EP2711149A1 - Device for transporting slurry along two perpendicular axes and assembly for manufacturing mould blocks including such a device - Google Patents

Device for transporting slurry along two perpendicular axes and assembly for manufacturing mould blocks including such a device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2711149A1
EP2711149A1 EP13185645.2A EP13185645A EP2711149A1 EP 2711149 A1 EP2711149 A1 EP 2711149A1 EP 13185645 A EP13185645 A EP 13185645A EP 2711149 A1 EP2711149 A1 EP 2711149A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
main
frame
transport
hopper
main frame
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13185645.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2711149B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-François Andre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fives Solios SA
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Solios Carbone SA
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Publication of EP2711149A1 publication Critical patent/EP2711149A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/08—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting
    • B28B1/087—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting by means acting on the mould ; Fixation thereof to the mould
    • B28B1/0873—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting by means acting on the mould ; Fixation thereof to the mould the mould being placed on vibrating or jolting supports, e.g. moulding tables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
    • B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
    • B28B13/0215—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo
    • B28B13/026—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo by using a movable hopper transferring the moulding material to the moulding cavities
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
    • B28B3/028—Centering the press head, e.g. using guiding pins or chamfered mould edges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/30—Feeding material to presses
    • B30B15/302—Feeding material in particulate or plastic state to moulding presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
    • B30B11/022—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space whereby the material is subjected to vibrations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • C25C3/12—Anodes
    • C25C3/125—Anodes based on carbon

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for transporting carbonaceous pulp obtained from a mixture of liquid pitch and crushed coke intended to supply mold forming machines for producing electrodes, in particular anodes, for the electrolysis of aluminum.
  • the electrolysis of aluminum by the Hall-Héroult process requires the prior manufacture of carbon anodes.
  • the anodes are made from, in particular, liquid pitch and crushed coke, mixed and kneaded to obtain a relatively homogeneous paste.
  • the paste obtained must then be molded into blocks in compaction machines by vibrocompaction.
  • the molded blocks are then introduced into ovens known as rotating lights, where they are fired in order to obtain the electrolysis anodes.
  • Compaction machines are known by vibrocompaction, also called forming machines, vibrocompaction machines or vibrocompaction machines, essentially comprising a mold of parallelepipedal shape of rectangular cross-section removably mounted on a vibrating table constituting the bottom of the mold and a mass pressing, able to be introduced axially into said mold by an upper end of the mold.
  • the vibrating table is secured to a frame by means of suspension means and is subjected to vibration in a substantially vertical direction, along the axis of the mold, under the effect of vibration actuating means.
  • the device consists of a table, called shaking or vibrating, mounted on springs and on which is fixed a mold.
  • a table called shaking or vibrating
  • Under the shaking table are at least two rotary unbalanced parts which are mounted and rotated so that the horizontal components of the oscillations, they generate in the table, cancel each other out.
  • the rotation of the unbalance parts causes a substantially harmonic and vertical oscillation of the shaking table, the granules introduced into the mold being thus compressed by vibrations in the form of a compact block.
  • a paste 4 composed of liquid pitch and crushed coke
  • the pasty mixture is compacted under the effect of the hammering of the pressing mass 3.
  • unbalanced shafts 5 rotate in the opposite direction and induce an excitation in the table 2 which then takes a vertical sinusoidal movement.
  • the table 2 is installed on an elastic suspension 6 to limit vibration transmissions to the ground 7 and / or in the vicinity of the machine 1 '.
  • Said mold 1 is conventionally mounted on guides 9a, sliding vertically in sleeves 2a integral with the table 2, and is actuated by hydraulic cylinders 10 connected by the free end of their rod to the mold 1 and by the lower end of their cylinder to the table 2, said hydraulic cylinders 10 performing the clamping functions of the mold 1 on the table 2 and demolding, lifting the mold 1 above the table 2 to allow the lateral removal of a molded block from the top of the table 2.
  • the compaction machine 1 comprises a system for evacuating the mold 1, justifying the presence of the cover 13 sealingly cooperating with an upper surface 14 of the mold 1 by means of mechanisms 15 for releasably closing the cover 13 on the mold 1, the cover 13 being displaceable vertically with the pressing mass 3 relative to the mold 1 by external means 11 such as a winch or a hydraulic jack secured to a frame (not shown) being guided by vertical guides 9b of the cover 13 in the sleeves 1b integral with the mold 1.
  • a known feed device 100 is shown on the figure 3 . It consists essentially of a storage hopper 101, fixed with respect to the two compaction machines 1'a and 1'b side by side, which is responsible for collecting the carbonaceous paste produced by the upstream process, said storage hopper 101 serving as a buffer between the generally continuous upstream dough stream and the discontinuous dough stream necessary for feeding the two compaction machines 1'a and 1'b.
  • a vibrating extractor 103 located under the storage hopper 101 withdraws the carbonaceous pulp for transporting it and discharges it into a weighing hopper 104, said weighing hopper 104 being suspended on weighers enabling the exact mass of the pulp to be known to be known.
  • a motorized distribution flap 105 driven by an alternating tilting movement, is installed in the flow of dough between the discharge orifice of the vibrating extractor 103 and the inlet orifice of the weighing hopper 104, thus enabling to dispense the paste evenly over the entire length of the weighing hopper 104.
  • the weighing hopper 104 is equipped at its base with an opening and closing system comprising two half-helmets 108 with synchronized tilt, said half-helmets 108 being actuated by a hydraulic jack 109.
  • the opening of the half-helmets 108 of the weighing hopper 104 causes a drop of the carbonaceous paste in a transport hopper 201 of a device 200.
  • the synchronized half-helmets 108 are closed again with the aid of the hydraulic cylinder 109, the weighing hopper 104 is ready for a new weighing cycle.
  • the transport device 200 is moved along two support and guide rails 16 to a first compaction machine 1'a for example and, when the transport hopper 201 has arrived at at the proper position, the carbonaceous paste contained in the transport hopper 201 is poured into the mold 1 of the machine 1'a using an opening and closing device similar to that of the weighing hopper 104.
  • the transport device 200 When the paste is poured, the transport device 200 is moved again, so that the transport hopper 201 returns to position itself under the weighing hopper 104 while waiting for a new load to feed a second compaction machine 1 'b.
  • this system makes it possible to operate two compaction machines 1'a and 1'b simultaneously from a single carbonaceous feed point, making it possible to double the production that a single compaction unit would achieve: while a first machine 1'a is loaded in paste by the transport device 200, which moves from the feeder 100, the second machine I'b can be put into operation, with its lid 13 closing the mold 1.
  • the transport hopper 201 has the advantage of being positioned exactly above the mold, an operation which requires that the cover assembly 13 and the pressing mass according to figure 1 each machine 1'a and 1'b is disengaged from the mold 1 and sufficiently raised to allow the passage of the transport hopper 201 between them.
  • the installation previously described can comprise only one or at most two compaction machines 1 'because the transport hopper 201 can not serve, for example, a third compaction machine 1' in alignment with the first two.
  • the transport hopper 201 can not pass above, the cover 13 and the pressing mass 3 blocking the passage. Therefore, the transport hopper 201 can only move between two machines 1'a, 1'b. Another or more machines 1 'aligned with the first two require that the transport hopper 201 exceeds machines already loaded pulp, which is impossible if these machines are in operation.
  • the production rate of the blocks is thus limited.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome the limitations of the pulp transport device described above by proposing a device capable of serving more than two vibrocompacting machines with one and the same means of transport and from a single point of contact. food.
  • a device for transporting carbonaceous paste comprising a transport hopper of which a main chassis rolls on a raceway, extending in a main direction, parallel to the axis of alignment of the compacting machines, and placed at a distance sufficient for said hopper to transport can move freely in the main direction without interference with vibro-compaction machinery components.
  • the transport device can thus be positioned vis-à-vis any compacting machine whatever the operating state of the other machines.
  • the transport hopper, intended to contain the carbonaceous paste is secured to a secondary chassis, itself mounted for example on rollers and installed on running rails integral with the main frame, said rails being arranged in a perpendicular secondary direction. at the main direction, that is to say perpendicular to the axis of movement of the main frame.
  • the openings of said machines are deported on one side of the rails of the main race in a second direction, called secondary, perpendicular to the main direction.
  • the displacement of the transport hopper in the two perpendicular directions then makes it possible to bring the carbonaceous pulp from a single feed station to several, in practice at least three, compacting machines, without preventing the machines from being in contact with each other. operation while moving the transport hopper.
  • the opening and closing device of the transport hopper is integral with said hopper.
  • the dough is thus delivered to the mold of a forming machine when the transport hopper is placed above the mold, which is particularly advantageous in the case where the dough is intended for the production of anodes for the electrolysis of the mold. aluminum.
  • the main chassis and the secondary chassis bearings means are rollers, making it possible to obtain, at a low cost and efficiently, the displacement of the main chassis on the main raceway and the displacement of the secondary chassis on the roadway. secondary bearing.
  • the latter moves alternately on the guides secured to the main frame and then on the edges of the upper face of the mold or guides arranged on both sides. other of the mold.
  • the position of the guides of the transport hopper integral with the main frame is made to be able to be exactly in agreement with the edges of the upper face of the mold or the support guides arranged on either side of the mold.
  • Actuating means which are for example of the hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder type, are interposed between the secondary frame and the main frame to move the secondary frame relative to the main frame in the secondary direction.
  • the supports of the secondary chassis comprise three pairs of rollers, namely a pair of rollers placed on a rear side of the secondary chassis and two pairs of rollers spaced from each other by a determined distance , placed on one side said front of the secondary chassis.
  • This arrangement makes it possible in particular to ensure continuity of support for the secondary frame if, for practical reasons, it is necessary to provide a space without support between the guides integral with the main frame and the mold. For example, this arrangement allows the use of an additional cart, such as a maintenance cart, moving over the molds in the main direction.
  • the transport device comprises means for measuring the amount of carbonaceous paste contained in the transport hopper.
  • the transport device moves from the feed device to the forming machine by moving the main frame on the main race in the main direction, then the transport hopper is brought in opposite the upper opening of the mold of the machine by moving the secondary frame on the guides of the main frame in the secondary direction.
  • the molded block production assembly described above comprises at least three forming machines, each machine comprising at least one mold having an upper opening.
  • the upper openings of the molds of the forming machines are aligned with each other in the main direction, and are offset with respect to the raceway in the secondary direction.
  • the transport device can then feed pulp from a single feeder to any one of the three machines while the other two are in operation, without interfering with the moving system of the lid of the machines in operation.
  • the transport hopper benefits from a secondary displacement, perpendicular to the main movement parallel to the alignment axis of the vibrocompaction machines, said secondary displacement making it possible to bring the transport hopper containing the dough above the vane. mold opening of vibrocompaction machines.
  • the hopper containing the paste is provided at its lower part with an opening and closing system consisting for example of two articulated symmetrical half-helmets, whose rotation is synchronized by gears integral with their axis of rotation, said half -casques being actuated by a hydraulic cylinder for closing the transport hopper during the loading and transport phases and the opening for the discharge of the carbonaceous paste in the mold.
  • a set of manufacturing of molded blocks, in particular for producing anodes from a carbonaceous paste, is described below by way of nonlimiting example.
  • the assembly comprises a feed device 100 made of carbon paste, as described in the introduction, supplied with carbonaceous paste from an upstream process for producing the paste.
  • the assembly further comprises compaction forming machines.
  • the assembly advantageously comprises at least three forming machines 1'a, 1'b and I'c, as will be seen later.
  • each vibrocomputer anode 1'a, 1'b and 1'c forming machine comprises, in the usual manner, a mold 1, of parallelepipedal general shape of rectangular cross section, open at its two horizontal faces opposed that its base and its upper surface 14, and removably fixed on a vibrating table 2, constituting the bottom of the mold 1, and a pressing mass 3 intended to be engaged in the mold 1 by the upper surface 14 of the mold 1, and supported under a cover 13, which is fixed releasably on the upper surface 14 of the mold 1 to ensure the sealing.
  • the table 2 is installed on an elastic suspension 6 intended to limit vibration transmissions to the ground.
  • the forming machine 1'a, 1'b, 1'c comprises locking means 15 of the cover 13 on the mold, said cover 13 being able to cap the top mold 1 with sealing.
  • the machine 1'a, 1'b, 1'c comprises a vertical displacement system of the lid 13 and the pressing mass 3 with a suspension rod 11.
  • This displacement system is generally combined with a system (not shown in detail) of vacuum mold 1 closed by the cover 13, this system extending above the mold 1.
  • the vibrating anode forming machines 1'a, 1'b, 1'c anodes are fed with carbonaceous paste by the feeder 100 usually comprising a storage hopper 101 serving as a buffer between the continuous flow of pulp entering the plant and the discontinuous flow of molded blocks leaving the plant, a vibrating extractor 103 located under the storage hopper 101, and a weighing hopper 104, fed uniformly over its length by means of a shutter. motorized distribution 105.
  • the mass of dough in the weighing hopper 104 reaches a determined value, the operation of the vibrating extractor 103 is instantly stopped preventing additional dough to be fed to the weigh hopper 104.
  • the manufacturing assembly further comprises a transport device 200 for transporting and dispensing the dough from the feed device 100 to the molds 1 of the forming machines.
  • the assembly comprises a main raceway for the transport device 200.
  • the main raceway is, as shown for example in the figures, in the form of two parallel main rails 16, which are extend in a first principal direction.
  • the transport device 200 comprises a transport hopper 201, fed with carbonaceous paste by the feed device.
  • He is represented on the figure 4 a set of manufacturing blocks molded according to the invention, comprising three forming machines 1'a, 1'b, 1'c aligned in the main direction, and more precisely it is the upper openings of the molds 1 of the forming machines 1 a, 1'b, 1'c which are aligned, it being understood that there may be any number of molds 1 aligned.
  • the openings of the molds 1 are shifted in a second direction said secondary to the main raceway 16, said secondary direction being perpendicular to the main direction. More specifically, when viewed in a horizontal plane, passing through the main direction and the secondary direction, the openings of the molds 1 are not located between the two rails 16 of the main race, but are offset on one side, in the the opposite side to the one where the device 100 of feed, in the secondary direction.
  • the transport hopper 201 can move both in the main direction and in the secondary direction.
  • the transport device 200 comprises a main frame 202 supporting a secondary frame 203, the transport hopper 201 being connected to the secondary frame 203 so as to be integral therewith in translation in the horizontal plane.
  • the transport hopper 201 moves in translation with the secondary frame 203 in the main direction and the secondary direction.
  • means for measuring the quantity of carbonaceous paste contained in the transport hopper 201 can be interposed between the transport hopper 201 and the secondary frame 203.
  • the transport hopper 201 can be connected to the secondary frame 203 through three supports.
  • two first supports are bearings provided with hinge members, with low friction such as bearings or metal ball joints, and are located on one side of the transport hopper 201.
  • the third support, placed on the other side of the transport hopper 201 can then be provided with a force sensor, such as a load cell, for measuring the amount of carbonaceous paste contained in the transport hopper 201.
  • a force sensor such as a load cell
  • the main frame 202 comprises for example a U-shaped frame 204, that is to say having an open side, and comprises main rolling means, cooperating with the main rails 16 of the main race, allowing the transport device 200 to move in the main direction, parallel to the alignment direction of the molds 1.
  • the main rolling means are in the form of four casters 205, connected in pairs, placed at the four corners of the frame 204.
  • the main frame 202 further comprises a guide 206, integral with the frame 204, defining a secondary raceway, extending parallel to the secondary direction.
  • the guide may be in the form of two parallel secondary rails 207 extending in the secondary direction
  • the secondary frame 203 is in the form of a rectangular frame, and is slidably mounted on the main frame by via secondary bearing means 208, 209 such as, for example, rollers 208, 209, placed on a front side of the secondary frame 203 and on a rear side of the secondary frame 203.
  • the secondary chassis 203 can thus move relative to the main frame 202 by moving the rollers 208, 209 on the secondary rails 207 of the main frame 202.
  • Actuating means which may be pneumatic or hydraulic jack type 210, rest on the main frame 202 to move the secondary frame 203 in the secondary direction.
  • the transport hopper 201 further comprises an opening and closing device, for discharging the carbonaceous paste into the molds 1.
  • the opening and closing device is integral with the transport hopper 201, and is located for example on a lower side of the transport hopper 201.
  • the opening and closing device is then, for example, as described. previously, and comprises two half-helmets 211 actuated by a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder 212.
  • a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder 212 the nature of the carbonaceous paste for the manufacture of anodes for the electrolysis of aluminum , and in particular its viscosity, requires that the opening of the transport hopper 201 is vertically aligned at best with the opening of the mold. The dough then pours more easily by gravity.
  • the opening and closing device of the transport hopper 201 may for example be secured to the main frame 201, so that the displacement of the secondary frame 203, and therefore the hopper of transport 201, causes the opening of the transport hopper 203 and the delivery of the dough to the mold 1.
  • the secondary frame 203 and the transport hopper 201 are placed above the rails 16 of the main raceway.
  • the transport device is in a retracted position, in which the secondary chassis 203 is retracted into the main frame 202, so as to be located between the two rails 16 of the main raceway.
  • the front side of the secondary chassis 203 is then facing the open side of the frame 204 of the main frame.
  • the transport hopper 201 is pulped by bringing its upper opening level with the opening of the weighing hopper 104 of the feed device 100, which ensures that the quantity of dough loaded in the transport hopper 201 corresponds precisely to the quantity needed to manufacture a molded block.
  • the transport device 200 is then moved in the main rolling direction of the main frame 202 on the main raceway 16.
  • the displacement along the main direction is stopped, and the secondary frame 203 is moved in the secondary direction, so as to extend at least partially beyond the rails 16 of the main raceway.
  • the transport hopper 201 can be shifted beyond the rails 16 of the main raceway, that is to say that when viewed in a horizontal plane, passing through the main direction and the secondary direction, the hopper of transport 201 is not located between the two rails 16 of the main race, but is offset on one side, in this case the side where the openings of the molds 1, in the secondary direction.
  • the cylinders 210 of the main frame 202 are actuated.
  • the secondary frame 203 exits the main frame 202 through the open side of the frame 204 and, with the transport hopper 201, passes over the rails 16 of the main race, to avoid interference, by displacement in the secondary direction on the secondary race, rolling along the secondary rails 207 on the main frame 202.
  • the transport device 200 is then in an extended position, in which the transport hopper 201 and its opening and closing device 211, 212 are brought in correspondence with the opening of the mold 1 of the first machine 1'a, which opening is shifted in the secondary direction relative to the main race 16. activating the hydraulic cylinder 212 opening the two half-helmets 211 of the opening and closing device of the transport hopper 201, the paste is discharged into the mold 1.
  • the casters 208, 209 of the secondary chassis 203 leave the secondary rails 207 of the main frame 202 to roll on the upper surface 14 of the mold 1, until the transport hopper 201 is found above the opening of the mold 1.
  • the guides 207 of the main frame 202 are then substantially in the same plane as the upper surface 14 of the mold 1.
  • the manufacturing assembly may comprise a maintenance trolley, not shown in the figures, which moves above the molds 1 in the main direction. More specifically, in practice, the manufacturing assembly comprises, in addition to the two rails 16 of the main race a third rail, parallel to the other two, so that it forms, with one of the other two rails, a path of Annex bearing above the molds.
  • the maintenance carriage then shares a rail with the transport device 200, in this case, in the figures, the rail located right next to the molds 1.
  • the transport device 200 in the retracted position, and more specifically the main frame 202 carrying the rails 207, must be remote from the molds.
  • the secondary frame 203 must pass a space before the casters 208 on the front side come into contact with the upper surface 14 of the mold 1.
  • the front side of the secondary frame 204 is provided with two pairs of wheels 208, spaced from each other by a determined distance, greater than or equal to the space to cross.
  • the secondary chassis 203 remains in abutment on the secondary rails 207 by the second pair of casters 208 on the front side and by the pair of casters 209 on the rear side. Then, when the first pair of casters 208 on the front side come into contact with the upper surface 14 of the mold, the second pair of casters 208 on the front side can also leave the secondary rails 207.
  • the manufacturing assembly comprises crosspieces extending in the secondary direction, on either side of the mold 1 of each machine 1 '.
  • the secondary chassis 203 of the transport device 200 in the deployed position can then roll on the cross members to place the transport hopper 201 above the mold in question.
  • the transport hopper 201 During the movement of the transport hopper 201 in the secondary direction, it then moves alternately on the secondary rails 207, integral with the main frame 202, then on the edges of the upper face 14 of the mold 1 or sleepers arranged both sides of the mold 1, which extend the secondary raceway.
  • the position of the secondary rails 207, integral with the main frame 202, is made to be able to be exactly in concordance with the edges of the upper face 14 of the mold or sleepers arranged on either side of the mold 1.
  • the transport device 200 is then brought back into the retracted position by actuating the jacks 210 between the two frames 202, 203.
  • the transport hopper 201 is new brought to level the opening of the weighing hopper 104 to be loaded with carbonaceous paste.
  • a new cycle of transporting the dough to the mold 1 of another forming machine 1'b, 1'c can be undertaken.
  • the transport device 200 can always be moving between the two machines 1'a and 1'c in the main direction without interfering with the 1'b machine in operation.
  • the transport device 200 thus makes it possible to supply, from one and the same feed device 100, more than two forming machines 1 '.
  • the production rates are increased, while the overall size of the assembly is reduced compared to a set of the state of the art which would include more than two forming machines 1 '.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

The device (200) comprises: a main frame (202) comprising a main bearing unit intended to cooperate with a main track (16) to move the main frame according to a main direction; a transport hopper (201) supported by the main frame and supplied with a carbonaceous paste; devices (211, 212) for opening and closing the transport hopper by which the paste is delivered to a forming machine; and a secondary frame. The main frame includes guides defining a secondary track extending according to a second direction perpendicular to the main direction. The device (200) comprises: a main frame (202) comprising a main bearing unit intended to cooperate with a main track (16) to move the main frame according to a main direction; a transport hopper (201) supported by the main frame and supplied with a carbonaceous paste; devices (211, 212) for opening and closing the transport hopper by which the paste is delivered to a forming machine; and a secondary frame. The main frame includes guides defining a secondary track extending according to a second direction perpendicular to the main direction. The secondary frame is related to the transport hopper according to the main direction and the secondary direction and provided with a secondary bearing unit co-operating with the guides of the main frame to move the secondary frame on the secondary track according to the secondary direction. The opening and closing devices are interdependent of the transport hopper. The bearing units of the main frame and the secondary frame are rollers. The device further comprises an actuation unit interposed between the secondary frame and the main frame to move the secondary frame compared to the main frame according to the secondary direction, and a unit to measure the quantity of carbonaceous paste contained in the transport hopper. The secondary bearing unit includes three pairs of rollers including a pair of rollers placed on a rear side of the secondary frame and two pairs of rollers separated from each other by a determined distance and placed on a front side of the secondary frame. An independent claim is included for an assembly for manufacturing mould blocks.

Description

DOMAINE DE L'INVENTIONFIELD OF THE INVENTION

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de transport de pâte carbonée obtenue à partir d'un mélange de brai liquide et de coke concassé destiné à alimenter des machines de formage de blocs moulés pour réaliser des électrodes, en particulier des anodes, pour l'électrolyse de l'aluminium.The present invention relates to a device for transporting carbonaceous pulp obtained from a mixture of liquid pitch and crushed coke intended to supply mold forming machines for producing electrodes, in particular anodes, for the electrolysis of aluminum.

ARRIERE PLAN DE L'INVENTIONBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

L'électrolyse de l'aluminium par le procédé Hall-Héroult requiert la fabrication préalable d'anodes en carbone. Les anodes sont fabriquées à partir notamment de brai liquide et de coke concassé, mélangés et malaxés pour obtenir une pâte relativement homogène. La pâte obtenue doit alors être moulée en blocs dans des machines de compaction par vibrotassage. Les blocs moulés sont ensuite introduits dans des fours dits à feux tournants, où ils sont cuits afin d'obtenir les anodes d'électrolyse.The electrolysis of aluminum by the Hall-Héroult process requires the prior manufacture of carbon anodes. The anodes are made from, in particular, liquid pitch and crushed coke, mixed and kneaded to obtain a relatively homogeneous paste. The paste obtained must then be molded into blocks in compaction machines by vibrocompaction. The molded blocks are then introduced into ovens known as rotating lights, where they are fired in order to obtain the electrolysis anodes.

On connait des machines de compaction par vibrotassage, également appelées machines de formage, machines de vibrotassage ou encore machines de vibrocompactage, comprenant essentiellement un moule de forme générale parallélépipédique de section transversale rectangulaire monté amovible sur une table vibrante constituant le fond du moule et une masse pressante, apte à être introduite axialement dans ledit moule par une extrémité supérieure du moule. La table vibrante est solidarisée à un châssis par l'intermédiaire de moyens de suspension et est soumise à des vibrations selon une direction sensiblement verticale, selon l'axe du moule, sous l'effet de moyens d'actionnement en vibration.Compaction machines are known by vibrocompaction, also called forming machines, vibrocompaction machines or vibrocompaction machines, essentially comprising a mold of parallelepipedal shape of rectangular cross-section removably mounted on a vibrating table constituting the bottom of the mold and a mass pressing, able to be introduced axially into said mold by an upper end of the mold. The vibrating table is secured to a frame by means of suspension means and is subjected to vibration in a substantially vertical direction, along the axis of the mold, under the effect of vibration actuating means.

C'est le cas, notamment, du brevet US 3,767,351 qui décrit une machine pour fabriquer des blocs, et plus particulièrement des anodes-blocs, à partir de granulés. Le dispositif est constitué d'une table, dite à secousses ou vibrante, montée sur ressorts et sur laquelle est fixé un moule. Sous la table à secousses se trouvent au moins deux pièces rotatives à balourds qui sont montées et entraînées en rotation de façon à ce que les composantes horizontales des oscillations, qu'elles génèrent dans la table, s'annulent. La rotation des pièces à balourds provoque une oscillation sensiblement harmonique et verticale de la table à secousses, les granulés introduits dans le moule étant ainsi comprimés par vibrations sous la forme d'un bloc compact.This is the case, in particular, of the patent US 3,767,351 which describes a machine for making blocks, and more particularly block anodes, from of granules. The device consists of a table, called shaking or vibrating, mounted on springs and on which is fixed a mold. Under the shaking table are at least two rotary unbalanced parts which are mounted and rotated so that the horizontal components of the oscillations, they generate in the table, cancel each other out. The rotation of the unbalance parts causes a substantially harmonic and vertical oscillation of the shaking table, the granules introduced into the mold being thus compressed by vibrations in the form of a compact block.

Une telle machine 1' connue, représentée aux figures 1 et 2 de la présente demande, est donc essentiellement constituée d'un moule 1 de forme générale parallélépipédique de section transversale rectangulaire d'axe sensiblement vertical, déplaçable verticalement, et monté de manière amovible sur une table vibrante 2, et d'une masse pressante 3. Après introduction dans le moule 1 d'une pâte 4 composée de brai liquide et de coke concassé, le mélange pâteux est compacté sous l'effet du martèlement de la masse pressante 3. A cet effet, des arbres balourdés 5 tournent en sens opposé et induisent une excitation dans la table 2 qui prend alors un mouvement sinusoïdal vertical. Usuellement, la table 2 est installée sur une suspension élastique 6 permettant de limiter les transmissions vibratoires au sol 7 et/ou au voisinage de la machine 1'.Such a machine 1 'known, represented in figures 1 and 2 of the present application, therefore consists essentially of a mold 1 of parallelepipedal general shape of rectangular cross section of substantially vertical axis, vertically displaceable, and removably mounted on a vibrating table 2, and a pressing mass 3. After introduction into the mold 1 of a paste 4 composed of liquid pitch and crushed coke, the pasty mixture is compacted under the effect of the hammering of the pressing mass 3. For this purpose, unbalanced shafts 5 rotate in the opposite direction and induce an excitation in the table 2 which then takes a vertical sinusoidal movement. Usually, the table 2 is installed on an elastic suspension 6 to limit vibration transmissions to the ground 7 and / or in the vicinity of the machine 1 '.

L'extrémité inférieure de la masse pressante 3, dite empreinte 8, pénètre à l'intérieur du moule 1 pour donner la forme du dessus du bloc moulé. Sous l'effet des déplacements verticaux que la table 2 communique à la pâte 4, la masse pressante 3 rebondit sur le dessus du bloc en cours de formation.The lower end of the pressing mass 3, called the impression 8, penetrates inside the mold 1 to give the shape of the top of the molded block. Under the effect of the vertical movements that the table 2 communicates with the dough 4, the pressing mass 3 bounces on top of the block being formed.

Ledit moule 1 est classiquement monté sur des guides 9a, coulissant verticalement dans des manchons 2a solidaires de la table 2, et est actionné par des vérins hydrauliques 10 liés par l'extrémité libre de leur tige au moule 1 et par l'extrémité inférieure de leur cylindre à la table 2, lesdits vérins hydrauliques 10 assurant les fonctions de bridage du moule 1 sur la table 2 et de démoulage, en soulevant le moule 1 au-dessus de la table 2 pour permettre l'enlèvement latéral d'un bloc moulé du dessus de la table 2.Said mold 1 is conventionally mounted on guides 9a, sliding vertically in sleeves 2a integral with the table 2, and is actuated by hydraulic cylinders 10 connected by the free end of their rod to the mold 1 and by the lower end of their cylinder to the table 2, said hydraulic cylinders 10 performing the clamping functions of the mold 1 on the table 2 and demolding, lifting the mold 1 above the table 2 to allow the lateral removal of a molded block from the top of the table 2.

Par ailleurs, la machine 1' de compaction comporte un système de mise sous vide du moule 1 justifiant la présence du couvercle 13 coopérant de manière étanche avec une surface supérieure 14 du moule 1 grâce à des mécanismes 15 de fermeture amovible du couvercle 13 sur le moule 1, le couvercle 13 étant déplaçable verticalement avec la masse pressante 3 par rapport au moule 1 par des moyens extérieurs 11 tel un treuil ou un vérin hydraulique assujetti à une charpente (non représentée) en étant guidé par des guides verticaux 9b du couvercle 13 dans les manchons 1b solidaires du moule 1.Furthermore, the compaction machine 1 'comprises a system for evacuating the mold 1, justifying the presence of the cover 13 sealingly cooperating with an upper surface 14 of the mold 1 by means of mechanisms 15 for releasably closing the cover 13 on the mold 1, the cover 13 being displaceable vertically with the pressing mass 3 relative to the mold 1 by external means 11 such as a winch or a hydraulic jack secured to a frame (not shown) being guided by vertical guides 9b of the cover 13 in the sleeves 1b integral with the mold 1.

Pour alimenter en pâte carbonée la machine de compactage précédemment décrite, un ensemble d'équipements complémentaires est requis. Un dispositif d'alimentation 100 connu est représenté sur la figure 3. Il est essentiellement constitué d'une trémie de stockage 101 , fixe par rapport aux deux machines de compaction 1'a et 1'b côté à côte, qui est chargée de recueillir la pâte carbonée fabriquée par le procédé en amont, ladite trémie de stockage 101 servant de tampon entre le flux de pâte amont généralement continu et le flux de pâte discontinu nécessaire à l'alimentation des deux machines de compaction 1'a et 1'b.To supply the previously described compacting machine with carbonaceous pulp, a set of complementary equipment is required. A known feed device 100 is shown on the figure 3 . It consists essentially of a storage hopper 101, fixed with respect to the two compaction machines 1'a and 1'b side by side, which is responsible for collecting the carbonaceous paste produced by the upstream process, said storage hopper 101 serving as a buffer between the generally continuous upstream dough stream and the discontinuous dough stream necessary for feeding the two compaction machines 1'a and 1'b.

Un extracteur vibrant 103 situé sous la trémie de stockage 101 soutire la pâte carbonée pour la transporter et la déverser dans une trémie de pesée 104, ladite trémie de pesée 104 étant suspendue sur des pesons permettant de connaître la masse exacte de la pâte qu'elle contient. Un volet de répartition motorisé 105, animé d'un mouvement de basculement alternatif est installé dans le flux de pâte entre l'orifice de déversement de l'extracteur vibrant 103 et l'orifice d'entrée de la trémie de pesée 104, permettant ainsi de distribuer de façon équitable la pâte sur toute la longueur de la trémie de pesée 104. Lorsque la masse de pâte prédéfinie correspondant au bloc moulé à fabriquer est atteinte dans la trémie de pesée 104, le fonctionnement de l'extracteur vibrant 103 est instantanément arrêté afin d'assurer une bonne précision de pesée. La trémie de pesée 104 est équipée à sa base d'un système d'ouverture et de fermeture comportant deux demi-casques 108 à basculement synchronisé, lesdits demi-casques 108 étant actionnés par un vérin hydraulique 109.A vibrating extractor 103 located under the storage hopper 101 withdraws the carbonaceous pulp for transporting it and discharges it into a weighing hopper 104, said weighing hopper 104 being suspended on weighers enabling the exact mass of the pulp to be known to be known. contains. A motorized distribution flap 105, driven by an alternating tilting movement, is installed in the flow of dough between the discharge orifice of the vibrating extractor 103 and the inlet orifice of the weighing hopper 104, thus enabling to dispense the paste evenly over the entire length of the weighing hopper 104. When the predefined dough mass corresponding to the molded block to be produced is reached in the weighing hopper 104, the operation of the vibratory extractor 103 is instantly stopped to ensure good weighing accuracy. The weighing hopper 104 is equipped at its base with an opening and closing system comprising two half-helmets 108 with synchronized tilt, said half-helmets 108 being actuated by a hydraulic jack 109.

L'ouverture des demi-casques 108 de la trémie de pesée 104 provoque une chute de la pâte carbonée dans une trémie de transport 201 d'un dispositif de transport 200. Une fois la trémie de pesée 104 vidangée, les demi-casques synchronisés 108 sont refermés à l'aide du vérin hydraulique 109, la trémie de pesée 104 est prête pour un nouveau cycle de pesage. Une fois la trémie de transport 201 chargée, le dispositif de transport 200 est déplacé le long de deux rails 16 de support et de guidage, vers une première machine de compaction 1'a par exemple et, lorsque la trémie de transport 201 est arrivée à la position adéquate, la pâte carbonée contenue dans la trémie de transport 201 est déversée dans le moule 1 de la machine 1'a en utilisant un dispositif d'ouverture et de fermeture similaire à celui de la trémie de pesée 104.The opening of the half-helmets 108 of the weighing hopper 104 causes a drop of the carbonaceous paste in a transport hopper 201 of a device 200. Once the weighing hopper 104 is drained, the synchronized half-helmets 108 are closed again with the aid of the hydraulic cylinder 109, the weighing hopper 104 is ready for a new weighing cycle. Once the transport hopper 201 has been loaded, the transport device 200 is moved along two support and guide rails 16 to a first compaction machine 1'a for example and, when the transport hopper 201 has arrived at at the proper position, the carbonaceous paste contained in the transport hopper 201 is poured into the mold 1 of the machine 1'a using an opening and closing device similar to that of the weighing hopper 104.

Lorsque la pâte est déversée, le dispositif de transport 200 est de nouveau déplacé, de sorte que la trémie de transport 201 retourne se positionner sous la trémie de pesée 104 dans l'attente d'un nouveau chargement pour alimenter une deuxième machine de compaction 1'b.When the paste is poured, the transport device 200 is moved again, so that the transport hopper 201 returns to position itself under the weighing hopper 104 while waiting for a new load to feed a second compaction machine 1 'b.

Ainsi, ce système permet de faire fonctionner deux machines de compaction 1'a et 1'b simultanément à partir d'un seul point d'alimentation en pâte carbonée, permettant de doubler la production que réaliserait un seul ensemble de compactage : pendant qu'une première machine 1'a est chargée en pâte par le dispositif de transport 200, qui se déplace depuis le dispositif d'alimentation 100, la deuxième machine 1'b peut être mise en fonctionnement, avec son couvercle 13 fermant le moule 1.Thus, this system makes it possible to operate two compaction machines 1'a and 1'b simultaneously from a single carbonaceous feed point, making it possible to double the production that a single compaction unit would achieve: while a first machine 1'a is loaded in paste by the transport device 200, which moves from the feeder 100, the second machine I'b can be put into operation, with its lid 13 closing the mold 1.

On notera que pour déverser efficacement la pâte carbonée, matériau de nature collante, dans un moule 1, la trémie de transport 201 a avantage à être positionnée exactement au-dessus du moule, opération qui nécessite que l'ensemble couvercle 13 et masse pressante selon figure 1 de chaque machine 1'a et 1'b soit désolidarisé du moule 1 et suffisamment relevé pour permettre le passage de la trémie de transport 201 entre eux.It will be noted that in order to effectively discharge the carbonaceous paste, a material of sticky nature, into a mold 1, the transport hopper 201 has the advantage of being positioned exactly above the mold, an operation which requires that the cover assembly 13 and the pressing mass according to figure 1 each machine 1'a and 1'b is disengaged from the mold 1 and sufficiently raised to allow the passage of the transport hopper 201 between them.

L'installation précédemment décrite ne peut cependant comprendre qu'une ou au plus deux machines de compactage 1' car la trémie de transport 201 ne peut pas desservir par exemple une troisième machine de compactage 1' dans l'alignement des deux premières.However, the installation previously described can comprise only one or at most two compaction machines 1 'because the transport hopper 201 can not serve, for example, a third compaction machine 1' in alignment with the first two.

Il est également avantageux que les dispositifs de compactage 1' soient alignés sur le même axe pour faciliter l'évacuation des blocs moulés fabriqués.It is also advantageous for the compacting devices 1 'to be aligned on the same axis to facilitate the evacuation of the manufactured molded blocks.

Il n'est donc pas possible dans une telle configuration d'augmenter la capacité de production en multipliant le nombre de machines de compactage 1' au-delà de deux.It is therefore not possible in such a configuration to increase the production capacity by multiplying the number of compacting machines 1 'beyond two.

En effet, lorsqu'une machine 1' est en fonctionnement, avec le couvercle 13 fermant le moule 1 , la trémie de transport 201 ne peut pas passer au-dessus, le couvercle 13 et de la masse pressante 3 bloquant le passage. Par conséquent, la trémie de transport 201 ne peut se déplacer qu'entre deux machines 1'a, 1'b. Une autre ou plusieurs autres machines 1' alignées avec les deux premières nécessitent que la trémie de transport 201 dépasse des machines déjà chargées en pâte, ce qui est impossible si ces machines sont en fonctionnement.Indeed, when a machine 1 'is in operation, with the lid 13 closing the mold 1, the transport hopper 201 can not pass above, the cover 13 and the pressing mass 3 blocking the passage. Therefore, the transport hopper 201 can only move between two machines 1'a, 1'b. Another or more machines 1 'aligned with the first two require that the transport hopper 201 exceeds machines already loaded pulp, which is impossible if these machines are in operation.

La cadence de fabrication des blocs s'en trouve donc limitée.The production rate of the blocks is thus limited.

Par conséquent, il existe un besoin pour un nouveau dispositif de transport de pâte carbonée pour un ensemble de fabrication de blocs par des machines de compactage dans lequel notamment la cadence de production des blocs est augmentée.Therefore, there is a need for a novel carbonaceous pulp conveyor for a block-making assembly by compacting machines in which, in particular, the production rate of the blocks is increased.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DE L'INVENTIONBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Le but de l'invention est de remédier aux limitations du dispositif de transport de pâte précédemment décrit en proposant un dispositif capable de desservir plus de deux machines de vibrocompactage avec un seul et même moyen de transport et à partir d'un seul point d'alimentation.The object of the invention is to overcome the limitations of the pulp transport device described above by proposing a device capable of serving more than two vibrocompacting machines with one and the same means of transport and from a single point of contact. food.

A cet effet et conformément à l'invention, il est proposé un dispositif de transport de pâte carbonée comprenant une trémie de transport dont un châssis principal roule sur un chemin de roulement, s'étendant selon une direction principale, parallèle à l'axe d'alignement des machines de compactage, et placé à une distance suffisante pour que ladite trémie de transport puisse se mouvoir librement selon la direction principale sans interférence avec des composants des machines de vibrocompactage. Le dispositif de transport peut ainsi être positionné en vis-à-vis de n'importe quelle machine de compactage quel que soit l'état de fonctionnement des autres machines. La trémie de transport, destinée à contenir la pâte carbonée, est solidaire d'un châssis secondaire, lui-même monté par exemple sur des galets et installé sur des rails de roulement solidaires du châssis principal, lesdits rails étant disposés selon une direction secondaire perpendiculaire à la direction principale, c'est-à-dire perpendiculaire à l'axe de déplacement du châssis principal.For this purpose and in accordance with the invention, there is provided a device for transporting carbonaceous paste comprising a transport hopper of which a main chassis rolls on a raceway, extending in a main direction, parallel to the axis of alignment of the compacting machines, and placed at a distance sufficient for said hopper to transport can move freely in the main direction without interference with vibro-compaction machinery components. The transport device can thus be positioned vis-à-vis any compacting machine whatever the operating state of the other machines. The transport hopper, intended to contain the carbonaceous paste, is secured to a secondary chassis, itself mounted for example on rollers and installed on running rails integral with the main frame, said rails being arranged in a perpendicular secondary direction. at the main direction, that is to say perpendicular to the axis of movement of the main frame.

Plus précisément, l'invention propose, selon un premier aspect, un dispositif de transport de pâte, apte à se déplacer le long d'un chemin de roulement principal s'étendant selon une première direction dite principale, pour alimenter des machines de formage de blocs moulés, pour réaliser des électrodes, en particulier des anodes, pour l'électrolyse de l'aluminium. Le dispositif comprend :

  • au moins un châssis principal, comportant des moyens de roulement principaux, destinés à coopérer avec le chemin de roulement principal, pour déplacer le châssis principal selon la direction principale,
  • au moins une trémie de transport, supportée par le châssis principal, apte à être alimentée en pâte carbonée, et
  • au moins un dispositif d'ouverture et de fermeture de la trémie de transport par lequel la pâte est délivrée aux machines de formage.
More specifically, the invention proposes, according to a first aspect, a pulp conveying device, able to move along a main raceway extending in a first so-called principal direction, to feed forming machines of molded blocks for producing electrodes, in particular anodes, for the electrolysis of aluminum. The device comprises:
  • at least one main frame, comprising main bearing means, intended to cooperate with the main race, for moving the main frame in the main direction,
  • at least one transport hopper, supported by the main frame, capable of being fed with carbonaceous paste, and
  • at least one device for opening and closing the transport hopper through which the dough is delivered to the forming machines.

Les ouvertures desdites machines sont déportées sur un côté des rails du chemin de roulement principal selon une deuxième direction, dite secondaire, perpendiculaire à la direction principale.The openings of said machines are deported on one side of the rails of the main race in a second direction, called secondary, perpendicular to the main direction.

Le châssis principal comprend des guides définissant un chemin de roulement secondaire, s'étendant selon la direction secondaire. Le dispositif comprend en outre un châssis secondaire, lié à la trémie de transport en translation selon la direction principale et la direction secondaire et muni de moyens de roulement secondaires coopérant avec les guides du châssis principal, pour déplacer le châssis secondaire sur le chemin de roulement secondaire selon la direction secondaire entre :

  • une position rétractée, dans laquelle le châssis secondaire est rentré dans le châssis principal, de manière à être localisé entre les rails du chemin de roulement principal, et
  • une position déployée, dans laquelle la trémie de transport et le dispositif d'ouverture et de fermeture sont amenés en correspondance avec l'ouverture d'une des machines.
The main frame includes guides defining a secondary raceway, extending in the secondary direction. The device further comprises a secondary chassis, connected to the transport hopper in translation in the main direction and the secondary direction and provided with secondary bearing means cooperating with the guides of the main frame, to move the secondary chassis on the raceway secondary according to the secondary direction between:
  • a retracted position, in which the secondary chassis is retracted into the main frame, so as to be located between the rails of the main race, and
  • an extended position, in which the transport hopper and the opening and closing device are brought into correspondence with the opening of one of the machines.

Le déplacement de la trémie de transport selon les deux directions perpendiculaires permet alors d'amener la pâte carbonée depuis une unique station d'alimentation jusqu'à plusieurs, en pratique au moins trois, machines de compactage, sans empêcher les machines d'être en fonctionnement pendant le déplacement de la trémie de transport.The displacement of the transport hopper in the two perpendicular directions then makes it possible to bring the carbonaceous pulp from a single feed station to several, in practice at least three, compacting machines, without preventing the machines from being in contact with each other. operation while moving the transport hopper.

Avantageusement, et en particulier dans le domaine de la fabrication des anodes pour l'électrolyse de l'aluminium, le dispositif d'ouverture et de fermeture de la trémie de transport est solidaire de la dite trémie. La pâte est ainsi délivrée au moule d'une machine de formage lorsque la trémie de transport est placée au-dessus du moule, ce qui est particulièrement avantageux dans le cas où la pâte est destinée à la fabrication d'anodes pour l'électrolyse de l'aluminium.Advantageously, and in particular in the field of the manufacture of anodes for the electrolysis of aluminum, the opening and closing device of the transport hopper is integral with said hopper. The dough is thus delivered to the mold of a forming machine when the transport hopper is placed above the mold, which is particularly advantageous in the case where the dough is intended for the production of anodes for the electrolysis of the mold. aluminum.

De préférence, les moyens de roulements du châssis principal et du châssis secondaire sont des roulettes, permettant d'obtenir à moindre coût et de manière efficace le déplacement du châssis principal sur le chemin de roulement principal et le déplacement du châssis secondaire sur le chemin de roulement secondaire.Preferably, the main chassis and the secondary chassis bearings means are rollers, making it possible to obtain, at a low cost and efficiently, the displacement of the main chassis on the main raceway and the displacement of the secondary chassis on the roadway. secondary bearing.

Selon un mode de réalisation, lors du mouvement de la trémie de transport selon la direction secondaire, celle-ci se déplace alternativement sur les guides solidaires du châssis principal puis sur les bords de la face supérieure du moule ou des guides aménagés de part et d'autre du moule. La position des guides de la trémie de transport solidaires du châssis principal est réalisée pour pouvoir se placer exactement en concordance avec les bords de la face supérieure du moule ou des guides supports aménagés de part et d'autre du moule.According to one embodiment, during the movement of the transport hopper in the secondary direction, the latter moves alternately on the guides secured to the main frame and then on the edges of the upper face of the mold or guides arranged on both sides. other of the mold. The position of the guides of the transport hopper integral with the main frame is made to be able to be exactly in agreement with the edges of the upper face of the mold or the support guides arranged on either side of the mold.

Des moyens d'actionnement, qui sont par exemple du type vérin hydraulique ou pneumatique, sont interposés entre le châssis secondaire et le châssis principal pour déplacer le châssis secondaire par rapport au châssis principal selon la direction secondaire.Actuating means, which are for example of the hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder type, are interposed between the secondary frame and the main frame to move the secondary frame relative to the main frame in the secondary direction.

Selon un disposition particulière, les supports du châssis secondaire comprennent trois paires de roulettes, à savoir une paire de roulettes placées d'un côté dit arrière du châssis secondaire et deux paires de roulettes écartées l'une de l'autre d'une distance déterminée, placée d'un côté dit avant du châssis secondaire. Cette disposition permet notamment d'assurer la continuité du supportage du châssis secondaire si, pour des raisons pratiques, il est nécessaire de ménager un espace sans supportage entre les guides solidaires du châssis principal et le moule. Par exemple, cette disposition permet l'utilisation d'un chariot supplémentaire, tel qu'un chariot de maintenance, se déplaçant au-dessus des moules selon la direction principale.According to one particular arrangement, the supports of the secondary chassis comprise three pairs of rollers, namely a pair of rollers placed on a rear side of the secondary chassis and two pairs of rollers spaced from each other by a determined distance , placed on one side said front of the secondary chassis. This arrangement makes it possible in particular to ensure continuity of support for the secondary frame if, for practical reasons, it is necessary to provide a space without support between the guides integral with the main frame and the mold. For example, this arrangement allows the use of an additional cart, such as a maintenance cart, moving over the molds in the main direction.

Avantageusement, le dispositif de transport comprend des moyens pour mesurer la quantité de pâte carbonée contenue dans la trémie de transport.Advantageously, the transport device comprises means for measuring the amount of carbonaceous paste contained in the transport hopper.

Selon un deuxième aspect, l'invention propose un ensemble de fabrication de blocs moulés pour réaliser des électrodes, en particulier des anodes, pour l'électrolyse de l'aluminium, comprenant :

  • un dispositif de transport tel que présenté ci-dessus notamment,
  • un dispositif d'alimentation en pâte carbonée, lequel est fourni en pâte carbonée depuis un procédé amont de fabrication de la pâte,
  • un chemin de roulement s'étendant selon la direction principale,
  • au moins une machine de formage, décalée selon la direction secondaire par rapport au chemin de roulement principal, perpendiculaire à la direction principale, la machine comprenant au moins un moule muni d'une ouverture dans une partie supérieure.
According to a second aspect, the invention proposes a manufacturing assembly of molded blocks for producing electrodes, in particular anodes, for the electrolysis of aluminum, comprising:
  • a transport device as presented above in particular,
  • a carbonaceous pulp feed device, which is supplied in carbonaceous pulp from an upstream pulping process,
  • a raceway extending in the main direction,
  • at least one forming machine, shifted in the secondary direction relative to the main race, perpendicular to the main direction, the machine comprising at least one mold having an opening in an upper part.

Ainsi, le dispositif de transport se déplace depuis le dispositif d'alimentation jusqu'à la machine de formage par déplacement du châssis principal sur le chemin de roulement principal selon la direction principale, puis la trémie de transport est amenée en vis-à-vis de l'ouverture supérieure du moule de la machine par déplacement du châssis secondaire sur les guides du châssis principal selon la direction secondaire.Thus, the transport device moves from the feed device to the forming machine by moving the main frame on the main race in the main direction, then the transport hopper is brought in opposite the upper opening of the mold of the machine by moving the secondary frame on the guides of the main frame in the secondary direction.

Selon un mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux, l'ensemble de fabrication de blocs moulés décrit ci-dessus comprend au moins trois machines de formage, chaque machine comprenant au moins un moule muni d'une ouverture supérieure. Les ouvertures supérieures des moules des machines de formage sont alignées entre elles selon la direction principale, et sont décalées par rapport au chemin de roulement selon la direction secondaire. Le dispositif de transport peut alors amener de la pâte depuis un unique dispositif d'alimentation jusqu'à l'une quelconque des trois machines pendant que les deux autres sont en fonctionnement, sans interférer avec le système de déplacement du couvercle des machines en fonctionnement.According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the molded block production assembly described above comprises at least three forming machines, each machine comprising at least one mold having an upper opening. The upper openings of the molds of the forming machines are aligned with each other in the main direction, and are offset with respect to the raceway in the secondary direction. The transport device can then feed pulp from a single feeder to any one of the three machines while the other two are in operation, without interfering with the moving system of the lid of the machines in operation.

Ainsi, la trémie de transport bénéficie d'un déplacement secondaire, perpendiculaire au mouvement principal parallèle à l'axe d'alignement des machines de vibrotassage, ledit déplacement secondaire permettant d'amener la trémie de transport contenant la pâte au-dessus de l'ouverture du moule des machines de vibrotassage. La trémie contenant la pâte est munie à sa partie inférieure, d'un système d'ouverture et de fermeture composé par exemple de deux demi-casques symétriques articulés, dont la rotation est synchronisée par des engrenages solidaires de leur axe de rotation, lesdits demi-casques étant actionnés par un vérin hydraulique permettant la fermeture de la trémie de transport lors des phases de chargement et de transport ainsi que l'ouverture pour la décharge de la pâte carbonée dans le moule.Thus, the transport hopper benefits from a secondary displacement, perpendicular to the main movement parallel to the alignment axis of the vibrocompaction machines, said secondary displacement making it possible to bring the transport hopper containing the dough above the vane. mold opening of vibrocompaction machines. The hopper containing the paste is provided at its lower part with an opening and closing system consisting for example of two articulated symmetrical half-helmets, whose rotation is synchronized by gears integral with their axis of rotation, said half -casques being actuated by a hydraulic cylinder for closing the transport hopper during the loading and transport phases and the opening for the discharge of the carbonaceous paste in the mold.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DU DESSINBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

D'autres objets et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lumière de la description faite ci-après en référence aux figures annexées, dans lesquelles :

  • La figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un exemple d'une machine de formage par vibrotassage dont le couvercle et la masse pressante sont soulevés au-dessus du moule lui-même solidarisé sur la table vibrante.
  • La figure 2 est une vue en coupe frontale d'une machine de formage par vibrotassage représentée sur la figure 1.
  • La figure 3 est une vue en perspective d'un ensemble de l'art antérieur de fabrication de blocs moulés représentant le système d'alimentation de pâte carbonée et comprenant deux machines de formage.
  • La figure 4 est une vue en perspective d'un ensemble, selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, de fabrication de blocs moulés représentant un système d'alimentation de pâte carbonée et comprenant trois machines de formage.
  • La figure 5 est une vue en perspective d'un dispositif de transport de pâte carbonée de l'ensemble de la figure 4 dans une position rétractée, se déplaçant le long de deux chemins de roulement, un moule d'une machine de formage étant représenté.
  • La figure 6 est une vue similaire à celle de la figure 5, le dispositif de transport étant dans une position déployée au-dessus du moule.
  • La figure 7 est une vue éclatée du dispositif de transport, les chemins de roulement étant figurés en traits discontinus.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will emerge in the light of the description given hereinafter with reference to the appended figures, in which:
  • The figure 1 is a perspective view of an example of a vibrocompaction forming machine whose lid and the pressing mass are raised above the mold itself secured to the vibrating table.
  • The figure 2 is a front sectional view of a vibrocompaction forming machine shown in FIG. figure 1 .
  • The figure 3 is a perspective view of an assembly of the prior art manufacturing molded blocks representing the carbonaceous pulp feed system and comprising two forming machines.
  • The figure 4 is a perspective view of an assembly, according to an embodiment of the invention, manufacturing molded blocks representing a carbonaceous pulp feed system and comprising three forming machines.
  • The figure 5 is a perspective view of a carbon pulp conveyor device from the entire figure 4 in a retracted position, traveling along two raceways, a mold of a forming machine being shown.
  • The figure 6 is a view similar to that of the figure 5 , the transport device being in a deployed position above the mold.
  • The figure 7 is an exploded view of the transport device, the raceways being shown in broken lines.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

On décrit, ci-après, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, un ensemble de fabrication de blocs moulés notamment pour la fabrication d'anodes à partir d'une pâte carbonée.A set of manufacturing of molded blocks, in particular for producing anodes from a carbonaceous paste, is described below by way of nonlimiting example.

Dans ce qui suit, les termes « inférieur » et « supérieur » et les expressions « au-dessus » et « en-dessous » doivent être compris en référence à l'orientation naturelle de l'ensemble de fabrication et des machines de formage, tels qu'illustrés sur les figures.In what follows, the terms "inferior" and "superior" and the expressions "above" and "below" must be understood with reference to the natural orientation of the assembly of manufacture and of the forming machines, as illustrated in the figures.

L'ensemble comprend un dispositif d'alimentation 100 en pâte carbonée, tel que décrit en introduction, fourni en pâte carbonée depuis un procédé amont de fabrication de la pâte.The assembly comprises a feed device 100 made of carbon paste, as described in the introduction, supplied with carbonaceous paste from an upstream process for producing the paste.

L'ensemble comprend en outre des machines de formage par compaction. L'ensemble comprend avantageusement au moins trois machines de formage 1'a, 1'b et 1'c, comme il sera vu plus loin.The assembly further comprises compaction forming machines. The assembly advantageously comprises at least three forming machines 1'a, 1'b and I'c, as will be seen later.

Comme décrit ci-dessus, en référence aux figures 1 et 2, chaque machine de formage 1'a, 1'b et 1'c d'anodes par vibrotassage selon l'invention comprend, de manière usuelle, un moule 1, de forme générale parallélépipédique de section transversale rectangulaire, ouvert à ses deux faces horizontales opposées que sont sa base et sa surface supérieure 14, et fixé amoviblement sur une table vibrante 2, constituant le fond du moule 1 , et une masse pressante 3 destinée à être engagée dans le moule 1 par la surface supérieure 14 du moule 1, et supportée sous un couvercle 13, qui se fixe amoviblement sur la surface supérieure 14 du moule 1 pour en assurer la fermeture étanche. Accessoirement, la table 2 est installée sur une suspension élastique 6 destinée à limiter les transmissions vibratoires au sol.As described above, with reference to figures 1 and 2 , each vibrocomputer anode 1'a, 1'b and 1'c forming machine according to the invention comprises, in the usual manner, a mold 1, of parallelepipedal general shape of rectangular cross section, open at its two horizontal faces opposed that its base and its upper surface 14, and removably fixed on a vibrating table 2, constituting the bottom of the mold 1, and a pressing mass 3 intended to be engaged in the mold 1 by the upper surface 14 of the mold 1, and supported under a cover 13, which is fixed releasably on the upper surface 14 of the mold 1 to ensure the sealing. Incidentally, the table 2 is installed on an elastic suspension 6 intended to limit vibration transmissions to the ground.

Par ailleurs, comme vu précédemment, la machine de formage 1'a, 1'b, 1'c comporte des moyens de verrouillage 15 du couvercle 13 sur le moule, ledit couvercle 13 étant apte à coiffer le dessus le moule 1 avec étanchéité.Furthermore, as seen above, the forming machine 1'a, 1'b, 1'c comprises locking means 15 of the cover 13 on the mold, said cover 13 being able to cap the top mold 1 with sealing.

De plus, la machine 1'a, 1'b, 1'c comporte un système de déplacement vertical du couvercle 13 et de la masse pressante 3 avec une tige de suspension 11. Ce système de déplacement est en général combiné à un système (non représenté en détail) de mise sous vide du moule 1 fermé par le couvercle 13, ce système s'étendant au-dessus du moule 1.In addition, the machine 1'a, 1'b, 1'c comprises a vertical displacement system of the lid 13 and the pressing mass 3 with a suspension rod 11. This displacement system is generally combined with a system ( not shown in detail) of vacuum mold 1 closed by the cover 13, this system extending above the mold 1.

Comme déjà décrit ci-dessus en référence à la figure 3, les machines de formage 1'a, 1'b, 1'c d'anodes par vibrotassage sont alimentées en pâte carbonée par le dispositif d'alimentation 100 comprenant de manière usuelle une trémie de stockage 101 servant de tampon entre le flux continu de pâte entrant dans l'installation et le flux discontinu de blocs moulés sortant de l'installation, un extracteur vibrant 103 situé sous la trémie de stockage 101, et une trémie de pesée 104, alimentée de manière uniforme sur sa longueur grâce à un volet de répartition motorisé 105. Lorsque la masse de pâte dans la trémie de pesée 104 atteint une valeur déterminée, le fonctionnement de l'extracteur vibrant 103 est instantanément arrêté empêchant de la pâte supplémentaire d'être alimentée à la trémie de pesée 104.As already described above with reference to the figure 3 , the vibrating anode forming machines 1'a, 1'b, 1'c anodes are fed with carbonaceous paste by the feeder 100 usually comprising a storage hopper 101 serving as a buffer between the continuous flow of pulp entering the plant and the discontinuous flow of molded blocks leaving the plant, a vibrating extractor 103 located under the storage hopper 101, and a weighing hopper 104, fed uniformly over its length by means of a shutter. motorized distribution 105. When the mass of dough in the weighing hopper 104 reaches a determined value, the operation of the vibrating extractor 103 is instantly stopped preventing additional dough to be fed to the weigh hopper 104.

L'ensemble de fabrication comprend en outre un dispositif de transport 200 pour transporter et distribuer la pâte depuis le dispositif d'alimentation 100 jusqu'aux moules 1 des machines de formage. A cet effet, l'ensemble comprend un chemin de roulement principal pour le dispositif de transport 200. Le chemin de roulement principal se présente, tel qu'illustré par exemple sur les figures, sous la forme de deux rails 16 principaux parallèles, qui s'étendent selon une première direction dite principale.The manufacturing assembly further comprises a transport device 200 for transporting and dispensing the dough from the feed device 100 to the molds 1 of the forming machines. For this purpose, the assembly comprises a main raceway for the transport device 200. The main raceway is, as shown for example in the figures, in the form of two parallel main rails 16, which are extend in a first principal direction.

Le dispositif de transport 200 comprend une trémie de transport 201, alimentée en pâte carbonée par le dispositif d'alimentation.The transport device 200 comprises a transport hopper 201, fed with carbonaceous paste by the feed device.

Il est représenté sur la figure 4 un ensemble de fabrication de blocs moulés selon l'invention, comprenant trois machines de formage 1'a, 1'b, 1'c alignées selon la direction principale, et plus précisément ce sont les ouvertures supérieures des moules 1 des machines de formage 1'a, 1'b, 1'c qui sont alignées, étant entendu qu'il pourra y avoir un nombre quelconque de moules 1 alignés.He is represented on the figure 4 a set of manufacturing blocks molded according to the invention, comprising three forming machines 1'a, 1'b, 1'c aligned in the main direction, and more precisely it is the upper openings of the molds 1 of the forming machines 1 a, 1'b, 1'c which are aligned, it being understood that there may be any number of molds 1 aligned.

Les ouvertures des moules 1 sont décalées selon une deuxième direction dite secondaire par rapport au chemin de roulement principal 16, ladite direction secondaire étant perpendiculaire à la direction principale. Plus précisément, lorsque vues dans un plan horizontal, passant par la direction principale et la direction secondaire, les ouvertures des moules 1 ne sont pas situées entre les deux rails 16 du chemin de roulement principal, mais sont déportées sur un côté, en l'occurrence le côté opposé à celui où se trouve le dispositif 100 d'alimentation, selon la direction secondaire.The openings of the molds 1 are shifted in a second direction said secondary to the main raceway 16, said secondary direction being perpendicular to the main direction. More specifically, when viewed in a horizontal plane, passing through the main direction and the secondary direction, the openings of the molds 1 are not located between the two rails 16 of the main race, but are offset on one side, in the the opposite side to the one where the device 100 of feed, in the secondary direction.

Par conséquent, afin d'amener la pâte depuis le dispositif d'alimentation jusqu'aux moules, la trémie de transport 201 peut se déplacer à la fois selon la direction principale et selon la direction secondaire.Therefore, in order to bring the dough from the feeder to the molds, the transport hopper 201 can move both in the main direction and in the secondary direction.

A cet effet, le dispositif de transport 200 comprend un châssis principal 202 supportant un châssis secondaire 203, la trémie de transport 201 étant liée au châssis secondaire 203 de manière à lui être solidaire en translation dans le plan horizontal. En d'autres termes, la trémie de transport 201 se déplace en translation avec le châssis secondaire 203 selon la direction principale et la direction secondaire.For this purpose, the transport device 200 comprises a main frame 202 supporting a secondary frame 203, the transport hopper 201 being connected to the secondary frame 203 so as to be integral therewith in translation in the horizontal plane. In other words, the transport hopper 201 moves in translation with the secondary frame 203 in the main direction and the secondary direction.

Selon un mode de réalisation, des moyens pour mesurer la quantité de pâte carbonée contenue dans la trémie de transport 201 peuvent être interposés entre la trémie de transport 201 et le châssis secondaire 203. A cet effet, la trémie de transport 201 peut être reliée au châssis secondaire 203 par l'intermédiaire de trois supports. Par exemple, deux premiers supports sont des paliers munis d'organes d'articulation, à bas frottement comme des roulements ou des rotules métalliques, et sont situés sur un côté de la trémie de transport 201. Le troisième support, placé sur l'autre côté de la trémie de transport 201, peut alors être muni d'un capteur de force, tel qu'un peson, permettant de mesurer la quantité de pâte carbonée contenue dans la trémie de transport 201. Lorsque le peson s'étire ou se contracte sous l'effet du poids de la quantité de pâte dans la trémie de transport 201, celle-ci bascule alors légèrement. Les moyens pour mesurer la quantité de pâte carbonée contenue dans la trémie de transport 201 permettent notamment de s'assurer que l'ensemble de la pâte a été vidée de la trémie de transport 201 dans le moule 1.According to one embodiment, means for measuring the quantity of carbonaceous paste contained in the transport hopper 201 can be interposed between the transport hopper 201 and the secondary frame 203. For this purpose, the transport hopper 201 can be connected to the secondary frame 203 through three supports. For example, two first supports are bearings provided with hinge members, with low friction such as bearings or metal ball joints, and are located on one side of the transport hopper 201. The third support, placed on the other side of the transport hopper 201, can then be provided with a force sensor, such as a load cell, for measuring the amount of carbonaceous paste contained in the transport hopper 201. When the scale stretches or contracts under the effect of the weight of the amount of pulp in the transport hopper 201, it then tilts slightly. The means for measuring the amount of carbonaceous paste contained in the transport hopper 201 make it possible in particular to ensure that all the pulp has been emptied from the transport hopper 201 into the mold 1.

Le châssis principal 202 comprend par exemple un cadre 204 en U, c'est-à-dire présentant un côté ouvert, et comprend des moyens de roulement principaux, coopérant avec les rails 16 principaux du chemin de roulement principal, permettant au dispositif de transport 200 de se déplacer selon la direction principale, parallèle à la direction d'alignement des moules 1. Par exemple, les moyens de roulement principaux se présentent sous la forme de quatre roulettes 205, reliées par paire, placées au quatre coins du cadre 204.The main frame 202 comprises for example a U-shaped frame 204, that is to say having an open side, and comprises main rolling means, cooperating with the main rails 16 of the main race, allowing the transport device 200 to move in the main direction, parallel to the alignment direction of the molds 1. For example, the main rolling means are in the form of four casters 205, connected in pairs, placed at the four corners of the frame 204.

Le châssis principal 202 comprend en outre un guide 206, solidaire du cadre 204, définissant un chemin de roulement secondaire, s'étendant parallèlement à la direction secondaire. En pratique, le guide peut se présenter sous la forme de deux rails 207 secondaires parallèles s'étendant selon la direction secondaireThe main frame 202 further comprises a guide 206, integral with the frame 204, defining a secondary raceway, extending parallel to the secondary direction. In practice, the guide may be in the form of two parallel secondary rails 207 extending in the secondary direction

Le châssis secondaire 203 se présente sous la forme d'un cadre rectangulaire, et est monté glissant sur le châssis principal par l'intermédiaire de moyens de roulement secondaires 208, 209 tels que, par exemple, des roulettes 208, 209, placées sur un côté dit avant du châssis secondaire 203 et sur un côté dit arrière du châssis secondaire 203.The secondary frame 203 is in the form of a rectangular frame, and is slidably mounted on the main frame by via secondary bearing means 208, 209 such as, for example, rollers 208, 209, placed on a front side of the secondary frame 203 and on a rear side of the secondary frame 203.

Le châssis secondaire 203 peut ainsi se déplacer par rapport au châssis principal 202 par le déplacement des roulettes 208, 209 sur les rails 207 secondaires du châssis principal 202.The secondary chassis 203 can thus move relative to the main frame 202 by moving the rollers 208, 209 on the secondary rails 207 of the main frame 202.

Des moyens d'actionnement, qui peuvent être de type vérin pneumatique ou hydraulique 210, prennent appui sur le châssis principal 202 pour déplacer le châssis secondaire 203 selon la direction secondaire.Actuating means, which may be pneumatic or hydraulic jack type 210, rest on the main frame 202 to move the secondary frame 203 in the secondary direction.

La trémie de transport 201 comprend par ailleurs un dispositif d'ouverture et de fermeture, permettant de décharger la pâte carbonée dans les moules 1.The transport hopper 201 further comprises an opening and closing device, for discharging the carbonaceous paste into the molds 1.

Le dispositif d'ouverture et de fermeture est solidaire de la trémie de transport 201, et se situe par exemple sur un côté inférieur de la trémie de transport 201. Le dispositif d'ouverture et de fermeture est alors, par exemple, tel que décrit précédemment, et comprend deux demi-casques 211 actionnés par un vérin pneumatique ou hydraulique 212. En effet, comme cela a déjà été annoncé ci-dessus, la nature de la pâte carbonée pour la fabrication des anodes pour l'électrolyse de l'aluminium, et en particulier sa viscosité, nécessite que l'ouverture de la trémie de transport 201 soit alignée verticalement au mieux avec l'ouverture du moule. La pâte se déverse alors plus facilement par gravité.The opening and closing device is integral with the transport hopper 201, and is located for example on a lower side of the transport hopper 201. The opening and closing device is then, for example, as described. previously, and comprises two half-helmets 211 actuated by a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder 212. Indeed, as already announced above, the nature of the carbonaceous paste for the manufacture of anodes for the electrolysis of aluminum , and in particular its viscosity, requires that the opening of the transport hopper 201 is vertically aligned at best with the opening of the mold. The dough then pours more easily by gravity.

On comprend que d'autres solutions sont envisageables dépendamment de la nature de la pâte à déverser. En effet, selon la viscosité de la pâte, le dispositif d'ouverture et de fermeture de la trémie de transport 201 peut par exemple être solidaire du châssis principal 201, de sorte que le déplacement du châssis secondaire 203, et donc de la trémie de transport 201, entraîne l'ouverture de la trémie de transport 203 et la délivrance de la pâte au moule 1.It is understood that other solutions are possible depending on the nature of the dough to dump. Indeed, depending on the viscosity of the paste, the opening and closing device of the transport hopper 201 may for example be secured to the main frame 201, so that the displacement of the secondary frame 203, and therefore the hopper of transport 201, causes the opening of the transport hopper 203 and the delivery of the dough to the mold 1.

Comme il sera vu plus loin, le châssis secondaire 203 et la trémie de transport 201 sont placés au-dessus des rails 16 du chemin de roulement principal.As will be seen later, the secondary frame 203 and the transport hopper 201 are placed above the rails 16 of the main raceway.

Tout d'abord, le dispositif de transport est dans une position rétractée, dans laquelle le châssis secondaire 203 est rentré dans le châssis principal 202, de manière à être localisé entre les deux rails 16 du chemin de roulement principal. Le côté avant du châssis secondaire 203 est alors face au côté ouvert du cadre 204 du châssis principal. La trémie de transport 201 est chargée en pâte en amenant son ouverture supérieure à niveau avec l'ouverture de la trémie de pesée 104 du dispositif d'alimentation 100, qui assure que la quantité de pâte chargée dans la trémie de transport 201 correspond précisément à la quantité nécessaire à la fabrication d'un bloc moulé.First, the transport device is in a retracted position, in which the secondary chassis 203 is retracted into the main frame 202, so as to be located between the two rails 16 of the main raceway. The front side of the secondary chassis 203 is then facing the open side of the frame 204 of the main frame. The transport hopper 201 is pulped by bringing its upper opening level with the opening of the weighing hopper 104 of the feed device 100, which ensures that the quantity of dough loaded in the transport hopper 201 corresponds precisely to the quantity needed to manufacture a molded block.

Le dispositif de transport 200 est ensuite déplacé selon la direction principale par roulement du châssis principal 202 sur le chemin de roulement principal 16. Lorsque le dispositif 200 arrive à niveau avec un moule 1 d'une première machine 1'a de formage, le déplacement le long de la direction principale est stoppé, et le châssis secondaire 203 est déplacé dans la direction secondaire, de manière à s'étendre au moins partiellement au-delà des rails 16 du chemin de roulement principal. Ainsi, la trémie de transport 201 peut être décalée au-delà des rails 16 du chemin de roulement principal, c'est-à-dire que lorsque vue dans un plan horizontal, passant par la direction principale et la direction secondaire, la trémie de transport 201 n'est pas située entre les deux rails 16 du chemin de roulement principal, mais est déportée sur un côté, en l'occurrence le côté où se trouve les ouvertures des moules 1, selon la direction secondaire. Plus précisément, à cet effet, les vérins 210 du châssis principal 202 sont actionnés. Le châssis secondaire 203 sort du châssis principal 202 par le côté ouvert du cadre 204 et, avec la trémie de transport 201, passe au-dessus des rails 16 du chemin de roulement principal, pour éviter toute interférence, par déplacement selon la direction secondaire sur le chemin de roulement secondaire, par roulement le long des rails 207 secondaires sur le châssis principal 202.The transport device 200 is then moved in the main rolling direction of the main frame 202 on the main raceway 16. When the device 200 is level with a mold 1 of a first machine 1'a forming, the displacement along the main direction is stopped, and the secondary frame 203 is moved in the secondary direction, so as to extend at least partially beyond the rails 16 of the main raceway. Thus, the transport hopper 201 can be shifted beyond the rails 16 of the main raceway, that is to say that when viewed in a horizontal plane, passing through the main direction and the secondary direction, the hopper of transport 201 is not located between the two rails 16 of the main race, but is offset on one side, in this case the side where the openings of the molds 1, in the secondary direction. More specifically, for this purpose, the cylinders 210 of the main frame 202 are actuated. The secondary frame 203 exits the main frame 202 through the open side of the frame 204 and, with the transport hopper 201, passes over the rails 16 of the main race, to avoid interference, by displacement in the secondary direction on the secondary race, rolling along the secondary rails 207 on the main frame 202.

Le dispositif de transport 200 est alors dans une position déployée, dans laquelle la trémie de transport 201 et son dispositif d'ouverture et de fermeture 211, 212 sont amenés en correspondance avec l'ouverture du moule 1 de la première machine 1'a, laquelle ouverture est décalée dans la direction secondaire par rapport au chemin de roulement principal 16. En activant le vérin hydraulique 212 ouvrant les deux demi-casques 211 du dispositif d'ouverture et de fermeture de la trémie de transport 201, la pâte est déchargée dans le moule 1.The transport device 200 is then in an extended position, in which the transport hopper 201 and its opening and closing device 211, 212 are brought in correspondence with the opening of the mold 1 of the first machine 1'a, which opening is shifted in the secondary direction relative to the main race 16. activating the hydraulic cylinder 212 opening the two half-helmets 211 of the opening and closing device of the transport hopper 201, the paste is discharged into the mold 1.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, illustré sur les figures 6 et 7, les roulettes 208, 209 du châssis secondaire 203 quittent les rails 207 secondaires du châssis principal 202 pour rouler sur la surface supérieure 14 du moule 1, jusqu'à ce que la trémie de transport 201 se retrouve au-dessus de l'ouverture du moule 1. Les guides 207 du châssis principal 202 sont alors sensiblement dans le même plan que la surface supérieure 14 du moule 1.According to a first embodiment, illustrated on the figures 6 and 7 , the casters 208, 209 of the secondary chassis 203 leave the secondary rails 207 of the main frame 202 to roll on the upper surface 14 of the mold 1, until the transport hopper 201 is found above the opening of the mold 1. The guides 207 of the main frame 202 are then substantially in the same plane as the upper surface 14 of the mold 1.

Lors du passage de la position rétractée à la position déployée, le côté avant du châssis secondaire 203 quitte en premier les rails 207 du châssis principal 202. Or, pour des raisons pratiques, les rails secondaires 207 du châssis principal ne sont pas directement à côté des moules. Par exemple, l'ensemble de fabrication peut comprendre un chariot de maintenance, non représenté sur les figures, qui se déplace au-dessus des moules 1 selon la direction principale. Plus précisément, en pratique, l'ensemble de fabrication comprend, en plus des deux rails 16 du chemin de roulement principal un troisième rail, parallèle aux deux autres, de sorte qu'il forme, avec un des deux autres rails, un chemin de roulement annexe au-dessus des moules. Le chariot de maintenance partage alors un rail avec le dispositif de transport 200, en l'occurrence, sur les figures, le rail situé juste à côté des moules 1.During the transition from the retracted position to the deployed position, the front side of the secondary chassis 203 leaves first the rails 207 of the main frame 202. However, for practical reasons, the secondary rails 207 of the main frame are not directly adjacent mussels. For example, the manufacturing assembly may comprise a maintenance trolley, not shown in the figures, which moves above the molds 1 in the main direction. More specifically, in practice, the manufacturing assembly comprises, in addition to the two rails 16 of the main race a third rail, parallel to the other two, so that it forms, with one of the other two rails, a path of Annex bearing above the molds. The maintenance carriage then shares a rail with the transport device 200, in this case, in the figures, the rail located right next to the molds 1.

Par conséquent, afin de laisser passer le chariot de maintenance sur le rail commun, le dispositif de transport 200 en position rétractée, et plus précisément le châssis principal 202 portant les rails 207, doit être à distance des moules. Ainsi, pour passer en position déployée, le châssis secondaire 203 doit franchir un espace avant que les roulettes 208 du côté avant ne rentrent en contact avec la surface supérieure 14 du moule 1. Afin de limiter la position en porte-à-faux sur les roulettes 209 du côté arrière lors du franchissement de cet espace, le côté avant du châssis secondaire 204 est muni de deux paires de roulettes 208, écartées l'une de l'autre d'une distance déterminée, supérieure ou égale à l'espace à franchir. Ainsi, lorsqu'une première paire de roulettes 208 du châssis secondaire 203 quitte les rails secondaires 207 du châssis principal 202, le châssis secondaire 203 reste en appui sur les rails secondaires 207 par la deuxième paire de roulettes 208 du côté avant et par la paire de roulettes 209 du côté arrière. Puis, lorsque la première paire de roulettes 208 du côté avant entre en contact avec la surface supérieure 14 du moule, la deuxième paire de roulettes 208 du côté avant peut également quitter les rails secondaires 207.Therefore, in order to let the maintenance trolley on the common rail, the transport device 200 in the retracted position, and more specifically the main frame 202 carrying the rails 207, must be remote from the molds. Thus, to move into the deployed position, the secondary frame 203 must pass a space before the casters 208 on the front side come into contact with the upper surface 14 of the mold 1. In order to limit the cantilever position on the casters 209 on the rear side when crossing this space, the front side of the secondary frame 204 is provided with two pairs of wheels 208, spaced from each other by a determined distance, greater than or equal to the space to cross. Thus, when a first pair of wheels 208 of the secondary chassis 203 leaves the secondary rails 207 of the main frame 202, the secondary chassis 203 remains in abutment on the secondary rails 207 by the second pair of casters 208 on the front side and by the pair of casters 209 on the rear side. Then, when the first pair of casters 208 on the front side come into contact with the upper surface 14 of the mold, the second pair of casters 208 on the front side can also leave the secondary rails 207.

En variante, non représentée, l'ensemble de fabrication comprend des traverses s'étendant selon la direction secondaire, de part et d'autre du moule 1 de chaque machine 1'. Le châssis secondaire 203 du dispositif de transport 200 en position déployée peut alors rouler sur les traverses pour placer la trémie de transport 201 au dessus du moule considéré.In a variant, not shown, the manufacturing assembly comprises crosspieces extending in the secondary direction, on either side of the mold 1 of each machine 1 '. The secondary chassis 203 of the transport device 200 in the deployed position can then roll on the cross members to place the transport hopper 201 above the mold in question.

Lors du mouvement de la trémie de transport 201 selon la direction secondaire, celle-ci se déplace alors alternativement sur les rails 207 secondaires, solidaires du châssis principal 202, puis sur les bords de la face supérieure 14 du moule 1 ou des traverses aménagées de part et d'autre du moule 1, lesquels prolongent le chemin de roulement secondaire. La position des rails 207 secondaires, solidaires du châssis principal 202, est réalisée pour pouvoir se placer exactement en concordance avec les bords de la face supérieure 14 du moule ou des traverses aménagées de part et d'autre du moule 1.During the movement of the transport hopper 201 in the secondary direction, it then moves alternately on the secondary rails 207, integral with the main frame 202, then on the edges of the upper face 14 of the mold 1 or sleepers arranged both sides of the mold 1, which extend the secondary raceway. The position of the secondary rails 207, integral with the main frame 202, is made to be able to be exactly in concordance with the edges of the upper face 14 of the mold or sleepers arranged on either side of the mold 1.

Le dispositif de transport 200 est ensuite ramené en position rétractée par actionnement des vérins 210 entre les deux châssis 202, 203. Par déplacement inverse du dispositif de transport 200 le long des rails 16 du chemin de roulement principal, la trémie de transport 201 est de nouveau amenée à niveau de l'ouverture de la trémie de pesée 104 pour être chargée en pâte carbonée. Un nouveau cycle de transport de la pâte vers le moule 1 d'une autre machine de formage 1'b, 1'c peut être entrepris.The transport device 200 is then brought back into the retracted position by actuating the jacks 210 between the two frames 202, 203. By inverse displacement of the transport device 200 along the rails 16 of the main race, the transport hopper 201 is new brought to level the opening of the weighing hopper 104 to be loaded with carbonaceous paste. A new cycle of transporting the dough to the mold 1 of another forming machine 1'b, 1'c can be undertaken.

Par exemple, lorsqu'une machine 1'b située entre deux machines 1'a et 1'c, est en fonctionnement, c'est-à-dire avec le couvercle 13 refermant le moule 1, le dispositif de transport 200 peut toujours se déplacer entre les deux machines 1'a et 1'c selon la direction principale sans interférer avec la machine 1'b en fonctionnement.For example, when a machine 1'b located between two machines 1'a and 1'c, is in operation, that is to say with the lid 13 closing the mold 1, the transport device 200 can always be moving between the two machines 1'a and 1'c in the main direction without interfering with the 1'b machine in operation.

Le dispositif de transport 200 permet ainsi d'alimenter, à partir d'un même dispositif d'alimentation 100 plus de deux machines 1' de formage. Les cadences de production s'en trouvent augmentées, tandis que l'encombrement de l'ensemble de fabrication est diminué par rapport à un ensemble de l'état de la technique qui comprendrait plus de deux machines de formage 1'.The transport device 200 thus makes it possible to supply, from one and the same feed device 100, more than two forming machines 1 '. The production rates are increased, while the overall size of the assembly is reduced compared to a set of the state of the art which would include more than two forming machines 1 '.

Claims (8)

Dispositif de transport (200) de pâte, apte à se déplacer le long d'un chemin de roulement principal (16) s'étendant selon une première direction dite principale, pour alimenter des machines (1'a, 1'b, 1'c) de formage de blocs moulés, pour réaliser des électrodes, en particulier des anodes, pour l'électrolyse de l'aluminium, le dispositif (200) comprenant : - au moins un châssis principal (202), comportant des moyens de roulement principaux (205), destinés à coopérer avec le chemin de roulement principal (16), pour déplacer le châssis principal (202) selon la direction principale, - au moins une trémie de transport (201), supportée par le châssis principal (202), apte à être alimentée en pâte carbonée, et - au moins un dispositif d'ouverture et de fermeture (211, 212) de la trémie de transport (201) par lequel la pâte est délivrée aux machines de formage (1'),
le dispositif de transport (200) étant caractérisé en ce que, les ouvertures desdites machines (1a, 1b, 1c) étant déportées sur un côté des rails (16) du chemin de roulement principal selon une deuxième direction, dite secondaire, perpendiculaire à la direction principale, le châssis principal (202) comprend des guides (206, 207) définissant un chemin de roulement secondaire, s'étendant selon la direction secondaire, et en ce que le dispositif (200) comprend un châssis secondaire (203), lié à la trémie de transport (201) en translation selon la direction principale et la direction secondaire et muni de moyens de roulement secondaires (208, 209) coopérant avec les guides (207) du châssis principal (202), pour déplacer le châssis secondaire (203) sur le chemin de roulement secondaire selon la direction secondaire entre : - une position rétractée, dans laquelle le châssis secondaire (203) est rentré dans le châssis principal (202), de manière à être localisé entre les rails (16) du chemin de roulement principal, et - une position déployée, dans laquelle la trémie de transport (201) et le dispositif d'ouverture et de fermeture (211, 212) sont amenés en correspondance avec l'ouverture d'une des machines (1a, 1b, 1c). Device for conveying pulp (200), able to move along a main race (16) extending in a first main direction, for feeding machines (1'a, 1'b, 1 ') c) forming molded blocks, for producing electrodes, in particular anodes, for the electrolysis of aluminum, the device (200) comprising: - at least one main frame (202) having main bearing means (205) for cooperating with the main race (16) to move the main frame (202) in the main direction, at least one transport hopper (201), supported by the main frame (202), capable of being fed with carbonaceous paste, and at least one opening and closing device (211, 212) for the transport hopper (201) through which the paste is delivered to the forming machines (1 '),
the transport device (200) being characterized in that the openings of said machines (1a, 1b, 1c) being offset on one side of the rails (16) of the main race in a second, so-called secondary, direction perpendicular to the main direction, the main frame (202) comprises guides (206, 207) defining a secondary raceway, extending in the secondary direction, and that the device (200) comprises a secondary chassis (203), bound at the transport hopper (201) in translation in the main direction and the secondary direction and provided with secondary bearing means (208, 209) cooperating with the guides (207) of the main frame (202), to move the secondary chassis ( 203) on the secondary raceway in the secondary direction between: a retracted position, in which the secondary chassis (203) is retracted into the main chassis (202), so as to be located between the rails (16) of the main race, and - An extended position, wherein the transport hopper (201) and the opening and closing device (211, 212) are brought into correspondence with the opening of one of the machines (1a, 1b, 1c). Dispositif de transport (200) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le dispositif d'ouverture et de fermeture (211, 212) de la trémie de transport (201) est solidaire de la trémie de transport (201).A transport device (200) according to claim 1, wherein the opening and closing device (211, 212) of the transport hopper (201) is integral with the transport hopper (201). Dispositif de transport (200) selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans lequel les moyens de roulements (205) du châssis principal et du châssis secondaire sont des roulettes.A transport device (200) according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the bearing means (205) of the main frame and the secondary frame are rollers. Dispositif de transport (200) selon l'une quelconque de revendications précédentes, comprenant des moyens d'actionnement interposés entre le châssis secondaire (203) et le châssis principal (202) pour déplacer le châssis secondaire (203) par rapport au châssis principal (203) selon la direction secondaire.A transport device (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising actuating means interposed between the secondary chassis (203) and the main chassis (202) for moving the secondary chassis (203) relative to the main chassis ( 203) according to the secondary direction. Dispositif de transport (200) selon l'une quelconque de revendications précédentes, dans lequel les moyens de roulement secondaires (208, 209) du châssis secondaire (203) comprennent trois paires de roulettes, à savoir une paire de roulettes (209) placées sur un côté dit arrière du châssis secondaire (203) et deux paires de roulettes (208) écartées l'une de l'autre d'une distance déterminée, placée sur un côté dit avant du châssis secondaire (203).A transport device (200) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the secondary bearing means (208, 209) of the secondary chassis (203) comprises three pairs of rollers, namely a pair of rollers (209) placed on a said rear side of the secondary chassis (203) and two pairs of wheels (208) spaced from each other by a predetermined distance, placed on a said front side of the secondary chassis (203). Dispositif de transport (200) selon l'une quelconque de revendications précédentes, comprenant des moyens pour mesurer la quantité de pâte carbonée contenue dans la trémie de transport (201).A transport device (200) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims comprising means for measuring the amount of carbonaceous pulp contained in the transport hopper (201). Ensemble de fabrication de blocs moulés pour réaliser des électrodes, en particulier des anodes, pour l'électrolyse de l'aluminium, comprenant : - au moins un dispositif de transport (200) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, - au moins un dispositif d'alimentation (100) en pâte carbonée, lequel est fourni en pâte carbonée depuis un procédé amont de fabrication de la pâte, - au moins un chemin de roulement principal (16) s'étendant selon la direction principale, - au moins une machine de formage (1'a, 1'b, 1'c), décalée selon la direction secondaire par rapport au chemin de roulement principal (16), perpendiculaire à la direction principale, la machine de formage (1'a, 1'b, 1'c) comprenant au moins un moule (1) muni d'une ouverture dans une partie supérieure,
le dispositif de transport (200) se déplaçant depuis le dispositif d'alimentation (100) jusqu'à la machine de formage (1'a, 1'b, 1'c) par déplacement du châssis principal (202) sur le chemin de roulement principal (16) selon la direction principale, la trémie de transport (201) étant amenée en vis-à-vis de l'ouverture supérieure du moule (1) de la machine (1'a, 1'b, 1'c) par déplacement du châssis secondaire (203) sur les guides (206, 207) du châssis principal (202), sur le chemin de roulement secondaire, selon la direction secondaire. An assembly for manufacturing molded blocks for producing electrodes, in particular anodes, for the electrolysis of aluminum, comprising: at least one transport device (200) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, at least one feed device (100) made of carbonaceous paste, which is supplied with carbonaceous paste from an upstream dough-making process, at least one main raceway (16) extending in the main direction, at least one forming machine (1'a, 1'b, 1'c) shifted in the secondary direction relative to the main race (16), perpendicular to the main direction, the forming machine (1 ') a, 1'b, 1'c) comprising at least one mold (1) provided with an opening in an upper part,
the transport device (200) moving from the feeder (100) to the forming machine (1'a, 1'b, 1'c) by moving the main frame (202) on the feed path main bearing (16) in the main direction, the conveying hopper (201) being brought opposite the upper opening of the mold (1) of the machine (1'a, 1'b, 1'c ) by moving the secondary frame (203) on the guides (206, 207) of the main frame (202), on the secondary race, in the secondary direction. Ensemble de fabrication de blocs moulés selon la revendication 7, comprenant au moins trois machines de formage (1'a, 1'b, 1'c), chaque machine comprenant au moins un moule (1) muni d'une ouverture supérieure, les ouvertures supérieures des moules (1) de chaque machine de formage (1'a, 1'b, 1'c) étant alignées entre elles selon la direction principale, et étant décalées selon la direction secondaire par rapport au chemin de roulement principal (16).A molded block production assembly according to claim 7, comprising at least three forming machines (1'a, 1'b, 1'c), each machine comprising at least one mold (1) having an upper opening, the upper openings of the molds (1) of each forming machine (1'a, 1'b, 1'c) being aligned with each other in the main direction, and being offset in the secondary direction relative to the main raceway (16); ).
EP13185645.2A 2012-09-25 2013-09-24 Device for transporting slurry along two perpendicular axes and assembly for manufacturing mould blocks including such a device Active EP2711149B1 (en)

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FR2995879B1 (en) 2015-07-24
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CN103660016A (en) 2014-03-26
FR2995879A1 (en) 2014-03-28
AU2013231114A1 (en) 2014-04-10
RU2621094C2 (en) 2017-05-31
EP2711149B1 (en) 2016-11-23
CA2827012A1 (en) 2014-03-25

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