to one another are also possible in order to connect the individual anode body components to one another. The connection is preferably made by a material-to-material method, such as a soldering or welding process.
Ebenfalls von Vorteil ist es, wenn bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode der Kühlkanal durch zumindest zwei Teile des Anodenkörpers ausgebildet ist. Auf diese Weise wird eine noch freiere Geometrie des Kanals möglich. Insbesondere die explizite Lage des Kanals innerhalb des Anodenkörpers, wie auch der Verlauf des Kühlkanals und mögliche Variationen des Querschnitts des Kühlkanals sind durch diese Ausführungsform durch eine entsprechende Steuerung des Fräsvorgangs bei der Herstellung des Kühlkanals möglich.It is also advantageous if, in the case of an anode according to the invention, the cooling channel is formed by at least two parts of the anode body. In this way an even freer geometry of the channel is possible. In particular, the explicit position of the channel within the anode body, as well as the course of the cooling channel and possible variations in the cross section of the cooling channel are possible with this embodiment through appropriate control of the milling process during production of the cooling channel.
Ein weiterer Vorteil kann es sein, wenn bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode der Kühlkanal vakuumdicht im Anodenkörper ausgebildet ist. Bei einer solchen Ausführungsform wird der Kühlkanal sozusagen direkt ausgebildet. Eine weitere Abdichtung, wie zum Beispiel durch separate Schläuche oder Rohre, ist nicht erforderlich. Eine Nachbearbeitung zur Erzeugung der Vakuumdichtheit kann daher unterbleiben. Unter "vakuumdicht" ist dabei im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung ein Kühlkanal zu führen, der nach der Messmethode nach DIN EN 13185 gemäß den Messverfahren der Gruppe A eine Helium-Leckrate aufweist, die kleiner oder gleich als 1x10-8 mbar/s ist. Auf diese Weise kann der Kühlkanal kostengünstig und direkt ausgebildet sein, um ein Kühlfluid zu führen. Selbstverständlich sind zusätzlich noch Anschlussmöglichkeiten, wie zum Beispiel Anschlussbuchsen vorzusehen, um das Kühlmittel in gewünschter Weise in den Kühlkanal einzuleiten, beziehungsweise aus diesem Kühlkanal wieder zu entfernen.It can be a further advantage if, in the case of an anode according to the invention, the cooling channel is designed to be vacuum-tight in the anode body. In such an embodiment, the cooling channel is formed directly, so to speak. An additional seal, such as separate hoses or pipes, is not required. A post-processing to create the vacuum tightness can therefore stay away. In the context of the present invention, "vacuum-tight" means a cooling channel that has a helium leak rate of less than or equal to 1×10 -8 mbar/s according to the measurement method according to DIN EN 13185 according to the measurement methods of group A. In this way, the cooling channel can be designed cost-effectively and directly in order to carry a cooling fluid. Of course, additional connection options, such as connection sockets, are also to be provided in order to introduce the coolant into the cooling channel in the desired manner, or to remove it again from this cooling channel.
Ebenfalls von Vorteil ist es, wenn bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode der Anodenkörper zumindest im Bereich des Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitts eine spitzwinklig angestellte Seitenfläche aufweist, auf welcher der Brennbahnbelag zumindest teilweise angeordnet ist. Die spitzwinklige Anstellung ermöglicht dabei eine noch bessere Anordnung in dem Röntgenapparat. Insbesondere kann auf diese Weise die Anbindung in der Röntgenvorrichtung frei gewählt werden, da durch die spitzwinklige Anstellung der Seitenfläche die Ausrichtung des Brennbahnbelags erfolgt. Dabei ist die Ausrichtung des spitzen Winkels vorzugsweise derart, dass bei der Anordnung der Anode in der Röntgenvorrichtung in gewünschter Richtung die Röntgenstrahlung mit der höchsten Intensität austritt. Insbesondere ist dies im Bereich von 7 bis 15° ausgehend von dem Brennbahnbelag der Fall.It is also advantageous if, in an anode according to the invention, the anode body has an acute-angled side surface, at least in the region of the volume section of the focal path coating, on which the focal path coating is at least partially arranged. The acute-angled position enables an even better arrangement in the X-ray apparatus. In particular, the connection in the X-ray device can be freely selected in this way, since the alignment of the focal path coating takes place through the acute-angled positioning of the side surface. The alignment of the acute angle is preferably such that when the anode is arranged in the x-ray device, the x-ray radiation emerges with the highest intensity in the desired direction. In particular, this is the case in the range from 7 to 15° starting from the focal path coating.
Bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode besteht der Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitt aus einem der folgenden Materialien :
- Wolfram,
- Molybdän,
- Wolfram-basierte Legierung
mit mehr als 50 Gewichtsprozent Wolfram, - Molybdän-basierte Legierung
mit mehr als 50 Gewichtsprozent Molybdän, - Wolfram-basierter Verbund
mit mehr als 50 Gewichtsprozent Wolfram, - Molybdän-basierter Verbund
mit mehr als 50 Gewichtsprozent Molybdän.
- Tungsten,
- Molybdenum,
- Tungsten-based alloy containing more than 50% by weight tungsten,
- molybdenum-based alloy with more than 50 percent by weight molybdenum,
- Tungsten-based composite with more than 50 percent by weight tungsten,
- Molybdenum-based compound with more than 50 percent by weight molybdenum.
Unter einem Verbund, der Wolfram-basiert oder Molybdän-basiert ausgebildet ist, ist insbesondere der Verbund mit einem anderen Metall zu verstehen. Das andere Metall kann dabei zum Beispiel ein Metall mit hoher Wärmeleitfähigkeit, wie zum Beispiel Kupfer sein. Mit anderen Worten werden Poren in einer Wolfram-Grundmatrix beziehungsweise einer Molybdän-Grundmatrix, beziehungsweise einem hochschmelzenden andersartigem Metall als Grundmatrix genutzt, um mit einem anderen Metall gefüllt zu werden. Mit anderen Worten können auf diese Weise Wärmeleitkanäle entstehen, die eine verbesserte Wärmeabfuhr von dem Brennbahnbelag zum Kühlkanal ermöglichen. Gleichzeitig erhält die Grundmatrix aus dem hochschmelzenden Metall jedoch die Vorteile, wie sie hinsichtlich der geringeren Verbiegung und der Reduktion des Risikos des Aufreißens der stoffschlüssigen Verbindung zwischen Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitt und Brennbahnbelag bereits in der Einleitung dieser Erfindung beschrieben worden sind. Die Porengrößen bei einem Verbund liegen dabei vorzugsweise zwischen 2 und 100 µm, insbesondere zwischen 2 und 50 µm. Eine solche Porengröße dient dazu, dass eine ausreichende Wärmeabführung durch entsprechend eingelagerte Metalle möglich wird, und gleichzeitig die notwendige Hitzeresistenz hinsichtlich des Schmelzpunktes wie auch hinsichtlich des Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten erzielt wird.A bond that is designed to be tungsten-based or molybdenum-based is to be understood in particular as a bond with another metal. The other metal can, for example, be a metal with high thermal conductivity, such as copper. In other words, pores in a tungsten base matrix or a molybdenum base matrix or a high-melting metal of a different type are used as the base matrix in order to be filled with another metal. In other words, heat conduction channels can be created in this way, which enable improved heat dissipation from the focal path coating to the cooling channel. At the same time, however, the basic matrix of the refractory metal has the advantages that have already been described in the introduction to this invention with regard to less bending and the reduction in the risk of tearing open the material connection between the volume section of the focal path coating and the focal path coating. The pore sizes in a composite are preferably between 2 and 100 μm, in particular between 2 and 50 μm. Such a pore size serves to ensure that adequate heat dissipation is possible through correspondingly embedded metals, and at the same time the necessary heat resistance with regard to the melting point and with regard to the thermal expansion coefficient is achieved.
Ein weiterer Vorteil ist es, wenn bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode für die Erzeugung der stoffschlüssigen Verbindung zwischen dem Brennbahnbelag und dem Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitt maximal eine Zwischenschicht angeordnet ist. Diese Zwischenschicht ist sowohl stoffschlüssig mit dem Brennbahnbelag, als auch stoffschlüssig mit dem Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitt verbunden. Eine stoffschlüssige verbundene Zwischensicht ist Lot. Dieses stellt durch Lötverfahren den Stoffschluss zum Brennbahnbelag, wie auch zum Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitt her.It is a further advantage if, in the case of an anode according to the invention, a maximum of one intermediate layer is arranged for producing the integral connection between the combustion path coating and the combustion path coating volume section. This intermediate layer is bonded both to the focal path coating and to the focal path coating volume section. A materially connected intermediate layer is solder. This establishes the material connection to the focal path covering as well as to the focal path covering volume section by means of a soldering process.
Durch die maximal eine Zwischenschicht wird eine mögliche Wärmeisolation durch eine solche Zwischenschicht reduziert. Es wird gewährleistet, dass trotz der Anordnung dieser Zwischenschicht für die stoffschlüssige Verbindung eine möglichst schnelle und effektive Abfuhr der durch den Elektronenbeschuss erzeugten Wärme von dem Brennbahnbelag möglich wird. Darüber hinaus wird die Komplexität einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode reduziert, da nur noch das Aufbringen einer einzigen Zwischenschicht notwendig ist. Da ein hochschmelzendes Metall zumindest als Grundmatrix für den Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitt verwendet wird, ist im Gegensatz zu den hohen Aufwendungen bei Drehanoden ein schrittweises Anpassen der Temperaturen über eine Vielzahl von Zwischenschichten nicht mehr notwendig. Neben der geringen Komplexität kann hier auch Volumen, Gewicht und vor allem Zeitaufwand bei der Herstellung eingespart werden.Due to the maximum of one intermediate layer, possible thermal insulation is reduced by such an intermediate layer. It is ensured that, despite the arrangement of this intermediate layer for the material connection, the heat generated by the electron bombardment can be dissipated from the focal path coating as quickly and effectively as possible. In addition, the complexity of an anode according to the invention is reduced since it is only necessary to apply a single intermediate layer. Since a high-melting metal is used at least as the basic matrix for the volume section of the focal path covering, in contrast to the high expenditures involved with rotating anodes, step-by-step adjustment of the temperatures over a large number of intermediate layers is no longer necessary. In addition to the low complexity, volume, weight and, above all, time can be saved during production.
Ebenfalls vorteilhaft ist es, wenn bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode zumindest ein Wandungsabschnitt des Kühlkanals parallel oder im Wesentlichen parallel zu dem Brennbahnbelag ausgerichtet ist. Das bedeutet, dass der Wandungsabschnitt des Kühlkanals zumindest abschnittsweise entlang der Haupterstreckungsrichtung der Anode verläuft. Damit wird der Abstand zumindest dieses Wandungsabschnitts des Kühlkanals zum Brennbahnbelagsabschnitt über die Breite und über die Länge des Brennbahnbelags im Wesentlichen konstant gehalten. Somit ist sichergestellt, dass ein im Wesentlichen konstanter Abtrag von Wärme aus dem Brennbahnbelag über den gesamten Verlauf des Brennbahnbelags ermöglicht wird. Dies dient dazu, einzelne Hitzeinseln zu vermeiden, um sicherzustellen, dass der Brennbahnbelag eine konstante und im Wesentlichen kontinuierliche Alterung im Gebrauch über den gesamten Verlauf des Brennbahnbelags ermöglicht.It is also advantageous if, in an anode according to the invention, at least one wall section of the cooling channel is aligned parallel or essentially parallel to the focal path coating. This means that the wall section of the cooling channel runs at least in sections along the main direction of extent of the anode. In this way, the distance of at least this wall section of the cooling channel from the focal path covering section is kept essentially constant over the width and over the length of the focal path covering. It is thus ensured that a substantially constant removal of heat from the focal path covering is made possible over the entire course of the focal path covering. This is to avoid isolated heat islands to ensure that the burn sheet allows for constant and substantially continuous aging in use over the entire history of the burn sheet.
Es ist dabei darauf hinzuweisen, dass der Kühlkanal unterschiedliche Ausbildungsformen aufweisen kann. Insbesondere hinsichtlich seines freien Strömungsquerschnittes ist er dabei an die Notwendigkeit des Fluidstroms des Kühlfluids anzupassen. Dabei sind sowohl runde, halbrunde, rechteckige, als auch quadratische oder anders geformte Öffnungsquerschnitte für den Kühlkanal denkbar. Neben den notwendigen Strömungsverhältnissen im Inneren des Kühlkanals ist dabei vorzugsweise auch noch auf die entsprechend einzusetzenden Fertigungsverfahren Rücksicht zu nehmen.It should be pointed out here that the cooling channel can have different configurations. In particular with regard to its free flow cross section, it must be adapted to the need for the fluid flow of the cooling fluid. Both round, semi-circular, rectangular, as well as square or other shaped opening cross-sections for the Cooling channel conceivable. In addition to the necessary flow conditions in the interior of the cooling channel, consideration should preferably also be given to the corresponding manufacturing processes to be used.
Alternativ zu einer vollständig parallelen Ausbildung des Kanals ist es auch möglich, dass der Kanal entlang der Länge des Brennbahnbelags mit immer geringer werdendem Abstand verläuft. Da über den Verlauf des Kühlkanals das Kühlfluid im Inneren des Kühlkanals Wärme aufnimmt, wird die Wärmedifferenz im Verlauf des Kühlkanals zum Brennbahnbelag abnehmen. Um nun trotzdem für den Brennbahnbelag eine im Wesentlichen konstante Kühlung beziehungsweise eine im Wesentlichen konstante Temperatur zu erzielen, kann durch die Abstandsvariation zwischen Kühlkanal und Brennbahnbelag eine im Wesentlichen konstante Temperatur des Brennbahnbelags durch unterschiedlich stark ausgeprägte Wärmeabfuhr erzielt werden.As an alternative to a completely parallel design of the channel, it is also possible for the channel to run along the length of the focal path coating at an ever-decreasing distance. Since the cooling fluid in the interior of the cooling channel absorbs heat over the course of the cooling channel, the heat difference will decrease in the course of the cooling channel to the focal path coating. In order to still achieve essentially constant cooling or an essentially constant temperature for the focal path covering, a substantially constant temperature of the focal path covering can be achieved by varying the degree of heat dissipation by varying the distance between the cooling channel and the focal path covering.
Ein weiterer Vorteil ist es, wenn im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung der Kühlkanal der Anode für die direkte Führung eines Kühlfluids ausgebildet ist. Das Kühlfluid ist dabei vorzugsweise eine Flüssigkeit. Der Kanal ist also entsprechend dicht ausgebildet, insbesondere flüssigkeitsdicht, so dass eine zusätzliche Abdichtung nicht mehr notwendig ist. Insbesondere kann auf diese Weise ein innenliegender Schlauch oder ein innenliegendes Rohr verhindert werden. Die Reduktion der Komplexität bringt bei der Fertigung und bei der Materialauswahl Kostenvorteile mit sich. Darüber hinaus werden mögliche Verbundspannungen zwischen zusätzlich notwendigen Materialien der sonst zusätzlich notwendigen Abdichtungen bei dieser Ausführungsform vermieden. Die Wandung des Kühlkanals ist also bereits Bestandteil des Anodenkörpers beziehungsweise Bestandteil des Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnitts.It is a further advantage if, within the scope of the present invention, the cooling channel of the anode is designed for the direct conduction of a cooling fluid. The cooling fluid is preferably a liquid. The channel is therefore designed to be correspondingly tight, in particular liquid-tight, so that an additional seal is no longer necessary. In particular, an internal hose or an internal pipe can be prevented in this way. The reduction in complexity brings with it cost advantages in production and in the selection of materials. In addition, possible bond stresses between additionally required materials of the otherwise additionally required seals are avoided in this embodiment. The wall of the cooling channel is therefore already part of the anode body or part of the volume section of the focal path coating.
Ebenfalls vorteilhaft ist es bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode, wenn der Brennbahnbelag eine Länge aufweist, die größer als die zweifache Breite des Brennbahnbelags beträgt. Insbesondere sind dabei Längen von 20 bis 1500 mm vorteilhaft. Insbesondere die großen Längen über einen Meter für einen Brennbahnbelag sind vorteilhaft, da trotz des Fertigungsaufwandes eine besonders große Anode gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung herstellbar ist.It is also advantageous in an anode according to the invention if the focal path coating has a length that is greater than twice the width of the focal path coating. In particular, lengths of 20 to 1500 mm are advantageous. In particular, the large lengths of more than one meter for a focal path coating are advantageous, since a particularly large anode can be produced according to the present invention, despite the manufacturing effort.
Damit können bereits wenige Anoden gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung einen besonders großflächigen Bereich für die Röntgenüberwachung beziehungsweise die Erzeugung von Röntgenbildern ermöglichen. Bei einem Computertomographen, welcher 360° umlaufende Röntgenbilder in dreidimensionalen bildgebenden Verfahren erzeugen soll, reicht es zum Beispiel aus, wenn vier solcher erfindungsgemäßen Anoden mit einer Krümmung um jeweils 90° den umlaufenden Umfang eines solchen Computertomographen abdecken. Die notwendigen Überschneidungen beziehungsweise Überlappungen an den Stößen zwischen den einzelnen Anoden werden somit minimiert, so dass höhere Auflösungen bei gleichzeitig kostengünstigerer Fertigung der Anode erzielbar sind. Die Breite eines erfindungsgemäßen Brennbahnbelags liegt zum Beispiel bei 10 bis 20 mm. Die Faktoren hinsichtlich der Länge des Brennbahnbelags sind vorzugsweise größer als die zweifache Breite, insbesondere größer als die fünffache Breite, bevorzugt größer als die zehnfache Breite des Brennbahnbelags. Die Hauptvorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung werden insbesondere erzielt, wenn die Länge des Brennbahnbelags das Hundertfache oder sogar die hundertfünfzigfache Breite des Brennbahnbelags beträgt.In this way, even a few anodes according to the present invention can enable a particularly large area for X-ray monitoring or the generation of X-ray images. In a computer tomograph which is intended to generate 360° circumferential X-ray images in three-dimensional imaging methods, it is sufficient, for example, if four such anodes according to the invention, each curved by 90°, cover the circumferential circumference of such a computer tomograph. The necessary intersections or overlaps at the joints between the individual anodes are thus minimized, so that higher resolutions can be achieved with the anode being manufactured more cost-effectively at the same time. The width of a focal track covering according to the invention is, for example, 10 to 20 mm. The factors relating to the length of the focal path coating are preferably greater than twice the width, in particular greater than five times the width, preferably greater than ten times the width of the focal path coating. In particular, the main advantages of the present invention are obtained when the length of the focal liner is one hundred or even one hundred and fifty times the width of the focal liner.
Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren für die Herstellung einer Anode mit linearer Haupterstreckungsrichtung für eine Röntgenvorrichtung, aufweisend die Schritte wie im Anspruch 12 definiert.A further subject matter of the present invention is a method for producing an anode with a linear main extension direction for an X-ray device, having the steps as defined in claim 12.
Dies Verfahren wird insbesondere angewendet, um eine erfindungsgemäße Anode zu erzeugen. Anschließend an das stoffschlüssige Verbinden oder bereits vorausgehend bei der Ausbildung eines erfindungsgemäßen Kühlkanales, kann ein Krümmung erzeugt werden, so dass auch mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eine Anode mit linearer Hauterstreckung erzielbar ist, wobei die Hauterstreckungsrichtung sich entlang einer Geraden oder entlang eines linienförmigen Krümmungsverlaufes erstreckt. Weitere Anschlussteile können anschließend zum Beispiel durch ein stoffschlüssiges Verfahren, oder gemeinsam während dem stoffschlüssigen Verbinden zumindest des Brennbahnbelags, durchgeführt werden. Solche Anschlussteile sind zum Beispiel Anschlussbuchsen für das Kühlfluid oder Verschlussstopfen für Öffnungen im Anodenkörper. Ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren führt zu einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode, so dass auch durch ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren die Vorteile erzielbar sind, wie sie ausführlich mit Bezug auf eine erfindungsgemäße Anode erläutert worden sind.This method is used in particular to produce an anode according to the invention. Then to the substance-related A curvature can be created during the formation of a cooling duct according to the invention, such that an anode with a linear skin extension can also be achieved with a method according to the invention, with the skin extension direction extending along a straight line or along a linear curvature. Further connecting parts can then be carried out, for example, by means of a material-to-material method, or together during the material-to-material connection of at least the focal path covering. Such connection parts are, for example, connection sockets for the cooling fluid or sealing plugs for openings in the anode body. A method according to the invention leads to an anode according to the invention, so that the advantages can also be achieved by a method according to the invention, as have been explained in detail with reference to an anode according to the invention.
Die vorliegende Erfindung wird näher erläutert anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungsfiguren. Die dabei verwendeten Begrifflichkeiten "links", "rechts", "oben" und "unten" beziehen sich auf eine Ausrichtung der Zeichnungsfiguren mit normal lesbaren Bezugszeichen. Es zeigen:
- Figur 1
- im schematischen Querschnitt eine erste Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode,
- Figur 2a
- eine Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode im schematischem Querschnitt,
- Figur 2b
- eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode im schematischen Querschnitt,
- Figur 2c
- eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode im schematischen Querschnitt,
- Figur 3
- eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode im schematischen Querschnitt,
- Figur 4a
- eine erfindungsgemäße Anode während eines ersten Herstellungsschrittes,
- Figur 4b
- die erfindungsgemäße Anode gemäß
Figur 4a in einem zweiten Herstellungsschritt, - Figur 4c
- die erfindungsgemäße Anode gemäß
Figur 4a in einem dritten Herzstellungsschritt, - Figur 4d
- eine erfindungsgemäße Anode gemäß
Figur 4a in einem vierten Herstellungsschritt, - Figur 5a
- eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Anode in einem ersten Herstellungsschritt,
- Figur 5b
- die Ausführungsform der Anode gemäß
Figur 5a in einem zweiten Herstellungsschritt, - Figur 5c
- die Ausführungsform der Anode gemäß
Figur 5a in einem dritten Herstellungsschritt.
- figure 1
- in schematic cross section a first embodiment of an anode according to the invention,
- Figure 2a
- an embodiment of an anode according to the invention in schematic cross section,
- Figure 2b
- a further embodiment of an anode according to the invention in schematic cross section,
- Figure 2c
- a further embodiment of an anode according to the invention in schematic cross section,
- figure 3
- a further embodiment of an anode according to the invention in schematic cross section,
- Figure 4a
- an anode according to the invention during a first production step,
- Figure 4b
- the anode according to the invention
Figure 4a in a second manufacturing step, - Figure 4c
- the anode according to the invention
Figure 4a in a third heart position step, - Figure 4d
- an anode according to the invention
Figure 4a in a fourth manufacturing step, - Figure 5a
- a further embodiment of an anode according to the invention in a first production step,
- Figure 5b
- according to the embodiment of the anode
Figure 5a in a second manufacturing step, - Figure 5c
- according to the embodiment of the anode
Figure 5a in a third manufacturing step.
In
Weiter ist der
Bei der Ausführungsform der
Die
Bei
Auch in
In
Die
Die
Die
Die voranstehenden Beschreibungen zu den einzelnen Ausführungsformen erläutern die vorliegende Erfindung nur im Rahmen von Beispielen. Selbstverständlich können Merkmale der einzelnen Ausführungsformen, sofern technisch sinnvoll, frei miteinander kombiniert werden, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.The above descriptions of the individual embodiments explain the present invention only in the context of examples. It goes without saying that features of the individual embodiments can be freely combined with one another, insofar as this makes technical sense, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
- 1010
- Anodeanode
- 2020
- Anodenkörperanode body
- 20a20a
- erster Teil des Anodenkörpersfirst part of the anode body
- 20b20b
- zweiter Teil des Anodenkörperssecond part of the anode body
- 2222
- Brennbahnbelags-Volumenabschnittfocal track coating volume section
- 3030
- Brennbahnbelagfocal track coating
- 4040
- Kühlkanalcooling channel
- 5050
- Zwischenschichtintermediate layer
- 6060
- Anschlussconnection
Claims (12)
- An anode (10) for an x-ray device having a linear main direction of extent extending along a straight line or along a linear path of curvature comprising an anode body (20) and a focal track layer (30), which is connected to the anode body (20) on a focal track layer volume portion (22) of the anode body (20), wherein in the interior of the anode body (20) at least one cooling channel (40) for the cooling of the anode body (20) and of the focal track layer (30) is arranged characterized in that the focal track layer (30) is connected to the anode body (20) in a material-bonding manner via a welding connection, and
at least the focal track layer volume portion (22) consists of a material with at least a basic matrix of refractory metal, and in that the focal track layer volume portion (22) extends as far as to the cooling channel (40), wherein the focal track layer (30) produces a large number of focal spots and has a length which is greater than ten the width of the focal track layer (30) and wherein the focal track layer volume portion (22) consists of one of the following materials:- tungsten,- molybdenum,- a tungsten-based alloy with more than 50% by weight of tungsten,- a molybdenum-based alloy with more than 50% by weight of molybdenum,- a tungsten-based composite with more than 50% by weight of tungsten,- a molybdenum-based composite with more than 50% by weight of molybdenum. - The anode (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the anode body (20) is monolithically formed.
- The anode (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the focal track layer (30) and the focal track layer volume portion (22) consist of the same material.
- The anode (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anode body (20) consists essentially of a single material, that is to say the material of the focal track layer volume portion (22).
- The anode (10) according to any one of the claims 1, 3 or 4, characterized in that the anode body (20) is configured at least as two parts, wherein the individual parts (20a, 20b) extending along the main direction of extent of the focal track layer (30) and being connected to one another in a material-bonding manner.
- The anode (10) according to claim 5, characterized in that the cooling channel (40) is formed by at least two parts (20a, 20b) of the anode body (20).
- The anode (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cooling channel (40) is formed in the anode body (20) in a vacuum-tight manner.
- The anode (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anode body (20) has at least in the region of the focal track layer volume portion (22) a side face adjusted at an acute angle, on which the focal track layer (30) is at least partially arranged.
- The anode (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at most one interlayer (50) is arranged to create the material-bonding connection between the focal track layer (30) and the focal track layer volume portion (22).
- The anode (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one portion of a wall of the cooling channel (40) is aligned parallel or essentially parallel to the focal track layer (30).
- The anode (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cooling channel (40) is formed for directly carrying a cooling fluid.
- A method for producing an anode (10) for an x-ray device, wherein the anode has a linear main direction of extent extending along a straight line or along a linear path of curvature, having the following steps:• forming a cooling channel (40) in an anode body (20),• placing a focal track layer (30) on a side face of a focal track layer volume portion (22) of the anode body (20) that consists of a material with at least a basic matrix of refractory metal and extends as far as to the cooling channel (40) wherein the focal track layer (30) produces a large number of focal spots and has a length which is greater than ten the width of the focal track layer (30), and• connecting at least the focal track layer (30) to the focal track layer volume portion (22) in a material-bonding manner, wherein the focal track layer volume portion (22) consists of one of the following materials:- tungsten,- molybdenum,- a tungsten-based alloy with more than 50% by weight of tungsten,- a molybdenum-based alloy with more than 50% by weight of molybdenum,- a tungsten-based composite with more than 50% by weight of tungsten,- a molybdenum-based composite with more than 50% by weight of molybdenum.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ATGM446/2011U AT12862U1 (en) | 2011-08-05 | 2011-08-05 | ANODE WITH LINEAR MAIN CIRCUIT DIRECTION |
PCT/AT2012/000204 WO2013020151A1 (en) | 2011-08-05 | 2012-08-02 | Anode having a linear main extension direction |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2740142A1 EP2740142A1 (en) | 2014-06-11 |
EP2740142B1 true EP2740142B1 (en) | 2022-03-30 |
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EP12775119.6A Active EP2740142B1 (en) | 2011-08-05 | 2012-08-02 | Anode having a linear main extension direction |
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US (1) | US9564284B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2740142B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6411211B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101919179B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103733297B (en) |
AT (1) | AT12862U1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013020151A1 (en) |
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US20150117599A1 (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2015-04-30 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray interferometric imaging system |
US10295485B2 (en) | 2013-12-05 | 2019-05-21 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray transmission spectrometer system |
US10416099B2 (en) | 2013-09-19 | 2019-09-17 | Sigray, Inc. | Method of performing X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectrometer system |
USRE48612E1 (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2021-06-29 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray interferometric imaging system |
US9992917B2 (en) | 2014-03-10 | 2018-06-05 | Vulcan GMS | 3-D printing method for producing tungsten-based shielding parts |
US10401309B2 (en) | 2014-05-15 | 2019-09-03 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray techniques using structured illumination |
AT14991U1 (en) | 2015-05-08 | 2016-10-15 | Plansee Se | X-ray anode |
US10247683B2 (en) | 2016-12-03 | 2019-04-02 | Sigray, Inc. | Material measurement techniques using multiple X-ray micro-beams |
CN107731644B (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2019-10-18 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | Anode target, ray source, ct apparatus and imaging method |
US10578566B2 (en) | 2018-04-03 | 2020-03-03 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray emission spectrometer system |
DE112019002822T5 (en) | 2018-06-04 | 2021-02-18 | Sigray, Inc. | WAVELENGTH DISPERSIVE X-RAY SPECTROMETER |
CN112470245A (en) | 2018-07-26 | 2021-03-09 | 斯格瑞公司 | High brightness X-ray reflection source |
US10656105B2 (en) | 2018-08-06 | 2020-05-19 | Sigray, Inc. | Talbot-lau x-ray source and interferometric system |
CN112638261A (en) | 2018-09-04 | 2021-04-09 | 斯格瑞公司 | System and method for utilizing filtered x-ray fluorescence |
CN112823280A (en) | 2018-09-07 | 2021-05-18 | 斯格瑞公司 | System and method for depth-selectable X-ray analysis |
WO2021011209A1 (en) | 2019-07-15 | 2021-01-21 | Sigray, Inc. | X-ray source with rotating anode at atmospheric pressure |
US11749489B2 (en) | 2020-12-31 | 2023-09-05 | Varex Imaging Corporation | Anodes, cooling systems, and x-ray sources including the same |
FR3132379A1 (en) * | 2022-02-01 | 2023-08-04 | Thales | Method of manufacturing an anode for a cold cathode type x-ray source |
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DE2811464A1 (en) * | 1977-03-17 | 1978-09-21 | Jacob Haimson | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR GENERATING X-RAY RAYS FROM DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS WITHOUT MOVING PARTS |
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FR2566960B1 (en) * | 1984-06-29 | 1986-11-14 | Thomson Cgr | X-RAY TUBE WITH ROTATING ANODE AND METHOD FOR FIXING A ROTATING ANODE ON A SUPPORT AXIS |
DE19828956A1 (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 1999-10-21 | Siemens Ag | Directly-cooled anode for X-ray tube |
US6553096B1 (en) * | 2000-10-06 | 2003-04-22 | The University Of North Carolina Chapel Hill | X-ray generating mechanism using electron field emission cathode |
JP2002329470A (en) | 2001-05-01 | 2002-11-15 | Allied Material Corp | Rotating anode for x-ray tube, and its manufacturing method |
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-
2011
- 2011-08-05 AT ATGM446/2011U patent/AT12862U1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2012
- 2012-08-02 WO PCT/AT2012/000204 patent/WO2013020151A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-08-02 US US14/237,254 patent/US9564284B2/en active Active
- 2012-08-02 KR KR1020147002804A patent/KR101919179B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2012-08-02 EP EP12775119.6A patent/EP2740142B1/en active Active
- 2012-08-02 JP JP2014523141A patent/JP6411211B2/en active Active
- 2012-08-02 CN CN201280038560.5A patent/CN103733297B/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
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DE2811464A1 (en) * | 1977-03-17 | 1978-09-21 | Jacob Haimson | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR GENERATING X-RAY RAYS FROM DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS WITHOUT MOVING PARTS |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2740142A1 (en) | 2014-06-11 |
US9564284B2 (en) | 2017-02-07 |
JP2014524635A (en) | 2014-09-22 |
WO2013020151A1 (en) | 2013-02-14 |
AT12862U1 (en) | 2013-01-15 |
KR20140088071A (en) | 2014-07-09 |
US20140211924A1 (en) | 2014-07-31 |
JP6411211B2 (en) | 2018-10-24 |
CN103733297A (en) | 2014-04-16 |
KR101919179B1 (en) | 2018-11-15 |
CN103733297B (en) | 2016-12-28 |
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