EP2527286B1 - Crane with overload protection - Google Patents
Crane with overload protection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2527286B1 EP2527286B1 EP12003877.3A EP12003877A EP2527286B1 EP 2527286 B1 EP2527286 B1 EP 2527286B1 EP 12003877 A EP12003877 A EP 12003877A EP 2527286 B1 EP2527286 B1 EP 2527286B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- crane
- pressure
- valve
- pressure relief
- slewing gear
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
- B66C23/84—Slewing gear
- B66C23/86—Slewing gear hydraulically actuated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/88—Safety gear
- B66C23/90—Devices for indicating or limiting lifting moment
- B66C23/905—Devices for indicating or limiting lifting moment electrical
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/88—Safety gear
- B66C23/94—Safety gear for limiting slewing movements
Definitions
- the invention relates to a crane, in particular an offshore crane, with a slewing gear and a hydraulic slewing gear drive, wherein the slewing gear is held in its position by a retaining moment applied by the hydraulic slewing gear drive.
- Crane structures are regularly designed for a certain maximum permissible load torque. Exceeding this allowable load torque can lead to a significant risk to the boom system and other crane components and cause permanent damage to the entire crane design. Therefore, cranes usually have an overload protection that causes a shutdown of the crane operation when exceeding the allowable forces on the crane construction.
- overload protection only takes into account the vertical movement of the load during crane operation.
- the load on a ship is moved by the wave motion of the sea possibly in addition to the vertical movement in the horizontal direction, whereby the ship or the load drifts sideways to the crane.
- a lateral movement can cause a dangerous load torque on the cranes used construction, in particular on the slewing and on the boom.
- a crane according to the preamble of claim 1 is made US Pat. No. 3,690,387 known. Object of the present invention is therefore to develop an overload protection for a crane, taking into account the above problem.
- a crane in particular an offshore crane, with a slewing gear and a hydraulic slewing gear drive according to the features of claim 1.
- the slewing drive brings in a manner known per se, a torque on the crane turning to effect a rotational movement of the crane about a vertically disposed axis of rotation.
- a holding torque is introduced by the hydraulic slew drive on the slew to hold this in the desired position.
- the basic idea of the invention is now to regulate the applied holding torque in order to prevent exceeding the maximum permissible load torque on the slewing gear due to the load movement.
- the determination of the maximum permissible load torque occurs as a function of the projection and / or the position of the crane hook.
- the crane provides an overload safety device which has at least one detection means for detecting the projection and / or position of the crane hook and at least one pressure relief valve.
- the overload protection is designed so that at least one pressure relief valve applied to the hydraulic slewing drive system pressure and consequently the resulting holding torque on the slewing drive in response to the projection and / or the position of the crane hook is adjustable.
- the maximum moment occurring on the slewing can be limited by the rotation, which can prevent potential damage to the boom.
- a diagonal train of an attached load leads to a rotational movement of the slewing gear, if the maximum torque, that is, the holding torque determined by the crane turning drive, is exceeded.
- the adjustable holding torque on the slewing gear is reduced as a function of the projection and / or position of the hook.
- the pressure in the system pressure line can be reduced by at least partially opening the pressure relief valve (s).
- the one or more pressure relief valves are arranged so as to switch in the open state, a short circuit between high and low pressure line to the slew drive. The degree of opening of the pressure relief valve (s) then determines the flow rate within the short circuit and thus the degree of pressure reduction in the high pressure circuit.
- the overload protection comprises at least one pressure relief valve, in particular a proportionally controllable pressure relief valve.
- the output pressure of the pressure relief valve is connected as a control pressure on at least one or preferably all pressure relief valves. Accordingly, the respective degree of opening of the pressure relief valve or valves can be compensated via the pressure limiting valve.
- the pressure relief valve is made adjustable and the overload protection or the control unit of the overload protection regulates the output pressure of the pressure relief valve and consequently the applied control pressure to at least one pressure relief valve depending on the detected projection and / or the position of the crane hook.
- the system pressure or the resulting holding torque on the slewing drive can therefore be regulated via the controllable pressure limiting valve as a function of the detected projection and / or the position of the crane hook.
- control line is connected at least one or all pressure relief valves via at least one check valve with the system pressure line of the rotary drive.
- control line is connected via at least one check valve with the supply of the system pressure line to the hydraulic slew drive and via at least one check valve with the return of the system pressure line.
- the hydraulic slewing drive preferably comprises at least one hydraulic motor for carrying out a rotary movement of the slew drive.
- the required holding force on the slewing drive is generated by the drive torque of the hydraulic motor.
- the present invention therefore provides for a corresponding control of the hydraulic motor over the present system pressure in order to regulate the applied holding torque as a function of the projection and / or position of the hook.
- a hydraulic parking brake may be provided which applies a corresponding holding torque on the slewing drive in addition to the hydraulic motor.
- the overload protection according to the invention adopts a corresponding regulation of the control pressure in order to apply the desired holding torque via the slewing gear drive.
- a user-defined maximum limit holding torque flows into the activation of at least one pressure relief valve.
- a limit is particularly preferably taken into account in the control of the proportional pressure limiting valve.
- the pressure relief valve can basically be designed and arranged differently. It can be provided that the discharge side of the pressure relief valve is connected to a tank of the system.
- the one or more pressure relief valves may themselves have different configurations.
- at least one pressure relief valve may be formed as a valve cartridge or so-called cartridge valve.
- the overload protection of the crane in development of the invention may include a switching valve that activates the overload protection function only in the energized state. For example, in the non-energized state, the pressure relief valve is locked by the pressure line between the pressure relief and pressure relief valve is locked.
- the switching valve may be associated with a position sensing device, in particular a switching position monitoring, which monitors the switching position of the switching valve and thus enables error detection.
- the complete overload protection of the crane is not limited to the regulation of the holding torque on the slewing gear.
- the overload protection according to the invention can basically measure and monitor further moments and forces on the crane system and, if appropriate, control the individual crane drives appropriately, such as, for example, controlled actuation of the hoist drive for omitting the hoist rope in the event of overload.
- Drawn crane 10 is rotatably supported by means of a slewing gear 30 about a vertical axis A on an offshore platform 20. It has a cantilevered about a horizontal rocking axis boom 40, on the top of a hoist rope 50 runs, which serves to receive the mounted on the ship 90 load 100.
- the hoist rope 50 can be lowered and overtaken by means of a hoist winch.
- the illustrated crane 10 is equipped with an overload protection, which should avoid a threat to the boom 40 of the crane 10 and to protect the entire crane structure from damage when changing the load torque.
- the overload protection comprises a control device which is connected to a load hook position detection device, which on the one hand detects the respective load acting on the crane 10 and on the other hand the respective position of the load hook or the attached load 100.
- the overload protection comprises a Ausladungssensor, the unloading of the crane 10, d. H. detected the horizontal distance of the running of the top of the boom 40 hoist rope 50 from the vertical axis of rotation A of the crane 10 and the control unit of the overload protection notifies.
- the torque on the slewing gear 30 should be limited in order to prevent potential damage to the boom 40.
- the vessel 90 diagonal pull of the hoisting rope 50 lead to an inadmissible load torque on the crane structure, in particular on the slewing gear 30.
- a relief of the crane structure is now to be achieved according to the invention by a situation-dependent adjustment of the applied torque applied by the slewing drive to grant a rotational movement of the crane 10 about the vertical axis of rotation A in case of overload.
- the maximum permissible torque on the slewing gear 30 is dependent on the design or the position of the crane hook on the hoist rope 50.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the circuit for driving the slewing 30.
- the hydraulic circuit comprises the hydraulic motor 110, which is acted upon by the supply and return of the system pressure lines 120, 120 'with the desired pressure to to cause a corresponding rotational movement of the crane 10 about the axis of rotation A.
- the flow direction determines the direction of rotation of the hydraulic motor 110.
- a definable holding torque is set via the system pressure lines 120, 120 ', with which the hydraulic motor 110 keeps the slewing gear 30 in position during crane work.
- the pressure level in the system pressure lines 120, 120 ' is usually a in the FIG. 2 not shown hydraulic pump determined.
- the flow side 120 of the control pressure line of the hydraulic motor 110 is connected to a pressure relief valve 130, which in the illustrated embodiment is a so-called cartridge pressure valve and the input side is connected to the Spese für für 120 'of the hydraulic motor 110.
- a pressure relief valve 130 which is connected on the input side to the system pressure line 120 and on the output side to the system pressure line 120' of the hydraulic motor 110.
- the opening of the pressure relief valves 130, 130 ' is controlled hydraulically via a proportional pressure relief valve 140 which is connected on the input side to the hydraulic tank 160 and whose variable output pressure determines the applied control pressure at the two pressure relief valves 130, 130'.
- the proportional pressure limiting valve 140 is actuated by the control device of the overload protection function of the discharge of the crane 10 detected by the Ausladungssensor and the determined by the load hook position detecting device position of the crane hook, so that the opening of the two pressure relief valves 130, 130 'and thus the on the Speisyaktechnischen 120, 120 'applied system pressure in dependence on the crane outreach and the crane hook position or the thus each allowed limit torque is determined on the slewing.
- the proportional pressure limiting valve 140 can be regulated by a controller 141.
- the proportional valve 140 is automatically regulated in such a way that the holding torque measured by the slew drive corresponds to the approved crane load.
- FIG. 2 a 2/2-way valve 150, which is incorporated in the control pressure line between the proportional pressure relief valve 140 and the two pressure relief valves 130, 130 '.
- This directional control valve 150 is designed such that it must be energized for a switched flow.
- the switching valve 150 includes a position sensor or switch 151, which indicates the position of the switch 150 and is controlled by the system, so that an error monitoring is possible.
- the overload protection can be deactivated, for example, if the load hook is located above the platform 20. On the other hand, the overload protection can then be activated and the holding torque on the slewing gear 30 is reduced depending on the projection and position of the hook when the load hook is below or outside the platform 20 in a position that increases the risk potential for the boom system or the crane could mean 10.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Jib Cranes (AREA)
- Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
- Control And Safety Of Cranes (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kran, insbesondere Offshore-Kran, mit einem Drehwerk und einem hydraulischen Drehwerksantrieb, wobei das Drehwerk über ein durch den hydraulischen Drehwerksantrieb aufgebrachtes Haltemoment in seiner Position gehalten wird.The invention relates to a crane, in particular an offshore crane, with a slewing gear and a hydraulic slewing gear drive, wherein the slewing gear is held in its position by a retaining moment applied by the hydraulic slewing gear drive.
Krankonstruktionen sind regelmäßig für ein bestimmtes maximal zulässiges Lastmoment ausgelegt. Ein Überschreiten dieses zulässigen Lastmomentes kann zu einer erheblichen Gefährdung für das Auslegersystem sowie sonstiger Kranbestandteile führen und dauerhafte Schäden an der gesamten Krankonstruktion hervorrufen. Daher besitzen Krane üblicherweise eine Überlastsicherung, die bei einem Überschreiten der zulässigen Kräfte auf die Krankonstruktion ein Abschalten des Kranbetriebs bewirkt.Crane structures are regularly designed for a certain maximum permissible load torque. Exceeding this allowable load torque can lead to a significant risk to the boom system and other crane components and cause permanent damage to the entire crane design. Therefore, cranes usually have an overload protection that causes a shutdown of the crane operation when exceeding the allowable forces on the crane construction.
Insbesondere bei Offshore-Kranen können aufgrund des Bewegungsprofils der zu hebenden Last schlagartige Änderungen des anliegenden Lastmomentes auftreten, die eine besondere Ausgestaltung der Überlastsicherung verlangen, da ein bloßes Abschalten der Kranantriebe speziell bei den im Offshore-Betrieb auftretenden Lastfälle zu einer Zerstörung der Krankonstruktion führt. Besonders gefährlich ist hier das Be- und Entladen eines Schiffs, das nicht bei ruhigem Wasser im Hafen, sondern bei höherem Seegang durchgeführt wird. Verhängt der Lasthaken eines auf einer Offshore-Plattform stehenden Krans am Versorgungsschiff, kommt es zu einer Überbelastung des Krans, wenn das Versorgungsschiff in ein Wellental absinkt. Die auftretenden Lasten würden zu einer Zerstörung des Krans führen, wenn die Überlastsicherung lediglich die Stellantriebe des Krans außer Betrieb setzt. Um einen Zerstörung des Krans in solchen Fällen zu verhindern, muß das Hubseil nachgelassen werden.Particularly in the case of offshore cranes, abrupt changes in the applied load moment can occur due to the movement profile of the load to be lifted, which require a special embodiment of the overload protection, since a mere shutdown of the crane drives occurs especially in offshore operation Load cases leads to a destruction of the crane construction. Particularly dangerous here is the loading and unloading of a ship, which is not carried out in calm water in the harbor, but at higher sea state. If the load hook of a crane standing on an offshore platform strikes the supply ship, the crane will be overloaded if the supply ship sinks into a wave trough. The occurring loads would lead to destruction of the crane when the overload protection only puts the actuators of the crane out of service. In order to prevent destruction of the crane in such cases, the hoist rope must be reduced.
Derartige Überlastsicherungen berücksichtigen allerdings nur die vertikale Bewegung der Last während des Kranbetriebs. So wird beispielsweise die auf einem Schiff liegende Last durch die Wellenbewegung des Meeres gegebenenfalls zusätzlich zur vertikalen Bewegung auch in horizontaler Richtung bewegt, wodurch das Schiff bzw. die Last seitlich zum Kran driftet. Auch eine seitliche Bewegung kann ein gefährliches Lastmoment auf die verwendete Krankonstruktion, insbesondere auf das Drehwerk und auf den Ausleger bewirken. Ein Kran gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 ist aus
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Kran, insbesondere Offshore-Kran, mit einem Drehwerk und einem hydraulischen Drehwerksantrieb gemäß den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Der Drehwerksantrieb bringt in an sich bekannter Art und Weise ein Drehmoment auf das Krandrehwerk auf, um eine Drehbewegung des Krans um eine vertikal stehende Drehachse zu bewirken. Üblicherweise wird durch den hydraulischen Drehwerksantrieb ein Haltemoment auf das Drehwerk eingebracht, um dieses in der gewünschten Position festzuhalten.This object is achieved by a crane, in particular an offshore crane, with a slewing gear and a hydraulic slewing gear drive according to the features of
Der grundlegende Gedanke der Erfindung besteht nun darin, daß aufgebrachte Haltemoment zu regulieren, um ein Überschreiten des maximal zulässigen Lastmomentes am Drehwerk aufgrund der Lastbewegung zu verhindern. Übersteigt das durch die Last bewirkte Moment am Drehwerk das eingestellte Haltemoment, so führt dies zu einer Drehbewegung des Auslegersystems und einer Entlastung der gesamten Kranstruktur. Die Bestimmung des maximal zulässigen Lastmomentes erfolgt in Abhängigkeit der Ausladung und/oder der Position des Kranhakens.The basic idea of the invention is now to regulate the applied holding torque in order to prevent exceeding the maximum permissible load torque on the slewing gear due to the load movement. Exceeds that Moment caused by the load on the slewing gear, the set holding torque, this leads to a rotational movement of the boom system and a relief of the entire crane structure. The determination of the maximum permissible load torque occurs as a function of the projection and / or the position of the crane hook.
Der Kran sieht hierzu eine Überlastsicherung vor, die wenigstens ein Erfassungsmittel zur Erfassung der Ausladung und/oder Position des Kranhakens und wenigstens ein Druckentlastungsventil aufweist. Erfindungsgemäß ist die Überlastsicherung derart ausgeführt, so daß über wenigstens ein Druckentlastungsventil der am hydraulischen Drehwerksantrieb anliegende Systemdruck und folglich das resultierende Haltemoment am Drehwerksantrieb in Abhängigkeit von der Ausladung und/oder der Position des Kranhakens regulierbar ist.For this purpose, the crane provides an overload safety device which has at least one detection means for detecting the projection and / or position of the crane hook and at least one pressure relief valve. According to the invention, the overload protection is designed so that at least one pressure relief valve applied to the hydraulic slewing drive system pressure and consequently the resulting holding torque on the slewing drive in response to the projection and / or the position of the crane hook is adjustable.
Das maximal auftretende Moment am Drehwerk kann durch die Drehbewegung begrenzt werden, wodurch sich potentielle Schäden am Ausleger verhindern lassen. Beispielsweise führt ein Schrägzug einer angehängten Last zu einer Drehbewegung des Drehwerks, falls das Maximalmoment, also das durch den Krandrehwerkantrieb bestimmte Haltemoment, überschritten wird. Insbesondere wird das regulierbare Haltemoment am Drehwerk in Abhängigkeit von der Ausladung und/oder Position des Hakens reduziert.The maximum moment occurring on the slewing can be limited by the rotation, which can prevent potential damage to the boom. For example, a diagonal train of an attached load leads to a rotational movement of the slewing gear, if the maximum torque, that is, the holding torque determined by the crane turning drive, is exceeded. In particular, the adjustable holding torque on the slewing gear is reduced as a function of the projection and / or position of the hook.
Beispielsweise kann es vorgesehen sein, daß im nicht geöffneten Zustand des oder der Druckentlastungsventile das Haltemoment über die Druckeinstellung einer mit der Systemdruckleitung verbundenen Hydraulikpumpe definiert ist. Ist eine Reduzierung des Haltemomentes am Drehwerksantrieb aufgrund der Ausladung und/oder Position des Hakens beabsichtigt, so läßt sich durch zumindest teilweises Öffnen des oder der Druckentlastungsventile der Druck in der Systemdruckleitung reduzieren. Vorzugsweise sind das oder die Druckentlastungsventile derart angeordnet, um im geöffneten Zustand einen Kurzschluss zwischen Hoch- und Niederdruckleitung zum Drehwerksantrieb zu schalten. Der Öffnungsgrad des oder der Druckentlastungsventile bestimmt sodann die Durchflußmenge innerhalb des Kurzschlusses und folglich den Grad der Druckreduzierung im Hochdruckkreislauf.For example, it may be provided that in the non-open state of the pressure relief valves or the holding torque is defined via the pressure setting of a connected to the system pressure line hydraulic pump. If it is intended to reduce the holding torque on the slew drive due to the projection and / or position of the hook, the pressure in the system pressure line can be reduced by at least partially opening the pressure relief valve (s). Preferably, the one or more pressure relief valves are arranged so as to switch in the open state, a short circuit between high and low pressure line to the slew drive. The degree of opening of the pressure relief valve (s) then determines the flow rate within the short circuit and thus the degree of pressure reduction in the high pressure circuit.
In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführung der Erfindung umfaßt die Überlastsicherung wenigstens ein Druckbegrenzungsventil, insbesondere ein proportional ansteuerbares Druckbegrenzungsventil. Der Ausgangsdruck des Druckbegrenzungsventils wird dabei als Steuerdruck auf wenigstens ein oder vorzugsweise alle Druckentlastungsventile geschaltet. Demnach läßt sich über das Druckbegrenzungsventil der jeweilige Öffnungsgrad des oder der Druckbegrenzungsventile ausregeln.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the overload protection comprises at least one pressure relief valve, in particular a proportionally controllable pressure relief valve. The output pressure of the pressure relief valve is connected as a control pressure on at least one or preferably all pressure relief valves. Accordingly, the respective degree of opening of the pressure relief valve or valves can be compensated via the pressure limiting valve.
Vorzugsweise ist das Druckbegrenzungsventil regelbar ausgeführt und die Überlastsicherung bzw. die Steuereinheit der Überlastsicherung regelt in Abhängigkeit der erfaßten Ausladung und/oder der Position des Kranhakens den Ausgangsdruck des Druckbegrenzungsventils und folglich den anliegenden Steuerdruck an wenigstens einem Druckentlastungsventil. Der Systemdruck bzw. das resultierende Haltemoment am Drehwerksantrieb sind demnach über das regelbare Druckbegrenzungsventil in Abhängigkeit der erfaßten Ausladung und/oder der Position des Kranhakens regulierbar.Preferably, the pressure relief valve is made adjustable and the overload protection or the control unit of the overload protection regulates the output pressure of the pressure relief valve and consequently the applied control pressure to at least one pressure relief valve depending on the detected projection and / or the position of the crane hook. The system pressure or the resulting holding torque on the slewing drive can therefore be regulated via the controllable pressure limiting valve as a function of the detected projection and / or the position of the crane hook.
Weiterhin kann vorgesehen sein, daß die Steuerleitung wenigstens eines oder aller Druckentlastungsventile über mindestens ein Rückschlagsventil mit der Systemdruckleitung des Drehwerkantriebs verbunden ist. Vorzugsweise ist die Steuerleitung über wenigstens ein Rückschlagventil mit der Zuführung der Systemdruckleitung zum hydraulischen Drehwerksantrieb sowie über wenigstens ein Rückschlagventil mit der Rückführung der Systemdruckleitung verbunden.Furthermore, it can be provided that the control line is connected at least one or all pressure relief valves via at least one check valve with the system pressure line of the rotary drive. Preferably, the control line is connected via at least one check valve with the supply of the system pressure line to the hydraulic slew drive and via at least one check valve with the return of the system pressure line.
Der hydraulische Drehwerksantrieb umfaßt vorzugsweise wenigstens einen Hydromotor zur Ausführung einer Drehbewegung des Drehwerksantriebs. Zweckmäßig kann es sein, daß die erforderliche Haltekraft am Drehwerksantrieb durch das Antriebmoment des Hydromotors erzeugt wird. Die vorliegende Erfindung sieht daher eine entsprechende Ansteuerung des Hydromotors über den vorliegenden Systemdruck vor, um das anliegende Haltemoment in Abhängigkeit der Ausladung und/oder Position des Hakens zu regulieren.The hydraulic slewing drive preferably comprises at least one hydraulic motor for carrying out a rotary movement of the slew drive. Appropriately, it may be that the required holding force on the slewing drive is generated by the drive torque of the hydraulic motor. The present invention therefore provides for a corresponding control of the hydraulic motor over the present system pressure in order to regulate the applied holding torque as a function of the projection and / or position of the hook.
Darüber hinaus kann eine hydraulische Feststellbremse vorgesehen sein, die zusätzlich zum Hydromotor ein entsprechendes Haltemoment auf dem Drehwerksantrieb aufbringt. Unabhängig von der konkreten Ausgestaltung des Drehwerksantriebs nimmt die erfindungsgemäße Überlastsicherung eine entsprechende Regulierung des Steuerdrucks vor, um das gewünschte Haltemoment über den Drehwerksantrieb aufzubringen.In addition, a hydraulic parking brake may be provided which applies a corresponding holding torque on the slewing drive in addition to the hydraulic motor. Regardless of the specific embodiment of the slewing drive, the overload protection according to the invention adopts a corresponding regulation of the control pressure in order to apply the desired holding torque via the slewing gear drive.
So kann es zweckmäßig sein, daß zusätzlich zur ausladungs- und positionsabhängigen Regulierung des Haltemoments ein benutzerdefiniertes maximales Grenzhaltemoment in die Ansteuerung wenigstens eines Druckentlastungsventils einfließt. Besonders bevorzugt wird ein derartiger Grenzwert bei der Ansteuerung des proportionalen Druckbegrenzungsventils berücksichtigt.Thus, it may be appropriate that in addition to the discharge and position-dependent regulation of the holding torque, a user-defined maximum limit holding torque flows into the activation of at least one pressure relief valve. Such a limit is particularly preferably taken into account in the control of the proportional pressure limiting valve.
Das Druckbegrenzungsventil kann grundsätzlich verschieden ausgebildet und angeordnet sein. Es kann vorgesehen sein, daß die Ablassseite des Druckbegrenzungsventils mit einem Tank des Systems verbunden ist.The pressure relief valve can basically be designed and arranged differently. It can be provided that the discharge side of the pressure relief valve is connected to a tank of the system.
Das oder die Druckentlastungsventile können selbst verschiedene Ausbildungen besitzen. Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführung der Erfindung kann mindestens ein Druckentlastungsventil als Ventilpatrone bzw. sogenanntes Cartridgeventil ausgebildet sein.The one or more pressure relief valves may themselves have different configurations. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least one pressure relief valve may be formed as a valve cartridge or so-called cartridge valve.
Ferner kann die Überlastsicherung des Krans in Weiterbildung der Erfindung ein Schaltventil umfassen, das nur im energiebeaufschlagten Zustand die Überlastsicherungsfunktion aktiviert. Beispielsweise kann im nicht energiebeaufschlagten Zustand das Druckentlastungsventil gesperrt sei, indem die Druckleitung zwischen Druckbegrenzungs- und Druckentlastungsventil gesperrt ist.Furthermore, the overload protection of the crane in development of the invention may include a switching valve that activates the overload protection function only in the energized state. For example, in the non-energized state, the pressure relief valve is locked by the pressure line between the pressure relief and pressure relief valve is locked.
Dem Schaltventil kann eine Wegerfassungseinrichtung, insbesondere eine Schaltstellungsüberwachung zugeordnet sein, die die Schaltstellung des Schaltventils überwacht und somit eine Fehlerdetektion ermöglicht.The switching valve may be associated with a position sensing device, in particular a switching position monitoring, which monitors the switching position of the switching valve and thus enables error detection.
Die vollständige Überlastsicherung des Krans ist nicht auf die Regulierung des Haltemomentes am Drehwerk begrenzt. Die erfindungsgemäße Überlastsicherung kann grundsätzlich weitere Momente und Kräfte am Kransystem messen, überwachen und gegebenenfalls die einzelnen Kranantriebe passend ansteuern, wie beispielsweise eine geregelte Ansteuerung des Hubwindenantrieb zur Auslassung des Hubseils im Überlastfall.The complete overload protection of the crane is not limited to the regulation of the holding torque on the slewing gear. The overload protection according to the invention can basically measure and monitor further moments and forces on the crane system and, if appropriate, control the individual crane drives appropriately, such as, for example, controlled actuation of the hoist drive for omitting the hoist rope in the event of overload.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels und zugehöriger Zeichnungen näher erläutert. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:
- Figur 1:
- eine schematische Darstellung eines auf einer Offshore-Plattform installierten Offshore-Krans mit einer Überlastsicherung nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung und
- Figur 2:
- eine schematische Darstellung der Schaltung der hydraulischen Komponenten der Überlastsicherung des
Krans aus Figur 1 .
- FIG. 1:
- a schematic representation of an installed on an offshore platform offshore crane with an overload protection according to a preferred embodiment of the invention and
- FIG. 2:
- a schematic representation of the circuit of the hydraulic components of the overload protection of the crane
FIG. 1 ,
Der in
Der abgebildete Kran 10 ist mit einer Überlastsicherung ausgestattet, die bei einer Änderung des Lastmomentes eine Gefährdung für den Ausleger 40 des Krans 10 vermeiden und die gesamte Kranstruktur gegen Beschädigungen schützen soll. Die Überlastsicherung umfaßt hierzu eine Steuereinrichtung, die mit einer Lasthakenpositionserfassungseinrichtung verbunden ist, die einerseits die jeweils auf den Kran 10 wirkende Last sowie andererseits die jeweilige Position des Lasthakens bzw. der angehängten Last 100 erfaßt.The illustrated
Darüber hinaus umfaßt die Überlastsicherung einen Ausladungssensor, der die Ausladung des Krans 10, d. h. den horizontalen Abstand des von der Spitze des Auslegers 40 ablaufenden Hubseils 50 von der vertikalen Drehachse A des Krans 10 erfaßt und der Steuereinheit der Überlastsicherung mitteilt.In addition, the overload protection comprises a Ausladungssensor, the unloading of the
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Überlastsicherung soll das Moment am Drehwerk 30 begrenzt werden, um potentielle Schäden am Ausleger 40 zu verhindern. Beispielsweise kann der durch eine unvorhergesehene Bewegung des Schiffes 90 hervorgerufene Schrägzug des Hubseils 50 zu einem unzulässigen Lastmoment auf die Kranstruktur, insbesondere auf das Drehwerk 30 führen. Eine Entlastung der Kranstruktur soll nun erfindungsgemäß durch eine situationsabhängige Anpassung des durch den Drehwerkantrieb aufgebrachten Haltemomentes erzielt werden, um eine Drehbewegung des Krans 10 um die vertikal stehende Drehachse A im Überlastfall zu gewähren. Das maximal zulässige Moment auf das Drehwerk 30 ist dabei abhängig von der Auslegung bzw. der Position des Kranhakens am Hubseil 50.Due to the overload protection according to the invention, the torque on the
Wie
Das Öffnen der Druckentlastungsventile 130, 130' wird hydraulisch über ein proportionales Druckbegrenzungsventil 140 gesteuert, das eingangsseitig mit dem Hydrauliktank 160 verbunden ist und dessen variabler Ausgangsdruck den anliegenden Steuerdruck an den beiden Druckentlastungsventilen 130, 130' bestimmt. Das Proportionaldruckbegrenzungsventil 140 wird dabei von der Steuereinrichtung der Überlastsicherung in Abhängigkeit der vom Ausladungssensor erfaßten Ausladung des Krans 10 sowie der von der Lasthakenpositionserfassungseinrichtung bestimmten Position des Kranhakens angesteuert, so daß das Öffnen der beiden Druckentlastungsventile 130, 130' und damit der an den Speisdruckleitungen 120, 120' anliegende Systemdruck in Abhängigkeit der Kranausladung sowie der Kranhakenposition bzw. des damit jeweils zugelassenen Grenzmomentes am Drehwerk bestimmt wird.The opening of the
In Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann das Proportionaldruckbegrenzungsventil 140 durch einen Regler 141 geregelt werden. Insbesondere wird dabei das Proportionalventil 140 derart automatisch geregelt, daß das vom Drehwerksantrieb gemessene Haltemoment der zugelassenen Kranbelastung entspricht.In a development of the invention, the proportional
Zusätzlich zeigt
Nur in dieser Schaltstellung ist eine Betätigung der beiden Druckentlastungsventile 130, 130' über das Druckbegrenzungsventil 140 überhaupt möglich. Im nicht geschalteten Zustand ist demgegenüber die Ausgangsleitung des Druckbegrenzungsventils 140 gesperrt, das Druckniveau in den Systemdruckleitungen 120, 120' des Hydromotors 110 wird folglich ausschließlich von der nicht dargestellten Hydraulikpumpe bestimmt. Folglich läßt sich die Funktion der Überlastsicherung über das Wegeventil 150 bequem an- und abschalten.Only in this switching position, an actuation of the two
Zusätzlich umfaßt das Schaltventil 150 einen Stellungssensor bzw. Schalter 151, der die Stellung des Schalters 150 angibt und vom System kontrolliert wird, so daß eine Fehlerüberwachung ermöglicht ist.In addition, the switching
Die Überlastsicherung kann beispielsweise deaktiviert sein, wenn sich der Lasthaken oberhalb der Plattform 20 befindet. Andererseits kann die Überlastsicherung dann aktiviert werden und das Haltemoment am Drehwerk 30 abhängig von der Ausladung und Position des Hakens reduziert werden, wenn sich der Lasthaken unterhalb oder außerhalb der Plattform 20 in einer Stellung befindet, die ein erhöhtes Gefährdungspotential für das Auslegersystem bzw. den Kran 10 bedeuten könnte.The overload protection can be deactivated, for example, if the load hook is located above the
Claims (10)
- A crane, in particular an offshore crane, having a slewing gear (30) and a hydraulic slewing gear drive, wherein the slewing gear (30) is held in its position via a holding torque applied by the hydraulic slewing gear drive,
wherein an overload safety device is provided having at least one pressure relief valve,
characterized in that
the overload safety device has at least one detection means for detecting the outreach and/or the position of the crane hook,
wherein the system pressure applied to the hydraulic slewing gear drive can be regulated via the at least one pressure relief valve (130; 130') in dependence on the outreach and/or on the position of the crane hook. - A crane in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that in the non-opened state of the pressure relief valve or valves (130, 130') the holding torque is defined by the pressure setting of a hydraulic pump connected to the system pressure line (120, 120') and in the open state of the pressure relief valve or valves (130, 130') the feed and backflow of the system pressure line (120, 120') is bypassed to the slewing gear drive.
- A crane in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the overload safety device has at least one pressure limiting valve (140), in particular a proportional pressure limiting valve, whose outlet pressure is switched as a control pressure to at least one or all pressure relief valves (130, 130').
- A crane in accordance with claim 3, characterized in that the pressure limiting valve (140) can be regulated and the overload safety device regulates the control pressure of at least one or all pressure relief valves (130, 130') via the pressure limiting valve (140) in dependence on the detected outreach and/or position of the crane hook.
- A crane in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control line of at least one or all pressure relief valves (130, 130') is connected to the system pressure line (120, 120') of the slewing gear drive via at least one check valve, is in particular connected to the feed and backflow of the system pressure line (120, 120') of the hydraulic slewing gear drive via a respective check valve.
- A crane in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydraulic slewing gear drive has at least one hydraulic motor (110) and at least one hydraulic holding brake which apply the holding torque singly or in combination.
- A crane in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the system pressure can be set in dependence on a definable limit holding torque.
- A crane in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one pressure relief valve (130; 130') is designed in cartridge construction.
- A crane in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one on/off valve (150) is provided which blocks at least one pressure limiting valve (140) of at least one or all pressure relief valves in the non-controlled state.
- A crane in accordance with claim 9, characterized in that the on/off valve (150) has at least one switch position monitoring means.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102011105819A DE102011105819A1 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2011-05-27 | Crane with overload protection |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2527286A1 EP2527286A1 (en) | 2012-11-28 |
EP2527286B1 true EP2527286B1 (en) | 2015-07-08 |
Family
ID=46229139
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP12003877.3A Active EP2527286B1 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2012-05-16 | Crane with overload protection |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11192762B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2527286B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN202671076U (en) |
DE (1) | DE102011105819A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8831787B2 (en) * | 2007-11-26 | 2014-09-09 | Safeworks, Llc | Power sensor |
DE102013005936A1 (en) * | 2013-04-05 | 2014-10-09 | Liebherr-Werk Biberach Gmbh | crane |
CN111943048B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2023-04-11 | 湖南双达机电有限责任公司 | Control method and control system of hoisting machinery, hydraulic system and hoisting machinery |
JP2022079903A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2022-05-27 | コベルコ建機株式会社 | Crane and crane control method |
DE102021103488A1 (en) * | 2021-02-15 | 2022-08-18 | Liebherr-Werk Nenzing Gmbh | Device and method for controlling a crane slewing gear and crane |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3690387A (en) * | 1971-02-16 | 1972-09-12 | Bouligny Inc R H | Boom rotation brake release means for derricks |
US3814265A (en) * | 1973-08-20 | 1974-06-04 | Harnischfeger Corp | Hydraulic crane control system having means for deactivating control valves when operating limit is exceeded |
US4100973A (en) * | 1976-04-05 | 1978-07-18 | Altec Industries, Inc. | Side load protection arrangement for rotating equipment |
US5062266A (en) * | 1990-08-23 | 1991-11-05 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Slewing control device for crane |
WO1999024730A1 (en) * | 1997-11-06 | 1999-05-20 | Imo Industrie-Antriebseinheit Stoll & Russ Gmbh | Rotating drive unit with an overload cut-out |
JP3884178B2 (en) * | 1998-11-27 | 2007-02-21 | 日立建機株式会社 | Swing control device |
US6505574B1 (en) * | 2001-09-05 | 2003-01-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Vertical motion compensation for a crane's load |
DE102005034677A1 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2007-02-01 | Liebherr-Werk Nenzing Gmbh, Nenzing | crane |
DE102009035197A1 (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2011-02-17 | Liebherr-Werk Biberach Gmbh | Drive unit with overload protection for driving a sprocket |
DE202012009167U1 (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2014-01-08 | Liebherr-Werk Biberach Gmbh | crane |
-
2011
- 2011-05-27 DE DE102011105819A patent/DE102011105819A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2012
- 2012-05-16 EP EP12003877.3A patent/EP2527286B1/en active Active
- 2012-05-24 US US13/480,088 patent/US11192762B2/en active Active
- 2012-05-28 CN CN2012202453977U patent/CN202671076U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN202671076U (en) | 2013-01-16 |
EP2527286A1 (en) | 2012-11-28 |
US11192762B2 (en) | 2021-12-07 |
US20120298608A1 (en) | 2012-11-29 |
DE102011105819A1 (en) | 2012-11-29 |
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