EP2653265B1 - Agent abrasif et outil de rectification - Google Patents

Agent abrasif et outil de rectification Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2653265B1
EP2653265B1 EP12002759.4A EP12002759A EP2653265B1 EP 2653265 B1 EP2653265 B1 EP 2653265B1 EP 12002759 A EP12002759 A EP 12002759A EP 2653265 B1 EP2653265 B1 EP 2653265B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
abrasive
binder
base body
grinding tool
multicellular
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12002759.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2653265A1 (fr
Inventor
Stephan Dopp
Dirk-Olaf Damrau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hermes Schleifmittel GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Hermes Schleifmittel & Co KG GmbH
Hermes Schleifmittel GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hermes Schleifmittel & Co KG GmbH, Hermes Schleifmittel GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Hermes Schleifmittel & Co KG GmbH
Priority to EP12002759.4A priority Critical patent/EP2653265B1/fr
Priority to ES12002759T priority patent/ES2732931T3/es
Priority to US13/864,626 priority patent/US20130280995A1/en
Publication of EP2653265A1 publication Critical patent/EP2653265A1/fr
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Publication of EP2653265B1 publication Critical patent/EP2653265B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D5/06—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental
    • B24D5/063—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental with segments embedded in a matrix which is rubbed away during the grinding process

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an abrasive with a base body and applied to the surface of the body abrasive grain.
  • the abrasive grain is attached to the surface by a binder.
  • the invention further provides a method for producing such an abrasive article and a grinding tool, in which abrasive article according to the invention is used.
  • Abrasive materials on the underlay are subject to wear during use, which limits the service life. Decisive for this is the decreasing sharpness of the grinding tool.
  • the cause is primarily a change in the cutting edge geometry, for example, caused by a breakage of abrasive grain, a breakage of abrasive grain from the binder or a wear of the abrasive grain in the form of a continuous Abtrag (plateau formation) and clogging of the abrasive coating by material deposits.
  • this wear manifests itself in decreasing material removal and increasing heat development, but also in a changing grinding pattern. By adjusting the process parameters of the wear can be compensated conditionally, so that in many applications a sufficiently consistent quality machining can be reached.
  • This principle has been realized in different ways.
  • several layers of binder and abrasive grain have been applied to one another on top of one another.
  • Disadvantage of this structure are the high surface bearing components with the associated heat development, which arise after the wear of the first grain layer.
  • the relatively flat surface structure has no chip spaces, so that a compression of abrasion and clogging of the tool surface is favored. This not only limits the service life of the tool, but also reduces the surface quality of the workpiece to surface defects.
  • Another method provides agglomerates consisting of several abrasive grains to be applied to the substrate. This method has the advantage, in comparison to the first-mentioned method, that in the course of the grinding process, new abrasive grain bound in the agglomerate continuously engages without a binder layer having to be removed over a large area.
  • a similar approach is followed with defined structured grinding tools, where the abrasive grain is embedded in a bonding matrix.
  • the hollow sphere can be obtained according to this prior art by expanding vinyl chloride / ethylene copolymers.
  • polystyrene balls are coated with a binder-abrasive grain mixture, wherein the binder consists of a high temperature resistant, inorganic material. This makes it possible to heat the balls to temperatures of about 500 ° C and thus subject the polystyrene core of a pyrolysis with predominantly volatile reaction products. In a subsequent step, the binder must be cured at even higher temperatures.
  • an abrasive is known in which an abrasive grain is applied by means of a binder on the surface of a base body.
  • the invention is based on the object to provide an abrasive of the type mentioned, which can be easily manufactured and used in many ways.
  • the invention solves this problem by means of an abrasive, which has a multicellular body according to claim 1.
  • An abrasive is used for machining material on the machined workpiece.
  • the main body carries the abrasive grain, which causes the actual material removal.
  • a base body with multicellular structure means that the volume enclosed by it is interspersed with a multiplicity of walls or wall structures which subdivide this volume into smaller cavities (pores or cells).
  • the individual cells may be partially completely closed, in part, they may be due to only partially closed wall structures in conjunction with adjacent cells.
  • the cell structure causes on the one hand a strength of the body, in particular during the processing of the coating with binder, but it also stabilizes the abrasive grain during the grinding process, especially when the body undergoes no significant additional stabilization through multiple coating and / or heat treatment. Due to the size and type of the pores, the microporous basic bodies have a comparatively low density, so that a continuous vertical removal with the aim of releasing as yet unconsumed abrasive grain is possible without difficulty. Accordingly, the carrying percentage and thus the heat development of the grinding tool increases only insignificantly after the opening of the body.
  • the hollow spheres of the prior art are opened at an early stage of the grinding process. Although it has been shown that the open hollow spheres do not increase the supporting portion of the tool surface and generate chip space, the chips can not be removed from the half-opened hollow body. Rather, these densify in the course of the grinding process in such a way that the supporting portion of the tool surface is increased and markings can arise with the quality of surface defects on the workpiece surface.
  • the multicellular structure avoids these disadvantages.
  • An open at the beginning of the grinding process body has due to its porous structure no space for receiving chips and abrasion.
  • the main body is inventively designed as a foam glass body.
  • Suitable glasses are, for example, soda lime silicate glasses.
  • the preparation of such preferably substantially spherical base body is familiar to the expert and described for example in FIG DE 39 41 732 A1 .
  • EP 484 643 A1 and EP 1 723 087 B1 These references are also incorporated herein by reference.
  • Suitable basic bodies made of glass with a multicellular structure are commercially available, for example, from Dennert Poraver GmbH under the trade name Poraver®.
  • the average size of the abrasive body is according to the invention preferably 0.1 to 2 mm, more preferably 0.2 to 1 mm, more preferably 0.3 to 0.5 mm.
  • the invention makes it possible to provide abrasive bodies of small sizes (for example about 300 ⁇ m or 300-500 ⁇ m), which are required for the increasingly demanded abrasive tools with a coating thickness of the order of magnitude of 600 ⁇ m.
  • Multicellular bodies are readily available in any size and are commercially available.
  • the prior art based on hollow spheres
  • the production of such small abrasive body is not readily possible.
  • their size can not be controlled with sufficient accuracy by the process control.
  • the obtained balls must be screened and only the part with a suitable size spectrum can be used.
  • very small hollow spheres require a relatively thick binder layer for the application of abrasive grain, but this thick binder layer makes it difficult to break up in the course of the grinding process.
  • the multicellular bodies of the present invention inherently have higher stability and, therefore, require only a correspondingly thinner binder layer even at a small size.
  • the pore size of the main body is preferably between 1 and 200 microns (determined on SEM-typefaces).
  • the density of the main body is preferably in the range between 0.1 and 1 g / cm 3 . This density range allows for a sufficient strength, in particular in the production of the abrasive, when applied to a grinding tool and in the application and on the other hand in the course of the Grinding process a continuous removal of the porous body, so that continuously still unused abrasive grain comes into contact with the workpiece surface. At a density in this range, further increase the supporting content and thus the heat of the grinding tool after opening the abrasive body and in the course of its continuous removal only slightly.
  • the compressive strength of a single body is preferably from 0.2 to 6 N.
  • Body of smaller size for example in the size range 0.25 to 0.5 mm, according to the invention, a compressive strength of 0.2 to 1.6 N and accordingly larger bodies, for example in the size range of 1 to 2 mm, can have a compressive strength of 1.1 to 6 N.
  • the compressive strength of the bed of bodies is preferably between 1 and 4 N / mm 2 , more preferably 1.5 to 3 N / mm 2 . Again, it may again be preferred if the compressive strength varies depending on the size of the body.
  • a compressive strength of the bed of about 2.8 N / mm 2 may be preferred, with a size range between 0.25 and 0.5 mm about 2.6 N / mm 2 , at a size range of 0.5 to 1 mm about 2 N / mm 2 and in a size range of 1 to 2 mm about 1.6 N / mm 2 .
  • the compressive strength of the bed is determined on the basis of DIN EN 1355-2. To determine the compressive strength of the bed, 1 l of the base body is filled into a steel cylinder and compacted. With the aid of an attached punch, the granules in this cylinder are compressed by 20 mm by means of a test press. The required force is given as the compressive strength of the bed in [N / mm2].
  • the abrasive grain on the surface of the base body may preferably have a grain size between P40 and P2500, preferably between P60 and P180 or P180 and P500 (FEPA standard).
  • P40 and P2500 preferably between P60 and P180 or P180 and P500 (FEPA standard).
  • FEPA standard FEPA standard
  • the stated values can be combined as desired to areas according to the invention.
  • corundum or silicon carbide can be used as the abrasive grain.
  • the shape of the abrasive is determined primarily by the shape of the multi-cellular body. This is based on the fact that the main body relative to the abrasive grain has a significantly larger volume and the abrasive grains are mounted on the circumference of the body and thereby can cause no significant change in the shape of the abrasive.
  • the size ratio of the diameter (abrasive grain / body) is preferably less than 1: 6. In the determination according to the FEPA standard 43-D-1984, the average abrasive grain diameter dk50 is determined and in the size ratio to the diameters of the multicellular Basic body set.
  • the diameters of the multicellular basic body are derived from the manufacturer's classification (Dennert Poraver GmbH).
  • binders suitable organic or inorganic binders of the prior art may be used.
  • the base body After coating the base body with abrasive grain, it is possible to dry according to the invention. It is preferred if, in addition to the drying, to temperatures above 200 ° C, preferably to temperatures of 400 to 1000 ° C, more preferably 800 to 1000 ° C, heated.
  • the binder is further solidified, in particular calcined, and reaches its maximum strength.
  • the abrasive grain is firmly bound to the surface of the body, also solidified binder can contribute to the resistance of the finished abrasive body against pressure and shear loads.
  • thermal treatment may optionally occur a thermally induced change in the multicellular structure in the interior of the body. It is possible by using basic bodies of one According to heat-resistant material to maintain the stability of the multicellular structure even at these high temperatures. This is useful for abrasives for applications with high grinding forces.
  • the invention further provides a grinding tool with a backing, a binder for abrasives and an abrasive according to the invention.
  • the pad may comprise a woven, knitted or paper.
  • a capping agent may be applied to the abrasive.
  • the grinding tool may be formed, for example, as a grinding belt, sandpaper, or the like.
  • the production of the abrasive body according to the invention is carried out by coating a multicellular body with binder and abrasive grain.
  • the basic body used is glass body Poraver® from Dennert Poraver GmbH.
  • Fig. 1 shows a micrograph of a such basic body with multicellular structure. The size ranges used are given in Tab. 1, which lists the constituents of the abrasive bodies.
  • Tab. 2 describes the composition of organic and inorganic binders.
  • the binder with the type designation CM 025 is used to apply abrasive grain to the base body.
  • the GL 414 binder is used to apply abrasive to a backing to make a grinding tool (see examples below).
  • the binder NL 592 serves as a covering binder for the grinding tool.
  • Organic binders, eg. B. based on phenolic, epoxy, melamine or polyurethane resins can also be used instead of an inorganic binder for anchoring abrasive grain on the multicellular body.
  • Nonionic emulsifier BASF SE (4) Phenol resin SF Watery Resol Momentive GmbH (5) Omyacarb 4-BG Ground chalk Omya GmbH (6) Calcium carbonate Type 442 Felled chalk Magnesia GmbH (7) IRON OXYGEN BLACK 316 Fe3O4-color pigment Bayer AG
  • abrasive first base body and binder CM 025 are mixed together.
  • a forced mixer "Zyklos" from the company Schwelm is used.
  • the abrasive grain is added and distributed homogeneously.
  • the product is dried by means of a belt dryer at about 176 ° C. After drying, the product is classified by means of a vibrating wire.
  • the top wire has a mesh size of 1600 pm, the bottom wire of 840 ⁇ m.
  • the residue on the bottom wire is fed to this coating process two more times and dried in each case. Are obtained separated, scatterable and free-flowing abrasive balls.
  • the curing by heating takes place only once after the last coating process.
  • the abrasives differ by use different abrasive grain, namely normal corundum P400 (Examples 1 and 2) and silicon carbide (Examples 3 and 4).
  • the abrasives of Examples 1 and 3 are merely dried, those of Examples 2 and 4 additionally solidified (fired) by heat treatment.
  • Example 5 Example 6
  • Example 7 Example 8 carrier Paper (300 g / m 2 ) Paper (300 g / m 2 ) X2623 / 1 (310 g / m 2 ) X2623 / 1 (310 g / m 2 ) base binder GL 414 (85 g / m 2 ) GL 414 (93 g / m 2 ) GL 414 (160 g / m 2 ) GL 414 (150 g / m 2 ) abrasive Example 2 (122 g / m 2 )
  • Example 1 (106 g / m 2 )
  • Example 4 (220 g / m 2 )
  • Example 3 (191 g / m 2 ) deck binder NL 592 (245 g / m 2 ) NL 592 (245 g / m 2 ) NL 592 (360 g / m 2
  • a paper support (width 400 mm, 300 g / m 2 ) was coated with the GL 414 base binder and subsequently sprinkled with the abrasive of Example 2.
  • the flow rate was 5 m / min and the basis weight of the base binder was 85 g / m 2 , that of the abrasive 122 g / m 2 .
  • the residual (top binder) of type NL 592 was applied with a basis weight of 245 g / m 2 (flow rate 5 m / min). After drying in a loop dryer (180 min, 130 ° C) and the Flexen (flex system from IM & T, transverse flexure with smooth rod, 1.5 bar, 15 m / min) were made with sanding belts measuring 150 mm x 2500 mm (straight film joint on impact, 70 °).
  • Example 5 The procedure was as in Example 5 with the following deviations: Scattered is an abrasive of Example 1 at 106 g / m 2 ; the base binder GL 414 is applied at 93 g / m 2 and the top binder NL 592 at 245 g / m 2 .
  • the backing used is a cotton fabric X2623 / 1 (Holstein textile finishing, cotton twill weave with a thread count of 32.5 / 19.0 (warp / weft) threads / cm 2 with a thread count of 50/36 (warp / weft) TEX, which is solidified with a finish of a skin glue / latex mixture), (310 g / m 2 ).
  • An abrasive of Example 4 at 220 g / m 2 is scattered;
  • the base binder GL 414 is applied at 160 g / m 2 and the top binder NL 592 at 360 g / m 2 .
  • Example 5 The procedure was as in Example 5 with the following deviations:
  • the backing used is a cotton fabric X2623 / 1 (310 g / m 2 ).
  • An abrasive of Example 3 is sprinkled with 191 g / m 2 ; the base binder GL 414 is applied at 150 g / m 2 and the top binder NL 592 at 328 g / m 2 .
  • Fig. 2 shows the surface of a grinding belt according to the invention after an application period which corresponds to approximately half the service life. Visible are open grain-covered bodies, in this case abrasives, with a porous internal structure, but no accumulation of abrasion.
  • FIG. 3 shows the result of the grinding tests. It can be seen that the removal rate is significantly higher for an inventive abrasive belt of Example 5, in which the abrasive was additionally heat-treated after drying.
  • the thick printed lines show Example 5 and the thin Example 6.
  • FIG. 4 shows the result of the grinding tests. It can be seen that the removal rate is significantly higher for an inventive abrasive belt of Example 7, in which the abrasive was additionally heat-treated after drying.
  • the thick printed lines show Example 7 and the thin lines show Example 8.

Claims (14)

  1. Agent abrasif avec un corps de base multicellulaire et un grain abrasif appliqué sur la surface du corps de base, dans lequel le grain abrasif est fixé sur la surface par un agent liant, caractérisé en ce que le corps de base multicellulaire est formé par un corps en verre cellulaire.
  2. Agent abrasif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le corps de base est réalisé essentiellement en forme de bille.
  3. Agent abrasif selon une des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce que la grandeur moyenne des corps d'agent abrasif vaut 0,1 - 2 mm, de préférence 0,2 - 1 mm, et de préférence encore 0,3 - 0,5 mm.
  4. Agent abrasif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la grandeur des pores du corps de base se situe entre 1 et 200 µm.
  5. Agent abrasif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la densité du corps de base se situe entre 0,3 et 1 g/cm3.
  6. Agent abrasif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la résistance à la compression d'un corps de base vaut 0,2 à 6 N.
  7. Agent abrasif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la résistance à la compression d'un tas des corps de base vaut 1 - 4 N/mm2, de préférence 1,5 - 3 N/mm2.
  8. Agent abrasif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le grain abrasif présente une granulométrie comprise entre P150 et P1000, de préférence entre P180 et P500.
  9. Agent abrasif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le grain abrasif comprend du corindon ou du carbure de silicium.
  10. Procédé de fabrication d'un agent abrasif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé par les étapes suivantes:
    a) préparer un corps de base présentant une structure multicellulaire, qui est formé par un corps en verre cellulaire,
    b) revêtir le corps de base d'un agent liant,
    c) recouvrir le corps de base de grain abrasif.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que l'on traite thermiquement l'agent abrasif, de préférence à des températures de 400 - 1000°C, de préférence de 800 - 1000°C.
  12. Outil de rectification comprenant un support, un agent liant pour l'agent abrasif et un agent abrasif, dans lequel le support présente de préférence un tissu, un tricot ou un papier, un film ou un non-tissé, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente un agent abrasif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9.
  13. Outil de rectification lié, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente un agent liant et un agent abrasif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9.
  14. Outil de rectification selon la revendication 12 ou 13, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente en outre un agent liant de recouvrement.
EP12002759.4A 2012-04-20 2012-04-20 Agent abrasif et outil de rectification Active EP2653265B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12002759.4A EP2653265B1 (fr) 2012-04-20 2012-04-20 Agent abrasif et outil de rectification
ES12002759T ES2732931T3 (es) 2012-04-20 2012-04-20 Agente abrasivo y herramienta abrasiva
US13/864,626 US20130280995A1 (en) 2012-04-20 2013-04-17 Abrasive material and abrasive wheel

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12002759.4A EP2653265B1 (fr) 2012-04-20 2012-04-20 Agent abrasif et outil de rectification

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2653265A1 EP2653265A1 (fr) 2013-10-23
EP2653265B1 true EP2653265B1 (fr) 2019-04-10

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EP12002759.4A Active EP2653265B1 (fr) 2012-04-20 2012-04-20 Agent abrasif et outil de rectification

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US (1) US20130280995A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2653265B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2732931T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9586308B2 (en) 2014-04-09 2017-03-07 Fabrica Nacional De Lija, S.A. De C.V. Abrasive product coated with agglomerated particles formed in situ and method of making the same

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GB1227396A (fr) * 1967-05-12 1971-04-07
WO1997008263A1 (fr) * 1995-08-29 1997-03-06 Alois Sippl Materiau abrasif et produit abrasif fabrique a partir dudit materiau

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US2806772A (en) * 1954-09-15 1957-09-17 Electro Refractories & Abrasiv Abrasive bodies
USRE29808E (en) * 1973-09-26 1978-10-24 Norddeutsche Schleifmittel-Indutrie Christiansen & Co. Hollow body grinding materials
DE2348338C3 (de) 1973-09-26 1983-12-01 Norddeutsche Schleifmittel-Industrie Christiansen & Co (GmbH & Co), 2000 Hamburg Aus Bindemittel und Schleifkorn bestehender Schleifkörper
NL162006C (nl) * 1973-09-26 Norddeutsche Schleifmittel Ind Slijpwerktuig.
US4311489A (en) * 1978-08-04 1982-01-19 Norton Company Coated abrasive having brittle agglomerates of abrasive grain
US4541842A (en) * 1980-12-29 1985-09-17 Norton Company Glass bonded abrasive agglomerates
SE451687B (sv) * 1980-12-29 1987-10-26 Norton Co Agglomererade slipmedelspartiklar
US4543106A (en) * 1984-06-25 1985-09-24 Carborundum Abrasives Company Coated abrasive product containing hollow microspheres beneath the abrasive grain
DE3941732C2 (de) 1989-12-18 1999-01-07 Dennert Poraver Gmbh Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Schaumglas-Formkörpern
US5039311A (en) * 1990-03-02 1991-08-13 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrasive granules
DE4038637A1 (de) 1990-11-05 1992-05-07 Dennert Poraver Gmbh Verwendung bestimmter altglas-sorten fuer die herstellung von schaumglas-formkoerpern
DE19522460C2 (de) 1995-06-21 2000-06-21 Dennert Poraver Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schaumglas-Granulat
US5681361A (en) * 1996-01-11 1997-10-28 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method of making an abrasive article and abrasive article produced thereby
US7214126B1 (en) * 2000-07-17 2007-05-08 Kamei Tekkosho Ltd. Abrasive material
US6679758B2 (en) * 2002-04-11 2004-01-20 Saint-Gobain Abrasives Technology Company Porous abrasive articles with agglomerated abrasives
DE10360819A1 (de) 2003-12-23 2005-07-21 Dennert Poraver Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schaumglasgranulat
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GB1227396A (fr) * 1967-05-12 1971-04-07
WO1997008263A1 (fr) * 1995-08-29 1997-03-06 Alois Sippl Materiau abrasif et produit abrasif fabrique a partir dudit materiau

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US20130280995A1 (en) 2013-10-24
EP2653265A1 (fr) 2013-10-23
ES2732931T3 (es) 2019-11-26

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