EP2646680A1 - Hydrolienne à flux transverse à faible trainée - Google Patents
Hydrolienne à flux transverse à faible trainéeInfo
- Publication number
- EP2646680A1 EP2646680A1 EP11799786.6A EP11799786A EP2646680A1 EP 2646680 A1 EP2646680 A1 EP 2646680A1 EP 11799786 A EP11799786 A EP 11799786A EP 2646680 A1 EP2646680 A1 EP 2646680A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- arm
- blade
- leading edge
- profile
- junction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- UJCHIZDEQZMODR-BYPYZUCNSA-N (2r)-2-acetamido-3-sulfanylpropanamide Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(N)=O UJCHIZDEQZMODR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001669680 Dormitator maculatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004870 electrical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
- F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
- F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
- F03B13/264—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy using the horizontal flow of water resulting from tide movement
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
- F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
- F03B17/062—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction
- F03B17/063—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction the flow engaging parts having no movement relative to the rotor during its rotation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/06—Rotors
- F03D3/061—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape, e.g. aerofoil profiles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/06—Rotors
- F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
- F03D3/064—Fixing wind engaging parts to rest of rotor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/20—Rotors
- F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
- F05B2240/301—Cross-section characteristics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2250/00—Geometry
- F05B2250/70—Shape
- F05B2250/71—Shape curved
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hydraulic turbomachine, or tidal turbine, with transverse flow.
- the described TFTMPs comprise blades in the form of free-flying V-shaped wings with an arrow that can vary between 0 ° and 45 ° and whose section perpendicular to the axis of rotation has the shape of any wing profile (biconvex symmetrical or asymmetrical, hollow, or double curvature).
- Each blade is connected at its central portion to the drive shaft by a single rigid arm itself profiled.
- FIG. 1A is a perspective view of an example of a turbine of the type described in the aforementioned patent applications.
- This turbine comprises blades la, lb, the form of free-flying V-shaped wings whose boom can vary between 0 ° and 45 ° and whose section perpendicular to the axis of rotation has the shape of a profile any wing (biconvex symmetrical or asymmetrical, hollow, or double curvature).
- These blades are connected at their central portion to a hub 3 secured to a drive shaft not shown by rigid arms 5a, 5b, 5c.
- Each arm is contoured so as to reduce the drag forces exerted thereon.
- the height of each blade is equal to H, the diameter of the circle of revolution of the blades being equal to this value H.
- FIG. 1B is an enlarged perspective view of the arm-blade connection in which:
- FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C are perspective views of three examples of turbomachines using turbines of the type of those of FIGS. 1A-1B.
- FIG. 2A represents a single column tower consisting of a stack of turbine stages 6 and an electrical stage 7.
- FIG. 2B represents a single column tower consisting of a stack of turbine stages 6 and an electric stage 7, with fairing.
- Figure 2C shows a tower with twin columns consisting of a stack of turbine stages and an electric stage, with fairing.
- TFTMPs are also known.
- the various types of TFTMP are distinguished mainly by the shape of the blades, their number per turbine and the nature and number of links connecting each blade to the axis of rotation. In most cases, the blades are connected to the axis by two or even three arms.
- the lift forces that develop on each blade are at the origin of a motor torque that is transmitted to the shaft via the arm or arms.
- drag forces brake the blades.
- the increase in the performance of TFTMP turbines passes on the one hand by a search for the increase of the lift forces on the blades, by changing the nature of the profiles and the optimization, or even the servocontrol, of for example, their stall angle and the reduction of drag forces on the blades and the shaft connection elements.
- the reduction of the latter in addition to the drag forces on elements that do not participate in the engine torque (shaft, hub, hardware) allows to relieve the foundation system of the turbomachine as a whole.
- the drag forces on a TFTMP blade can be broken down into several categories, including the so-called interference drag, which manifests itself at the arm / blade junction.
- an object of the present invention embodiments is to solve at least some of the problems RESUL ⁇ as earlier structures turbomachinery transverse flux turbines column.
- Another object of embodiments of the present invention is to provide a turbomachine with improved efficiency.
- the present invention provides various improvements of the arm / blade junctions of a transverse flow turbine driven by lift forces (TFTMP).
- an embodiment of the present invention provides a transverse flow hydraulic turbine driven by lift forces exerted on the blades, comprising a drive shaft and drive blades distributed around the drive shaft, each driving blade being connected to the drive shaft by at least one arm, wherein the leading edge of each arm has a symmetrical hydrodynamic profile whose maximum thickness is located towards the rear of the profile, at a distance by ratio to the leading edge varying between 40% and 80% of the length of the rope of this profile; the trailing edge of the arm on the inner face of the associated blade is at the trailing edge of the blade or is retracted relative thereto; and a connection fillet is provided at each arm / blade junction over the entire periphery of the foot of the arm, the radius of this fillet being between ⁇ to 10 ⁇ , ⁇ being the thickness of the incident boundary layer.
- the birth of the leading edge of the arm on the inner face of the associated blade is moved back, with respect to the leading edge of said blade, by a distance equal to 30 to 50 % of the length of the blade rope at the blade / arm junction.
- the birth of the leading edge of the arm on the inner face of the associated blade is provided with an extension of the leading edge of the arm in the upstream zone joining the blade; this extension, of substantially triangular shape, starting from the leading edge of the blade root to gradually reach the leading edge of the arm, the length of the extension on the leading edge of the arm being of the order of half of the recoil distance.
- each arm whose rope is substantially constant, has a curved shape such that the line of the leading edge is concave and the line of the convex trailing edge.
- the angle formed by the rope of the blade at the blade / arm junction and the leading edge of the arm is between 30 ° and 80 °.
- the trailing edge of the arm is moved back so that the maximum thickness of the arm substantially coincides with the trailing edge of the blade.
- the outer faces of the blades are dug at the blade / arm junction so as to define a recess.
- the lines of the leading edge of each blade half located on either side of the arm converge progressively tangentially towards the line of the leading edge of the arm, the profiles of these two halves merging with the arm profile by adopting one, the half-high profile and the other, the half-low profile of the arm.
- each blade is connected to the shaft by a single arm and has on either side of this arm a flying wing shape in an arrow, right, or inverted arrow.
- FIG. 1A is a perspective view of an exemplary conventional embodiment of a wing turbine in the form of a flying wing;
- Figure 1B previously described, is an enlarged view of the arm-blade junction of the turbine of Figure 1A;
- FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C are perspective views of three examples of turbomachines
- Fig. 3A is a perspective view of a turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 3B is a sectional view of the hydrodynamic profile of an arm of the turbine of Figure 3A;
- Figure 3C is a top view of the arm-blade junction of the turbine of Figure 3A;
- FIGS. 4A and 4B are perspective views respectively of a turbine according to the invention and of the arm-blade junction of this turbine;
- Figure 4C is a top view of the arm-blade junction of the turbine of Figures 4A and 4B;
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are respectively perspective views of a turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention and of the arm-blade junction of this turbine;
- FIGS. 6A and 6B are front views of a blade surmounting the arm to which it is connected according to two variant embodiments;
- FIGS. 7A and 7B are perspective views of a turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention and of the arm-blade junction of this turbine;
- Figure 8 is a perspective view of a turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
- FIG. 1A The present description is made in connection with turbines of the type illustrated in FIG. 1A. It applies to the three types of turbomachines illustrated in FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C, and more particularly to fairing turbine engines. It also applies to variants of these turbines, including variants in which the blades have different shapes and variants in which the blades are connected to the axis by several arms.
- the inventors have studied the operation of these turbines and have discovered that, contrary to an established prejudice, it is possible to significantly improve, that is to say from 10 to 20%, their efficiency, essentially by optimizing the armature junctions. blade.
- Fig. 3A is a perspective view of a turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 3B is a sectional view of the hydrodynamic profile of the arm.
- Figure 3C is a top view of the arm-blade junction.
- This turbine comprises vanes 11a, 11b, 11c in the form of free-flying V-shaped wings with an arrow that can vary between 0 ° and 45 ° and whose section perpendicular to the axis of rotation has the shape of a profile.
- any wing biconvex symmetrical or asymmetrical, hollow, or double curvature.
- each arm 15 has a profile whose maximum thickness is rejected towards the rear of the profile. More particularly, if the chord of this profile is designated, the region of maximum thickness, e, of the arm is at a distance b from the leading edge 16 of the arm of between 40% and 80% of the value of the rope of this arm.
- This profile called NACA (series 6), aims to retreat as much as possible downstream the transition point towards the turbulence that appears when the favorable pressure gradient is completed. (such as the pressure decreases downstream).
- a profile called Natural-Laminar-Flow could also be and advantageously chosen. It will be observed that the trailing edge 18 of the arm 15 on the inner face of the associated blade is close to the trailing edge of the blade so that the inevitable destabilization of the boundary layer on the arm interferes as little as possible with the same phenomenon. occurring anyway facing the blade.
- a fillet 17 is provided at the connection between the foot of each arm and the blade that this arm joins over the entire periphery of this foot so as to limit the interactions between boundary layers developing facing the blade and the arm, especially when at least one of the two is subjected to an adverse pressure gradient (such as the pressure increases downstream).
- the radius of the fillet is ⁇ at 10 ⁇ , ⁇ being the thickness of the boundary layer inci ⁇ dente. Note that this value ⁇ is perfectly determinable by those skilled in the art knowing the maximum flow of fluid in which the turbine must be immersed. This value corresponds to the thickness, which would be the largest of the boundary layer undisturbed by the turbine. The boundary layer, supposedly turbulent, continues to grow, from the front face of the turbine which corresponds approximately to the leading edge of the blade. This maximum value is therefore on the rear face of the turbine. It is expressed as follows:
- Re DU / v
- U the speed of the incident current
- v the kinematic viscosity of the fluid
- FIGS. 4A and 4B are perspective views respectively of a turbine variant according to an embodiment of the invention and of the arm-blade junction of this turbine, and FIG. 4C is a top view of the arm junction. -pale of the turbine of Figures 4A and 4B.
- curved arms starting radially from the hub and then bending towards the front (in the direction of rotation of the turbine). As best shown in FIG. 4C, the arm connects at an angle ⁇ between 30 ° and 80 ° with the general plane of the blade.
- the arm / blade junction is modified with respect to the embodiment of FIGS. 3A and 3C. More particularly, as best seen in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the leading edge 26 of each arm 25 is set back from the leading edge 27 of each blade 21. If the connection between the leading edge of the arm and the blade is too steep, the portion of the boundary layer on the blade upstream of the arm tends to take off and to initiate, during the impact on the arm, a recirculation zone with one or more transverse vortices called stop. Note that this second characteristic (withdrawal of the leading edge of each arm 25 relative to the leading edge 27 of the corresponding blade and prediction of an extension 28) applies as well in the case of straight arms as in the case of curved arms.
- This arm is further modified with respect to the previous embodiments in that the trailing edge of the arm curves upstream so that the chord of the arm is reduced to a value prescribed by the structural calculations.
- Such an embodiment is particularly suitable for TFTMPs conventional blades with two or three arms that can thus have smaller sections.
- Figures 5A and 5B show a turbine and a detail of the arm-blade connection.
- the features are generally similar to those illustrated in FIGS. 4A, 4B but, in addition, the trailing edge 40 of each arm 25 is moved back relative to the trailing edge 41 of each blade 21 so that the maximum thickness of the arm substantially coincides with the trailing edge of the blade.
- a favorable pressure gradient develops on the part of the arm facing the blade.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B show front views of a blade 31 surmounting an arm 35 connected to a hub 3.
- the corresponding perspective views are those of FIGS. 3A, 4A or 5A.
- Figure 6A shows a straight blade, having an arrow of 0 ° and Figure 6B a V-blade with an arrow of the order of 30 °.
- the outer face 60 in Figure 6A and 61 in Figure 6B of the blade to the right of the arm has a recess.
- Significant filleting times up to 1/5 of the height H / 2 of the half-blade are provided in this embodiment
- An unfavorable consequence of the existence of these important connection fades is to make the connection massive. This increases the master torque with respect to the incident flow and thus the drag.
- the prediction of the recess 60, 61 makes it possible to avoid this disadvantage and to limit this increase in the master torque.
- FIGS. 7A and 7B are perspective views of a blade and the arm / blade connection of a turbine having certain characteristics of the turbine shown in FIG. 4A, namely curved arms, the leading edge 26 of each arm 25 being set back from the leading edge 27 of each blade 21.
- the arm-blade connection is however different.
- the lines of the leading edge of each blade half located on either side of the arm and the line of the leading edge of the arm are not related (do not meet).
- the lines of the trailing edge of each blade half located on either side of the arm and the line of the leading edge of the arm are related but have a break at the junction.
- each blade half located on either side of the arm merges with the arm profile by gradually adopting one, the half-high profile and the other, the lower half-profile of the arm.
- the lines of the leading edge and trailing edge of each blade half located on either side of the arm converge progressively tangentially towards the line of the leading edge and trailing edge of the arm, respectively.
- the rope of the profile of each half-blade decreases and its thickness increases as one approaches the junction arm-arm. This results in the presence of a notch 63 opposite the arm-blade connection.
- Figure 8 is a perspective view of a turbine having all the features of the various embodiments of the present invention. Each blade also adopts on both sides of the arm a flying wing shape inverted V, that is to say whose arrow can vary between -45 ° and 0 °.
- the curved arms have some of the inverted features of the arm of Figure 4A.
- turbomachines operating in liquid streams
- present invention can be adapted to turbomachines operating in gas streams (wind turbines).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Oceanography (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1059859A FR2968044B1 (fr) | 2010-11-29 | 2010-11-29 | Hydrolienne a flux transverse a faible trainee |
| PCT/FR2011/052781 WO2012072927A1 (fr) | 2010-11-29 | 2011-11-28 | Hydrolienne a flux transverse a faible trainee |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2646680A1 true EP2646680A1 (fr) | 2013-10-09 |
Family
ID=44202524
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP11799786.6A Withdrawn EP2646680A1 (fr) | 2010-11-29 | 2011-11-28 | Hydrolienne à flux transverse à faible trainée |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2646680A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2968044B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2012072927A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3425313A1 (de) * | 1984-07-10 | 1986-01-23 | Erich Herter | Windturbine |
| FR2865777B1 (fr) * | 2004-02-04 | 2006-05-05 | Inst Nat Polytech Grenoble | Turbomachine hydraulique |
| CA2598877A1 (fr) | 2007-04-18 | 2008-10-18 | Windterra Systems Inc. | Pale d'eolienne cambree et technique de fabrication |
| ITBZ20070021A1 (it) * | 2007-05-17 | 2008-11-18 | Ropatec Srl | Braccio di supporto per ali di turbine eoliche ad asse di rotazione verticale |
| JP4565008B2 (ja) * | 2008-01-16 | 2010-10-20 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 水力機械の吸出し管 |
| NL1035727C2 (nl) * | 2008-07-21 | 2010-01-22 | Ecofys Invest B V | Inrichting voor het benutten van golfenergie en werkwijze daarvoor. |
-
2010
- 2010-11-29 FR FR1059859A patent/FR2968044B1/fr active Active
-
2011
- 2011-11-28 WO PCT/FR2011/052781 patent/WO2012072927A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2011-11-28 EP EP11799786.6A patent/EP2646680A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2012072927A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2968044B1 (fr) | 2012-12-28 |
| WO2012072927A1 (fr) | 2012-06-07 |
| FR2968044A1 (fr) | 2012-06-01 |
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