EP2558975A1

EP2558975A1 - Method for reading data from a document, reader, document and electronic system

Info

Publication number: EP2558975A1
Application number: EP11711886A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Markus Tietke; Jakob Hille; Joerg Fischer
Original assignee: Bundesdruckerei GmbH
Current assignee: Bundesdruckerei GmbH
Priority date: 2010-04-12
Filing date: 2011-04-01
Publication date: 2013-02-20
Anticipated expiration: 2031-04-01
Also published as: DE102010003853B4; US20140132995A1; EP2558975B1; CN102822844A; CN102822844B; WO2011128216A1; DE102010003853A1; US9154650B2

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for reading data (120) from a document (104) using a reader (102), wherein the reader forms the primary side of a transformer (110), wherein the document has an electronic memory (118) for storing the data, processor means (114) for reading the data from the memory and at least one electrical load (128, 130, 132) which can be actuated by the processor means, wherein the document forms the secondary side of the transformer, and wherein the processor means and the at least one load are coupled to the secondary side for the purpose of supplying power, having the following steps: a primary-side voltage (U) is applied to the primary side for the purpose of injecting power into the secondary side, the at least one load is actuated by the processor means, as a result of which a time-variant secondary-side load is formed which prompts the primary-side voltage to undergo modulation, the modulation of the primary-side voltage is evaluated by the reader in order to execute read access for the purpose of reading the data on the basis of a result of the evaluation.

Description

Method of reading data from a document, reader, document and electronic system

Description

From EP 1 891 607 B1 a method for access from a terminal to an electronic device is known. The electronic device is part of a document and contains an allocation table in which different data objects of the document are assigned a basic access control (BAC) and / or an extended access controi (EAC) protocol, depending on the degree of protection required has a relevant data object. From WO 2007/141338 A2, a development of this method is known.

From DE 10 2009 055 285, unpublished at the time of application, the same applicant is a method for accessing a document from a reading device wherein the document is adapted to execute first and second cryptographic protocols, and wherein one of the cryptographic protocols is selected from the document in dependence on the reader. The invention is the object of the invention to provide an improved method for reading data from a document, a reader, document and an electronic system.

The objects underlying the invention are each achieved with the features of the independent claims. Embodiments of the invention are indicated in the dependent claims.

Embodiments of the invention relate to a method of reading data from a document by means of a reader.

The document may be a paper-based and / or plastic-based document, in particular a valuable or security document, such as a passport, in particular a passport, identity card, visa or driver's license, vehicle registration document, vehicle registration document, company card, health card or another ID document or a chip card, means of payment, in particular a banknote, bank card or credit card, a bill of lading or other credentials act.

The document has a contactless communication interface, such as an RFID or NFC interface. The communication interface is used in addition to the message transmission between the reader and the document also to power the document by inductively coupled energy into the document. For this, the reader forms the primary side and the document the secondary side of a transmitter if the document is within the range of the reader.

According to embodiments of the invention, both the reading device and the document each have a transmitting and receiving coil, which are coupled together, so that on the one hand transformer so formed on the one hand electrical energy inductive can be coupled from the reader into the document and on the other hand, a data communication between the reader and the document via the inductively coupled transmitting and receiving coils can take place. By applying a primary-side voltage to the primary side, for example, the transmitting and receiving coil of the reader, electrical energy in the secondary side, ie the document coupled, so that the processor of the document is powered and activated, so that the execution of Program instructions are started by the processor. The processor then drives the at least one electrical load to realize a time-varying secondary load.

Due to the electromagnetic coupling of the transmitting and receiving coils, this temporally variable secondary-side load has a repercussion on the primary side, in particular on the primary-side voltage, the primary-side current or the primary-side resonance behavior, ie. the complex impedance formed by the primary side undergoing modulation by the time-varying load. This modulation is evaluated by the reading device in order to carry out a read access for reading the data depending on a result of the evaluation.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a security feature of the document is formed by the modulation of the primary-side voltage due to the temporally variable secondary-side load. To test this safety feature, the reader checks whether the modulation of the primary-side voltage due to the temporally variable secondary load fulfills a specified criterion. The predetermined criterion may be a specific modulation pattern and / or specific information received by the reader due to the modulation. Alternatively or additionally, due to the modulation of the primary-side voltage by the reader, a document type of the document can be recognized and / or a cryptographic shot! be derived from a received due to the modulation information required for the read access. According to one embodiment of the invention, the primary-side voltage has a frequency of> 1 MHz, in particular 13.56 MHz. For example, the document and the reader are designed to carry out an RFID or NFC method for the production of a contactless communication channel.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a high-frequency carrier wave is generated in a first time interval by the reading device, but without a message being sent from the reading device via the carrier wave to the document. Thus, the reader supplies the document with energy via inductive coupling via the carrier wave, so that the execution of program instructions by the processor of the document is started and the processor drives the at least one consumer of the document in accordance with a predefined control sequence. As a result, during the first time interval in which the primary-side voltage is applied, a modulation of the primary-side voltage is brought about by the temporal change of the secondary-side load. Only after the evaluation of this modulation, a bidirectional communication connection is established according to an RFID or NFC method between the reader and the document in a second time interval, provided that the evaluation of the modulation meets a certain criterion. In particular, the reader can then send a read command to the document according to the RFID or NFC method via the carrier wave.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the drive sequence is a switching sequence with which various consumers of the document are switched on and off in a specific sequence. The consumers may be, for example, one or more display devices, a biometric sensor, a touch panel and / or a touchpad, a temperature sensor, a motion sensor, a camera.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the load is varied by displaying a sequence of different images on the display device of the document, wherein the different images are configured such that they each lead to a different power consumption of the display device. In particular, this is the case for an emissive display device when displaying images of different brightness values. By successively displaying the various images due to a corresponding control of the display device by the processor of the document so the secondary-side load is varied, resulting in a corresponding modulation of the primary side, in particular the primary-side voltage, the primary-side current or the primary-side resonance behavior, ie the complex impedance formed by the primary side. In a further aspect, the invention relates to a reading device with primary means for transmitting a carrier wave for inductive coupling of energy into the document, by which the secondary side is formed, means for evaluating a modulation of the carrier wave due to a change of the secondary side load, and means for reading of data stored in an electronic memory of the document in response to a result of the evaluation of the modulation.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to a document with an electronic memory for storing data, processor means for reading the data from the memory, at least one controllable by the processor means electrical loads and a contactless communication interface for coupling a carrier wave, wherein the Processor and the at least one consumer are coupled to the power supply to the communication interface, wherein the processor means for controlling the at least one electrical load according to a predetermined drive sequence are formed to vary the load formed by the at least one consumer. This load variation occurs before a read access is released by the document. In a further aspect, the invention relates to an electronic system which includes at least one reading device according to the invention and at least one document according to the invention. The electronic system may also contain various documents according to the invention of different types of documents, in which case the type-specific temporal change of the secondary load because different modulation patterns are generated, which can be used to detect the document type by the reader.

According to embodiments of the invention, the evaluation of the modulation of the voltage is performed by an analysis of the amplitude profile of the primary-side voltage and / or the phase characteristic. This can be done by demodulation, such as with the help of an envelope receiver of the reader. Alternatively or additionally, the evaluation of the modulation of the primary-side voltage by the generation of a spectrum of the primary-side voltage by the reader, for example by means of Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) or Discrete Fourier

Transformation (DFT) take place. Furthermore, a voltage curve of the envelope can be recorded by a filter, in particular a low-pass filter and / or a high-pass filter. The spectrum or envelope may then be compared to a reference spectrum or a reference envelope to verify compliance with the predetermined criterion. If, for example, the spectrum / envelope determined by the reader agrees sufficiently with the reference spectrum / reference envelope, then the relevant security feature of the document is deemed fulfilled. In the following, embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. Show it:

Figure 1 a is a block diagram of an embodiment of an inventive

Reader, document and electronic system,

FIG. 1 b shows a block diagram of a further embodiment of a reader, document and electronic system according to the invention,

FIG. 1c shows a measured envelope in comparison with a reference envelope of the primary-side voltage,

FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of an embodiment of an inventive device

process FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of a further embodiment of a system according to the invention,

FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of a further embodiment of a method according to the invention.

In the following, corresponding elements of the following embodiments will be identified by the same reference numerals. Figure 1a shows an electronic system 100 with a reader 102 and a document 104. The reader 102 has a spool 106 and the document has a spool 108. When the document 104 is within range of the reader 102, the spools are 106 and 108 are electromagnetically coupled. By the coupling of the coils 106 and 108, a transformer 110 is then formed, which is here both for inductive coupling of electrical energy from the reader 102 in the document 104 as well as for the message transmission, for example by an RFID method or an NFC Procedure, serves.

The document 104 has an electronic circuit 1 12, such as a semiconductor integrated circuit integrated circuit or a printed polymer electronic circuit. The electronic circuit 1 2 has a processor 1 14 for executing program instructions, in particular for executing the program instructions 1 16, by which a drive sequence is defined. The electronic circuit 1 12 further has an electronic memory 118 in which, for example, at least one data object 120 is stored. The data object 120 may be personal information about the owner of the document 104, information about the authority that issued the document 104, or other information. The electronic circuit 1 2 is connected in parallel to the coil 108, so that the electronic circuit 1 12 is supplied with voltage as soon as energy is inductively coupled from the reader 102 into the coil 108. Also, one or more consumers of the document 104 are connected in parallel with the coil 108; in the embodiment considered here, the consumers 122, 124 and 126 are connected. consumers are switchable via switches 128, 130 and 132 of the processor 1 14. For example, the switches 28, 130 and 132 are controllable semiconductor switches, in particular transistors, by means of which the processor 1 14 can switch the consumers on or off by executing the program instructions 16.

By the reader 102, a voltage U is applied to the coil 06, such as a high-frequency voltage of a frequency of 1 MHz or more, in particular 13.56 MHz. As a result, a carrier wave is generated by which energy is inductively coupled into the coil 108.

The reader 102 has an evaluation unit 134 for evaluating a modulation of the voltage U, which experiences this due to the drive sequence and the associated secondary-side variation of the load. The evaluation can be carried out, for example, such that a spectrum of the modulated voltage U is calculated by the evaluation unit 134 by FFT or DFT and compared with a reference spectrum. Furthermore, a voltage curve of the envelope of the voltage U can be recorded by the evaluation unit 34 and compared with a reference envelope curve (see FIG. If the two spectra and / or envelopes sufficiently coincide with each other, then the security feature of the document, which is given by the control sequence 16 and the consumers driven with it, is considered fulfilled.

Depending on the embodiment, this may be a necessary or sufficient precondition for a reading protocol for reading the data object 120 subsequently being carried out by a logic component 136 of the reader 102.

For this purpose, the logic component 136 can generate a read command, which is transmitted via the transmitter 10 to the document 104 and processed there by the processor 1 14. The processor 1 14 then accesses the memory 1 18 in order to read the data object 20 and to generate a response to the read command with which the data object 120 is transmitted to the reader 02 via the transmitter 1 10. The consumers 122, 24 and 126 may be, for example, a display device, a temperature sensor, a motion sensor, a fingerprint sensor or a camera for recording an iris scan. According to embodiments of the invention, the display device integrated in the document is a bistable display device, an electrophoretic display, an electrochromic display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), LED display, in particular inorganic LED or organic LED display (OLED ), Rotating element display, bar graph, photoluminescent erasure display, or display based on the electrowetting effect or a hybrid display. The display device can be designed as a matrix display, in particular as an emissive matrix display.

The evaluation unit 134 and the logic component 136 can be formed by one or more microprocessors of the reader 102 and corresponding program modules and / or logic circuits. The same applies to the implementation of the control sequence, which may also be wholly or partially program-controlled and / or via hard-wired logic. FIG. 1b shows an embodiment in which the consumers 122, 124 and 126 are each connected directly to the processor 12 with one of their connections. The supply voltage is then across one of the load between the processor 1 14 and a voltage tap of the coil 108, as shown in FIG. 1 b. The separate switches 128, 130, 132 can be dispensed with in this embodiment, since the processor 1 14 internally can switch the voltage at its outputs to which the loads 122, 124 and 126 are connected.

FIG. 1 c shows a reference envelope 164 which is stored in the reader 02, for example in the evaluation unit 134 (compare the embodiments of FIGS. 1 a and 1 b). The reader may include a turn curve receiver coupled to the coil 106 for detecting an envelope 166 of the time course of the voltage U, as shown in dashed lines in FIG. 1c. If the actual course of the envelope 166 sufficiently with the course of the reference corresponds to the curve 164, then a given criterion is fulfilled; For example, a security feature of the document is considered fulfilled or a document type assigned to the reference curve 164 is recognized as being recognized. FIG. 2 shows a corresponding flow chart. In step 200, by applying the high-frequency voltage U, the reading device 102 sends a carrier wave, by means of which energy is inductively coupled into the document 104. As a result, a supply voltage is applied to the electronic circuit 12, as a result of which the execution of the program instructions 116 by the processor 114 begins (step 202), since an oscillator of the circuit 12 starts due to the applied voltage. Due to the execution of the program instructions 16, the loads 122, 124, and 126 are then driven in a temporal order to vary the secondary-side load that the document 104 forms for the reader 102. For example, for this purpose, the switches 128, 130 and 132 are closed sequentially and then opened again in succession, in a predetermined by the program instructions 1 16 order. This temporal variation of the secondary-side load modulates the amplitude and / or the phase of the voltage U, which is evaluated by the evaluation unit 134 (step 204). If this modulation of the voltage U corresponds to a predetermined criterion (step 206), the read device 102 starts the execution of the read protocol by the logic component 136 so that the reader 102 transmits a read command to the document 104 via the transmitter in order to access the document 104 Data object 120 to read (step 210). In the opposite case, an abort occurs in step 208.

FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of an electronic system 100 according to the invention, wherein the reader 102 in this embodiment has a processor 138 for executing program instructions 140, 142 and 144.

The program instructions 140 implement the steps of a first cryptographic protocol I concerning the reader 102, whereas the program instructions 142 implement the steps of a second cryptographic protocol II relating to the reader 102. The processor 138 is also used to execution of the program instructions 144 which serve to select one of the cryptographic protocols supported by the reader 102, ie here the protocols I or II. The reader 102 further has a receiver 146 for demodulating the voltage U. For example, the receiver 146 obtains information by demodulating the voltage U and provides this information to the protocol determination processor 138 through the program instructions 144. The reader 102 may further comprise an optical sensor 148, such as a scanner for reading a Machine Readable Zone (MRZ). Furthermore, the reader 102 may include a security token or access a security token (such as a smart card 150) via a smart card reader 152. Cryptographic key material may be stored in the smart card 150 for executing one of the protocols supported by the reader 102, such as a private key P and a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) certificate Z, which identifies the private key P includes public key O as well as a specification of access rights. The electronic system 00 also includes the document 104.1 and the document 104.2, which have a structurally analog structure but different document types.

The processor 1 14.1 of the document 104.1 is used to execute program instructions 1 16.1 which implement a first drive sequence I of the first document type. In contrast, the processor 1 14.2 of the document 104.2 is used to execute the program instructions 1 16.2, which implement a second drive sequence II of the second document type. For example, the drive sequences I and II may differ with regard to the switching sequence in which the switches 128.1, 130.1 and 132.1 or the switches 128.2, 130.2 and 132.2 are switched. For example, the switches 128.1, 130.1 and 132.1 are sequentially closed in this order according to the driving sequence I, whereas according to the driving sequence II, the switches 132.2, 130.2 and 128.2 are closed in this order. Further, the document types may differ in the number, type and size of the loads of the consumers 122.1, 124.1, 126.1 and 122.2, 124.2 and 126.2, respectively. In particular, consumers may have different real or imaginary, ie inductive or capacitive components.

The processor 1 14.1 further serves to execute program instructions 154.1 by which the steps of the cryptographic protocol I relating to the document 104.1 are implemented. In contrast, the processor 1 14.2 is used to execute program instructions 154.2 by which the steps of a cryptographic protocol II relating to the document 104.2 are implemented. In the memories 1 18.1 and 1 18.2 of the documents 104.1 and 104.2, different data objects 120.1 and 120.2 can be stored. Document 104.2 additionally carries a machine readable zone (MRZ), for example as specified by the International Aviation Authority (ICAO), in the form of an optically readable indicia 156.

In the embodiment considered here, the protocol I is a password-based Diffie-Hellman key agreement protocol, for example the PACE protocol specified by the Federal Office for Information Security. Accordingly, the reader 1 18 has an interface, in particular a keyboard 158, for entering a password (PW). In contrast, Protocol II implements both a Basic Access Control

Protocol as well as an Extended Access Control protocol, for example as specified by the ICAO. The program instructions 154.2 therefore contain program instructions 160 for implementing the basic access control protocol steps relating to the document 104.2 and program instructions 162 for implementing the steps of the extended access control protocol relating to the document 104.2.

Accordingly, for the reader 102 whose program instructions 140 are the steps of the protocol I relating to the reader 102, ie, for example of the PACE protocol, and its program instructions 142 which contain for the implementation of the reader 102 related steps of the basic access control protocol and the extended access control protocol. When the document 104.1 is brought into the range of the reader 102, energy is injected into the document 104.1 due to the carrier wave generated by application of the primary-side voltage U and the execution of the program instructions 116.1 is started so that the switches 128.1, 130.1 and 132.1 in FIG the drive sequence I closed and opened order, so that there is a temporally variable secondary-side load, which leads to a corresponding modulation of the voltage U. This modulation of the voltage U characteristic of the document type I indicates to the reader 102 that the document 104.1 is a document of the first document type. For this purpose, the voltage U is demodulated by the receiver 146, so that the reading device 102 receives a specific pattern, which is evaluated by execution of the program instructions 144. By way of example, the received pattern is compared with reference patterns of the document types I and II and, if the received pattern matches the reference pattern of the first document type, the execution of the program instructions 140 is selected.

The execution of the program instructions 140 and 154.1 is then started to execute the protocol I. For this purpose, the user must enter his password via the keyboard 158. After successful completion of the protocol I, the data object 120.1 is read from the memory 118.1 and transmitted from the document 104.1 to the reader 102.

The same applies to the document 104.2, if this is brought into the range of the reader 102 instead of the document 104.1. Because of the control sequence II, which then expires, the reader 102 receives a different pattern, which leads to the recognition of the protocol II. With the aid of the optical sensor 148 of the reader 102, the MRZ, ie the imprint 156, is read, from which a symmetrical key is derived. This symmetric key is transmitted from the reader 102 to the document 04.2 and compared by execution of the program instructions 160 with a reference value. If the received symmetric key coincides with the reference value, the EAC is subsequently executed by execution of the program instructions 162. For this purpose, the reader 102 must authenticate with the aid of the chip card 150 with respect to the document 104.2, for example according to a so-called challenge-response protocol. In addition, the reader 102 must transmit the certificate Z to the document 104.2, so that by executing the program instructions 162 it can be checked whether the reader 102 has the rights required for accessing the data object 120.2. If the EAC has also been successfully executed, the data object 120.2 is read from the memory 1 18.2 and transmitted to the reader 102. In the embodiment considered here, it is particularly advantageous that the control sequences I and Ii not only each have a security feature, but also a possibility for the reader 102 to recognize the respective document type without the reader having to send a command or other data; In contrast, only the application of the voltage U for sending the carrier wave is sufficient for this purpose. Only after the recognition of the respective document type, a type-specific communication between the reader 102 and the respective document can be performed. It is particularly advantageous that with the reader 102 different document types can be read.

FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of a further embodiment of a method according to the invention. In step 300, a carrier wave is emitted by the reading device on the primary side. When an embodiment of a document according to the invention is brought into the range of the reader, the execution of the predetermined drive sequence is started by the processor of the document, resulting in a temporally varying secondary load.

By this temporal variation, the primary-side voltage U is first modulated with first information which is demodulated by the read-out in step 304. device is received. Furthermore, by means of the optical sensor of the reading device (cf. optical sensor 148 of the reading device in the embodiment according to FIG. 3), a second piece of information is read, such as the MRZ of the document. In step 308, a cryptographic protocol is started, with the first and second information used to perform the cryptographic protocol. For example, the first information and the second information are concatenated, subjected to a bitwise XOR operation, or otherwise combined with each other. The resulting information can be used, for example, to derive a symmetric key by executing the cryptographic protocol. This symmetric key is transferred from the reader to the document where it is compared to a reference value. If there is no match, the execution of the cryptographic protocol has not been successful (step 310) and aborted at step 312. If the opposite is the case, the document signals to the reader that the execution of the cryptographic protocol has been successful , and then the reader performs a read access to the data stored in the memory of the document. In this way, for example, the BAC can be extended to the effect that not only information is optically detected from the MRZ, but additional information is received from the document due to the temporal variation of the load. This information is linked together and then forms the basis for further implementation of the protocol. As a result of this expansion, the BAC retains its original function, since the optical reading of the MRZ is absolutely necessary, and at the same time it is made even safer, since in addition to reading the MRZ, it is also necessary to receive the first information due to the modulation of the load. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

100 electronic system

102 reader

104 document

106 coil

108 coil

110 transformers

112 electronic circuit

114 processor

116 program instructions

118 electronic memory

120 data object

122 consumers

124 consumers

126 consumers

128 switches

130 switches

132 switches

134 evaluation unit

136 logic component

138 processor

140 program instructions

142 program instructions

144 program instructions

146 recipients

148 optical sensor

150 chip card

152 chip card reader

154 program instructions

156 imprint

158 keyboard

160 program instructions

162 program instructions

Claims

Patent claims

A method of reading data (120) from a document (104) by means of a reader (102), wherein the reader forms the primary side of a transmitter (110), the document comprising an electronic memory (118) for storing the data Data, processor means (114) for reading the data from the memory and at least one controllable by the processor means electrical loads (128, 130, 132), wherein the document by the secondary side of the transformer is formed, and wherein the processor means and the at least one Consumers are coupled to the power supply to the secondary side, with the following steps:

Applying a primary-side voltage (U) to the primary side for coupling energy into the secondary side,

Control of the at least one consumer by the processor means, whereby a temporally variable secondary side load is formed, through which the primary side undergoes a modulation,

Evaluation of the modulation of the primary side by the reader to perform a read access to read the data depending on a result of the evaluation.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the primary-side voltage has a frequency of more than 1 MHz, in particular 13.56 MHz.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein a high-frequency carrier wave for transmitting a read command from the reader to the document is generated by the primary-side voltage, wherein the read commutation is sent only after the evaluation of the modulation.

4. The method of claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein after evaluation of the modulation of the structure of a communication connection to an RFID or N FC procedure between the reader and the document to read the data from the document.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the drive sequence is a switching sequence for switching the loads.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the consumer is a display device, and wherein the drive sequence includes a sequence for driving the display device for the reproduction of different images, for each of which a different power consumption of the display device is required.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the document includes one or more of the following consumers: display device, fingerprint sensor, iris scan sensor, touch panel, touchpad, temperature sensor, motion sensor, camera.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein for the evaluation of the modulation, a comparison with a predetermined criterion, wherein a prerequisite for the execution of the read access is that the predetermined criterion is met.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the document has a first or a second document type, wherein the document type of the document is recognized by evaluating the modulation, and the read access is performed depending on the recognized document type.

The method of claim 9, wherein after detection of the first document type, a first cryptographic protocol must be successfully performed in order to perform the read access, and wherein after recognition of the second document type, a second cryptographic protocol must be performed in order to perform the read access.

11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein by evaluating the modulation, a first, predetermined information is received by the reader, wherein the document carries an optically readable second information, wherein the second information read by means of an optical sensor (158) of the reader and deriving from the first and second information a key for enabling read access.

12. A reading device for a document (04) with primary means (106) for transmitting a carrier wave for the inductive coupling of energy into the document, by means of which a secondary side is formed,

Means (134) for evaluating a modulation of the carrier wave due to a change in the secondary-side load,

Means (102; 38) for reading data (120) stored in an electronic memory (18) of the document as a function of a result of the evaluation of the modulation.

13. A reader according to claim 12, wherein the means for reading the data for

Establishing a communication connection according to an RFID or NFC method are formed with the document to receive the data via the communication link from the document.

14. A reader according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the means for evaluating the test are formed, whether with respect to the modulation, a predetermined criterion is met.

15. A reader according to claim 12, 13 or 14, wherein the means for evaluation for detecting a document type of the document are formed in dependence on the modulation.

A reading apparatus according to any of the preceding claims 12 to 15, wherein the means for evaluating are for demodulating the modulated primary-side voltage, the modulated primary-side current, and / or the modulated primary-side complex impedance to receive first information from the document, wherein Depending on the first information read access by the means for reading the data is feasible.

A reading apparatus according to claim 16, including an optical sensor (158) for reading second information from the document and means (142) for deriving a cryptographic key from the first information and the second information, the means for reading for performing the read access are formed with the help of the cryptographic key.

18. Document with an electronic memory (118) for storing data, processor means (114) for reading the data from the memory, at least one controllable by the processor means electrical loads (128, 130, 132) and a contactless communication interface (108 ) for coupling a carrier wave, wherein the processor means and the at least one consumer are coupled to the power supply to the communication interface, wherein the processor means are configured for controlling the at least one electrical load according to a predetermined control sequence in order by the at least one consumer - to vary rather formed load.

19. The document of claim 18, wherein the at least one consumer is a display device, a fingerprint sensor, an iris scan sensor, a touch panel and / or a touchpad.

20. An electronic system with a reading device according to one of the preceding claims 12 to 17 and at least one document according to claim 18 or 19.