EP2649387A1 - Refrigeration circuit - Google Patents

Refrigeration circuit

Info

Publication number
EP2649387A1
EP2649387A1 EP10794942.2A EP10794942A EP2649387A1 EP 2649387 A1 EP2649387 A1 EP 2649387A1 EP 10794942 A EP10794942 A EP 10794942A EP 2649387 A1 EP2649387 A1 EP 2649387A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
coldness
receiver
storage device
refrigerating system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10794942.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2649387B1 (en
Inventor
Oliver Finckh
Tobias Sienel
Christoph Kren
Alexander Tambovtsev
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carrier Corp
Original Assignee
Carrier Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carrier Corp filed Critical Carrier Corp
Publication of EP2649387A1 publication Critical patent/EP2649387A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2649387B1 publication Critical patent/EP2649387B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/385—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in parallel on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/39—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/006—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant containing more than one component
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—Component parts or details not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • F25B2400/23—Separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—Component parts or details not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • F25B2400/24—Thermal storage element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/07—Exceeding a certain pressure value in a refrigeration component or cycle

Definitions

  • superfluous cooling capacity during low load operation of the refrigeration circuit may be used for cooling the coldness storage medium 13 arranged in the coldness storage device 15.
  • the excessive coldness produced during low load periods is saved to be used later in high load periods. This increases the efficiency of the refrigeration circuit 42 considerably and reduces the costs for running the refrigeration circuit 42 in particular during high load periods.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a refrigerating system configured for circulating a refrigerant and comprising in flow direction of the refrigerant: a heat rejecting heat exchanger, a receiver, an expansion device, an evaporator, a compressor, and a coldness storage device. The coldness storage device is configured to receive and store coldness during the operation of the refrigerating system, and to cool refrigerant stored within the receiver and/or to cool refrigerant leaving the heat rejecting heat exchanger before entering the receiver.

Description

REFRIGERATION CIRCUIT
Refrigeration circuits which are configured for circulating a refrigerant and which are comprising in flow direction of the refrigerant a heat rejecting heat exchanger, a receiver, an expansion device, an evaporator, and a compressor are widely known and used for refrigeration purposes. In those types of refrigeration circuits liquid refrigerant is stored within the receiver. However, when such a refrigeration circuit is switched off, the temperature of the refrigerant in the refrigeration lines and within the receiver increases due to heat impact from the environment. This results in the evaporation of refrigerant and an increase off pressure within the refrigeration circuit. In order to avoid damage of the system's components caused by said increasing pressure, common refrigeration circuits include at least one pressure relief valve, which opens when a predetermined pressure within the refrigeration circuit is exceeded in order to allow refrigerant to escape from the refrigeration circuit.
Removing refrigerant from the refrigeration circuit via pressure relief valves, however, results in loss of refrigerant, and at some point the removed refrigerant needs to be replaced which increases the costs for operating and maintaining the refrigeration circuit. Additionally the removed refrigerant pollutes the environment.
In order to avoid this problem it is known to use an auxiliary cooler, which uses e.g. HFC as refrigerant, in order to cool the refrigerant stored within the receiver when the refrigeration system is not operating.
It would be beneficial to provide means for avoiding the increase of pressure in a non-working refrigeration circuit without the need for an auxiliary cooler.
It furthermore would be beneficial to increase the performance of the refrigeration circuit when running at hot ambient temperatures. Exemplary embodiments of the invention include a refrigeration circuit configured for circulating a refrigerant and comprising in flow direction of the refrigerant a heat rejecting heat exchanger, a receiver, an expansion device, an evaporator, and a compressor. The refrigeration circuit further includes a coldness storage device which is configured to receive and store coldness in a first mode of operation during the operation of the refrigeration system, and to cool refrigerant which is stored within the receiver using the stored coldness in a second mode of operation, in particular when the refrigeration system is not operating.
Exemplary embodiments further include a refrigeration circuit, wherein the coldness storage device is configured to receive and store coldness during the operation of the refrigeration circuit, and to pre-cool refrigerant leaving the heat rejecting heat exchanger before entering the receiver.
Embodiments of the invention are described in greater detail below with reference to the attached figures, wherein:
Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a first embodiment of a refrigeration circuit according to the invention;
Fig. 2 shows a schematic view of a second embodiment of a refrigeration circuit according to the invention;
Fig. 3 shows a schematic view of a third embodiment of a refrigeration circuit according to the invention;
Fig. 4 shows a schematic view of a fourth embodiment of a refrigeration circuit according to the invention.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of a refrigeration circuit 2 according to a first embodiment of the invention. 9200
3
The refrigeration circuit 2 shown in Fig. 1 is a two-stage expansion refrigeration circuit 2 comprising in flow direction of the refrigerant a heat rejecting heat exchanger 4, a high pressure expansion device 8, which are configured for expanding the circulating refrigerant from high pressure to intermediate pressure, a receiver for receiving, collecting and storing the intermediate pressure refrigerant, two low pressure expansion devices 24a, 24b, which are configured for expanding the circulating refrigerant from intermediate pressure to low pressure and two evaporators 26a, 26b which are configured for evaporating the low-pressure refrigerant.
The heat rejecting heat exchanger 4 includes two fans 6 which are configured for blowing air by the refrigerant flowing through the heat rejecting heat exchanger 4 in order to improve the heat exchange between the refrigerant flowing though the heat rejecting heat exchanger 4 and the environment.
Each of the evaporators 26a, 26b includes a fan 28a, 28b, which is configured for blowing air by the refrigerant flowing through the evaporators 26a, 26b in order to improve the evaporation of the refrigerant. The refrigeration circuit 2 further includes a set 30 of compressors 30a, 30b, 30c, which are arranged in parallel to each other in order to receive gaseous refrigerant leaving the evaporators 26a, 26b and for compressing the gaseous refrigerant and delivering the refrigerant to the heat rejecting heat exchanger 4, completing the refrigeration cycle.
In the exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 1 two serial arrangements of a low pressure expansion device 24a, 24b and an evaporator 26a, 26b are connected in parallel to each other. However, it is evident for the skilled person that any number of such combinations may be connected in parallel.
A pressure release line 12 including a pressure relief valve 14 is fluidly connected to the receiver 10. The pressure relief valve 14 is configured to open when the pressure within the receiver 10 exceeds a predetermined value in order to release a portion of the refrigerant from the receiver 10 and to reduce the pressure within the receiver in order to avoid damage of the components of the re- frigeration circuit 2 caused by high refrigerant pressure within the refrigeration circuit 2.
A flash gas tap line 16 comprising a flash gas expansion device 18 fluidly con- nects the receiver 10 with the inlets of the compressors 30a, 30b, 30c in order to allow to tap flash gas generated within the receiver 10 from the receiver 10 and to convey the flash gas to the compressors 30a, 30b, 30c bypassing the low pressure expansion devices 24a, 24b and the evaporators 26a, 26b. Tapping flash gas from the receiver 10 allows to improve the efficiency of the refri- geration circuit 2.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 1 the flash gas tap line 16 extends through a coldness storage device 15 which is arranged downstream of the flash gas expansion device 18. Thus, after flash gas has been tapped from the receiver and expanded by the flash gas expansion device 18, the expanded flash gas flows through the coldness storage device 15 thereby cooling a coldness storage medium 13 arranged within the coldness storage device 15.
The refrigeration circuit 2 further includes a receiver cooling line 20 extending from the receiver through the coldness storage device 15 and back to the receiver 10. An on/off-valve 22 is arranged within the receiver cooling line 20 downstream of the coldness storage device 15. When the refrigeration circuit 2 is not operating, i.e. when the compressors 30a, 30b, 30c are stopped, the expansion devices 8, 24a, 24b, 18 are usually closed.
In order to avoid an increase of temperature and pressure of the refrigerant stored within the receiver 10 due to the impact of ambient heat, the on/off-valve 22 is opened allowing gaseous refrigerant from the receiver 10 to flow via the receiver cooling line 20 through the coldness storage device 15 by the coldness storage medium 13 and the opened on/off-valve back 22 to the receiver 10.
Before flowing back into the receiver 10 the refrigerant flowing through the receiver cooling line 20 is cooled by the coldness storage medium 13 arranged within the coldness storage device 15. The gaseous refrigerant may be cooled even so much that it is condensed and liquid refrigerant is flowing back from the receiver cooling line 20 into the receiver 10.
The cooled refrigerant flowing back into the receiver 10 reduces the temperat- ure of the refrigerant stored within the receiver 10 and avoids an undesirable increase of pressure within the receiver 10 and the refrigeration circuit 2. Thus, there is no need for the pressure relief valve 14 to open in order to decrease the pressure within the receiver 10 by releasing refrigerant from the refrigeration circuit 2.
The coldness storage medium 13 included within the coldness storage device 15 may be a phase change material storing and releasing heat and/or coldness, respectively, by undergoing a phase transition process. A phase transition process provides a very efficient means for storing and releasing heat and/or cold- ness, respectively. The coldness storage medium 13 may include freezing and melting water. The melting point of the water may be adjusted by adding suitable additives.
The refrigeration circuit 2 according to the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1 al- lows to efficiently avoid an increase of pressure of the refrigerant stored in the receiver 10 due to increasing the temperature by using flash gas, which is tapped from the receiver 10 during normal operation of the refrigeration circuit 2 and storing the coldness generated by expanding the flash gas in a suitable coldness storage device 15. The coldness storage device 15 includes a cold- ness storage medium 13 which undergoes a phase transition for storing and releasing coldness.
In a refrigeration circuit 2 according to the first embodiment no auxiliary cooler is necessary in order to cool the refrigerant stored within the receiver 10. The pressure relief valve 14 needs to open only in cases of emergency but not under normal operating conditions when the refrigeration circuit 2 is switched off and the release of valuable and potentially dangerous refrigerant to the environment is avoided. Since flash gas tapped from the receiver 10 is used for producing the coldness needed for cooling the receiver 10, no additional energy is needed in order to generate the coldness stored within the coldness storage device 15. Thus, an refrigeration circuit according to the first embodiment may be operated with high efficiency.
Fig. 2 shows aschematic view of a refrigeration circuit 32 according to a second embodiment. The components of the refrigeration circuit 32 which correspond to the components of the refrigeration circuit 2 according to the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1 are labelled with the same reference signs and will not be discussed in detail again. In the refrigeration circuit 32 according to the second embodiment the coldness storage medium 13 arranged in the coldness storage device 15 is not cooled by flash gas tapped from the receiver 10. Instead, there is provided a further refrigerant line 36 extending from the bottom of the receiver 10 through the coldness storage device 15 to the inlets of the compressors 30a, 30b, 30c. Up- stream of the coldness storage device 15, i. e. between the receiver 10 and the coldness storage device 15, a coldness storage expansion device 34 is arranged within the refrigerant line 36, which is configured for expanding the refrigerant flowing from the receiver 10 to the coldness storage device 15. In a refrigeration circuit 32 according to the second embodiment shown in Figure 2 during normal operation a portion of the refrigerant stored within the receiver 10 is flowing through the refrigerant line 36, expanded by the coldness storage expansion device 34 and cooling the coldness storage medium 13 arranged in the coldness storage device 15.
When the refrigeration circuit 32 is not operating and the compressors 30a, 30b, 30c are stopped, in order to cool the refrigerant stored within the receiver 10, flash gas is tapped from the top of the receiver 10 by a flash gas tapping line 20 and flown by the coldness storage medium 13 within the coldness stor- age device 15 and back into the receiver as described above with respect to the refrigeration circuit 2 according to the first embodiment.
The refrigeration circuit 32 according to the second embodiment allows efficient cooling of the coldness storage medium 13 within the coldness storage device 15 independently of any flash gas generated within the receiver 10.
In a further embodiment, which is not shown in the figures, a flash gas line 16 comprising a flash gas expansion device 18 as shown in Figure 1 may be additionally added to the refrigeration circuit 32 according to the second embodiment shown in Figure 2 in order to allow cooling of the coldness storage medium 13 stored within the coldness storage device 15 selectively by flash gas tapped from the top of the receiver 10 and/or by liquid refrigerant taken from the bottom of the receiver according to the second embodiment shown in Figure 2.
This allows a very efficient and energy-saving cooling of the coldness storage medium 13.
A refrigeration circuit 42 according to a third embodiment of the is shown in Fig. 3. The components which are equivalent to the components of the refrigeration circuits 2, 32 according to the first and second embodiment shown in Figs. 1 and 2 are labelled with the same reference signs and will not be described in detail again.
The refrigeration circuit 42 according to the third embodiment includes a coldness storage device 15 comprising a coldness storage medium 13 which may be cooled by refrigerant flowing through the coldness storage device 15 via the refrigerant line 36 and an coldness storage expansion device 34 which is arranged in said refrigerant line 36 upstream of said coldness storage device 15.
A first switchable valve 48 is arranged in the refrigeration circuit 42 in the refrigerant line 9 between the heat rejecting heat exchanger 4 and the high pressure expansion device 8. A pre-cooling line 45 branches off the refrigerant line 9 downstream of the heat rejecting heat exchanger 4 and upstream of the first switchable valve 48 extending through the coldness storage device 15 by the coldness storage medium 13 and rejoining the refrigeration line 9 at a position between the first switchable valve 48 and the high pressure expansion device 8, thereby bypassing the first switchable valve 48. The pre-cooling line 45 comprises second and third switchable valves 44, 50 arranged upstream and downstream of the coldness storage device 15, respectively. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 the second and third switchable valves 44, 50 are arranged near the first switchable valve 48 and the refrigeration line 9.
During low or medium load operation of the refrigeration circuit 42 the first switchable valve 48 is open and the second and third switchable valves 44, 50 are closed. Refrigerant leaving the heat rejecting heat exchanger 6 is flowing via the refrigerant line 9 and the open first switchable valve 48 to the high pressure expansion device 8 as described before with reference to the first and second embodiments.
A portion of the fluid refrigerant from the bottom of the receiver 10 is flowing via the expansion device 34 and the refrigerant line 36 through the coldness storage device 15 in order to cool the coldness storage medium 13 arranged in the coldness storage device 15 (Mode 1).
At high loads, i.e. due to high ambient temperatures, the first switchable valve 48 and the coldness storage expansion device 34 are closed and the second and third switchable valves 44, 50 are opened. Refrigerant leaving the heat rejecting heat exchanger 6 flows via the opened second switchable valve 44 and the subcooling line 45 through the coldness storage device 15 by the coldness storage medium 13 arranged in the coldness storage device 15 and via the third switchable valve 50 to the high pressure expansion device 8.
Since the coldness storage medium 13 arranged within the coldness storage device 15 has been cooled before, as described above, it now receives heat from the refrigerant flowing by through the subcooling line 45, thereby cooling the refrigerant before it reaches the high pressure expansion device 8, This subcooling of the refrigerant before it is expanded by the high pressure expansion device 8 increases the efficiency of the refrigeration circuit 42 in particular if it is running at high load, i.e. due to high ambient temperatures.
In particular, superfluous cooling capacity during low load operation of the refrigeration circuit (i. e. during night time and/or low ambient temperatures) may be used for cooling the coldness storage medium 13 arranged in the coldness storage device 15. As a result, the excessive coldness produced during low load periods is saved to be used later in high load periods. This increases the efficiency of the refrigeration circuit 42 considerably and reduces the costs for running the refrigeration circuit 42 in particular during high load periods.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic view of a refrigeration circuit 52 according to a fourth embodiment. The refrigeration circuit 52 according to the fourth embodiment is similar to the refrigeration circuit according to the third embodiment shown in Fig. 3 and corresponding components of the refrigeration circuit 42 are labelled with the same reference signs and will not be described in detail again.
In the refrigeration circuit 52 according to the fourth embodiment, however, the coldness storage medium 13 arranged in the coldness storage device 15 is not cooled by expanding liquid refrigerant extracted from the bottom of the receiver 10, but by flash gas which is tapped from the top of the receiver as described with respect to the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1.
The refrigeration circuit 52 according to the fourth embodiment includes a flash gas tap line 16 extending from the top of the receiver 10 through the coldness storage device 15 to the inlets of the compressors 30a, 30b, 30c. A flash gas expansion device 18 is arranged in the flash gas tap line 16 between the receiver 10 and the coldness storage device 15.
During low or medium load operation of the refrigeration circuit 52, when the first switchable valve 48 is open and the second and third switchable valves 44, 50 are closed, as described above with respect to the third embodiment, flash gas is tapped from the receiver 10 via a flash gas tap line 16 and expanded by the flash gas expansion device 18. The expanded flash gas is flown through the coldness storage device 15 in order to cool the coldness storage medium 13 arranged in the coldness storage device 15.
During high load operation the refrigeration circuit 52 according to the fourth embodiment the refrigeration circuit 52 is operated like the refrigeration circuit 42 according to the third embodiment shown in Fig. 3 described before, i. e. the first switchable valve 48 is closed and the second and third switchable valves 44, 50 are opened in order to flow the refrigerant leaving the heat rejecting heat exchanger 4 through the coldness storage device 15, where it is subcooled by transferring heat to the coldness storage medium 13 arranged in the coldness storage device 15, before the refrigerant is expanded by the high pressure expansion device 8.
It is evident to the skilled person that the third and fourth embodiments 42, 52 may be combined with each other in an embodiment, where in addition to the refrigerant line 36 comprising the refrigerant expansion device 34 a flash gas tap line 16 comprising a flash gas expansion device 18 extends through the coldness storage device 15 in order to cool the refrigerant medium 13 arranged in the refrigerant storage device 15 selectively by flash gas flowing through the flash gas tapping line 16 and/or the expanded refrigerant flowing the refrigerant line 36.
Such a combination of the embodiments shown in Figs. 3 and 4 allows a very efficient operation of the refrigeration circuit under all possible ambient conditions.
Although not shown in the figures it is also evident to the skilled person that the embodiments shown in Figs. 3 and 4 may be combined with the embodiments shown in Figs. 1 and 2, respectively, in order to aggregate the advantages of subcooling the refrigerant under high load conditions with the advantages of cooling the refrigerant comprised within the receiver 10 when the refrigeration circuit 2, 32, 42, 52 is not working and the compressors 30a, 30b, 30c are stopped. While the invention has been described before with respect to a two-stage expansion, which is in particular efficient when a refrigerant including C02 is used, the skilled person will easily understand that the invention is also applicable to a one-stage expansion refrigeration circuit, which does not include a high-pressure expansion device 8.
By the exemplary embodiments of the invention, as described herein, pressure increase during stand still can reliably be avoided, and peak load shaving can be allowed by increasing load during high coefficient of performance operations while increasing the coefficient of performance during low load durations.
The coldness storage device may include a phase change material, which changes its phase when storing or delivering coldness. A phase change material is very efficient in storing and releasing heat and coldness, respectively.
The refrigerating may include a flash gas line extending from the receiver through the coldness storage device to the compressor and configured for tapping flash gas from the receiver.
The flash gas line may include a flash gas expansion device, which is located upstream of the coldness storage device and configured for expanding the flash gas. Expanded flash gas allows to cool the coldness medium within the coldness storage device very efficiently.
The refrigerating system may further include a cooling-storage-device-refrigerant line extending from the receiver through the coldness storage device to the compressor and configured to deliver liquid refrigerant from the receiver to the coldness storage device. This allows to efficiently cool the coldness storage medium arranged within the coldness storage device.
A coldness storage expansion device may be arranged in the storage-device- refrigerant line upstream of the coldness storage device. Expanding the refrigerant from the receiver improves the efficiency of cooling the coldness storage medium arranged within the coldness storage device. 0
12
The storage-device-refrigerant line may be formed as a heat-exchanger within the coldness storage device in order to improve the heat exchange between the refrigerant flowing through the storage-device-refrigerant line and the coldness storage medium arranged within the coldness storage device.
The may by atwo-stage expansion refrigerating system comprising a high pressure expansion device arranged between the heat rejecting heat exchanger and the receiver. Two-stage expansion increases the efficiency of the refrigeration circuit.
The refrigerant may include C02. C02 provides a very efficient refrigerant.
While the invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalence may be substituted for an essential scope thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

Claims
1. A refrigerating system configured for circulating a refrigerant and comprising in flow direction of the refrigerant:
a heat rejecting heat exchanger, a receiver, an expansion device, an evaporator and a compressor,
further comprising a coldness storage device which is configured
a) to receive and store coldness during the operation of the refrigerating system, and
b) to cool refrigerant stored within the receiver.
2. A refrigerating system configured for circulating a refrigerant and comprising in flow direction of the refrigerant:
a heat rejecting heat exchanger, a receiver, an expansion device, an evaporator and a compressor,
further comprising a coldness storage device which is configured to
a) to receive and store coldness during the operation of the refrigerating system, and
b) to cool refrigerant leaving the heat rejecting heat exchanger before entering the receiver.
3. The refrigerating system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the coldness storage device includes a phase change material, which changes its phase when storing or delivering coldness.
4. The refrigerating system of any of the preceding claims, comprising a coldness-storage-device-refrigerant-line extending from the receiver through the coldness storage device to the compressor and configured to deliver liquid refrigerant from the receiver to the coldness storage device.
5. The refrigerating system of claim 4, the coldness-storage-device-refrigerant-line includes a further expansion device upstream of the coldness storage device.
6. The refrigerating system of claim 4 or 5, wherein the coldness-storage- device-refrigerant-line includes a heat-exchanger arranged within the coldness storage device.
7. The refrigerating system of claim 6, wherein the coldness-storage-device- refrigerant-line is formed as a heat-exchanger within the coldness storage device.
8. The refrigerating system of any of the preceding claims, wherein the refrigerating system is a two-stage expansion refrigerating system comprising a high pressure expansion device arranged between the heat rejecting heat exchanger and the receiver.
9. The refrigerating system of any of the preceding claims, wherein the refrigerant includes C02.
10. The refrigerating system of any of the preceding claims, comprising a flash gas line extending from the receiver through the coldness storage device to the compressor and configured for tapping flash gas from the receiver.
11. The refrigerating system of claim 10, wherein the flash gas line includes a flash gas expansion device, which is located upstream of the coldness storage device and configured for expanding the flash gas.
12. A method of operating a refrigerating system comprising in flow direction of a refrigerant a heat rejecting heat exchanger, a receiver, an expansion device, an evaporator and a compressor,
the method comprising the step of cooling refrigerant stored in the receiver by tapping flash gas from the receiver, flowing the flash gas through a coolness storage device and returning the cooled flash gas to the receiver.
13. A method of operating a refrigerating system comprising in flow direction of a refrigerant a heat rejecting heat exchanger, a receiver, an expansion device, an evaporator and a compressor, the method comprising the step of cooling refrigerant leaving the heat rejecting heat exchanger before entering the receiver by flowing the heat rejecting heat exchanger through a coldness storage device.
14. The method of claim 12 or 13, wherein the coldness storage device includes a coldness storage medium, which changes its phase when storing or delivering coldness.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the coldness storage medium is cooled by expanded flash gas tapped from the receiver during normal operation of the cooling system.
16. The method of claim 14 or 15, wherein the coldness storage medium is cooled by liquid refrigerant taken from the receiver.
17. The method of any of claims 12 to 16, wherein the refrigerant is expanded before entering the coldness storage device.
18. The method of any of claims 12 to 17 comprising the step of partially expanding the refrigerant from high pressure to medium pressure before entering the receiver.
19. The method of any of claims 12 to 18, wherein the refrigerant comprises C02.
EP10794942.2A 2010-12-08 2010-12-08 Refrigeration circuit Not-in-force EP2649387B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2010/069200 WO2012076049A1 (en) 2010-12-08 2010-12-08 Refrigeration circuit

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2649387A1 true EP2649387A1 (en) 2013-10-16
EP2649387B1 EP2649387B1 (en) 2018-08-15

Family

ID=44317617

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10794942.2A Not-in-force EP2649387B1 (en) 2010-12-08 2010-12-08 Refrigeration circuit

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2649387B1 (en)
CN (1) CN103299141B (en)
DK (1) DK2649387T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2012076049A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104487626A (en) * 2012-06-27 2015-04-01 罗伯特·李 Dry cleaning machines with multi-solvent refrigeration systems
CN103353183A (en) * 2013-06-21 2013-10-16 镇江市博林光电科技有限公司 Device for preparing low-temperature dry gas
EP3023712A1 (en) 2014-11-19 2016-05-25 Danfoss A/S A method for controlling a vapour compression system with a receiver
EP3628942B1 (en) 2018-09-25 2021-01-27 Danfoss A/S A method for controlling a vapour compression system at a reduced suction pressure
EP3628940B1 (en) 2018-09-25 2022-04-20 Danfoss A/S A method for controlling a vapour compression system based on estimated flow
JP2022076215A (en) * 2020-11-09 2022-05-19 日本電気株式会社 Cooling device and cooling method

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD108366A1 (en) * 1973-12-17 1974-09-12
US4809515A (en) * 1988-04-04 1989-03-07 Houwink John B Open cycle cooled refrigerant recovery apparatus
JP4402238B2 (en) * 2000-02-14 2010-01-20 三菱電機株式会社 Operation method of regenerative refrigeration cycle
GB0119393D0 (en) * 2001-08-09 2001-10-03 Lowes Albert R Cooling plant
JP4043348B2 (en) * 2002-11-22 2008-02-06 幸信 池本 Carbon dioxide secondary refrigerant ice heat storage refrigeration system
DE602004009466T2 (en) * 2003-10-15 2008-07-24 Ice Energy, Inc., Fort Collins HIGH PERFORMANCE REFRIGERANT AND COOLING SYSTEM BASED ON ENERGY STORAGE
US7685839B2 (en) * 2004-07-09 2010-03-30 Junjie Gu Refrigeration system
EP1856457B1 (en) * 2005-02-18 2017-07-12 Carrier Corporation Refrigeration circuit
WO2008140454A1 (en) * 2007-05-14 2008-11-20 Carrier Corporation Refrigerant vapor compression system with flash tank economizer

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2012076049A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2012076049A1 (en) 2012-06-14
DK2649387T3 (en) 2018-11-12
CN103299141A (en) 2013-09-11
EP2649387B1 (en) 2018-08-15
CN103299141B (en) 2016-03-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8631666B2 (en) Modular CO2 refrigeration system
EP2223021B1 (en) Refrigerating system and method for refrigerating
US11635233B2 (en) Cooling system
EP2649387B1 (en) Refrigeration circuit
EP3550222B1 (en) Cooling system
US11268746B2 (en) Cooling system with partly flooded low side heat exchanger
US12203687B2 (en) Cooling system with flooded low side heat exchangers
US10962266B2 (en) Cooling system
EP3438566B1 (en) Thermal storage of carbon dioxide system for power outage
WO2017060733A1 (en) Water-cooled carbon dioxide refrigeration system
JP5048059B2 (en) Natural gas liquefaction equipment
JP2001227837A (en) Thermal storage refrigeration cycle and operation method of thermal storage refrigeration cycle
US10895411B2 (en) Cooling system
JP5517333B2 (en) Refrigeration apparatus and operation method thereof
KR20140059008A (en) A combined refrigerating and air conditioning system
JP2009192187A (en) Ice thermal storage refrigeration system
AU2013100212A4 (en) A Refrigeration System
WO2012071624A1 (en) A refrigeration system

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20130516

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: KREN, CHRISTOPH

Inventor name: FINCKH, OLIVER

Inventor name: SIENEL, TOBIAS

Inventor name: TAMBOVTSEV, ALEXANDER

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R079

Ref document number: 602010052810

Country of ref document: DE

Free format text: PREVIOUS MAIN CLASS: F25B0049000000

Ipc: F25B0009000000

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: F25B 49/00 20060101ALI20180216BHEP

Ipc: F25B 1/00 20060101ALI20180216BHEP

Ipc: F25B 9/00 20060101AFI20180216BHEP

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20180326

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 1030245

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20180815

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602010052810

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DK

Ref legal event code: T3

Effective date: 20181106

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: NV

Representative=s name: BOHEST AG, CH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: SE

Ref legal event code: TRGR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: FP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 1030245

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20180815

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NO

Ref legal event code: T2

Effective date: 20180815

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180815

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180815

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180815

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181116

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180815

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181115

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20181215

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180815

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180815

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180815

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180815

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180815

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180815

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180815

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180815

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180815

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602010052810

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180815

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180815

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20190516

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181208

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180815

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180815

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20181231

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181208

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181231

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181208

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180815

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180815

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20101208

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180815

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180815

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20211119

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20211119

Year of fee payment: 12

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NO

Payment date: 20221123

Year of fee payment: 13

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20221123

Year of fee payment: 13

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20221116

Year of fee payment: 13

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20221122

Year of fee payment: 13

Ref country code: DK

Payment date: 20221123

Year of fee payment: 13

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20221122

Year of fee payment: 13

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: SE

Ref legal event code: EUG

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20221209

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20221231

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20221231

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 602010052810

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DK

Ref legal event code: EBP

Effective date: 20231231

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20240101

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20231208

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20240101

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20240101

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20240702

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20231208

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20231231

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20231231

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20231208

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20231231

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20240702

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20231231

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20231231