EP2663693B1 - Method and device for laying down and tensioning an impermeable cover for hydraulic works in loose material - Google Patents
Method and device for laying down and tensioning an impermeable cover for hydraulic works in loose material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2663693B1 EP2663693B1 EP12700958.7A EP12700958A EP2663693B1 EP 2663693 B1 EP2663693 B1 EP 2663693B1 EP 12700958 A EP12700958 A EP 12700958A EP 2663693 B1 EP2663693 B1 EP 2663693B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- geostrips
- trenches
- layer
- ballasting
- tensioning
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Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/16—Sealings or joints
Definitions
- This invention refers to a method and a device, or system, for laying down and tensioning an impermeable cover comprising sheet material consisting of a plurality of side by side arranged strips of a geomembrane, referred to also as "geostrips", for the protection of hydraulic structures consisting of loose natural material such as, for example, clay, earth, gravel, rocky material and/or their combination, in particular dams, canals, and/or natural and/or artificial water basins, or similar hydraulic structures, by which a blocking and a contemporary controlled stretching of the impermeable cover is achieved during its installation and laying down operations.
- geostrip means an impermeable cover consisting of a plurality of geostrips and/or sheet material sealingly connected to each other along their longitudinal edges, in which each geostrip or sheet includes at least one or more layers of any geosynthetic material as defined below, suitable to be used in contact with the ground; for example, the geostrips sheets could consist of a single layer of a natural or synthetic polymeric resin, or a bituminous material as defined below, or by multiple layers of any geotechnical material, such as a geocomposite consisting for example of an assembled structure comprising an impermeable layer as defined above, coupled with a layer of a geotextile suitable for the intended use.
- the bottom and/or side surfaces of hydraulic structures in particular hydraulic works consisting of loose material, such as dams, canals and/or water basins to come in contact with water, must be suitably protected and waterproofed by an impermeable cover consisting of a plurality of side by side arranged sheets, having overlapped and sealed edges, both to prevent water loss through the loose material of the body of the hydraulic structure, preventing any water seepage, and the possibility of subsidence and/or erosion of the same body in loose material of the hydraulic structure, and/or of the surface in contact with water.
- an impermeable cover consisting of a plurality of side by side arranged sheets, having overlapped and sealed edges, both to prevent water loss through the loose material of the body of the hydraulic structure, preventing any water seepage, and the possibility of subsidence and/or erosion of the same body in loose material of the hydraulic structure, and/or of the surface in contact with water.
- a suitable system of canalization obtained by the same anchoring profiles for the geomembrane also allowed for a drainage and evacuation of water that had seeped into the loose material of the body of the hydraulic structure or work, and any water leakages caused by breakages and/or perforation of the protective geomembrane; this prevented the membrane from being subject to bulging and/or high stresses that might have compromised its structural integrity.
- Anchoring systems for geomembrane covers are described for example in EP-A-0 459 015 , EP-A-0 722 016 and EP-A-1 137 850 .
- a correct tensioning of the geostrips during the construction and laying down of the impermeable cover is important because it prevents the formation of folds and/or pockets, which, if accidentally perforated, would constitute large, preferential passageways through which water would seep, thus generating all the problems that should be avoided by the use of the impermeable cover; the use of a correctly tensioned geostrips during the construction of the cover can therefore prevent the loss of water through the body of a hydraulic work in loose material, as well as any water seepage and possible subsidence and/or erosion of the same body, and/or of the surface of the hydraulic work in contact with water.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method and a hydraulic work with an impermeable cover in which the impermeable cover comprises a plurality of side by side arranged geostrips in an elastically yieldable synthetic material, and in which the excavation of the trenches, the laying down of the geostrips and the ballasting may be performed by separate steps, allowing an appropriate tensioning of the geostrips to avoid formations of folds and/or bags and water infiltration into the soil.
- the individual trenches can be directly shaped with a regularly, finished surface to come in contact with the geostrips, consisting of the same inert material of the soil; otherwise if the soil surface where the trenches are excavated or dug includes rocky material, gravel and/or aggregates of larger dimensions, it is possible to provide the trenches with a first bottom layer consisting of inert material of suitable granulometry and consistency, for example gravel and overlaying the bottom layer with a second layer of fine-grained filtering material such as sand, clay and/or slime that is then shaped to provide trenches having a longitudinal cavity with a regularly, finished surface suitable to come in contact with the geostrips.
- a first bottom layer consisting of inert material of suitable granulometry and consistency, for example gravel and overlaying the bottom layer with a second layer of fine-grained filtering material such as sand, clay and/or slime that is then shaped to provide trenches having a longitudinal cavity with a regularly, finished surface
- the filling of the trenches with fine-grained material and the shaping of the contact surface are required in soils having a granulometry higher than the sand which, during digging or excavation would not allow smooth and regular shaping of the trenches. Any improper shaping of the trenches will result in an improper positioning and tensioning of the geostrips which would lie on the edges of the trenches along irregular lines, thus giving rise to a cover being lain with wavy edges, which would make it difficult, if not impossible, to weld the overlapped edges of the geostrips, causing folds and/or bags that would reduce the tensioning effect.
- the filling of the trenches with a loose ballasting material also allows a secondary drainage and filtration function. The presence of layers of drainage and filtering material can be limited to the trenches alone, or extend over the entire surface of the hydraulic work to be covered by the geostrips.
- a filtering and drainage layer thus allows any water leakage through the covering geostrips to be collected, and to relieve any negative pressures acting on the cover, arising from the presence of water, such as ground water, on the back side.
- the geostrips can be transversely laid over the trenches and then sealingly connected to each other along their overlapped edges, or they can be pre-welded and longitudinally laid down on the trenches, provided that the total width of the geostrips or sheets of pre-welded geostrips is higher than the width between the extreme edges of three or more adjacent trenches.
- Figure 1 shows, for example, a generic hydraulic work consisting of loose material, comprising a water basin 10 including an embankment 11 having a sloped inner surface 12, and a bottom surface 13 for holding a certain quantity of water.
- both the inner surface 12 and the bottom surface 13 of the water basin are usually protected by an impermeable cover consisting of a geomembrane comprising a plurality of geostrips of a synthetic elastically yielding elastomeric material, which must be properly sealed together along their overlapped edges, tensioned and anchored to the ground.
- any material can be used for the geostrips of the impermeable cover, provided that it is suitable for its intended purpose; in particular it can be chosen from among the synthetic materials listed in the following table, taken individually or in combination.
- TYPE BASIC MATERIAL ABBREVIATION THERMOPLASTIC High-density polyethylene HDPE - Low and/or high-density polyethylene
- LLDPE Polyethylene PE - Chlorinated polyethylene CPE - Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer EVA/C - Polypropylene PP - Polyvinyl chloride PVC THERMOPLASTIC RUBBERS - Chlorine-sulfonate polyethylene CSPE - Ethylene-propylene copolymer E/P THERMOSTABLE - Polyisobutylene PIB - Chloroprene rubber CR - Ethylene propylene diene monomer EPDM - Butyl rubber IIR - Nitrile rubber NBR BITUM
- the geostrips can vary in thickness between 0.2 and 40 mm, with an elastic modulus between 10 and 5,000 MPa, possibly coupled with a geotextile.
- a plurality of trenches 14 are initially excavated into the soil, parallel to one another and all oriented in a given direction; the trenches 14 must be large enough to accommodate, if necessary, a preset quantity of drainage material and/or filtering material, as explained below.
- the trenches 14 can be of any suitable shape, for example they can have a rectangular, trapezoidal or semicircular cross section.
- the trenches 14 can be of any width L at the upper edges, and a depth S depending on the nature of the soil and the amount of drainage and/or filtering material in the trenches, while the pitch P between adjacent trenches 14 must be much larger than the width L, for example, between four and ten times L, or higher, so that between adjacent trenches 14 there will be a length of geostrips sufficient to allow for an required elongation by the elastic yielding, needed for tensioning by a suitable ballasting material.
- trenches having a maximum width L between 600 and 1000 mm, and a depth D between 400 and 700 mm were excavated, maintaining a pitch P between 4 and 10 m.
- the soil is composed of inert material of fine size particles, equal to or less than 0.5 to 0.6 mm, such as sand or clay, once the trenches 14 have been excavated, the soil must be adequately compacted, shaping the individual trenches with a longitudinal cavity having a regular, finished contact surface, suitable to come in contact with the geostrips 14.
- the individual trenches are partially filled 14 with a first layer 15 of drainage material, consisting for example of large-sized gravel; in this way a sort of drainage canal is provided, suitably slanted toward a peripheral manifold.
- a first layer 15 of drainage material consisting for example of large-sized gravel
- the layer 15 of drainage material can be distributed in the trenches 14 on the bottom surface 13 of the hydraulic work, or water basin 10 alone, while in the case of a sloped surface 12, facing towards the water in the basin 10, it is suggested that the drainage layer 15 be laid over the entire surface, as schematically shown in Figure 5 .
- the layer 15 of drainage material in the trenches 14 will be distributed so as to form a longitudinal cavity 16 large enough to hold a second layer 17 of filtering material, as shown in Figure 6 , in particular loose, shapeable material, such as earth, fine sand or small-sized gravel, rounded and sharp edges, which thus becomes a transition layer between the underlying drainage layer 15 and the protective geostrips subsequently laid down.
- a longitudinal canal 18 is provided as shown in Figure 6 .
- the thicknesses of the drainage layer 15, the filtering layer 17, and consequently the shape and size of the longitudinal canal 18, must be calculated so that the canals 18 can accommodate geostrips large enough to cause a desired tensioning, as well as to ensure the necessary blocking to withstand external forces such as wind, wave motion and ice.
- the cover is built by laying down a number of geostrips 20 transversely or orthogonally across the trenches 14, as shown in Figure 7 , unwinding them from rolls; as an alternative to laying down the geostrips transversely 20, as shown in Figure 7 multiple pre-welded geostrips 20 can be laid down, parallel to the trenches 14, provided that the total width of the pre-welded geostrips is greater than the space between the extreme edges of at least three adjacent trenches 14.
- the geostrips 20 are initially laid down and unfolded in a flat condition adhering to the soil or a surface of the hydraulic work to be protected, a bridging across the individual trenches 14, as shown in Figure 8 ; providing for a suitable overlap 21 between the opposite edges of adjacent geostrips, it's possible to achieve a sealing connection between them, for example by thermal welding, vulcanization or a suitable adhesive.
- the geostrips 20 are first sequentially pushed into the cavities 18 of a first set of alternate trenches 14A, for example the odd-numbered trenches as indicated by the reference numbers 1 and 3 in Figure 9 , by a first appropriate ballasting material 22.
- the geostrips 20 remain adherent to the soil with an arrangement bridging the remaining second set of even-numbered trenches 14B, adjacent to and interposed between the previous set of trenches 14A, as indicated in Figures 9, 10 and in detail in Figure 12 .
- the geostrips are then tensioned and ballasted into the cavities of the even-numbered trenches 14B, as shown and indicated by 22A in Figures 13 and 14 .
- ballasting material 22 and 22A can be used; for example, it can be selected from among the following: gravel, sand, earth, concrete, or a combination thereof.
- the ballasting material 22, 22A can be covered with an auxiliary geostrip 23, longitudinally extending over the individual trenches, heat-sealed along the edges to the geostrips 20.
- the geostrips 20 and 23 can be of any type, for example, them may be in the form of simple strips of geosynthetic material, or a geocomposite consisting of a combination of geosynthetic and geotextile materials.
- the transition layer may include a geotextile, a geocomposite, a geonet or other anti-perforation material suitable for the protection of the geostrips; likewise the drainage layer may consist of any geodrainage material such as gravel, geonet, geogrid, geomat or combination thereof.
- Figure 15 gives an explanatory summary of the main steps from S1 to S5 of the method for laying down and tensioning the geostrips according to this invention, in particular:
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Description
- This invention refers to a method and a device, or system, for laying down and tensioning an impermeable cover comprising sheet material consisting of a plurality of side by side arranged strips of a geomembrane, referred to also as "geostrips", for the protection of hydraulic structures consisting of loose natural material such as, for example, clay, earth, gravel, rocky material and/or their combination, in particular dams, canals, and/or natural and/or artificial water basins, or similar hydraulic structures, by which a blocking and a contemporary controlled stretching of the impermeable cover is achieved during its installation and laying down operations.
- For the purposes of this description, "geomembrane" means an impermeable cover consisting of a plurality of geostrips and/or sheet material sealingly connected to each other along their longitudinal edges, in which each geostrip or sheet includes at least one or more layers of any geosynthetic material as defined below, suitable to be used in contact with the ground; for example, the geostrips sheets could consist of a single layer of a natural or synthetic polymeric resin, or a bituminous material as defined below, or by multiple layers of any geotechnical material, such as a geocomposite consisting for example of an assembled structure comprising an impermeable layer as defined above, coupled with a layer of a geotextile suitable for the intended use.
- As it is known, the bottom and/or side surfaces of hydraulic structures, in particular hydraulic works consisting of loose material, such as dams, canals and/or water basins to come in contact with water, must be suitably protected and waterproofed by an impermeable cover consisting of a plurality of side by side arranged sheets, having overlapped and sealed edges, both to prevent water loss through the loose material of the body of the hydraulic structure, preventing any water seepage, and the possibility of subsidence and/or erosion of the same body in loose material of the hydraulic structure, and/or of the surface in contact with water.
- Over the time various methods and systems have been developed for covering and protecting by a geomembrane, hydraulic works or structure in concrete material, in particular hydraulic works consisting of loose material, according to which special metal profiles were used to lock and tensioning a number of the geostrips, which had to be previously anchored to the surfaces of the hydraulic works.
- For fastening a covering to hydraulic works consisting of loose material, the use of short length of fastening strips in PVC or other polymeric material suitable for a geotechnical use, namely suitable to come in contact with a soil has also been suggested, by partially embedding said strips into the same soil, then thermally welding an impermeable cover of geostrips to the protruding portion of said fastening strips.
- The use of a geomembrane has proved to be extremely beneficial, especially for covering systems in which use is made of geomembranes exposed to water and air, both due to the quality and efficiency of the waterproofing, as well as for its comparatively low cost and durability over the time.
- A suitable system of canalization obtained by the same anchoring profiles for the geomembrane, also allowed for a drainage and evacuation of water that had seeped into the loose material of the body of the hydraulic structure or work, and any water leakages caused by breakages and/or perforation of the protective geomembrane; this prevented the membrane from being subject to bulging and/or high stresses that might have compromised its structural integrity.
- Anchoring systems for geomembrane covers are described for example in
EP-A-0 459 015 ,EP-A-0 722 016 andEP-A-1 137 850 . - In the case of geomembranes exposed to the environment, in addition to any stresses caused by water seeping into the soil, it's also necessary to take into account the possibility of wave motions in the water, or the strong action of the wind, caused by cyclones for example, which tend to suck up the geomembrane when it is not covered by the water, pulling it away from its anchorage points.
- Lastly
US-A-5082397 is considered the closest prior art and disclosed the features of the preamble of claims 7 and 9. This document discloses a method and a hydraulic work with laid down impermeable cover comprising a plurality of side by side arranged plastic sheets for protecting hydraulic works, in which the operations of excavating a trench by removing the soil, unrolling and laying down of an unfolded plastic sheet, and immediately ballasting the plastic sheet laid down into the trench by merely covering the same plastic sheet with the previously removed soil, are conjointly made during the excavation, and repeatedly performed during successive passes up to complete an entire region to be protected. Therefore in laying down the plastic sheet, no tensioning is provided, and the formation of folds and/or bags is made possible leading to failure of the sheet material and water infiltration. - Covering systems of this kind have therefore proved to be extremely complex and expensive, and not always suitable for a proper application to hydraulic works.
- Therefore a need exists to find an alternative solution that is easy to install, comparatively less expensive, and which at the same time allows a firm anchorage and a controlled tensioning of the geostrips during laying-down and installation, while also providing suitable water drainage.
- A correct tensioning of the geostrips during the construction and laying down of the impermeable cover, is important because it prevents the formation of folds and/or pockets, which, if accidentally perforated, would constitute large, preferential passageways through which water would seep, thus generating all the problems that should be avoided by the use of the impermeable cover; the use of a correctly tensioned geostrips during the construction of the cover can therefore prevent the loss of water through the body of a hydraulic work in loose material, as well as any water seepage and possible subsidence and/or erosion of the same body, and/or of the surface of the hydraulic work in contact with water.
- Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a method and a hydraulic work with an impermeable cover in which the impermeable cover comprises a plurality of side by side arranged geostrips in an elastically yieldable synthetic material, and in which the excavation of the trenches, the laying down of the geostrips and the ballasting may be performed by separate steps, allowing an appropriate tensioning of the geostrips to avoid formations of folds and/or bags and water infiltration into the soil.
- The above can be obtained by a method for laying down and tensioning an impermeable cover for hydraulic works consisting of loose material, according to
claim 1, as well as by means of a hydraulic work with an impermeable cover according to claim 9. - If the surface of the hydraulic work comprises a clay soil or an inert material with fine particle size, for example less than 0.4 to 0.6 mm, the individual trenches can be directly shaped with a regularly, finished surface to come in contact with the geostrips, consisting of the same inert material of the soil; otherwise if the soil surface where the trenches are excavated or dug includes rocky material, gravel and/or aggregates of larger dimensions, it is possible to provide the trenches with a first bottom layer consisting of inert material of suitable granulometry and consistency, for example gravel and overlaying the bottom layer with a second layer of fine-grained filtering material such as sand, clay and/or slime that is then shaped to provide trenches having a longitudinal cavity with a regularly, finished surface suitable to come in contact with the geostrips.
- The filling of the trenches with fine-grained material and the shaping of the contact surface, are required in soils having a granulometry higher than the sand which, during digging or excavation would not allow smooth and regular shaping of the trenches. Any improper shaping of the trenches will result in an improper positioning and tensioning of the geostrips which would lie on the edges of the trenches along irregular lines, thus giving rise to a cover being lain with wavy edges, which would make it difficult, if not impossible, to weld the overlapped edges of the geostrips, causing folds and/or bags that would reduce the tensioning effect. The filling of the trenches with a loose ballasting material also allows a secondary drainage and filtration function. The presence of layers of drainage and filtering material can be limited to the trenches alone, or extend over the entire surface of the hydraulic work to be covered by the geostrips.
- The presence of a filtering and drainage layer thus allows any water leakage through the covering geostrips to be collected, and to relieve any negative pressures acting on the cover, arising from the presence of water, such as ground water, on the back side.
- The geostrips can be transversely laid over the trenches and then sealingly connected to each other along their overlapped edges, or they can be pre-welded and longitudinally laid down on the trenches, provided that the total width of the geostrips or sheets of pre-welded geostrips is higher than the width between the extreme edges of three or more adjacent trenches.
- This and other characteristics of the method and the device suitable for laying down and tensioning an impermeable cover comprising a plurality of geostrips, for hydraulic works consisting of loose material, according to this invention, could be better understood by the following description and the attached drawings, in which:
-
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a water basin comprising an impermeable cover consisting of a geostrips laid down and tensioned according to the invention; -
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a part of the bottom surface of the water basin ofFigure 1 , to show the excavation of the anchoring trenches; -
Fig. 3 is a sectional view according to line 3-3 ofFigure 2 ; -
Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of a trench, according to line 4-4 ofFigure 2 ; -
Fig. 5 is a sectional view similar to the one inFigure 4 , to show the formation of a drainage layer; -
Fig. 6 is a sectional view similar to the one in the previous figures, to show the formation of a filtering or transition layer, subsequently to a drainage layer; -
Fig. 7 is a view similar to the one inFigure 2 , to show the laying down of a number of geostrips, transversely extending across the trenches; -
Fig. 8 is a sectional view according to line 8-8 ofFigure 7 ; -
Fig. 9 is a view similar to the one inFigure 7 , to show a first penetration of the geostrips into a first set of alternate trenches; -
Fig. 10 is a sectional view according to line 10-10 ofFigure 9 ; -
Fig. 11 is an enlarged sectional view of a trench according to line 11-11 ofFigure 9 ; -
Fig. 12 is an enlarged sectional view of a trench, according to line 12-12 ofFigure 9 ; -
Fig. 13 is a view similar to the one inFigure 9 , to show a subsequent penetration and final tensioning of the geostrips into a second set of alternate trenches arranged between the first set of trenches; -
Fig. 14 is a sectional view according to line 14-14 ofFigure 13 ; -
Fig. 15 is a schematic view, summarizing the main steps of the method according to the invention. -
Figure 1 shows, for example, a generic hydraulic work consisting of loose material, comprising awater basin 10 including anembankment 11 having a slopedinner surface 12, and abottom surface 13 for holding a certain quantity of water. - To prevent water loss by seepage into the soil, both the
inner surface 12 and thebottom surface 13 of the water basin are usually protected by an impermeable cover consisting of a geomembrane comprising a plurality of geostrips of a synthetic elastically yielding elastomeric material, which must be properly sealed together along their overlapped edges, tensioned and anchored to the ground. - Any material can be used for the geostrips of the impermeable cover, provided that it is suitable for its intended purpose; in particular it can be chosen from among the synthetic materials listed in the following table, taken individually or in combination.
TYPE BASIC MATERIAL ABBREVIATION THERMOPLASTIC - High-density polyethylene HDPE - Low and/or high-density polyethylene LLDPE - Polyethylene PE - Chlorinated polyethylene CPE - Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer EVA/C - Polypropylene PP - Polyvinyl chloride PVC THERMOPLASTIC RUBBERS - Chlorine-sulfonate polyethylene CSPE - Ethylene-propylene copolymer E/P THERMOSTABLE - Polyisobutylene PIB - Chloroprene rubber CR - Ethylene propylene diene monomer EPDM - Butyl rubber IIR - Nitrile rubber NBR BITUMINOUS - Oxidised bitumen Prefabricated GM - Polymeric bitumen ----- - The above list is not exhaustive and also comprises materials that are technically and commercially ascribable to the elastomer and bituminous family.
- The geostrips can vary in thickness between 0.2 and 40 mm, with an elastic modulus between 10 and 5,000 MPa, possibly coupled with a geotextile. According to this invention, to install and anchoring the geostrips to the
surfaces water basin 10, as shown inFigures 1 to 4 , a plurality oftrenches 14 are initially excavated into the soil, parallel to one another and all oriented in a given direction; thetrenches 14 must be large enough to accommodate, if necessary, a preset quantity of drainage material and/or filtering material, as explained below. Thetrenches 14 can be of any suitable shape, for example they can have a rectangular, trapezoidal or semicircular cross section. As shown in the detail inFigure 4 , thetrenches 14 can be of any width L at the upper edges, and a depth S depending on the nature of the soil and the amount of drainage and/or filtering material in the trenches, while the pitch P betweenadjacent trenches 14 must be much larger than the width L, for example, between four and ten times L, or higher, so that betweenadjacent trenches 14 there will be a length of geostrips sufficient to allow for an required elongation by the elastic yielding, needed for tensioning by a suitable ballasting material. - By way of example only, it should be noted that during some experimental tests, trenches having a maximum width L between 600 and 1000 mm, and a depth D between 400 and 700 mm were excavated, maintaining a pitch P between 4 and 10 m.
- As previously reported, in cases the soil is composed of inert material of fine size particles, equal to or less than 0.5 to 0.6 mm, such as sand or clay, once the
trenches 14 have been excavated, the soil must be adequately compacted, shaping the individual trenches with a longitudinal cavity having a regular, finished contact surface, suitable to come in contact with thegeostrips 14. - Optionally, if the characteristics of the soil in which the
trenches 14 are excavated are such to include larger aggregates, once thetrenches 14 have been excavated, after having properly compacted the soil, the individual trenches are partially filled 14 with afirst layer 15 of drainage material, consisting for example of large-sized gravel; in this way a sort of drainage canal is provided, suitably slanted toward a peripheral manifold. - The
layer 15 of drainage material can be distributed in thetrenches 14 on thebottom surface 13 of the hydraulic work, orwater basin 10 alone, while in the case of asloped surface 12, facing towards the water in thebasin 10, it is suggested that thedrainage layer 15 be laid over the entire surface, as schematically shown inFigure 5 . - In all cases, the
layer 15 of drainage material in thetrenches 14, will be distributed so as to form alongitudinal cavity 16 large enough to hold asecond layer 17 of filtering material, as shown inFigure 6 , in particular loose, shapeable material, such as earth, fine sand or small-sized gravel, rounded and sharp edges, which thus becomes a transition layer between theunderlying drainage layer 15 and the protective geostrips subsequently laid down. - Once the
filtering layer 17 has been distributed in thetrenches 14, using an appropriate tooling, such as the bucket of an excavator, alongitudinal canal 18 is provided as shown inFigure 6 . - The thicknesses of the
drainage layer 15, thefiltering layer 17, and consequently the shape and size of thelongitudinal canal 18, must be calculated so that thecanals 18 can accommodate geostrips large enough to cause a desired tensioning, as well as to ensure the necessary blocking to withstand external forces such as wind, wave motion and ice. - After the preparation of the
trenches 14, or part of them, and their filling with thedrainage layer 15 and thefiltering layer 17 when necessary to create a finished contact surface to come in contact with the geostrips, and after having possibly overlapped it with a layer of a protective geotextile, not shown, according to the example in consideration the cover is built by laying down a number ofgeostrips 20 transversely or orthogonally across thetrenches 14, as shown inFigure 7 , unwinding them from rolls; as an alternative to laying down the geostrips transversely 20, as shown inFigure 7 multiple pre-weldedgeostrips 20 can be laid down, parallel to thetrenches 14, provided that the total width of the pre-welded geostrips is greater than the space between the extreme edges of at least threeadjacent trenches 14. - The
geostrips 20 are initially laid down and unfolded in a flat condition adhering to the soil or a surface of the hydraulic work to be protected, a bridging across theindividual trenches 14, as shown inFigure 8 ; providing for asuitable overlap 21 between the opposite edges of adjacent geostrips, it's possible to achieve a sealing connection between them, for example by thermal welding, vulcanization or a suitable adhesive. - After having laid down and sealingly connected a number of
geostrips 20, their anchoring and tensioning should proceed; this is done gradually in successive steps, as shown inFigures 9 to 14 of the attached drawings. - In particular, as shown in
Figures 9 and 10 and in detail inFigure 11 , thegeostrips 20 are first sequentially pushed into thecavities 18 of a first set ofalternate trenches 14A, for example the odd-numbered trenches as indicated by thereference numbers Figure 9 , by a firstappropriate ballasting material 22. - More precisely, in ballasting the
geostrips 20 into the first set ofalternate trenches 14A, thegeostrips 20 remain adherent to the soil with an arrangement bridging the remaining second set of even-numberedtrenches 14B, adjacent to and interposed between the previous set oftrenches 14A, as indicated inFigures 9, 10 and in detail inFigure 12 . Having completed the first ballasting step of thegeostrips 20 into the cavities of the odd-numberedtrenches 14A, the geostrips are then tensioned and ballasted into the cavities of the even-numberedtrenches 14B, as shown and indicated by 22A inFigures 13 and 14 . - By ballasting in the sequence as previously indicated, a final tensioning is performed of the
geostrips 20 that makes them perfectly adhere to thesurfaces geostrips 20 with appropriate weights to create the desired elongation and the desired tensioning by an elastic yielding ranging, for example, between 2% and 4% in the area of thegeostrips 20 betweenadjacent trenches Figures 13 and 14 . - Any type of ballasting
material - Optionally, as shown by 23 in
Figure 14 , at eachtrench 14 the ballastingmaterial auxiliary geostrip 23, longitudinally extending over the individual trenches, heat-sealed along the edges to thegeostrips 20. - The
geostrips - In some cases, in the area between adjacent trenches, the transition layer may include a geotextile, a geocomposite, a geonet or other anti-perforation material suitable for the protection of the geostrips; likewise the drainage layer may consist of any geodrainage material such as gravel, geonet, geogrid, geomat or combination thereof.
-
Figure 15 gives an explanatory summary of the main steps from S1 to S5 of the method for laying down and tensioning the geostrips according to this invention, in particular: - S1 shows the
trench excavation step 14; - S2 shows the step of filling the trenches with an
optional drainage layer 15; - S3 shows the step of filling the
trenches 14 with anoptional filtering layer 17, shaped with alongitudinal cavity 18 suitable to provide a regular, finished surface to come in contact with the geostrips. - S4 shows the laying down of the
geostrips 20 bridging across thetrenches 14; - S5 shows the pushing and blocking step of the geostrips by a first ballasting material, in the cavities of a first set of trenches such as the odd-numbered
trenches 14A; - finally, S6 shows the final step tensioning and anchoring the geostrips, pushing and blocking them into the cavities of the remaining second set of trenches such as even-numbered
trenches 14B by a second ballasting material. - It is to be understood, however, that what has been said and shown in the attached drawings, has been given purely by way of an example of the general features of the method and system according to this invention; therefore, other modifications or variations may be applied to the shape, size, arrangement and distance between the
trenches 14, to the type of material for the drainage and/or filtration layers and the ballasting material, achieving the same effects and the same results without departing from the claims.
Claims (17)
- A method for laying down and tensioning an impermeable cover comprising a number of geostrips (20) in elastically yielding synthetic material, on a surface (12, 13) of a hydraulic work in loose material, comprising the steps of:excavating a plurality of spaced apart trenches (14) which extend in one direction on the surface and into the soil (12, 13) of the hydraulic work;shaping the individual trenches (14) with a regularly finished surface suitable to come in contact with the geostrips (20); andlaying down the geostrips (20), in an unfolded and in a contact condition with the surface (12, 13) of the hydraulic work, overlapping opposite edges of adjacent geostrips (20), and ballasting the geostrips (20) into the trenches (14) by ballasting material (22, 22A);characterised by excavating said plurality of trenches comprising first and second sets (14A, 14B) of alternate trenches (14);sealingly connecting the overlapped edges of a plurality of geostrips (20) and, while laying down the plurality of geostrips (20), maintaining a bridging disposition of the geostrips (20) on the trenches (14);pushing the geostrips (20) to penetrate into the cavities of a first set of trenches (14A), blocking them by a first ballasting material; andsubsequently tensioning the geostrips (20), pushing them into the cavities of a second set of trenches (14B), blocking them in a taut condition by a second ballasting material (22A).
- The method according to claim 1, in which the shaped surface of the trenches (14) in contact with the geostrips (20), consists of a fine, inert material, with dimensions equal to or less than 0.5 mm.
- The method according to claim 1, comprising the additional steps of:partially filling each trench (14) with a first layer (15) of drainage material, and subsequently filling the trench (14) with a second layer (17) of a compactable, filtering inert material; andconfiguring the second filtering layer (17) with a longitudinal channel (18), shaping it with a regular finished contact surface with the geostrips (20).
- The method according to claim 1, in which the geostrips (20) are laid down in a transversal direction to the trenches (14).
- The method according to claim 1, in which a plurality of pre-welded geostrips (20) is laid down longitudinally to the trenches (14).
- The method according to claim 3, in which the layer of drainage material (15) comprises a geodrain.
- The method according to claim 6, in which the layer of drainage material (15) is chosen from: gravel, geomesh, geogrid, geomat or their combination.
- The method according to claim 1, in which the layer of filtering material (17) is chosen from: lime, sand, fine rounded gravel, geomesh, geotextile or their combination.
- A hydraulic work having a soil surface in loose material with a laid down and tensioned impermeable cover for the soil surface, in which the impermeable cover comprises a plurality of side by side arranged geostrips (20) in elastically yieldable synthetic material, having overlapped side edges, and in which the geostrips (20) are held by a ballasting material (22, 22A) in a plurality of trenches (14) parallely extending on the hydraulic soil surface (12,13);
the plurality of trenches (14) are anchoring trenches (14) each provided with a cavity shaped with a finished regular contact surface with the geostrips (20) characterised in that said plurality of trenches (14) comprise a first set of alternate trenches (14A), and a second set of alternate trenches (14B), in which each trench (14A) of the first set is extending between trenches (14B) of the second set of trenches;
the plurality of geostrips (20) being transversely and/or longitudinally unfolded to bridge said first and second set of trenches (14A, 14B); and the geostrips (20) are laid down and tensioned according to the method of claim 1;
said geostrips (20) are held in a tensioned condition by a first and a second ballast material (22, 22A), into said first and second set of trenches (14A, 14B). - The device according to claim 9, in which a drainage material comprises: gravel, geomesh, geogrid, geomat, singly or in combination.
- The device according to claim 9, in which a layer (17) of filtering material comprises: sand, earth, clay, lime, used singly or in combination.
- The device according to claim 11, in which the layer (17) of filtering material further comprises a geotextile, a geomesh, a geocomposite or their combination.
- The device according to claim 9, in which the ballast material includes: sand, gravel, earth, concrete or their combination.
- The device according to claim 9, in which the synthetic material of the geostrips (20) is chosen from the materials listed in the following table:
TYPE BASIC MATERIAL ABBREVIATION THERMOPLASTIC - High-density polyethylene HDPE - Low and/or high-density polyethylene LLDPE - Polyethylene PE - Chlorinated polyethylene CPE - Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer EVA/C - Polypropylene PP - Polyvinyl chloride PVC THERMOPLASTIC RUBBERS - Chlorine-sulfonate polyethylene CSPE - Ethylene-propylene copolymer E/P THERMOSTABLE - Polyisobutylene PIB - Chloroprene rubber CR - Ethylene propylene diene monomer EPDM - Butyl rubber IIR - Nitrile rubber NBR BITUMINOUS - Oxidised bitumen Prefabricated GM - Polymeric bitumen ----- - The device according to claim 13, in which the geostrips (20) have a thickness between 0.2 and 40 mm, and elasticity module between 10 and 5000 MPa.
- The device according to claim 9, in which the step (P) between the trenches (14A, 14B) is between four and ten times the maximum width (L) of the trenches.
- The device according to claim 9, characterised by comprising an additional geostrip (23) to cover the ballast material (22, 22A), sealed to the geostrips (20).
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL12700958T PL2663693T3 (en) | 2011-01-14 | 2012-01-12 | Method and device for laying down and tensioning an impermeable cover for hydraulic works in loose material |
SI201230373T SI2663693T1 (en) | 2011-01-14 | 2012-01-12 | Method and device for laying down and tensioning an impermeable cover for hydraulic works in loose material |
HRP20151283TT HRP20151283T1 (en) | 2011-01-14 | 2015-11-26 | Method and device for laying down and tensioning an impermeable cover for hydraulic works in loose material |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITMI2011A000028A IT1403631B1 (en) | 2011-01-14 | 2011-01-14 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR LAYING AND TENSIONING OF A WATERPROOF COVER, FOR HYDRAULIC WORKS IN LOOSE MATERIAL. |
PCT/EP2012/050423 WO2012095483A1 (en) | 2011-01-14 | 2012-01-12 | Method and device for laying down and tensioning an impermeable cover for hydraulic works in loose material |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2663693A1 EP2663693A1 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
EP2663693B1 true EP2663693B1 (en) | 2015-09-09 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP12700958.7A Active EP2663693B1 (en) | 2011-01-14 | 2012-01-12 | Method and device for laying down and tensioning an impermeable cover for hydraulic works in loose material |
Country Status (19)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2663693B1 (en) |
AP (1) | AP3472A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2012206575B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112013015631B1 (en) |
CL (1) | CL2013001815A1 (en) |
CO (1) | CO6720994A2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2558943T3 (en) |
GT (1) | GT201300146A (en) |
HR (1) | HRP20151283T1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL226722A (en) |
IT (1) | IT1403631B1 (en) |
JO (1) | JO3165B1 (en) |
MA (1) | MA34656B1 (en) |
PE (1) | PE20140456A1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2663693T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT2663693E (en) |
RS (1) | RS54427B1 (en) |
SI (1) | SI2663693T1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012095483A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
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CN109356101B (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2023-10-20 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Dam foundation seepage-proofing structure in ultra-deep coverage layer |
Family Cites Families (6)
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US5082397A (en) * | 1982-04-13 | 1992-01-21 | Solmat Systems, Ltd. | Method of and apparatus for controlling fluid leakage through soil |
IT1248825B (en) | 1990-05-29 | 1995-01-30 | Sibelon Srl | METHOD FOR THE PROTECTION OF DAMS, WITH DEHYDRATION BY CONDENSATION AND DRAINAGE, NOT IN PRESSURE, OF THE WATER PRESENT IN THE DAM BODY. |
US5703015A (en) * | 1990-08-09 | 1997-12-30 | Monsanto Company | Pesticidal compositions of polyoxyalkylene alkylamine surfactants having reduced eye irritation |
IT1272902B (en) | 1995-01-13 | 1997-07-01 | Sibelon Srl | SYSTEM FOR FORMING WATERPROOF PROTECTIVE COATINGS FOR HYDRAULIC WORKS UNDER WATER |
GB9825402D0 (en) * | 1998-11-19 | 1999-01-13 | Pfizer Ltd | Antiparasitic formulations |
IT1304093B1 (en) | 1998-12-10 | 2001-03-07 | Sibelon Srl | DAM IN LOOSE MATERIAL AND WATERPROOFING PROCEDURE |
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2011
- 2011-01-14 IT ITMI2011A000028A patent/IT1403631B1/en active
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2012
- 2012-01-02 JO JOP/2012/0002A patent/JO3165B1/en active
- 2012-01-12 AP AP2013006869A patent/AP3472A/en active
- 2012-01-12 WO PCT/EP2012/050423 patent/WO2012095483A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-01-12 BR BR112013015631-7A patent/BR112013015631B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2012-01-12 RS RS20150824A patent/RS54427B1/en unknown
- 2012-01-12 AU AU2012206575A patent/AU2012206575B2/en active Active
- 2012-01-12 ES ES12700958.7T patent/ES2558943T3/en active Active
- 2012-01-12 SI SI201230373T patent/SI2663693T1/en unknown
- 2012-01-12 PL PL12700958T patent/PL2663693T3/en unknown
- 2012-01-12 PT PT127009587T patent/PT2663693E/en unknown
- 2012-01-12 PE PE2013001554A patent/PE20140456A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2012-01-12 EP EP12700958.7A patent/EP2663693B1/en active Active
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2013
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- 2013-06-06 GT GT201300146A patent/GT201300146A/en unknown
- 2013-06-07 CO CO13138451A patent/CO6720994A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2013-06-20 CL CL2013001815A patent/CL2013001815A1/en unknown
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2015
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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HRP20151283T1 (en) | 2016-01-01 |
PE20140456A1 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
BR112013015631A2 (en) | 2016-10-11 |
WO2012095483A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
EP2663693A1 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
AU2012206575A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
IT1403631B1 (en) | 2013-10-31 |
PL2663693T3 (en) | 2016-05-31 |
AU2012206575B2 (en) | 2015-07-09 |
JO3165B1 (en) | 2017-09-20 |
MA34656B1 (en) | 2013-11-02 |
IL226722A (en) | 2017-09-28 |
AP2013006869A0 (en) | 2013-05-31 |
BR112013015631B1 (en) | 2021-01-26 |
NZ609811A (en) | 2014-06-27 |
RS54427B1 (en) | 2016-04-28 |
ITMI20110028A1 (en) | 2012-07-15 |
SI2663693T1 (en) | 2016-01-29 |
PT2663693E (en) | 2016-01-06 |
CO6720994A2 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
ES2558943T3 (en) | 2016-02-09 |
AP3472A (en) | 2015-11-30 |
GT201300146A (en) | 2014-08-26 |
CL2013001815A1 (en) | 2013-12-20 |
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