EP2475807B1 - Cathode shell structure - Google Patents
Cathode shell structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2475807B1 EP2475807B1 EP10814008.8A EP10814008A EP2475807B1 EP 2475807 B1 EP2475807 B1 EP 2475807B1 EP 10814008 A EP10814008 A EP 10814008A EP 2475807 B1 EP2475807 B1 EP 2475807B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shell
- accordance
- shell structure
- apertures
- cathode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000003351 stiffener Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009626 Hall-Héroult process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010339 dilation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
- C25C3/085—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes characterised by its non electrically conducting heat insulating parts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cathode shell structure for an aluminium electrolysis cell.
- Electrolysis cells for aluminium production based upon the Hall-Héroult principle commonly have prebaked anodes in its upper part and a cathode structure in its lower part.
- the cathode structure comprises mainly an outer steel shell provided with vertical stiffeners and horizontal beams at its outside which are made out of steel too, the cathode structure further being provided with layers of protective and insulating material at its inside.
- In the mainly horizontal bottom part of the cathode structure there is commonly arranged electronic conducting carbon blocks.
- the cathode structure when in operation contains a molten aluminium metal pad and above that molten bath material having temperatures that can be approximately 970° or even higher.
- the main feature of the outer steel shell including its stiffeners and beams is to maintain the geometric and dimensional configuration of the cathode structure during its lifetime of operation. Due to continuous chemical swelling of the cathode and lining as well the high temperatures involved and the effect this has on the properties of lining and steel components involved, several attempts have been carried out to make the steel shell structure and the configuration of stiffeners able to withstand this influence in a long lasting manner.
- RU 2 294 404 C1 describes a cathode device of an aluminium electrolysis cell. I. Eick et al., Light Metals, TMS Annual Meeting, Proceedings of the Technical Sessions, 1999, p. 339-345 describes the dimensioning of cooling fins for high-amperage reduction cells.
- CN 1442513 A describes heat radiating plates welded to the external surface of an electrolytic bath shell.
- US 4087345 disclose a cathode structure designed to be cooled by natural cooling and where there are arranged ducts or passages between vertical stiffeners outside the cathode shell for allowing an upward draught of air.
- Horizontal beams arranged as a part of the stiffening structure are arranged onto the outside of the vertical stiffeners.
- thermal expansion and twisting or torsion based deviation of the vertical members may cause insufficient structural stability of the steel shell.
- US 4,322,282 disclose a tank for an electrolytic cell provided with horizontal movable hollow sections secured to the sidewalls of the metal tank.
- the sections bend inwards as a result of the temperature gradient across them such that they counter a pressure on the sidewalls due to the dilation of the cell contents, thus acting as a thermo-spring.
- There is provided holes in opposing horizontal walls of the hollow section so as to reduce thermal conduction within the sections and thereby maintain the temperature gradient therein. The circulation of air which results, helps further to achieve and maintain the temperature difference.
- At least one horizontal web is arranged in contact with the steel shell without intermediate vertical members that may, as a result of thermal loads, alter their geometric configuration.
- the web has apertures facing the shell.
- a quart of a pot shell structure 1 where the steel plates are not shown.
- One half of an end wall 2 and correspondingly one half of a side wall 3 as well as a quart of a bottom 4 haven been disclosed.
- the end wall comprises as its main constituents a deck plate 7, vertical stiffeners 8, 8', 8", 8"', one horizontal web 9 and a reinforcing bracing flange 10.
- the side wall 3 comprises a deck plate 11, vertical structural elements 6, 6', 6", 6"', 6"", 6""', 6""" which in fact is a part of a cradle structure 12, together with corresponding horizontal beams 5, 5', 5", 5"', 5"", 5""', 5"”” that are fixedly interconnected with the said vertical structural elements. Further, the side wall 3 comprises a plurality of vertical stiffeners 13, 14, 15 which additionally acts as cooling fins.
- Figure 2 discloses in a 3 D view the end wall structure 2 as partly shown in Fig. 1 , here in its full extension and where the deck plate has been removed.
- the reinforcing bracing flange 10 represents the outermost element of the end wall structure.
- the bracing flange is further attached to the side walls and the vertical structural element 6""" of the cradle structure closest to this end.
- the mainly horizontal web 9 which outer periphery fits the shape of the bracing web,
- the end wall structure further comprises vertical stiffeners 8, 8', 8", 8'", 8"", 8""', 8""".
- the number of stiffeners is a function of the shell width and anticipating inner forces.
- These stiffeners are integrated in the horizontal web 9 by any appropriate manufacturing method.
- the web 9 can have slots adapted to the stiffeners that are subsequently fixed to the web, for instance by welding.
- One other method can be to manufacture the web 9 in appropriate pieces or plates that abut the stiffeners and which subsequently are fixed to the stiffeners.
- the vertical stiffeners are provided with a flange at their outer side. A part of such a flange is indicated at 8a' in stiffener 8', One purpose of this flange is to enhance bending and torsion stiffness in the stiffener with regard to occurring loads.
- the inner side of the stiffener is fixed to the steel plate(s) of the pot shell by appropriate means, for instance welding.
- the stiffeners are connected to an extension of the bottom plate of the shell (not shown), to enhance stiffness in the end wall.
- the horizontal web 9 is provided with several holes or apertures 16, 16', 16", 16"', 16"", 16""', 16""", 16"""'. These apertures are made sufficiently wide and deep to reduce the presence of the horizontal web with regard to ventilation.
- the apertures are made semi-circular or semi-elliptical or polygonal and are represented by discrete cut-outs at the side edge of the web.
- the bridging or protruding parts of the web between neighbouring recesses, are connected to the pot shell by appropriate means, for instance welding.
- end wall structure may have two horizontal webs of the type 9 that are spaced apart (not shown).
- FIG. 4 An air flow pattern in accordance with such arrangement is shown in Fig. 4 . It can clearly be seen that the air flow is directed upwards along the shell wall and through the ventilation holes or apertures of type 16.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to a cathode shell structure for an aluminium electrolysis cell.
- Electrolysis cells for aluminium production based upon the Hall-Héroult principle commonly have prebaked anodes in its upper part and a cathode structure in its lower part. The cathode structure comprises mainly an outer steel shell provided with vertical stiffeners and horizontal beams at its outside which are made out of steel too, the cathode structure further being provided with layers of protective and insulating material at its inside. In the mainly horizontal bottom part of the cathode structure there is commonly arranged electronic conducting carbon blocks. The cathode structure when in operation, contains a molten aluminium metal pad and above that molten bath material having temperatures that can be approximately 970° or even higher.
- The main feature of the outer steel shell including its stiffeners and beams is to maintain the geometric and dimensional configuration of the cathode structure during its lifetime of operation. Due to continuous chemical swelling of the cathode and lining as well the high temperatures involved and the effect this has on the properties of lining and steel components involved, several attempts have been carried out to make the steel shell structure and the configuration of stiffeners able to withstand this influence in a long lasting manner.
- For instance, appropriate cooling may relieve some of the harmful effects of the temperature in the steel shell to prevent aging of the steel and collapsing of mechanical properties like strength, elasticity, etc. In the prior art there are examples of arrangements for natural cooling by designing the stiffening structure in a manner that allows surrounding air to pass close to the shell structure.
RU 2 294 404 C1CN 1442513 A describes heat radiating plates welded to the external surface of an electrolytic bath shell.US 4087345 disclose a cathode structure designed to be cooled by natural cooling and where there are arranged ducts or passages between vertical stiffeners outside the cathode shell for allowing an upward draught of air. Horizontal beams arranged as a part of the stiffening structure are arranged onto the outside of the vertical stiffeners. - Due to the high thermal loads in modern electrolysis cells with amperages approaching 400 kA or even more, thermal expansion and twisting or torsion based deviation of the vertical members may cause insufficient structural stability of the steel shell.
-
US 4,322,282 disclose a tank for an electrolytic cell provided with horizontal movable hollow sections secured to the sidewalls of the metal tank. The sections bend inwards as a result of the temperature gradient across them such that they counter a pressure on the sidewalls due to the dilation of the cell contents, thus acting as a thermo-spring. There is provided holes in opposing horizontal walls of the hollow section so as to reduce thermal conduction within the sections and thereby maintain the temperature gradient therein. The circulation of air which results, helps further to achieve and maintain the temperature difference. - However, due to the rather small holes placed in the two opposing horizontal walls, the hollow section will restrict heavily the natural upward draught along the steel shell. Simulations show that flow inside the hollow section will be partly vertical and partly circulating, resulting in less heat transport from the hollow section. In particular, flow close to the shell will be partly directed downward and give scarce cooling in this region. This is further illustrated in
Fig. 3 . - In accordance to the present invention, at least one horizontal web is arranged in contact with the steel shell without intermediate vertical members that may, as a result of thermal loads, alter their geometric configuration. To reduce or eliminate the negative effect of arranging horizontal webs in direct contact with the steel plates (shell), there are made provisions for adequate cooling of these webs and the plates itself. With the present invention there is achieved a stable and cost effective solution with regard to the negative phenomenon of ageing and geometrical/dimensional deviation in the structural components of the pot shell. The web has apertures facing the shell.
- These and further advantages can be achieved in accordance to the invention as described in the accompanying patent claims.
- In the following, the invention shall be further described by examples and figures where:
- Fig. 1
- discloses a three dimensional view of a quart pot shell structure without the inner walls for better visibility,
- Fig. 2
- discloses a three dimensional view of an end structure of the pot shell shown in
Figure 1 without end wall and deck plate, - Fig. 3
- discloses air flow inside one hollow section of prior art type,
- Fig. 4
- discloses air flow in accordance with the present invention, through a lower and upper web.
- As can be seen from
Fig. 1 , there is shown in a 3 D view a quart of apot shell structure 1 where the steel plates are not shown. One half of anend wall 2 and correspondingly one half of a side wall 3 as well as a quart of abottom 4 haven been disclosed. The end wall comprises as its main constituents adeck plate 7,vertical stiffeners bracing flange 10. - The side wall 3 comprises a
deck plate 11, verticalstructural elements horizontal beams vertical stiffeners -
Figure 2 discloses in a 3 D view theend wall structure 2 as partly shown inFig. 1 , here in its full extension and where the deck plate has been removed. As indicated inFig. 1 , the reinforcingbracing flange 10 represents the outermost element of the end wall structure. The bracing flange is further attached to the side walls and the verticalstructural element 6""" of the cradle structure closest to this end. Inside thebracing flange 10 there is arranged the mainly horizontal web 9 which outer periphery fits the shape of the bracing web, - As indicated in
Fig. 1 , the end wall structure further comprisesvertical stiffeners - In this embodiment the vertical stiffeners are provided with a flange at their outer side. A part of such a flange is indicated at 8a' in stiffener 8', One purpose of this flange is to enhance bending and torsion stiffness in the stiffener with regard to occurring loads. The inner side of the stiffener is fixed to the steel plate(s) of the pot shell by appropriate means, for instance welding. Similarly, the stiffeners are connected to an extension of the bottom plate of the shell (not shown), to enhance stiffness in the end wall.
- To secure sufficient ventilation along the pot shell, based upon upward draught, the horizontal web 9 is provided with several holes or
apertures Figure 2 , there can be seen vertical fins 17, 17', 17", 17"', 17"", 17""', 17""", 17"""' passing through corresponding apertures. The purpose of the fins is primary to enhance cooling of the pot shell by conductance, but additional effects are guiding the flow of air as well as additional stiffening of the pot shell plates. The fins are advantageously fixed to the pot shell by appropriate means such as welding. - It should be understood that the end wall structure may have two horizontal webs of the type 9 that are spaced apart (not shown).
- An air flow pattern in accordance with such arrangement is shown in
Fig. 4 . It can clearly be seen that the air flow is directed upwards along the shell wall and through the ventilation holes or apertures oftype 16.
Claims (9)
- Cathode shell structure for an electrolysis cell for production of aluminium according to the Hall-Héroult process, said structure comprises a shell with vertical stiffeners (8) and horizontal webs (9) at its outside, and further several cradle structures (12) consisting of interconnected vertical structural elements (6) and horizontal beams (5), and at least one horizontal web (9) provided with apertures (16) facing the shell,
wherein,
the apertures (16) are represented by discrete cut-outs at the side edge of the horizontal web (9) having bridging parts (18) between them, the horizontal web (9) being connected to the shell via said bridging parts (18) whereby the apertures (16) are facing a wall of the shell and secure sufficient ventilation along the shell, based upon upward draught, the apertures (16) being sufficiently wide and deep to reduce the presence of the horizontal web (9) with regard to ventilation, and vertical fins (17') passing through corresponding apertures (16') are arranged at the outside of the shell. - Cathode shell structure in accordance with claim 1,
wherein,
the apertures (16) are semi-circular or semi-elliptical or polygonal. - Cathode shell structure in accordance with claim 1,
wherein,
a bracing flange (10) is arranged outside the horizontal web (9). - Cathode shell structure in accordance with claim 3,
wherein,
the plane of orientation of the bracing flange (10) is vertical. - Cathode shell structure in accordance with claim 3, in particular an end wall construction thereof,
wherein,
the bracing flange (10) is connected to vertical structural elements (6""") of the cradle structure (12""") closest to the end where the bracing flange is arranged. - Cathode shell structure in accordance with claim 3,
wherein,
the bottom part of the vertical stiffeners (8) are connected with an extension of the bottom plate of the shell. - Cathode shell structure in accordance with any preceding claim 1-6,
wherein,
the structural elements are made out of steel materials. - Cathode shell structure in accordance with claim 7,
wherein,
the said elements are connected to each other by welding. - Cathode shell structure in accordance with claim 1,
wherein,
it has two horizontal webs (9).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO20092968 | 2009-09-07 | ||
PCT/NO2010/000327 WO2011028132A1 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-09-03 | Cathode shell structure |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2475807A1 EP2475807A1 (en) | 2012-07-18 |
EP2475807A4 EP2475807A4 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
EP2475807B1 true EP2475807B1 (en) | 2018-02-28 |
Family
ID=43649496
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10814008.8A Active EP2475807B1 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-09-03 | Cathode shell structure |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2475807B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102549198B (en) |
AR (1) | AR078338A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2010290196B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112012005051B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2773127C (en) |
EA (1) | EA021620B1 (en) |
IN (1) | IN2012DN01944A (en) |
NO (1) | NO2475807T3 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ598998A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011028132A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201201656B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2016077932A1 (en) | 2014-11-21 | 2016-05-26 | Hatch Ltd. | Low-profile aluminum cell potshell and method for increasing the production capacity of an aluminum cell potline |
NO20141572A1 (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2016-06-24 | Norsk Hydro As | A modified electrolytic cell and a method for modifying the same |
CA2985653C (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2022-10-25 | Pultrusion Technique Inc. | Electrolytic vessel with reinforcing components |
GB2572565A (en) * | 2018-04-03 | 2019-10-09 | Dubai Aluminium Pjsc | Reinforced potshell design of an electrolytic cell suitable for the Hall-Héroult process |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU549513A1 (en) * | 1975-06-03 | 1977-03-05 | Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский и проектный институт алюминиевой, магниевой и электродной промышленности | Cathode Electrolytic Cell Housing for Aluminum |
US4087345A (en) * | 1977-07-19 | 1978-05-02 | Ardal Og Sunndal Verk A.S. | Potshell for electrolytic aluminum reduction cell |
SU1560634A1 (en) * | 1987-10-21 | 1990-04-30 | В.Г.Жучков, А.В.Степень, В.Е.Жучкова и О.Г.Шадрина | Cathode screen for aluminium electrolyzer |
SU1669997A2 (en) * | 1988-02-18 | 1991-08-15 | Государственный Ремонтно-Строительный Специализированный Трест По Ремонту, Монтажу Технологического Оборудования "Сибцветметремонт" | Cathode housing of aluminium electrolizer |
CN1208502C (en) * | 2003-04-10 | 2005-06-29 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院 | Method of enhancing heat radiation of large aluminium electrolytic bath shell |
CN2644436Y (en) * | 2003-07-18 | 2004-09-29 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Ventilation structure for end socket cell shell of aluminum cell |
RU2294404C1 (en) * | 2005-09-20 | 2007-02-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Сибирский научно-исследовательский, конструкторский и проектный институт алюминиевой и электродной промышленности" (ОАО "СибВАМИ") | Cathode device of aluminum cell |
RU2308547C1 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-10-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Русская инжиниринговая компания" | Aluminum cell cathode casing |
CN201010697Y (en) * | 2007-04-06 | 2008-01-23 | 东北大学设计研究院(有限公司) | Ventilating and cooling device for macrotype aluminum cell |
-
2010
- 2010-09-03 BR BR112012005051-6A patent/BR112012005051B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2010-09-03 WO PCT/NO2010/000327 patent/WO2011028132A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-09-03 IN IN1944DEN2012 patent/IN2012DN01944A/en unknown
- 2010-09-03 NZ NZ598998A patent/NZ598998A/en unknown
- 2010-09-03 AU AU2010290196A patent/AU2010290196B2/en active Active
- 2010-09-03 EA EA201200453A patent/EA021620B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-09-03 NO NO10814008A patent/NO2475807T3/no unknown
- 2010-09-03 EP EP10814008.8A patent/EP2475807B1/en active Active
- 2010-09-03 CN CN201080039921.9A patent/CN102549198B/en active Active
- 2010-09-03 CA CA2773127A patent/CA2773127C/en active Active
- 2010-09-06 AR ARP100103263 patent/AR078338A1/en active IP Right Grant
-
2012
- 2012-03-06 ZA ZA2012/01656A patent/ZA201201656B/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2010290196A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
BR112012005051A2 (en) | 2016-05-03 |
CA2773127A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
WO2011028132A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
ZA201201656B (en) | 2012-11-28 |
BR112012005051B1 (en) | 2019-05-21 |
AU2010290196B2 (en) | 2015-12-17 |
CN102549198B (en) | 2015-12-09 |
AR078338A1 (en) | 2011-11-02 |
EP2475807A4 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
IN2012DN01944A (en) | 2015-08-21 |
EA201200453A1 (en) | 2012-09-28 |
EP2475807A1 (en) | 2012-07-18 |
EA021620B1 (en) | 2015-07-30 |
NZ598998A (en) | 2014-01-31 |
NO2475807T3 (en) | 2018-07-28 |
CN102549198A (en) | 2012-07-04 |
CA2773127C (en) | 2016-11-22 |
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