EP2659515A1 - A photovoltaic module whereof surface dirt is detected - Google Patents

A photovoltaic module whereof surface dirt is detected

Info

Publication number
EP2659515A1
EP2659515A1 EP11794138.5A EP11794138A EP2659515A1 EP 2659515 A1 EP2659515 A1 EP 2659515A1 EP 11794138 A EP11794138 A EP 11794138A EP 2659515 A1 EP2659515 A1 EP 2659515A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light source
receptacle
photovoltaic module
sensor
light
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11794138.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Onur Yaman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Arcelik AS
Original Assignee
Arcelik AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Arcelik AS filed Critical Arcelik AS
Publication of EP2659515A1 publication Critical patent/EP2659515A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/10—Cleaning arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
    • H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
    • H02S50/15—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells using optical means, e.g. using electroluminescence
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a photovoltaic module that generates electric energy from solar energy and whereof the dirt on the surface is detected.
  • Photovoltaic modules comprise solar panels having multiple numbers of photovoltaic cells connected in parallel to each other.
  • the photovoltaic modules provide generation of electric energy from solar energy.
  • the solar panels are placed in open areas, facing the sun in order to provide an efficient conversion of this energy.
  • the dust and particles suspended in air accumulate on the surface as a layer since the surface of the solar panel is open to the atmosphere. This layer decreases the efficiency of the panel by causing reduction in the amount of light reaching the solar panel.
  • Various systems like wiper systems, electrical charging systems etc are provided for cleaning the surfaces of the solar panels.
  • a transparent layer is disposed on the upper surface of the solar panel and the particles accumulate on this layer without reaching the solar panel.
  • cleaning operation on the layer is performed by the user or the cleaning operation is automatically performed constantly or at certain time intervals.
  • the said transparent layer prevents some portion of the sunlight to penetrate and cause the panel efficiency decrease.
  • the solar panel is located in a closed box having a transparent sheet disposed on one surface.
  • the dust and dirt accumulate on the transparent sheet.
  • a light source facing the transparent sheet and a sensor are included in the box, and as the amount of accumulated dust on the transparent sheet increases, a higher ratio of light is reflected from the dust layer and reaches the sensor.
  • the automatic cleaning system is activated and cleans the dirt and dust on the sheet.
  • the aim of the present invention is the realization of a photovoltaic module whereof the surface dirt is detected and that provides the dirt level on the solar panel to be detected without causing the efficiency of the solar panel to decrease.
  • At least one solar panel is disposed, providing electric energy to be generated from solar energy and at least one detection means providing the amount of dust and dirt accumulated on the panel to be detected.
  • the detection means comprises at least one light source that delivers light in a constant flux unto a surface, at least one sensor providing the light supplied by the light source to be detected, at least one receptacle surrounding the sensor, with one surface parallel to the panel and produced from transparent material and at least one control unit that monitors the amount of light reaching the sensor, generating a warning signal when the amount of light falls to a predetermined level.
  • the receptacle is produced from a material similar to the coating on the panel.
  • the dust accumulating on the receptacle and the panel is at quite similar levels to each other.
  • the receptacle is produced from a transparent material like glass etc and the surface thereof parallel to the panel is coated by a material similar to the coating on the panel.
  • the dust accumulated on the receptacle and the panel is at quite similar levels to each other.
  • the light source is mounted outside the receptacle and placed so as to emit light on the surface of the receptacle parallel to the panel.
  • the sensor is disposed inside the receptacle in the region where the light supplied by the light source reaches.
  • the light source is controlled by the control unit.
  • the light supplied by the light source passes through the surface of the receptacle whereon dust is accumulated before reaching the sensor. As the amount of dust and dirt on the surface increases, the amount of light that can reach the sensor by passing through this surface also decreases.
  • the sensor generates an output signal proportionate to the amount of light reaching thereto and delivers it to the control unit.
  • the control unit provides the cleaning operation to start by generating a signal when the output signal falls to a certain value or alerts the user.
  • the light source and the sensor operate constantly.
  • the light source and the sensor are operated by the control unit at certain time intervals.
  • a photovoltaic module realized in order to attain the aim of the present invention is illustrated in the attached figure, where:
  • Figure 1 – is the schematic view of the photovoltaic module of the present invention.
  • the photovoltaic module (1) comprises at least one solar panel (2) providing electric energy to be generated from solar energy and at least one detection means (3) that provides the amount of dust and dirt accumulated on the solar panel (2) to be detected.
  • the detection means (3) comprises,
  • At least one control unit (7) that monitors the amount of light reaching the sensor (5) and generates a warning signal when the amount of light decreases to a predetermined level ( Figure 1).
  • the light source (4) is mounted outside the receptacle (6) and placed so as to deliver light on the surface of the receptacle (6) parallel to the solar panel (2).
  • the light source (4) transmits light in a constant flux onto this surface and the amount of light reaching the sensor (5) by passing through the surface decreases as dust and dirt accumulates on the said surface.
  • light in constant flux is delivered continuously by the light source (4).
  • the light source (4) delivers light in constant flux at certain time intervals. In this embodiment, at which intervals the light source (4) operates is controlled by the control unit (7).
  • a laser diode that supplies laser light is used as the light source (4).
  • the light source (4) comprises at least one light emitting diode (LED).
  • the senor (5) is disposed inside the receptacle (6) and opposite the light source (4), in other words in the region where the light supplied by the light source (4) reaches.
  • the sensor (5) delivers an output signal to the control unit (7) by measuring the amount and luminous intensity of the light reaching thereto.
  • the senor (5) operates constantly together with the light source (4).
  • the senor (5) is operated together with the light source (4) at certain time intervals by the control unit (7).
  • the receptacle (6) is produced from a transparent material having physical and chemical properties equivalent to the coating on the solar panel (2).
  • a coating is provided on the surface of the receptacle (6) remaining between the light source (4) and the sensor (5) which is equivalent to the physical and chemical properties of the coating on the surface of the solar panel (2).
  • the coating provides the amount of dust and dirt accumulated over time to be almost at the same level as the accumulation on the solar panel (2).
  • the surface of the solar panel (2) is placed with a certain angle so that the sunlight reaches almost vertically onto the surface, the surface of the receptacle (6) remaining between the light source (4) and the sensor (5) is also at the same angle as the surface of the solar panel (2).
  • the angle difference between the solar panel (2) and the coating is avoided thereby preventing differences in dirtiness that may arise due to this variation.
  • the light source (4), the sensor (5) and the receptacle (6) are placed in a position as close as possible to the solar panel (2) so that the dust and dirt accumulate on the solar panel (2) can be at the same level as on the surface of the receptacle (6) remaining between the light source (4) and the sensor (5).
  • the control unit (7) controls the sensor (5) and the light source (4) and reviews the output signal delivered from the sensor (5).
  • the control unit (7) is calibrated after the installation of the detection means (3) is performed. During this calibration operation, when the dirt level on the receptacle (6) is at the highest allowable value, the output signal level (ampere, voltage etc) of the sensor (5) is measured and this value is recorded in the control unit (7) as a threshold value. While the detection means (3) operates, the control unit (7) generates a warning signal in the case the output signal reaches the threshold value. If there is an automatic cleaning system present on the solar panel (2), this warning signal can activate the cleaning system. If the cleaning system is to be started by the user or if the cleaning operation is to be performed by the user, a visual or auditory signal can be delivered about the necessity of cleaning the surfaces of the panel (2) and the receptacle (6).
  • the dirt on the panel (2) can be detected without covering the upper surface of the solar panel (2) with a transparent sheet and without causing decrease in efficiency of the solar panel (2).
  • the solar panel (2) is not required to be dismounted, the position changed or to be turned off during the installation of the detection means (3). This not only saves time but also provides ease of use.

Landscapes

  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a photovoltaic module (1) that generates electric energy from solar energy and whereof the dirt on the surface is detected. The photovoltaic module (1) of the present invention comprises a solar panel (2) and at least one detection means (3) that provides the amount of dust and dirt accumulated on the solar panel (2) to be detected. The detection means comprises at least one receptacle with one surface parallel to the solar cell, one light source outside the receptacle, at least one sensor situated inside the receptacle, and at least one control unit that monitors the amount of light reaching the sensor and generates a warping signal when the amount of light decreases below a predetermined level.

Description

    A PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE WHEREOF SURFACE DIRT IS DETECTED
  • The present invention relates to a photovoltaic module that generates electric energy from solar energy and whereof the dirt on the surface is detected.
  • Photovoltaic modules comprise solar panels having multiple numbers of photovoltaic cells connected in parallel to each other. The photovoltaic modules provide generation of electric energy from solar energy. The solar panels are placed in open areas, facing the sun in order to provide an efficient conversion of this energy. The dust and particles suspended in air accumulate on the surface as a layer since the surface of the solar panel is open to the atmosphere. This layer decreases the efficiency of the panel by causing reduction in the amount of light reaching the solar panel.
  • Various systems like wiper systems, electrical charging systems etc are provided for cleaning the surfaces of the solar panels. In some systems providing cleaning of the solar panel, a transparent layer is disposed on the upper surface of the solar panel and the particles accumulate on this layer without reaching the solar panel. When the amount of dirt on the layer reaches a certain level, cleaning operation on the layer is performed by the user or the cleaning operation is automatically performed constantly or at certain time intervals. The said transparent layer prevents some portion of the sunlight to penetrate and cause the panel efficiency decrease.
  • In the state of the art Japanese Patent Application No. JP59150484, the solar panel is located in a closed box having a transparent sheet disposed on one surface. The dust and dirt accumulate on the transparent sheet. A light source facing the transparent sheet and a sensor are included in the box, and as the amount of accumulated dust on the transparent sheet increases, a higher ratio of light is reflected from the dust layer and reaches the sensor. When the amount of light reflected reaches a predetermined level the automatic cleaning system is activated and cleans the dirt and dust on the sheet.
  • The aim of the present invention is the realization of a photovoltaic module whereof the surface dirt is detected and that provides the dirt level on the solar panel to be detected without causing the efficiency of the solar panel to decrease.
  • In the photovoltaic module, realized in order to attain the aim of the present invention, explicated in the first claim and the respective claims thereof, at least one solar panel is disposed, providing electric energy to be generated from solar energy and at least one detection means providing the amount of dust and dirt accumulated on the panel to be detected.
  • The detection means comprises at least one light source that delivers light in a constant flux unto a surface, at least one sensor providing the light supplied by the light source to be detected, at least one receptacle surrounding the sensor, with one surface parallel to the panel and produced from transparent material and at least one control unit that monitors the amount of light reaching the sensor, generating a warning signal when the amount of light falls to a predetermined level.
  • In an embodiment of the present invention, the receptacle is produced from a material similar to the coating on the panel. Thus, the dust accumulating on the receptacle and the panel is at quite similar levels to each other.
  • In another embodiment of the present invention, the receptacle is produced from a transparent material like glass etc and the surface thereof parallel to the panel is coated by a material similar to the coating on the panel. Thus, the dust accumulated on the receptacle and the panel is at quite similar levels to each other.
  • The light source is mounted outside the receptacle and placed so as to emit light on the surface of the receptacle parallel to the panel. In this embodiment, the sensor is disposed inside the receptacle in the region where the light supplied by the light source reaches. The light source is controlled by the control unit. The light supplied by the light source passes through the surface of the receptacle whereon dust is accumulated before reaching the sensor. As the amount of dust and dirt on the surface increases, the amount of light that can reach the sensor by passing through this surface also decreases. The sensor generates an output signal proportionate to the amount of light reaching thereto and delivers it to the control unit. The control unit provides the cleaning operation to start by generating a signal when the output signal falls to a certain value or alerts the user.
  • In an embodiment of the present invention, the light source and the sensor operate constantly.
  • In another embodiment of the present invention, the light source and the sensor are operated by the control unit at certain time intervals.
  • A photovoltaic module realized in order to attain the aim of the present invention is illustrated in the attached figure, where:
  • Figure 1 – is the schematic view of the photovoltaic module of the present invention.
  • The elements illustrated in the figures are numbered as follows:
    1. Photovoltaic module
    2. Solar panel
    3. Detection means
    4. Light source
    5. Sensor
    6. Receptacle
    7. Control unit
  • The photovoltaic module (1) comprises at least one solar panel (2) providing electric energy to be generated from solar energy and at least one detection means (3) that provides the amount of dust and dirt accumulated on the solar panel (2) to be detected.
  • The detection means (3) comprises,
  • - at least one receptacle (6), with one surface parallel to the solar panel (2) and produced from transparent material,
  • - at least one light source (4) disposed outside the receptacle (6),
  • - at least one sensor (5) situated inside the receptacle (6), providing the light emitted from the light source (4) to be detected and
  • - at least one control unit (7) that monitors the amount of light reaching the sensor (5) and generates a warning signal when the amount of light decreases to a predetermined level (Figure 1).
  • The light source (4) is mounted outside the receptacle (6) and placed so as to deliver light on the surface of the receptacle (6) parallel to the solar panel (2). The light source (4) transmits light in a constant flux onto this surface and the amount of light reaching the sensor (5) by passing through the surface decreases as dust and dirt accumulates on the said surface. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, light in constant flux is delivered continuously by the light source (4).
  • In an embodiment of the present invention, the light source (4) delivers light in constant flux at certain time intervals. In this embodiment, at which intervals the light source (4) operates is controlled by the control unit (7).
  • In another embodiment of the present invention, a laser diode that supplies laser light is used as the light source (4).
  • In another embodiment of the present invention, the light source (4) comprises at least one light emitting diode (LED).
  • In an embodiment of the present invention, the sensor (5) is disposed inside the receptacle (6) and opposite the light source (4), in other words in the region where the light supplied by the light source (4) reaches. The sensor (5) delivers an output signal to the control unit (7) by measuring the amount and luminous intensity of the light reaching thereto.
  • In an embodiment of the present invention, the sensor (5) operates constantly together with the light source (4).
  • In an embodiment of the present invention, the sensor (5) is operated together with the light source (4) at certain time intervals by the control unit (7).
  • In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the receptacle (6) is produced from a transparent material having physical and chemical properties equivalent to the coating on the solar panel (2).
  • In another embodiment of the present invention, a coating is provided on the surface of the receptacle (6) remaining between the light source (4) and the sensor (5) which is equivalent to the physical and chemical properties of the coating on the surface of the solar panel (2).
  • The coating provides the amount of dust and dirt accumulated over time to be almost at the same level as the accumulation on the solar panel (2). When the surface of the solar panel (2) is placed with a certain angle so that the sunlight reaches almost vertically onto the surface, the surface of the receptacle (6) remaining between the light source (4) and the sensor (5) is also at the same angle as the surface of the solar panel (2). Thus, the angle difference between the solar panel (2) and the coating is avoided thereby preventing differences in dirtiness that may arise due to this variation. Furthermore, the light source (4), the sensor (5) and the receptacle (6) are placed in a position as close as possible to the solar panel (2) so that the dust and dirt accumulate on the solar panel (2) can be at the same level as on the surface of the receptacle (6) remaining between the light source (4) and the sensor (5).
  • In an embodiment of the present invention, the control unit (7) controls the sensor (5) and the light source (4) and reviews the output signal delivered from the sensor (5). The control unit (7) is calibrated after the installation of the detection means (3) is performed. During this calibration operation, when the dirt level on the receptacle (6) is at the highest allowable value, the output signal level (ampere, voltage etc) of the sensor (5) is measured and this value is recorded in the control unit (7) as a threshold value. While the detection means (3) operates, the control unit (7) generates a warning signal in the case the output signal reaches the threshold value. If there is an automatic cleaning system present on the solar panel (2), this warning signal can activate the cleaning system. If the cleaning system is to be started by the user or if the cleaning operation is to be performed by the user, a visual or auditory signal can be delivered about the necessity of cleaning the surfaces of the panel (2) and the receptacle (6).
  • By means of the present invention, the dirt on the panel (2) can be detected without covering the upper surface of the solar panel (2) with a transparent sheet and without causing decrease in efficiency of the solar panel (2). The solar panel (2) is not required to be dismounted, the position changed or to be turned off during the installation of the detection means (3). This not only saves time but also provides ease of use.
  • It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed above and a person skilled in the art can easily introduce different embodiments. These should be considered within the scope of the protection postulated by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (11)

  1. A photovoltaic module (1) comprising at least one solar panel (2) providing electric energy to be generated from solar energy and at least one detection means (3) that provides the amount of dust and dirt accumulated on the solar panel (2) to be detected,
    characterized by the detection means (3) having
    - at least one receptacle (6), with one surface parallel to the solar panel (2) and produced from transparent material,
    - at least one light source (4) disposed outside the receptacle (6),
    - at least one sensor (5) situated inside the receptacle (6), providing the light emitted from the light source (4) to be detected and
    - at least one control unit (7) that monitors the amount of light reaching the sensor (5) and generates a warning signal when the amount of light decreases to a predetermined level.
  2. A photovoltaic module (1) as in Claim 1, characterized by the light source (4) that is disposed so as to deliver light to the surface of the receptacle (6) parallel to the solar panel (2).
  3. A photovoltaic module (1) as in Claim 1 or 2, characterized by the light source (4) that delivers light in constant flux.
  4. A photovoltaic module (1) as in Claim 1 or 2, characterized by the light source (4) that delivers light in constant flux at certain time intervals.
  5. A photovoltaic module (1) as in any one of the above Claims, characterized by the light source (4) having at least one light emitting diode (LED).
  6. A photovoltaic module (1) as in any one of the above Claims, characterized by the light source (4) having a laser diode that supplies laser light.
  7. A photovoltaic module (1) as in any one of the above Claims, characterized by the sensor (5) that is disposed inside the receptacle (6), opposite the light source (4).
  8. A photovoltaic module (1) as in any one of the above Claims, characterized by the receptacle (6) whereof the surface parallel to the solar panel (2) remains between the light source (4) and the sensor (5).
  9. A photovoltaic module (1) as in any one of the above Claims, characterized by the receptacle (6) that is produced from a transparent material having physical and chemical properties equivalent to the coating on the surface of the solar panel (2).
  10. A photovoltaic module (1) as in any one of the Claims 1 to 8, characterized by the receptacle (6) that is produced from a transparent material, having a coating on the surface thereof remaining between the light source (4) and the sensor (5), having physical and chemical properties equivalent to the coating on the surface of the solar panel (2).
  11. A photovoltaic module (1) as in any one of the above Claims, characterized by the control unit (7) that controls the sensor (5) and the light source (4), reviews the output signal delivered from the sensor (5) and sends a warning signal when the output signal level of the sensor (5) reaches the level corresponding to the highest allowable value of the dirt level on the receptacle (6).
EP11794138.5A 2010-12-30 2011-12-08 A photovoltaic module whereof surface dirt is detected Withdrawn EP2659515A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TR201011188 2010-12-30
PCT/EP2011/072198 WO2012089485A1 (en) 2010-12-30 2011-12-08 A photovoltaic module whereof surface dirt is detected

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2659515A1 true EP2659515A1 (en) 2013-11-06

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11794138.5A Withdrawn EP2659515A1 (en) 2010-12-30 2011-12-08 A photovoltaic module whereof surface dirt is detected

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP2659515A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2012089485A1 (en)

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ES2549395B1 (en) 2014-04-24 2016-05-25 Fund Tekniker Dirt sensor and procedure to detect the amount of dirt on a surface
DE102015005408A1 (en) * 2015-04-29 2016-11-03 Axis24 GmbH Method and device for determining the transmittance of energy converters
FR3046511A1 (en) * 2016-01-06 2017-07-07 Abderahman Kriouile AUTOMATIC SOIL DETECTION SYSTEM IN SOLAR ENERGY FACILITIES
DE102018204146B4 (en) * 2018-03-19 2019-10-31 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Method for estimating a state of a global radiation sensor and measuring station with global radiation sensor
EP3775804A4 (en) * 2018-04-05 2022-02-09 Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DETERMINING SOILING ON PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES
CN109217819A (en) * 2018-09-13 2019-01-15 友达光电股份有限公司 Dust detection device, solar cell system including the same, and evaluation method using the same
FR3089669B1 (en) * 2018-12-06 2022-03-25 Electricite De France Method for determining a soiling rate of a photovoltaic production unit
WO2021168499A1 (en) * 2020-02-25 2021-09-02 Lifespan Energy Pty Ltd Device, system and method for detecting soiling matter on a surface
JP2024031142A (en) * 2022-08-25 2024-03-07 株式会社東芝 Snowfall determination device, snowfall determination method, and snowfall determination program

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