EP2635391A1 - Method of manufacturing a cylinder head and cylinder head - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing a cylinder head and cylinder head

Info

Publication number
EP2635391A1
EP2635391A1 EP11785036.2A EP11785036A EP2635391A1 EP 2635391 A1 EP2635391 A1 EP 2635391A1 EP 11785036 A EP11785036 A EP 11785036A EP 2635391 A1 EP2635391 A1 EP 2635391A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinder head
mould
base material
molten
fire plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11785036.2A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2635391B1 (en
Inventor
Jarkko Ilari Laine
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wartsila Finland Oy
Original Assignee
Wartsila Finland Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wartsila Finland Oy filed Critical Wartsila Finland Oy
Publication of EP2635391A1 publication Critical patent/EP2635391A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2635391B1 publication Critical patent/EP2635391B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/0009—Cylinders, pistons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/02—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making reinforced articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/08—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for building-up linings or coverings, e.g. of anti-frictional metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a cylinder head of reciprocating engine.
  • the invention also relates to a cylinder head of a reciprocating engine.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the stiffness of the cylinder head.
  • the object is achieved as is disclosed in the independent claims.
  • a member made of ceramic foam is inserted into a cylinder head mould, molten cylinder head base material is poured into the mould, the mould and pores of the member are filled with the molten cylinder head base material, and the molten cylinder head base material is solidified in the mould and in the pores of the member.
  • a member made of ceramic foam is arranged in the cylinder head. Pores of the member are filled with cylinder head base material.
  • Significant benefits can be achieved by means of the invention.
  • the cylinder head base material solidifies in the pores of the member, an iron-ceramic composite structure is formed in the member, which increases the stiffness of the cylinder head. This, in turn, reduces the bending of the cylinder head and problems resulting from it. Further, the cylinder head according to the invention can be manufactured easily and cost-effectively.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the cylinder head according to the invention, viewed from the side of a fire plate.
  • Fig. 2 shows the cylinder head of fig. 1 as a side view.
  • the drawings show a cylinder head 1 of a large reciprocating engine, which can be used as a main or auxiliary engine of a ship or in power plant for the production of heat and/or electricity.
  • the engine is a medium speed, four-stroke en- gine.
  • the rotational speed of the engine is 300-1200 rpm.
  • the cylinder bore of the engine is typically 20-80 cm.
  • Each cylinder is provided with a separate cylinder head 1 .
  • the cylinder head 1 comprises bores 2 for fastening screws, by means of which the cylinder head 1 can be fastened to the cylinder block of the engine. Additionally, the cylinder head 1 comprises at least one inlet port 3 for combustion air and at least one outlet port 4 for exhaust gas. In the embodiment shown in the drawings the cylinder head 1 is provided with two inlet ports 3 and two outlet ports 4. Each port has a valve seat 5 surrounding the port opening.
  • the cylinder head 1 comprises a fire plate 6.
  • the fire plate 6 is a region on the cylinder head, which delimits the combustion space of the cylinder.
  • Base material of the cylinder head 1 is cast iron, typically ductile cast iron.
  • a member 7 made of ceramic foam is arranged in the cylinder head 1 .
  • the member 7 is made of open cell ceramic foam.
  • the foam material can be any suitable ceramic carbide or oxide compound such as silicon carbide (SiC), alumina, zirconium oxide (ZrO), zirconium carbide (ZrC) or com- binations thereof.
  • the member 7 comprises pores, which are filled with the cylinder head base material.
  • the member 7 is arranged at a fire plate region 6 of the cylinder head.
  • a layer 8 of cylinder head base material is provided between the fire plate 6 surface and the member 7.
  • the thickness of the layer 8 depends on the dimensions, especially the thickness, of the cylinder head. Typically the thickness of the layer 8 is at least 1 cm.
  • the member 7 extends over the entire fire plate region 6 or only part of the fire plate region 6.
  • Open porosity of the member 7 is 0.3 - 0.7.
  • Open porosity refers to the ratio of volume in which fluid flow is effectively taking place (this excludes dead-end pores or non-connected cavities) to the total volume of porous material.
  • the size of the open pores is 1 mm to 10 mm.
  • the cylinder head 1 can be manufactured as follows.
  • the member 7 made of ceramic foam is inserted into the cylinder head mould at a desired location.
  • the member 7 can be supported to the walls of the mould.
  • Mould cores are also inserted into the mould at desired locations.
  • Prefabricated valve seat rings can be placed in the mould.
  • the mould can be preheated before casting.
  • molten cylinder head base material is poured into the cylinder head mould.
  • the mould and open pores of the member 7 are filled with the molten cylinder head material.
  • the cylinder head base material solidifies in the mould and in the pores of the member 7.
  • an iron-ceramic composite structure is formed in the member 7.
  • the mould is removed from around the solidified cylinder head.
  • mould cores are removed from the cylinder head in a conventional manner.
  • the cylinder head is finished by machining.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

Method of manufacturing a cylinder head (1) of a reciprocating engine, in which method a member (7) made of ceramic foam is inserted into a cylinder head mould, molten cylinder head base material is poured into the mould, the mould and pores of the member (7) are filled with molten cylinder head base material, and the molten cylinder head base material is solidified in the mould and in the member (7).

Description

Method of manufacturing a cylinder head and cylinder head
The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a cylinder head of reciprocating engine. The invention also relates to a cylinder head of a reciprocating engine.
The trends to reduce fuel consumption and emissions in reciprocating engines have placed increased demands on the performance of many components. One way to reduce fuel consumption and emissions is to increase the engine com- pression ratio. However, this increase in cylinder pressure typically results in increased bending of the cylinder head and the motion between the mating surfaces of the cylinder head and cylinder block. Consequently, the cylinder pressure may escape from the cylinder combustion space to the engine cooling system where the pressure pulses can cause damage to the coolant pump and other components of the cooling system.
The object of the present invention is to improve the stiffness of the cylinder head. The object is achieved as is disclosed in the independent claims. In the method according to the invention, a member made of ceramic foam is inserted into a cylinder head mould, molten cylinder head base material is poured into the mould, the mould and pores of the member are filled with the molten cylinder head base material, and the molten cylinder head base material is solidified in the mould and in the pores of the member.
According to the invention, a member made of ceramic foam is arranged in the cylinder head. Pores of the member are filled with cylinder head base material. Significant benefits can be achieved by means of the invention. When the cylinder head base material solidifies in the pores of the member, an iron-ceramic composite structure is formed in the member, which increases the stiffness of the cylinder head. This, in turn, reduces the bending of the cylinder head and problems resulting from it. Further, the cylinder head according to the invention can be manufactured easily and cost-effectively.
In the following the invention is described in more detail, by way of an example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the cylinder head according to the invention, viewed from the side of a fire plate. Fig. 2 shows the cylinder head of fig. 1 as a side view.
The drawings show a cylinder head 1 of a large reciprocating engine, which can be used as a main or auxiliary engine of a ship or in power plant for the production of heat and/or electricity. The engine is a medium speed, four-stroke en- gine. The rotational speed of the engine is 300-1200 rpm. The cylinder bore of the engine is typically 20-80 cm.
Each cylinder is provided with a separate cylinder head 1 . The cylinder head 1 comprises bores 2 for fastening screws, by means of which the cylinder head 1 can be fastened to the cylinder block of the engine. Additionally, the cylinder head 1 comprises at least one inlet port 3 for combustion air and at least one outlet port 4 for exhaust gas. In the embodiment shown in the drawings the cylinder head 1 is provided with two inlet ports 3 and two outlet ports 4. Each port has a valve seat 5 surrounding the port opening. The cylinder head 1 comprises a fire plate 6. The fire plate 6 is a region on the cylinder head, which delimits the combustion space of the cylinder. Base material of the cylinder head 1 is cast iron, typically ductile cast iron.
To improve the stiffness, a member 7 made of ceramic foam is arranged in the cylinder head 1 . The member 7 is made of open cell ceramic foam. The foam material can be any suitable ceramic carbide or oxide compound such as silicon carbide (SiC), alumina, zirconium oxide (ZrO), zirconium carbide (ZrC) or com- binations thereof. The member 7 comprises pores, which are filled with the cylinder head base material.
The member 7 is arranged at a fire plate region 6 of the cylinder head. A layer 8 of cylinder head base material is provided between the fire plate 6 surface and the member 7. The thickness of the layer 8 depends on the dimensions, especially the thickness, of the cylinder head. Typically the thickness of the layer 8 is at least 1 cm. The member 7 extends over the entire fire plate region 6 or only part of the fire plate region 6.
Open porosity of the member 7 is 0.3 - 0.7. Open porosity refers to the ratio of volume in which fluid flow is effectively taking place (this excludes dead-end pores or non-connected cavities) to the total volume of porous material. The size of the open pores is 1 mm to 10 mm.
The cylinder head 1 can be manufactured as follows. The member 7 made of ceramic foam is inserted into the cylinder head mould at a desired location. The member 7 can be supported to the walls of the mould. Mould cores are also inserted into the mould at desired locations. Prefabricated valve seat rings can be placed in the mould. When necessary, the mould can be preheated before casting. Thereafter, molten cylinder head base material is poured into the cylinder head mould. The mould and open pores of the member 7 are filled with the molten cylinder head material. The cylinder head base material solidifies in the mould and in the pores of the member 7. As a result, an iron-ceramic composite structure is formed in the member 7. The mould is removed from around the solidified cylinder head. Thereafter, mould cores are removed from the cylinder head in a conventional manner. Finally, the cylinder head is finished by machining.

Claims

1 . Method of manufacturing a cylinder head (1 ) of a reciprocating engine, characterized in that
- a member (7) made of ceramic foam is inserted into a cylinder head mould,
- molten cylinder head base material is poured into the mould,
- the mould and pores of the member (7) are filled with molten cylinder head base material, and
- the molten cylinder head base material is solidified in the mould and in the member (7).
2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the member (7) is made of silicon carbide (SiC), alumina, zirconium oxide (ZrO) and/or zirconium carbide (ZrC).
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the member (7) is inserted in the mould at a fire plate region (6) of the cylinder head.
4. A cylinder head (1 ) of a reciprocating engine, characterized in that that a member (7) made of ceramic foam is arranged in the cylinder head (7), and that pores of the member (7) are filled with cylinder head base material.
5. The cylinder head according to claim 4, characterized in that the member (7) is arranged at a fire plate region (6) of the cylinder head.
6. The cylinder head according to claim 5, characterized in that the member (7) extends over the entire fire plate region (6).
7. The cylinder head (1 ) according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the member (7) is made of silicon carbide (SiC), alumina, zirconium oxide
(ZrO) and/or zirconium carbide (ZrC).
8. The cylinder head (1 ) according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the base material of the cylinder head (1 ) is cast iron, typically ductile cast iron.
9. The cylinder head (1 ) according to any preceding claim, characterized in that a layer (8) of cylinder head base material is provided between the fire plate surface (6) and the member (7).
10. The cylinder head (1 ) according to claim 9, characterized in that the thick- ness of the layer (8) is at least 1 cm.
EP11785036.2A 2010-11-05 2011-11-02 Cylinder head Active EP2635391B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20106164A FI123254B (en) 2010-11-05 2010-11-05 Process for making a cylinder cap and cylinder cap
PCT/FI2011/050964 WO2012059644A1 (en) 2010-11-05 2011-11-02 Method of manufacturing a cylinder head and cylinder head

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2635391A1 true EP2635391A1 (en) 2013-09-11
EP2635391B1 EP2635391B1 (en) 2015-07-08

Family

ID=43268945

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11785036.2A Active EP2635391B1 (en) 2010-11-05 2011-11-02 Cylinder head

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2635391B1 (en)
KR (1) KR101729477B1 (en)
CN (1) CN103237615B (en)
FI (1) FI123254B (en)
WO (1) WO2012059644A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5638779A (en) * 1995-08-16 1997-06-17 Northrop Grumman Corporation High-efficiency, low-pollution engine
CZ294041B6 (en) * 1996-10-01 2004-09-15 Magotteaux International S.A. Abrasion-resistant part of composite material
DE10121928A1 (en) * 2001-05-05 2002-11-14 Univ Friedrich Alexander Er Production of locally reinforced light metal parts comprises placing porous reinforcing element made from sintered ceramic with sponge-like structure on the site to be reinforced in die casting mold, and infiltrating with melt
FR2826598B1 (en) * 2001-07-02 2003-10-24 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MOLDING A METAL PART COMPRISING A POROUS INSERT AND USE THEREOF
DE10135358A1 (en) * 2001-07-20 2003-02-06 Daimler Chrysler Ag Production of metal-ceramic composite component comprises inserting ceramic crude material into mold insert, pressing into pressed mold, inserting into casting tool, infiltrating with liquid casting material, and removing the component
FR2831086B1 (en) * 2001-10-19 2004-02-06 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE BY CASTING OF METAL PARTS COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE PART SHAPED BY CORE AND USE THEREOF
DE10347510B3 (en) * 2003-10-13 2005-04-28 Federal Mogul Burscheid Gmbh Cylinder lining for internal combustion engine blocks comprises a first layer applied on an outer surface of the lining in one end of the lining and a second layer applied on an outer surface of the lining in another end of the lining
JP4329809B2 (en) * 2006-11-17 2009-09-09 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Cylinder block

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2012059644A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI20106164A7 (en) 2012-05-06
KR20130123394A (en) 2013-11-12
CN103237615A (en) 2013-08-07
FI20106164A0 (en) 2010-11-05
CN103237615B (en) 2015-04-22
FI123254B (en) 2013-01-15
EP2635391B1 (en) 2015-07-08
WO2012059644A1 (en) 2012-05-10
KR101729477B1 (en) 2017-04-24

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