EP2536812A2 - Tubular wall assembly and gasification reactor - Google Patents

Tubular wall assembly and gasification reactor

Info

Publication number
EP2536812A2
EP2536812A2 EP11703702A EP11703702A EP2536812A2 EP 2536812 A2 EP2536812 A2 EP 2536812A2 EP 11703702 A EP11703702 A EP 11703702A EP 11703702 A EP11703702 A EP 11703702A EP 2536812 A2 EP2536812 A2 EP 2536812A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubular
wall assembly
distributor
tubular wall
flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11703702A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Eckhard Friese
Thomas Paul Von Kossak-Glowczewski
Juergen Kowalow
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority to EP11703702A priority Critical patent/EP2536812A2/en
Priority to EP13162294.6A priority patent/EP2612895A1/en
Publication of EP2536812A2 publication Critical patent/EP2536812A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/466—Entrained flow processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C10J3/76—Water jackets; Steam boiler-jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C10J3/845—Quench rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1838—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines the hot gas being under a high pressure, e.g. in chemical installations
    • F22B1/1846—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines the hot gas being under a high pressure, e.g. in chemical installations the hot gas being loaded with particles, e.g. waste heat boilers after a coal gasification plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/02—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially-straight water tubes
    • F22B21/20—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from substantially-straight water tubes involving sectional or subdivided headers in separate arrangement for each water-tube set
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/02—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of forced-circulation type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
    • F24H1/406—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes the tubes forming a membrane wall
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/09—Mechanical details of gasifiers not otherwise provided for, e.g. sealing means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tubular wall assembly comprising a plurality of tubular conduits in parallel arrangement interconnected to form a gastight structure, each tubular conduit being connected on one end to a common distributor and on another end to a common header, wherein through each conduit a flow path extends between the distributor and the header.
  • the invention also relates to an insertable flow restrictor for such a wall assembly and to a gasification reactor comprising such a wall assembly for the partial
  • Such wall assemblies are particularly used as a wall for a burner unit in a gasifier for the production of synthetic gas or syngas by partial combustion of a carbonaceous feed, such as pulverized coal.
  • a carbonaceous feed such as pulverized coal.
  • An example of such a wall assembly is disclosed in GB 1 501 284 and WO 2008/110592.
  • the water distribution is improved by using strainer tubes having one end provided with an orifice.
  • the end with the orifice is inserted into an opening in the distributor line facing the inlet opening of the corresponding tubular line.
  • After inserting the strainer tube it is kept in place by a matching pin with a screw head forming a threaded connection with a threaded portion of the opening in the distributor wall.
  • the diameter of the openings in the distributor wall should be large enough to receive the screw threaded part, which is wider than the diameter of the strainer tube. This larger diameter further weakens the screw threaded part, which is wider than the diameter of the strainer tube. This larger diameter further weakens the screw threaded part, which is wider than the diameter of the strainer tube. This larger diameter further weakens the screw threaded part, which is wider than the diameter of the strainer tube. This larger diameter further weakens the screw threaded part, which is wider than the diameter of the strainer tube. This larger diameter further weakens the screw threaded part, which is wider than the diameter of the strainer tube. This larger diameter further weakens the screw threaded part, which is wider than the diameter of the strainer tube. This larger diameter further weakens the screw threaded part, which is wider than the diameter of the strainer tube. This larger diameter further weakens the screw threaded part, which is wider than the diameter of the strainer tube. This larger diameter further weakens the screw threade
  • the object of the invention is achieved with a tubular wall assembly comprising a plurality of tubular conduits in parallel arrangement interconnected to form a gastight structure,
  • each tubular conduit being connected on one end to a common distributor and on another end to a common header, wherein through each conduit a flow path extends between the distributor and the header,
  • each flow path passes a passage opening in a seat for an insertable flow restrictor
  • the wall assembly comprises an opening bordered by a collar with an open end in line with the seat, wherein the open end of the collar is closed by a cap .
  • the parallel tubular conduits can for example be vertical or they can be helically wound.
  • the conduits are interconnected to form a gastight wall, e.g., as a tube- stay-tube or fin-tube construction.
  • the wall assembly can for example be cylindrical or it can have any other type of tubular geometry, e.g., being square or polygonal or elliptical in plan view.
  • the flow restrictors can for instance be provided with a strainer tube having one end provided with a nozzle with an outer surface matching the seat and with an opening or orifice, wherein the strainer tube is provided with a plurality of openings having in total a larger accumulated flow-through capacity than the
  • the orifice can for example be formed by an inwardly flanging end surface of the nozzle.
  • the strainer tube protects the orifice against plugging by foreign material.
  • the orifice can for example comprise a frusto-conical plug portion while the seat comprises a matching frusto-conical receptacle portion.
  • the orifice can be connected to the seat by a threaded connection.
  • a tensioned compression spring is arranged between the flow restrictor and the cap to push the flow restrictor against its seat.
  • the flow restrictor can be configured to maintain a desired pressure drop in the tubular wall assembly between the distributor and the header. In practice, a pressure drop between 0.15 and 0.75 MPa has been found to be particularly advantageous for the process of steam generation .
  • the openings in the wall assembly for insertion of the flow restrictors can for example be arranged in the distributor opposite the proximal end of the
  • the openings can be arranged in the wall of the corresponding conduit.
  • the collar may have a longitudinal axis at an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of the conduit in flow direction.
  • the gastight tubular wall assembly is particularly suitable for use as a burner wall in a reactor for gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock.
  • gasification reactor comprises a pressure vessel, at least one gasifier unit confined by the tubular burner wall assembly within the pressure vessel, wherein at least one burner is arranged to heat up the interior of the gasifier unit.
  • Such a carbonaceous feedstock gasification reactor can for example be built by first arranging the tubular wall assembly within the pressure vessel without the flow restrictors. Subsequently the open ended collars are closed off. After that, the distributor, the conduits and the header are flushed and/or boiled out. Then the caps are removed from the open ended collars, the flow
  • restrictors are positioned, and the caps are put back to close off the open ended collars.
  • the caps are welded to the open ended collars.
  • the carbonaceous feedstock gasification reactor can for example be operated by providing water via the distributor to the tubular conduits, where it is heated to form steam. The steam is then discharged from the tubular conduits via the header.
  • the flow restrictor as described above, it is possible to maintain a pressure drop in the water between the distributor and the header between 0.15 and 0.75 MPa by adjusting its flow-through capacity .
  • Figure 1 shows a gasification reactor with a burner wall assembly according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows in detail a flow restrictor and the connection between the distributor and the tubular conduits in the wall assembly of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 shows an alternative arrangement of the connection of Figure 2 ;
  • Figure 4 shows a flow restrictor in an alternative embodiment of the wall assembly according to the present invention .
  • FIG. 1 shows a reactor for the production of synthetic gas by gasification of a carbonaceous feed.
  • the reactor comprises a vessel 1 encasing a combustion chamber 6 in the upper half of the vessel 1.
  • the vessel 1 is provided with a syngas outlet 7 at the bottom end of the combustion chamber 6 and two pairs of diametrical positioned burners 2. Through this outlet 7 the produced syngas and slag formed as a by-product is discharged from the combustion chamber 6.
  • Each burner 2 is provided with supply conduits for an oxidiser gas 3 and a carbonaceous feed 4.
  • the combustion chamber 6 is surrounded by a
  • substantially gas-tight wall assembly 8 made of
  • tubular conduits 10 interconnected parallel vertical tubular conduits 10, e.g., interconnected by fins.
  • a wall assembly is also referred to as a membrane wall.
  • the distributor 12 is provided with a series of capped collars 15 opposite the tubular conduits 10. These collars form the entrance for an insertable flow restrictor, for instance as shown in Figure 2 or
  • the distributor 12 is connected to a cooling water supply conduit 14.
  • the header 11 is connected to a steam discharge conduit 13.
  • the steam discharge conduit 13 and the water supply conduit 14 are fluidly connected to a steam drum 29.
  • the steam drum 29 is connected to a supply conduit for fresh water and an outlet conduit for
  • a water pump 31 serves to enhance the flow of water from steam drum 29 to the distributor 12.
  • the water flow can be driven by natural convection.
  • the water pump 31 is replaced by a pipe.
  • the burners 2 are directed to fire into the
  • FIG. 2 shows in detail the collars 15 on the distributor 12, with one of the collars 15 in cross section.
  • the collar 15 is formed by a pipe section 16 having one end extending through an opening 17 at the lowest point of the cross section of the distributor 12. Opposite to this opening, the pipe 16 has a second end extending through an opening 18 at the highest point of the cross section of the distributor 12. At the openings 17, 18 the pipe 16 is welded to the wall of the
  • the pipe 16 is provided with two longitudinal slots 19, 20 at
  • the interior of the pipe 16 is provided with a ring shaped rim or shoulder 21 forming a seat for an insertable flow restrictor 22 and confining a passage opening for the flow path of the water flow.
  • the insertable flow restrictor 22 comprises a strainer tube 23 with a plurality of openings 24, and an orifice 25 at its end abutting the seat 21.
  • the total flow-through capacity of the plurality of openings 24 is substantially larger than the flow through capacity of the orifice 25.
  • the pipe 16 comprises a head 32 provided with an internal screw thread.
  • a cap 26 with a correspondingly threaded portion is screwed into the pipe head 32.
  • a compression spring 27 between the flow restrictor 22 and the cap 26 forces the flow
  • the pipe 16 may comprise two separate pieces: one being welded to the distributor 12 in opening 17 and one in opening 18.
  • the lower opening 17 is not in line with the upper opening 18. In that case, a bent or curved tubular transition piece should lead from the seat 21 to the opening 18 and the tubular conduit 10.
  • Figure 3 shows a further alternative embodiment of the present invention.
  • the collar 15 is welded onto the edge of the opening 17 at the outer surface of the distributor 12.
  • tubular transition piece 36 with a conical seat 28 in its interior.
  • An insertable flow restrictor 22 extends from the collar 15 to the seat 28.
  • the flow restrictor 22 comprises a strainer tube 23 with a plurality of openings 24, and a conical nozzle 30 abutting the seat 28.
  • the nozzle 30 is provided with an orifice 33 confined by an inwardly extending flange at the top end of the nozzle 30.
  • the total flow-through capacity of the plurality of openings 24 is substantially larger than the flow through capacity of the orifice 33.
  • the collar 15 comprises a head 34 provided with an internal screw thread.
  • a cap 35 with a correspondingly threaded portion is screwed into the collar head 34.
  • a compression spring 27 between the flow restrictor 22 and the cap 26 forces the flow restrictor 22 against the conical seat 28.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further possible embodiment.
  • the distributor 12 is only provided with openings 18 at its upper side where it opens into the tubular conduits 10.
  • the tubular conduit 10 comprises a Y-shaped transition piece 40 having a first tubular leg 41 in line with the other sections of tubular conduit 10, and a second tubular leg 42 forming a collar which makes an acute angle with the first tubular leg 41.
  • the first leg 41 comprises a lateral opening 51.
  • the collar 42 is connected to the first leg 41 via the lateral opening 51.
  • transition piece 40 At its top end the transition piece 40 is operatively connected to a further section of the tubular conduit 10. At this point the transition piece 40 comprises a ring shaped shoulder 43 extending in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the second leg 42. The shoulder 43 forms a seat surrounding a passage opening for the flow path of the water.
  • An insertable flow restrictor 44 is inserted in the second tubular leg 42 to abut the seat 43.
  • the flow restrictor 44 comprises a strainer tube 45 with a
  • the nozzle 47 is provided with an orifice 48 abutting the seat 43.
  • the total flow-through capacity of the plurality of openings 24 is substantially larger than the flow-through capacity of the orifice 48.
  • the second tubular leg 42 is capped by a screw cap 49 which is connected to the leg 42 with a threaded connection.
  • water flows from the distributor 12 via the opening 18 into the tubular conduit 10.
  • the water passes the Y-shaped transition piece 40, the water swirls via the openings 46 into the strainer tube and the nozzle 47 through the orifice 48 into the subsequent section of the tubular conduit 10.
  • the distributor 12 is not perforated and weakened by a series of openings for insertion of the flow restrictor, but the flow
  • the various collars can be arranged in a staggered manner relative to each other, which is
  • tubular conduits 10 are directly interconnected to each other.
  • the orifices restrict the flow- through capacity.
  • the orifice of the flow restrictor causes a pressure drop in the tubular conduit.
  • the orifice can be designed to optimize the pressure drop for the steam generation process, e.g., in such a way that the pressure drop between the distributor and the header is between 0.15 and 0.75 MPa.
  • the strainer tubes function as a sieve protecting the orifices form plugging by foreign
  • the flow restrictors can be easily taken away for maintenance, repair or replacement.
  • the flow restrictors can be placed
  • the caps can be welded to the respective collars.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

Tubular wall assembly (8) comprising a plurality of tubular conduits (10) in parallel arrangement interconnected to form a gastight structure, each tubular conduit (10) being connected on one end to a common distributor (12) and on another end to a common header (11), wherein through each conduit a flow path extends between the distributor and the header, wherein each flow path crosses a passage opening in a seat (21, 28, 43) for an insertable flow restrictor (22, 44), wherein for each conduit the wall assembly comprises an opening (17, 51) bordered by a collar (15, 42) with an open end in line with the seat, wherein the open end of the collar is closed by a cap (26, 35, 49).

Description

TUBULAR WALL ASSEMBLY AND GASIFICATION REACTOR
The present invention relates to a tubular wall assembly comprising a plurality of tubular conduits in parallel arrangement interconnected to form a gastight structure, each tubular conduit being connected on one end to a common distributor and on another end to a common header, wherein through each conduit a flow path extends between the distributor and the header. The invention also relates to an insertable flow restrictor for such a wall assembly and to a gasification reactor comprising such a wall assembly for the partial
combustion of a carbonaceous feed, to a method of
assembling such a reactor and to a method of operating such a reactor.
Such wall assemblies are particularly used as a wall for a burner unit in a gasifier for the production of synthetic gas or syngas by partial combustion of a carbonaceous feed, such as pulverized coal. An example of such a wall assembly is disclosed in GB 1 501 284 and WO 2008/110592. During the gasification process, water flows from the distributor into the parallel tubes and leaves the tubes as a mixture of water and steam when it flows into the header. This way, heat evolved in the gasification process is partly recovered in the
gasification zone itself. For a safe cooling an even distribution of the cooling water over the parallel tubes is required.
In some types of steam generating heat exchangers, such as disclosed in US 1,988,659 and JP 60-152803, the water distribution is improved by using strainer tubes having one end provided with an orifice. The end with the orifice is inserted into an opening in the distributor line facing the inlet opening of the corresponding tubular line. After inserting the strainer tube, it is kept in place by a matching pin with a screw head forming a threaded connection with a threaded portion of the opening in the distributor wall. This solution can only be used if the tubular lines are at sufficient distance from each other, since the screw heads are wider than the tubular lines and the openings in the distributor line would seriously weaken the wall of the distributor line.
The diameter of the openings in the distributor wall should be large enough to receive the screw threaded part, which is wider than the diameter of the strainer tube. This larger diameter further weakens the
distributor wall.
It is an object of the invention to provide a gastight tubular wall assembly wherein the cooling water can effectively and evenly be distributed from a
distributor over the plurality of interconnected tubular lines over the full life time of the wall assembly.
The object of the invention is achieved with a tubular wall assembly comprising a plurality of tubular conduits in parallel arrangement interconnected to form a gastight structure,
each tubular conduit being connected on one end to a common distributor and on another end to a common header, wherein through each conduit a flow path extends between the distributor and the header,
wherein each flow path passes a passage opening in a seat for an insertable flow restrictor,
wherein for each conduit the wall assembly comprises an opening bordered by a collar with an open end in line with the seat, wherein the open end of the collar is closed by a cap .
It has been found that such a collar can reinforce the distributor wall to compensate for the weakening by the openings. The diameter of the openings can be kept as small as the outer diameter of the insertable flow restrictor. As a result, although the collars are at short distance from each other, there is still material of the distributor mantle bridging both halves of the distributor line at either side of the collar. In this way, the tubular conduits of the gastight wall assembly can be arranged with a short pitch as required by the process conditions and in a cost efficient manner.
The parallel tubular conduits can for example be vertical or they can be helically wound. The conduits are interconnected to form a gastight wall, e.g., as a tube- stay-tube or fin-tube construction. The wall assembly can for example be cylindrical or it can have any other type of tubular geometry, e.g., being square or polygonal or elliptical in plan view.
The flow restrictors can for instance be provided with a strainer tube having one end provided with a nozzle with an outer surface matching the seat and with an opening or orifice, wherein the strainer tube is provided with a plurality of openings having in total a larger accumulated flow-through capacity than the
orifice. The orifice can for example be formed by an inwardly flanging end surface of the nozzle. The strainer tube protects the orifice against plugging by foreign material.
To obtain a tight fit between the flow restrictor and the seat, the orifice can for example comprise a frusto-conical plug portion while the seat comprises a matching frusto-conical receptacle portion.
Alternatively, the orifice can be connected to the seat by a threaded connection.
Optionally, a tensioned compression spring is arranged between the flow restrictor and the cap to push the flow restrictor against its seat.
The flow restrictor can be configured to maintain a desired pressure drop in the tubular wall assembly between the distributor and the header. In practice, a pressure drop between 0.15 and 0.75 MPa has been found to be particularly advantageous for the process of steam generation .
The openings in the wall assembly for insertion of the flow restrictors can for example be arranged in the distributor opposite the proximal end of the
corresponding conduit. Alternatively, the openings can be arranged in the wall of the corresponding conduit. In such case, the collar may have a longitudinal axis at an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of the conduit in flow direction.
The gastight tubular wall assembly is particularly suitable for use as a burner wall in a reactor for gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock. Such a
gasification reactor comprises a pressure vessel, at least one gasifier unit confined by the tubular burner wall assembly within the pressure vessel, wherein at least one burner is arranged to heat up the interior of the gasifier unit.
Such a carbonaceous feedstock gasification reactor can for example be built by first arranging the tubular wall assembly within the pressure vessel without the flow restrictors. Subsequently the open ended collars are closed off. After that, the distributor, the conduits and the header are flushed and/or boiled out. Then the caps are removed from the open ended collars, the flow
restrictors are positioned, and the caps are put back to close off the open ended collars. Optionally, the caps are welded to the open ended collars.
The carbonaceous feedstock gasification reactor can for example be operated by providing water via the distributor to the tubular conduits, where it is heated to form steam. The steam is then discharged from the tubular conduits via the header. With the flow restrictor as described above, it is possible to maintain a pressure drop in the water between the distributor and the header between 0.15 and 0.75 MPa by adjusting its flow-through capacity .
Exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described by reference to the accompanying drawing, in which :
Figure 1: shows a gasification reactor with a burner wall assembly according to the present invention;
Figure 2: shows in detail a flow restrictor and the connection between the distributor and the tubular conduits in the wall assembly of Figure 1 ;
Figure 3: shows an alternative arrangement of the connection of Figure 2 ;
Figure 4: shows a flow restrictor in an alternative embodiment of the wall assembly according to the present invention .
Figure 1 shows a reactor for the production of synthetic gas by gasification of a carbonaceous feed. The reactor comprises a vessel 1 encasing a combustion chamber 6 in the upper half of the vessel 1. The vessel 1 is provided with a syngas outlet 7 at the bottom end of the combustion chamber 6 and two pairs of diametrical positioned burners 2. Through this outlet 7 the produced syngas and slag formed as a by-product is discharged from the combustion chamber 6. Each burner 2 is provided with supply conduits for an oxidiser gas 3 and a carbonaceous feed 4.
The combustion chamber 6 is surrounded by a
substantially gas-tight wall assembly 8 made of
interconnected parallel vertical tubular conduits 10, e.g., interconnected by fins. Such a wall assembly is also referred to as a membrane wall. The tubular conduits
10 run from a common distributor 12 to a common
header 11. The distributor 12 is provided with a series of capped collars 15 opposite the tubular conduits 10. These collars form the entrance for an insertable flow restrictor, for instance as shown in Figure 2 or
Figure 3.
The distributor 12 is connected to a cooling water supply conduit 14. The header 11 is connected to a steam discharge conduit 13. The steam discharge conduit 13 and the water supply conduit 14 are fluidly connected to a steam drum 29. The steam drum 29 is connected to a supply conduit for fresh water and an outlet conduit for
produced steam. A water pump 31 serves to enhance the flow of water from steam drum 29 to the distributor 12. Alternatively, the water flow can be driven by natural convection. In this case, the water pump 31 is replaced by a pipe.
The burners 2 are directed to fire into the
combustion chamber 6 through a burner opening 5 in the wall assembly 8. Between the wall assembly 8 and the wall of vessel 1 is an annular space 9.
Figure 2 shows in detail the collars 15 on the distributor 12, with one of the collars 15 in cross section. The collar 15 is formed by a pipe section 16 having one end extending through an opening 17 at the lowest point of the cross section of the distributor 12. Opposite to this opening, the pipe 16 has a second end extending through an opening 18 at the highest point of the cross section of the distributor 12. At the openings 17, 18 the pipe 16 is welded to the wall of the
distributor 12. Between the openings 17, 18, the pipe 16 is provided with two longitudinal slots 19, 20 at
opposite sides. At its end near the opening 18, the pipe
16 is welded to the lower end of one of the tubular conduits 10.
Near the upper opening 18, the interior of the pipe 16 is provided with a ring shaped rim or shoulder 21 forming a seat for an insertable flow restrictor 22 and confining a passage opening for the flow path of the water flow. The insertable flow restrictor 22 comprises a strainer tube 23 with a plurality of openings 24, and an orifice 25 at its end abutting the seat 21. The total flow-through capacity of the plurality of openings 24 is substantially larger than the flow through capacity of the orifice 25.
Near the lower opening 17, the pipe 16 comprises a head 32 provided with an internal screw thread. A cap 26 with a correspondingly threaded portion is screwed into the pipe head 32. A compression spring 27 between the flow restrictor 22 and the cap 26 forces the flow
restrictor 22 against the seat 21.
Water flows from the distributor 12 via the slots 19, 20 and the openings 24 into the strainer tube 23 and then via the orifice 25 through the seat 21 into the tubular conduit 10. In an alternative embodiment, the pipe 16 may comprise two separate pieces: one being welded to the distributor 12 in opening 17 and one in opening 18. In a further alternative embodiment, the lower opening 17 is not in line with the upper opening 18. In that case, a bent or curved tubular transition piece should lead from the seat 21 to the opening 18 and the tubular conduit 10.
Figure 3 shows a further alternative embodiment of the present invention. The collar 15 is welded onto the edge of the opening 17 at the outer surface of the distributor 12. Between the distributor 12 and the tubular conduit 10 is tubular transition piece 36 with a conical seat 28 in its interior. An insertable flow restrictor 22 extends from the collar 15 to the seat 28. The flow restrictor 22 comprises a strainer tube 23 with a plurality of openings 24, and a conical nozzle 30 abutting the seat 28. The nozzle 30 is provided with an orifice 33 confined by an inwardly extending flange at the top end of the nozzle 30. As in figure 2, the total flow-through capacity of the plurality of openings 24 is substantially larger than the flow through capacity of the orifice 33.
The collar 15 comprises a head 34 provided with an internal screw thread. A cap 35 with a correspondingly threaded portion is screwed into the collar head 34. A compression spring 27 between the flow restrictor 22 and the cap 26 forces the flow restrictor 22 against the conical seat 28.
Figure 4 shows a further possible embodiment. In this embodiment, the distributor 12 is only provided with openings 18 at its upper side where it opens into the tubular conduits 10. The tubular conduit 10 comprises a Y-shaped transition piece 40 having a first tubular leg 41 in line with the other sections of tubular conduit 10, and a second tubular leg 42 forming a collar which makes an acute angle with the first tubular leg 41. The first leg 41 comprises a lateral opening 51. The collar 42 is connected to the first leg 41 via the lateral opening 51.
At its top end the transition piece 40 is operatively connected to a further section of the tubular conduit 10. At this point the transition piece 40 comprises a ring shaped shoulder 43 extending in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the second leg 42. The shoulder 43 forms a seat surrounding a passage opening for the flow path of the water.
An insertable flow restrictor 44 is inserted in the second tubular leg 42 to abut the seat 43. The flow restrictor 44 comprises a strainer tube 45 with a
plurality of openings 46, and a conical nozzle 47. The nozzle 47 is provided with an orifice 48 abutting the seat 43. As in figure 2, the total flow-through capacity of the plurality of openings 24 is substantially larger than the flow-through capacity of the orifice 48.
At its outer end the second tubular leg 42 is capped by a screw cap 49 which is connected to the leg 42 with a threaded connection. A compression spring 50 between the cap 49 and the flow restrictor 44 presses the flow restrictor 44 against its seat 43.
In use, water flows from the distributor 12 via the opening 18 into the tubular conduit 10. When it passes the Y-shaped transition piece 40, the water swirls via the openings 46 into the strainer tube and the nozzle 47 through the orifice 48 into the subsequent section of the tubular conduit 10.
In this embodiment, the distributor 12 is not perforated and weakened by a series of openings for insertion of the flow restrictor, but the flow
restrictors are inserted into the tubular conduits 10. Optionally, the various collars can be arranged in a staggered manner relative to each other, which is
particularly useful if the tubular conduits 10 are directly interconnected to each other.
In all embodiments, the orifices restrict the flow- through capacity. As a result, the distribution of water over the various tubular conduits is levelled out and optimized. The orifice of the flow restrictor causes a pressure drop in the tubular conduit. The orifice can be designed to optimize the pressure drop for the steam generation process, e.g., in such a way that the pressure drop between the distributor and the header is between 0.15 and 0.75 MPa. The strainer tubes function as a sieve protecting the orifices form plugging by foreign
materials in the water flow. The flow restrictors can be easily taken away for maintenance, repair or replacement. Optionally, the flow restrictors can be placed
permanently in the wall assembly 8. In that case, the caps can be welded to the respective collars.

Claims

C L A I M S
1. Tubular wall assembly (8) comprising a plurality of tubular conduits (10) in parallel arrangement
interconnected to form a gastight structure,
each tubular conduit (10) being connected on one end to a common distributor (12) and on another end to a common header (11),
wherein through each conduit a flow path extends between the distributor and the header,
wherein each flow path crosses a passage opening in a seat (21, 28, 43) for an insertable flow restrictor (22,
44) ,
wherein for each conduit the wall assembly comprises an opening (17, 51) bordered by a collar (15, 42) with an open end in line with the seat,
wherein the open end of the collar is closed by a cap
(26, 35, 49) .
2. Tubular wall assembly according to claim 1,
wherein at least one flow restrictor (22, 44) is provided with a strainer tube (23, 45) having one end provided with an orifice (25, 33, 48) matching the seat (21, 28,
43) , wherein the strainer tube is provided with a
plurality of openings (24, 46) having in total a larger accumulated flow-through capacity than the orifice.
3. Tubular wall assembly according to claim 2, wherein the flow restrictor comprises a frusto-conical plug portion (30) and the seat comprises a matching frusto- conical receptacle portion (28).
4. Tubular wall assembly according to one of the preceding claims wherein a tensioned compression spring (27, 50) is arranged between the flow restrictor and the cap .
5. Tubular wall assembly according to claim 1, 2, or 3 wherein the orifice is connected to the seat by a
threaded connection.
6. Tubular wall assembly according to any one or the preceding claims wherein the flow restrictor (22, 44) is configured to maintain a pressure drop in the tubular wall assembly between the distributor and the header is between 0.15 and 0.75 MPa.
7. Tubular wall assembly according to any one of the preceding claims wherein at least part of the openings (17) in the wall assembly are arranged in the distributor opposite the proximal end of the corresponding conduit.
8. Tubular wall assembly according to any one of the preceding claims wherein at least a part of the openings (51) is arranged in the wall of the corresponding conduit (10), wherein the collar (42) has a longitudinal axis at an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of the conduit in direction of the flow path.
9. Tubular wall assembly according to claim 2, wherein the flow restrictor (22, 44) comprises a strainer tube (23, 45) with a tubular wall having a plurality of openings (24, 46) and with at least one open end with an orifice having a flow-through capacity which is less than the accumulated flow-through capacity of the openings in the tubular wall.
10. Carbonaceous feedstock gasification reactor
comprising a pressure vessel (1), at least gasifier unit (6) confined by a tubular burner wall (8) within the pressure vessel, wherein at least one burner (2) is arranged to heat up the interior of the gasifier unit (6) wherein the tubular burner wall comprises a tubular wall assembly according to any one of the claims 1-8.
11. Method of assembly of the carbonaceous feedstock gasification reactor of claim 10, wherein the tubular wall assembly (8) is arranged within the pressure vessel
(1) without the flow restrictors (12, 44), and wherein subsequently the open ended collars (15, 42) are closed off, and wherein subsequently the distributor, the conduits and the header are flushed and/or boiled out, and wherein subsequently the caps are removed from the open ended collars, the flow restrictors are positioned, and the caps are put back to close off the open ended collars .
12. Method according to claim 11 wherein subsequently the caps (26, 35, 49) are welded to the open ended collars .
13. Method of operating a carbonaceous feedstock gasification reactor according to claim 10, wherein water is provided via the distributor (12) to the conduits (10),
wherein the water is heated in the tubular conduits to form steam and
wherein the steam is discharged from the tubular conduits via the header (11),
wherein a pressure drop in the water between the
distributor and the header is maintained between 0.15 and 0.75 MPa.
EP11703702A 2010-02-18 2011-02-17 Tubular wall assembly and gasification reactor Withdrawn EP2536812A2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11703702A EP2536812A2 (en) 2010-02-18 2011-02-17 Tubular wall assembly and gasification reactor
EP13162294.6A EP2612895A1 (en) 2010-02-18 2011-02-17 Method of assembly of gasification reactor

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10153975 2010-02-18
EP11703702A EP2536812A2 (en) 2010-02-18 2011-02-17 Tubular wall assembly and gasification reactor
PCT/EP2011/052338 WO2011101404A2 (en) 2010-02-18 2011-02-17 Tubular wall assembly and gasification reactor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2536812A2 true EP2536812A2 (en) 2012-12-26

Family

ID=42340867

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EP13162294.6A Withdrawn EP2612895A1 (en) 2010-02-18 2011-02-17 Method of assembly of gasification reactor

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US (1) US20130199461A1 (en)
EP (2) EP2536812A2 (en)
JP (1) JP2013519865A (en)
KR (1) KR20130006624A (en)
CN (1) CN102762698B (en)
AU (1) AU2011217281B2 (en)
WO (1) WO2011101404A2 (en)
ZA (1) ZA201206172B (en)

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WO2012130941A2 (en) * 2011-03-31 2012-10-04 Schaefer Konstanze Perfluorinated compounds for the non-viral transfer of nucleic acids
WO2015161439A1 (en) * 2014-04-22 2015-10-29 崔哲 Steam-beautifying hair care machine
US10408542B2 (en) * 2014-05-13 2019-09-10 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Heat exchange device for cooling synthetic gas and method of assembly thereof

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US2907306A (en) * 1955-01-12 1959-10-06 Mont Steam Generators Inc Hot liquid or vapor generator
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JPS60152803A (en) 1984-01-19 1985-08-12 住友金属工業株式会社 Lamont type forced circulation boiler
US4745943A (en) * 1987-04-28 1988-05-24 Mortensen Erik M Continuous flow steam condensate removal device
US6409229B1 (en) * 2000-11-13 2002-06-25 Lawrence E. Shea Plastic pipe and duct joint connections
JP5420426B2 (en) * 2007-03-15 2014-02-19 シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ Gasification reaction vessel with internal multi-tube wall and multiple burners
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2612895A1 (en) 2013-07-10
WO2011101404A3 (en) 2011-12-22
CN102762698B (en) 2014-10-22
KR20130006624A (en) 2013-01-17
CN102762698A (en) 2012-10-31
WO2011101404A2 (en) 2011-08-25
JP2013519865A (en) 2013-05-30
AU2011217281B2 (en) 2014-05-15
US20130199461A1 (en) 2013-08-08
AU2011217281A1 (en) 2012-09-06
ZA201206172B (en) 2013-05-29

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