EP2505762A2 - Drilling device and method for horizontal drilling - Google Patents

Abstract

The drilling device (10) comprises a drilling head (20) and a drilling rod (30), on whose borehole- sided end, the drilling head is arranged. An inner rod (32) is provided, which is driven by a rotary drive (62) in a rotating manner, where an outer rod (34) is driven by another rotary drive (64). A control device is provided, by which the former and latter rotary drives are controlled and are adjusted independent to each other. A marking unit is arranged on an end of a drilling rod unit of the inner rod or the outer rod that is averted from the drilling head. An independent claim is included for a method for creating a horizontal drill hole with a drilling device.

Description

The invention relates to a drilling device for horizontal drilling with a drill head, a drill pipe, is arranged at the drillhole end of the drill head, and a drive device, which is arranged at the other end of the drill string and is designed for rotary drive and feed drive of the drill string, wherein the drill string a External linkage and a rotatably mounted relative thereto inner linkage, which are each composed of at least two drill string elements, between which an annular space for guiding a rinsing liquid is formed by a rotary connection to the drill head, the inner rod comprises a straightening space, which extends from the drive means to a extends in the directional space at least part of a target device for directional control of the drill head, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for creating a substantially horizontal wellbore with such a drilling device.

Horizontal drilling is used to lay pipes, pipes, channels, etc. in the ground without having to create a trench over the entire laying length. For horizontal drilling a variety of drilling devices are known. Thus, horizontal drilling devices are often based on the principle of positive displacement drilling, wherein a drill head laterally displaces existing soil material and thus generates the borehole. However, such drilling devices are only suitable for relatively soft soil conditions.

Furthermore, it is known to use starting from a working shaft for horizontal drilling a auger with surrounding support tube. About cutting tools soil or rock material is processed on the drill head. The processed soil material can then be discharged via a rotating driven screw conveyor.

One problem with all horizontal drilling operations is precisely controlling the drill bit. For example, when horizontal drilling for laying cables or shafts in a downtown area this must be done very accurately. Otherwise, there is a risk that already laid cables, shafts or channels or foundations of buildings are damaged.

A generic drilling device is from the DE 101 16 103 A1 known. To control the horizontal drilling process, an inner drill string with the drill head is surrounded by an outer control rod linkage. The control tube linkage has a radially offset to the drilling axis guide section. For control purposes, the control linkage can rotate with the drill string in synchronism or be decoupled from it. For this purpose, a dog clutch is provided on the common drive, with which by an axial coupling movement, the control linkage can be connected to the output of the drive or decoupled.

From the DE 10 2005 011 968 A1 shows a drilling device, which has an inner rod with a downhole hammer and an outer rod. There are provided a rotary drive and a pressure drive. Inside the inner boom, an optical lane for measurement is formed, wherein the outer linkage has an asymmetric slope for control.

From the US RE 37,975 E shows a further horizontal drilling device, in which a drive unit is movable together with the drill string on a carriage. For control, the drill bit has an asymmetric cutting edge.

The invention has for its object to provide a drilling apparatus and a method for horizontal drilling, which can be used in hard soil or rock for positionally accurate drilling.

The object is achieved according to the invention by a drilling apparatus having the features of claim 1 and by a method having the features of claim 11. Preferred embodiments are given in the respective dependent claims.

The drilling apparatus according to the invention is characterized in that the inner linkage of a first rotary drive and the outer linkage are rotationally driven by a second rotary drive, that a control device is provided, through which the first rotary drive and the second rotary drive are independently adjustable and controllable that each drill string element at its drill head end has an adjusting device by which a defined mounting position of a drill string element of the inner linkage is set to a surrounding drill string element of the outer linkage, and that at the end facing away from the drill head of the drill string elements at least the inner linkage or the outer linkage, a marking element is arranged through which the Location of the drill string element relative to the drill head can be seen.

One aspect of the invention is based on using a drill head for material removal. However, the removed soil material is not carried away by a screw conveyor, but by the supply of rinsing liquid. The flushing liquid is passed through an annular space between the outer rod and the inner rod to the drill head. The discharge of the excavated soil material can be done either by a separate line within the drill string or preferably along the outside of the drill string.

Another aspect of the invention is that an interior of the inner rod remains free and thus can be used as a leveling space for control and directional control of the drill head. This straightening space extends from the drive device outside the borehole to near the drill head. It is about an optical direction control possible. However, it can also be done in another way directional control by means of the directional space, for example by a directional linkage or a directional wire, which are arranged along the directional space. Other directional controls using the directional space are possible.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the outer linkage and the inner linkage are each driven by a separate rotary drive, which are independently controllable in particular with regard to speed and direction of rotation. This allows the two linkages in synchronism or in any Be driven different way to each other. This allows a very precise direction control.

For exact direction control, it is advantageous in composite drill pipes that the individual linkage elements are each mounted in a precisely defined mounting position by means of corresponding alignment devices and marking elements.

It is created a drilling device, which can be used by a material-removing drill head in hard soil and rock. The rinse liquid cools the drill head and flushes the removed soil material out of the borehole. In this case, the rinsing liquid is supplied so that an internal straightening space remains in the drill string, with which a very accurate, reliable control of the drill head is possible.

It is envisaged that the outer rod is rotatably mounted relative to the inner rod and that the drill head is attached to the inner rod. The decisive for the drilling rotary motion is transmitted through the inner rod, so that a relatively low wear of the rotationally driven inner linkage is achieved.

Furthermore, it is provided according to the invention in an advantageous manner that the drill head is designed to create a borehole with a drill diameter, which is designed to form a return clearance for the rinsing liquid greater than an outer diameter of the outer rod. The backflow of the flushing fluid on the outside of the drill string causes cooling and wear reduction. The backflow flushing fluid with the cuttings can be taken at the end of the borehole, for example by a drip pan. From this drip tray, the discharged material can be removed by pump.

In principle, the drill head can be designed with the widest variety of drilling and cutting tools. According to the invention, it is particularly preferred that the drill head has, as drilling tools, roller bits which are mounted rotatably about roller axes on a drill head base. Such roller bits have roller-shaped Basic body with arranged on it cutting on. These serve in particular for processing hard soil material as well as rock.

Furthermore, it is preferred according to the invention that at least one outlet opening is arranged on the drill head for the discharge of the rinsing liquid, which is connected to the annular space. The outlet opening is formed in particular on the plate-shaped drill head base. The outlet opening may also be formed as an outlet nozzle, so that the rinsing liquid and the pressure is supplied and exits as a liquid jet at the drill head. This can assist in loosening soil material as well as flushing out the drilling tools.

For a positionally accurate drilling, it is according to the invention that the control device is provided for controlling the direction of the drilling device. With the control device, the position of the drill head can be changed defined. For this purpose, a variety of controls are possible, such as displayable control plates. Preferably, the control is effected by the same or unequal rotational driving of the outer linkage and the inner linkage.

A particularly simple and advantageous control option according to the invention is that for controlling at least one Steuerkufe, which is arranged on the outside of the outer linkage, and a twisting device is provided, with which for controlling the drilling device, the outer linkage with the Steuerkufe against the inner linkage rotatable is. For directional corrections, the outer linkage is rotated until the control link is at a position which is 180 ° offset from the direction to which the drilling device is to be deflected. The further drilling progress is now carried out without rotation of the outer linkage, so that the drilling device evades in the opposite direction due to the additional resistance of the radially extended Steuerkufe. With further rotational drive of the inner linkage and propulsion of the borehole is thus carried out by the Steuerkufe a deflection in a gentle curve, wherein the roller bit degrades the entire surface of the working face. Once the desired deflection has been achieved, the outer rod and the inner rod are turned together again or the control cam is retracted radially.

Furthermore, it is preferable for a good control that the aiming device in the aiming space has a target table which is arranged on the closing element, and in that a target device for determining a positional deviation of the target table from a target position is furthermore arranged on one end of the target area opposite the target table. The target plate can be in particular a marker, which is preferably illuminated. This can be done, for example, by corresponding light-emitting diodes in the target plate, which represents the actual target mark. The target device is in particular an optically operating target device, which is thus arranged independently of the drill string and can detect deviations of the drill head and the associated target plate from a desired position.

It is particularly preferred according to the invention that the target device has a theodolite and a camera. A theodolite is an optical measuring device for position determination, which is well known from other applications for surveying. Targeting can be done from outside the borehole via a camera and transmitted to any control unit remote from the borehole. The theodolite specifies a nominal or directional axis. The target mark of the target board lies in the directional axis. If the drill head is deflected, the target marker moves out of the directional axis and triggers a corresponding counter-control until the target marker is back on the directional axis.

Deviations can thus be detected electronically without further ado, whereby position deviations then automatically effect a corresponding directional correction via the control device. However, the direction correction may also be effected manually by an operator based on, for example, a screen display.

Furthermore, it is advantageous according to the invention that the drive device in addition to a first rotary drive for the inner rod and a second rotary drive for the outer rod also has an axial drive for a feed in the drilling direction. The two rotary actuators are designed in the usual way as hydraulic drives. For the axial drive, a so-called step drive with an adjustable slide is preferably provided, which can be moved by means of at least one hydraulic cylinder in a guide frame by a predetermined step length. On the movable carriage, the drill string is attached. The step length of the axial drive is the same size or slightly larger than the length of the sections of the drill string. In this way, even longer holes be created by assembling the drill string from a variety of Bohrgestängeschüssen.

It is provided according to the invention that the drill string is constructed of drill string elements each having end-side connecting means and that in the annular space, at least in the region of the drive-side connecting device, a partially annular blocking plate is arranged. When installing a new drill pipe element or when dismantling the drill string, the respective assembly process takes place in a rotational position in which the opening of the partial ring or C-shaped locking plate is directed upward. It is thus prevented that flushing liquid in the annular space of the drill string during assembly exits the drill pipe in larger quantities. The connecting means may comprise wedge couplings with corresponding axial fuses or threaded connections in a known manner. In each drill string element is preferably a bearing, with which the outer rod is rotatably mounted relative to the inner rod.

The object is further achieved by a method for creating a substantially horizontal borehole with the drilling device described above, wherein it is provided that during drilling a flushing liquid is passed through the annular space between the outer rod and the inner rod to the drill head. It is so a drilling method with rinsing fluid through the interior allows, but at the same time the central interior of the drill string remains free for directional control. For controlling the drilling apparatus, the inner linkage is rotationally driven by a first rotary drive and the outer linkage is driven by a second rotary drive, wherein each rotation of the rotary drives is set and controlled independently of each other.

A preferred embodiment of the method is that the rinsing liquid is discharged with the drilled soil material via a return clearance, which is formed between a borehole wall and the outer rod. As a result, cooling of the drill string and improved lubrication and thus a reduction in wear is achieved.

Furthermore, it is advantageous that the drive device is arranged in a shaft at a level of the borehole to be created. This is done by the soil surface first buried in the ground a working or starting shaft, which can accommodate the drive device. In this case, the drive device is arranged at a depth which corresponds approximately to the depth level of the borehole to be created. The drilling device with the drive device is then aligned accordingly in the drilling direction. During drilling, necessary directional corrections can be made.

A simple and accurate control is inventively achieved in that the drilling device is controlled by a rotation of the outer linkage with a Steuerkufe against the inner linkage. Preferably, the control skid may be radially extendable when a direction correction has to be made. If the control skid protrudes radially, the outer tube can be stationary relative to the inner tube in order to correct the direction. Unless directional correction is required, the outer linkage and inner linkage are otherwise synchronously driven so that the control link provides uniform circumferential resistance during the common rotational motion.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Bohrvorrichtung;

Fig. 2

eine schematische Draufsicht mit Teilquerschnitten auf die Antriebseinrichtung der Bohrvorrichtung von Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

eine schematische Querschnittsansicht des Bohrkopfes und des Bohrgestänges;

Fig. 4

eine vergrößerte Querschnittsansicht des Bohrkopfes am Bohrgestänge und

Fig. 5

eine schematische Teilquerschnittsansicht durch ein Bohrgestänge mit Bohrkopf und Antriebseinheiten.

The invention will be further elucidated on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiments, which are shown schematically in the drawings. In the drawings show:

Fig. 1

a perspective view of the drilling device according to the invention;

Fig. 2

a schematic plan view with partial cross-sections of the drive device of the drilling device of Fig. 1 ;

Fig. 3

a schematic cross-sectional view of the drill head and the drill string;

Fig. 4

an enlarged cross-sectional view of the drill head on the drill pipe and

Fig. 5

a schematic partial cross-sectional view through a drill pipe with drill head and drive units.

According to Fig. 1 For example, a drilling device 10 according to the invention has a support frame 70, which is arranged for horizontal drilling in a working shaft. The support frame 70 comprises vertical supports 74 between which two guide rails 72 are arranged horizontally parallel to the drilling axis. On the guide rails 72, a drive slide 66 is mounted axially displaceable as part of the drive means 60. For the axial movement of the drive carriage 66, an axial drive 68 is provided with two actuating cylinders 69 arranged parallel to the guide rails 72. The actuating cylinder 69 are based on the one hand on a rear support plate 76 and on the other hand on the drive carriage 66 from.

On the drive carriage 66, a first rotary drive 62 are mounted for driving an inner linkage 32 and a second rotary drive 64 mounted in the drilling direction in front of it, which is designed to drive an outer linkage 34. The outer linkage 34 and the inner linkage 32 disposed coaxially therein form the drill pipe 30, at the front end of which a drill bit 20 for excavating soil material is secured. At the rear end of the drill string 30 in front of the second rotary drive 64, a rotary connection 38, also called flushing head, is arranged. The rotary connection 38 serves to connect a rinsing fluid line, not shown, to guide rinsing fluid through the drill pipe 30 to the drill head 20.

The drive device 60 is in Fig. 2 again shown in more detail. The first rotary drive 62 and the second rotary drive 64 are formed with a hollow drive shaft, so that within the tubular inner rod 32 a straightening space 40 remains. This directional space 40 is open to the rear, drive-side end, so that a direction control can be carried out via a highly schematically indicated optical target device through the centric directional space 40. The target device 54 is arranged in a receiving space behind the first rotary drive 32 and preferably supported by means of an adjusting device on the support frame 70.

The outer rod 34 is coaxial with the drilling axis 21 and spaced from the inner rod 32, so that between the inner rod 32 and the outer rod 34, an annular space 36 is formed. Rinsing liquid can be conducted into the annular space 36 via the rotary connection 38 with the radial inlet opening 39.

In Fig. 3 the drill head 20 is shown in more detail. This has a drill head base 26, on which a plurality of roller bits 22 arranged transversely to the drilling axis 21 Roller axles 24 are rotatably mounted. The drill head base 26 has a cone region with which the drill head base 26 is detachably inserted in a sleeve-shaped adapter 27 with a corresponding cone-shaped receiving bore. The adapter 27 is in turn releasably secured by means of a shaft nut 15 to the inner drive shaft 13 which is rotatably connected to the inner rod 32. The adapter 27 is mounted on its outer side in a retaining sleeve 27, which is welded via a cover 14 to an outer end linkage 12, which in turn is non-rotatably connected to the outer linkage 34. By means of the adapter 27, the drill head 20 can be changed quickly and replaced by a larger diameter drill head for an extension hole.

The connection to the outer linkage via a rear outer ring 17 and with respect to the tubular drive shaft 13 via an inner ring 16, which together form a connection means 42 for the drill pipe 30. Between the inner drive shaft 13 and the radially spaced end linkage 12 of extending along the drill string annulus 36 is continued, the annular space 36 opens on the lid 14 via a transverse channel 18 in an outlet opening 28 to the drill head 20 back. The flow of the rinsing liquid through the annular space 36 to the drill head 20 is shown schematically by arrows.

The rotatably mounted within the end linkage 12 drive shaft 13 has an inner cavity, which continues the directional space 40 of the drill string 30. At the drill head end of the straightening space 40, a closing element 41 is fixed, at its facing the directional space 40 end face a target plate 52 is arranged with a target marking for the target device 54 for forming the target device 50.

According to Fig. 4 The outer diameter d2 of the holding sleeve 29, the lid 14 and the outer linkage 34, not shown, is smaller than the diameter d1, which is generated by the rotating roller chisel 22 becomes. As a result, a free space is created between the borehole wall and the outer diameter of the outer linkage 34, which space serves for the return flow of the rinsing liquid. On the outer linkage or, as shown in the present example, on the outer end linkage 12, a by the amount a radially projecting Steuerkufe 35 formed at a certain peripheral portion. The strip-shaped control skid 35 extends parallel to the drilling axis 21 and, when this is not rotated with the inner rod 32 causes a deviation of the drill head 20 in the radially opposite direction.

The overall arrangement of the drilling device 10 is again schematically in FIG Fig. 5 shown. The tubular inner rod 32 is connected via a driver 63 to the first rotary drive 62, while the outer rod 34 is connected via a second driver 65 to the second rotary drive 64. Towards the rear of the drives, the annular space 36 is sealed to the rear via a sleeve-shaped end seal 37. The drill string 30 may be assembled from any number of drill pipe elements 31 by means of connectors 42. The connecting devices 42 have inner connecting elements 46 and outer connecting elements 47, which are each formed corresponding to the corresponding connecting elements of the adjacent linkage elements 31. At the connecting elements 46, 47 approximately recesses or projections of the adjusting device are provided, through which an installation position of the inner rod 32 to the outer rod 34 is recognizable and defined. It can thus be determined from outside the borehole at which rotational position the control skid 35 is located.

The rotationally driven inner linkage 32 is rotatably supported by annular slide bearings 44 in the likewise externally movable linkage 34. The plain bearings 44 have openings for the passage of the rinsing liquid. For mounting and dismounting of the linkage elements 31, the annular space is in each case partially closed off to the end sides of the linkage element 31 via a C-shaped blocking plate 48. The blocking plate 48 has a breakthrough for the passage of liquid at a peripheral portion. According to the provided on the outside of the drill pipe 30 marking element 45, such as a recess or a projection, this breakthrough is arranged so that it faces up during assembly or disassembly, so that little or no liquid exits the annular space 36 during the assembly process , The marking element 45 also indicates the position of the drill head 20 to the rear.

A corresponding marking element can also be arranged on the linkage elements 31 of the inner linkage 32. The marker elements may also ensure that the individual adjacent linkage elements 31 are mounted in a single defined position relative to each other.

Starting from the in Fig. 1 shown retraction position, the drill pipe 30 is driven to rotate, while the drive carriage 66 is moved by the axial drive 68 axially forward into the ground. As soon as the drive slide 66 has reached its front end position, the connection device 42 is released in front of the rotary connection 38, so that the drill drive slide 66 can be reset again with the axial drive 68. It is now possible to connect another drill pipe element 31 to the rotary drives 62, 64 on the drive carriage 66. At the same time there is a connection of the introduced into the wellbore drill pipe element 31, so that now the drill pipe 30 is extended by a further drill pipe element 31. It can now take place another drilling step.

These drilling steps are repeated until the desired drilling length is reached. For disassembly of the drill pipe 30 is moved accordingly in reverse order.

Claims (14)

Drilling device for horizontal drilling with a boring head (20), - A drill pipe (30), at the boreholeseitigem end a drill head (20) is arranged, and a drive device (60), which is arranged at the other end of the drill pipe (30) and designed for the rotary drive and feed drive of the drill pipe (30), - wherein the drill string (30) has an outer rod (34) and a rotatably mounted inner linkage (32), which are each constructed of at least two drill pipe elements (31), between which an annular space (36) for conducting a rinsing liquid from a rotary connection (38) is formed to the drill head (20), - The inner rod (32) comprises a straightening space (40) which extends from the drive means (60) to a drill head end member (41), and - in the directional space (40) at least a part of a target device (50) for directional control of the drill head (20) is arranged,
characterized, in that the inner linkage (32) is rotationally driven by a first rotary drive (62) and the outer linkage (34) is driven by a second rotary drive (64), - That a control device is provided, by which the first rotary drive (62) and the second rotary drive (64) are independently adjustable and controllable, - That each drill pipe element (31) has at its drill head end an adjusting device by which a defined mounting position of a drill string element (31) of the inner rod (32) to a surrounding drill string element (31) of the outer rod (34) is predetermined, and in that a marking element (45) is arranged at the end of the drill pipe elements (31) facing away from the drill head (20) at least of the inner linkage (32) or the outer linkage (34), by which the position of the drill pipe element (31) relative to the drill head (20 ) is recognizable. Drilling device according to claim 1,
characterized,
in that the drill head (20) is attached to the inner rod (32). Drilling device according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the drill head (20) is designed to create a borehole having a drill diameter, which is designed for forming a return free space for the flushing liquid is greater than an outer diameter of the outer rod (34). Drilling device according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
that the drill head (20) as a drilling tool roller bits (22) which are mounted on a drill head base (26) for rotation about roller axes (24). Drilling device according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized,
in that at least one outlet opening (28), which is connected to the annular space (36), is arranged on the drill head (20) for the outlet of the rinsing liquid. Drilling device according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized,
in that for controlling the drilling device (10) at least one control runner (35) which is arranged on the outer side of the outer linkage (34) and a twisting device are provided, with which for controlling the drilling device (10) the outer linkage (34) with the control runner (35) relative to the inner rod (32) is rotatable. Drilling device according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized,
that the aiming device (50) in the straightening space (40) has a target plate (52) which is arranged on the closing element (41), and
in that a target device (54) for determining a positional deviation of the target plate (52) from a desired position is furthermore arranged on an end of the straightening space (40) opposite the target plate (52). Drilling device according to claim 7,
characterized,
that the target device (54) comprises a theodolite and a camera. Drilling device according to one of claims 1 to 8,
characterized,
in that the drive device (60) further has an axial drive (66) for advancing in the direction of drilling advancement. Drilling device according to one of claims 1 to 9,
characterized,
that the drill pipe elements (31) are each provided with end-side connecting means (42) and
that in the annular space (36) at least in the region of the drive-side coupling means (42) has a partially annular locking plate (48) is arranged. Method for producing a substantially horizontal borehole with a boring device (10) according to one of claims 1 to 10,
characterized,
that during drilling a flushing liquid is passed through the annular space (36) between the outer rod (34) and the inner rod (32) to the drill head (20). Method according to claim 11,
characterized,
that the rinsing liquid is discharged with the drilled soil material via a return clearance, which is formed between a borehole wall and the outer rod (34). Method according to claim 11 or 12,
characterized,
in that the drive device (60) is arranged in a shaft at a level of the borehole to be created. Method according to one of claims 11 to 13,
characterized,
in that the drilling device (10) is controlled by a rotation of the outer linkage (34) with a control skid (35) relative to the inner linkage (32).

Images