EP2466996A2 - Illumination system - Google Patents
Illumination system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2466996A2 EP2466996A2 EP11009887A EP11009887A EP2466996A2 EP 2466996 A2 EP2466996 A2 EP 2466996A2 EP 11009887 A EP11009887 A EP 11009887A EP 11009887 A EP11009887 A EP 11009887A EP 2466996 A2 EP2466996 A2 EP 2466996A2
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- led
- lighting system
- assembly
- modulator
- control
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/40—Details of LED load circuits
- H05B45/44—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix
- H05B45/46—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix having LEDs disposed in parallel lines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
- H05B45/24—Controlling the colour of the light using electrical feedback from LEDs or from LED modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
- H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
- H05B47/175—Controlling the light source by remote control
- H05B47/185—Controlling the light source by remote control via power line carrier transmission
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an LED-based lighting system, and more particularly to a lighting system comprising a plurality of LED packages or expandable to a plurality of LED packages.
- LEDs have been used for decades essentially only for small-sized, low-light displays, especially on electrical or electronic devices. In recent years, LEDs are increasingly coming onto the market, which are also suitable for general lighting purposes due to their high light output. Thanks to their small dimensions and their low heat output, LEDs can be installed in places where conventional incandescent light sources can not be used. For example, they can be integrated into furniture panels of market strength to illuminate individual compartments of a shelf or cupboard, for example.
- Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a lighting system with at least one controllable by a central master assembly LED assembly in which the wiring complexity for a - preferably selective - control of modules regardless of their number is low.
- the object is achieved, in which in a lighting system with at least one LED assembly having at least one LED, a master assembly for controlling the operation of the LED package and a control line to which the LED package for receiving control information from the master package is connected, terminals for the control line are provided at opposite ends of the board.
- the module itself can form part of a leading to another module control line, and long distances can be bridged with a relatively low cabling.
- Cabling can be further simplified considerably if the control line is at the same time a supply line for supplying the LED assembly with an electrical operating voltage and the master module has a modulator for modulating control commands to the electrical operating voltage and the LED module is a demodulator for recovering the control commands from the electrical operating voltage includes.
- the umbilical to transmit commands to the LED assemblies eliminates the need for a stand-alone umbilical, and errors in wiring the LED assemblies can be largely eliminated.
- the modulator is preferably configured to modulate the electrical operating voltage to a control command address information, which designates an LED module for which the control command is determined, the LED module is at least one Assigned address, and it is set up, control commands, whose address information does not correspond to any address of the LED module, not execute.
- the lighting system according to the invention may comprise at least one set of LED assemblies, each associated with an identical address specific to that set; All of these assemblies are simultaneously addressable by a single control command sent to this address.
- An LED module can be addressed under several addresses. In order to allow individual control of the LED modules of a group, each of them should also be assigned a specific address for them alone. However, the addresses of two or more sets of a same LED package may also be associated so that the particular LED package responds to commands sent to each of the sets.
- commands defined for the lighting system should be at least one that allows control of the brightness of an LED assembly or its LEDs.
- at least one control command is defined, which makes it possible to control the brightness of a single LED in an assembly or the ratio of the brightnesses of several LEDs of the same assembly to each other. If the LEDs of such an assembly have different colors, such a command can control the hue of the light emitted by the assembly.
- Such an instruction may in particular comprise a plurality of time stamps, in particular in the form of pulses, the time interval between each two of the time stamps each representing a control variable for one of the LEDs of the module.
- the commands from the modulator can be conveniently modulated as AC signals to the DC voltage.
- the modulator can be configured to mecanical and/or acoustic waves with different discrete frequencies to the operating voltage.
- the demodulator of each LED module can then expediently have a narrowband filter which is permeable only to one or to individual discrete frequencies.
- the frequency with which an operating voltage command is modulated then has the function of an address, since it determines which demodulator (or possibly which demodulators) of the LED assemblies of the system demodulate the command.
- the at least one LED module in turn comprises a modulator for modulating operating state information to the electrical operating voltage and the master unit comprises a demodulator for recovering the operating state information from the electrical operating voltage.
- At least one supply terminal of at least one consumer such as the modulator itself, a demodulator, an LED or the like is preferably connected in at least one of the assemblies via a coil to the supply line while a Output of the modulator of the module directly, bypassing the coil, is connected to the supply line.
- a series resonant circuit is preferably provided as the output stage of the modulator.
- This series resonant circuit can preferably be connected to a switched on / off digital transmission signal whose sampling frequency is tuned to the resonance frequency of the series resonant circuit.
- An input stage of the demodulator can be expediently also formed by a series resonant circuit.
- the demodulator preferably comprises an automatic gain control circuit.
- a master module 2 and a plurality of controllable by the master module 2 LED modules 3 are parallel to each other via a supply voltage line 4 and a ground line 5 connected.
- the master module 2 can be integrated into the housing of one of the LED modules 3 controlled by it.
- the lines 4, 5 may be formed in the manner of a busbar, are connected to the master module 2 and a plurality of the modules 3 and spatially parallel to each other, as in Fig. 1 indicated.
- Each of the elongated LED modules 3 has at its two longitudinal ends a respective connection 8 for the supply voltage line 4 and the ground line 5, and between the terminals 8, the supply voltage and the ground are looped through in the assemblies 3, as indicated by dashed lines, so that Supply voltage and ground also at the side facing away from the power supply 1 terminal 8 of each module 3 and can be distributed via secondary lines 4 ', 5' from there to other modules 3.
- Fig. 2 shows in more detail an inventive lighting system with a flexible modular tree-like structure.
- the LED assemblies 3 are elongate elements, for example in the form of a hollow profile, which is composed of an aluminum extruded profile 6 of substantially C-shaped cross-section, a light exit profile 7 made of a transparent plastic inserted into the open side of the C-profile 6 and an elongated, at regular intervals equipped with LEDs circuit board, which is housed in a cavity between the profiles 6, 7 in the interior of the module 3 and in Fig. 2 is not visible.
- LED assemblies 3 of this type can be used with little effort in any lengths, each suitably, for example for the length of shelves to which they are to be mounted.
- the inner cavity is closed by inserted plastic blocks 8 having on their outer sides two contacts 9, 10 for the supply voltage line 4 and the ground line 5.
- contacts 9, 10 for example, the conventionally used in 9V block batteries, interlockable contacts come into consideration. In general, however, any pair of mutually complementary contacts is suitable.
- the supply voltage line 4 and the ground line 5 extend in each LED assembly 3 from a termination block 8 to the opposite end of the opposite end block 8, wherein the supply voltage line is connected at both end blocks 8 with identical contacts 9 and the ground line with their identical contacts 10.
- each end block 8 Adjacent to the contacts 9, 10, a recess 11 is formed on each end block 8.
- the LED assemblies 3 are interconnected and with the (in Fig. 2 not shown) power supply 1 connected via inexpensive two-core supply cable 12, which are each provided at their ends with contact carrier plates 13.
- Each contact carrier plate 13 has on one side a recess 11 corresponding to those of the contact blocks 8 and on the opposite side to the recess 11 complementary projection 14.
- Contacts 9, 10 are each disposed on both sides of each contact carrier plate 13, wherein in each case contacts of different types 9 and 10 on opposite sides of the plate 13 are opposite and are conductively connected.
- connection cables 12 can be plugged in as required in order to create an arbitrarily branched cable system. Since connection cables 12 can be fixed to both ends of each LED package 3, even elongated arrangements can be wired quickly and easily.
- the master module 2 has a microcontroller 15 (see Fig. 3 ).
- the latter can control the LED modules 3 according to a predetermined time sequence, which is implemented, for example, by a program stored in the microcontroller 15. It is also conceivable to connect the microcontroller 15 with various environmental sensors in order to enable control of the LED modules 3 on the basis of environmental influences.
- the microcontroller 15 could also be connected to a PC to provide a user with a comfortable User interface for controlling the LED modules 3 in real time.
- the microcontroller 15 controls the LED assemblies 3 by means of instructions, each in the form of a serial sequence of bits having a predetermined bit duration T, as represented by the diagram A of FIG Fig. 3 shown.
- Such an instruction may comprise, for example, a sequence of 4n bits, a first word of n bits specifying the address of an LED assembly for which the instruction is intended, and the three subsequent words each having brightness values for red, green and blue LEDs thereof Specify LED assembly.
- a modulator 16 which receives the commands from the microcontroller 15, comprises as first modulator stage an oscillator 17 and a logic gate 18 which generates a logic operation, here a logical AND, of the oscillator signal and of the instruction.
- the period of oscillator 17 is a fraction of the bit period T of the instruction, such that each "1" bit of the instruction is chopped into a plurality of "1" pulses as in diagram B of FIG Fig. 3 shown.
- the frequency of the oscillator 17 should therefore be at least a few 10 kHz.
- an oscillator frequency in the range 80 to 150 kHz is therefore expedient; in practice a frequency of 125 kHz was chosen.
- a "0" bit output by the microcontroller 15 is not changed by the logic gate 18, as can also be seen on the diagram B.
- a second stage of the modulator 16 includes an amplifier stage formed by a transistor 20, a resistor 21 mounted between the base of the transistor 20 and the output of the logic gate 18, and a resistor 22 formed between the emitter of the transistor 20 and ground 5, and an LC Series circuit comprising a connected on the one hand to the supply voltage line 4, on the other hand to the collector of the transistor 20 and a coil 23 connected on the one hand to the collector and on the other hand to ground 5 capacitor 24.
- a capacitor 19 may be provided between the output of the logic gate 18 and ground to attenuate spectral components of the output of the logic gate 18 at harmonics of the oscillator frequency.
- the resonant frequency of the LC series circuit 23, 24 is tuned to the frequency of the oscillator 17. In this way, a harmonic components very poor, almost pure sinusoidal data signal is modulated onto the supply voltage line 4, whose amplitude in the immediate vicinity of the modulator can reach up to 2000 mV and even after a transmission distance of about 100m with about 200 mV is still safely evaluated ,
- the Master assembly 2 In order to avoid attenuation of the data signal by connected to the supply voltage line 4 consumers of the master module 2, a reaction of the data signal to the microprocessor 15 itself and / or a corruption of the data signal by emissions of the microprocessor 15, its supply connection and all other consumers are the Master assembly 2, such as contained therein LEDs, connected via a coil 47 to the supply voltage line 4.
- FIG. 12 shows a circuit diagram of a demodulator 25, as provided in particular in each LED module 3, in order to receive and demodulate instructions originating from the master module 2.
- a preamplifier stage of the demodulator 25 comprises analogous to coil 23 and capacitor 24 on the modulator side a capacitor 26 and a coil 27, which are connected in series between the supply voltage line 4 and ground, and a junction FET 29.
- the resonant frequency of the Capacitor 26 and a coil 27 formed LC series circuit is also equal to the frequency of the oscillator 17.
- a midpoint of this series connection is connected via a series resistor 28 to the gate of the junction FET 29.
- the source and drain of the junction FET 29 are each connected via a resistor 30 and a data signal suppressing coil 47 and a resistor 31 to the 12V supply voltage or to the ground line 5.
- the ratio of the resistors 30, 31 to the drain and source of the junction FET 29 determines its gain.
- the drain of the junction FET 29 forms the signal output of the preamplifier stage.
- the amplified data signal present at the drain of the junction FET 29 is shown schematically in the diagram D '; it comprises oscillation time intervals each corresponding to the transmission of a "1" bit and constant time intervals corresponding to the transmission of a "0" bit.
- the amplified data signal is fed via a capacitor 33 suppressing the DC voltage component in the output of the junction FET 29 on the one hand to an output stage, on the other hand to a gain control circuit.
- the gain control circuit comprises two diodes 34, 35, of which one 34 short-circuits the negative half cycle of the amplified signal to ground, thus resulting in the waveform shown in diagram C '.
- the positive half-wave charges a capacitor 36 via the other diode 35.
- the smoothed voltage across capacitor 36 is therefore proportional to the magnitude of the signal at the output of the preamplifier stage.
- This smoothed voltage controls via a series resistor 37 a resistor 31 parallel to the transistor 38.
- a signal whose amplitude is largely independent is obtained at the drain of the junction FET 29 is of the amplitude of the voltage applied to the input of the demodulator 25 data signal.
- the capacitor 33 together with a resistor 48, forms a high-pass filter, which passes substantially unhindered for the carrier frequency component of the amplified data signal, effectively suppressing low-frequency components which are due to residual ripple of a power supply unit.
- the substantially sinusoidal half-wave signal of the diagram C ' is obtained.
- this signal first successively passes through a bipolar transistor 39, which is arranged as a modified emitter follower with an emitter connected directly to ground.
- This arrangement provides a high gain which, while not linear, does not have to be for converting the sinusoidal halfwaves of the diagram C 'into square pulses.
- Two resistors 49, 50 connect the base of the transistor 39 to the supply potential or ground, thus defining the operating point of the transistor 39.
- a smoothing capacitor 36 'connected to the collector terminal of the transistor 39 and ground reduces the spectral component of the oscillator 17 in the output signal of the transistor 39, as shown in diagram B', so that at the drain terminal of the MOSFET 40 the binary signal in its in the diagram A of FIG Fig. 3 Form shown again.
- the microcontroller 41 identifies and compares the address contained in the binary signal with one or more addresses assigned to it. Only in the case of coincidence with one of the stored addresses does it decode the three subsequent data words in order to store them as desired brightness values and thus complete the demodulation.
- An activation of the LEDs of the module 3 on the basis of the stored values can likewise be carried out with the aid of the microcontroller 41.
- Fig. 5 shows schematically the circuit construction of the complete LED assembly 3, wherein the demodulator 25 of the Fig. 4 schematically in the form of two circuit blocks, the receiver amplifier stage 42 and the microcontroller 41 is summarized.
- Supply terminals (not shown) of the microcontroller 41 and the amplifier stage 42 and LEDs 44R, 44G, 44B are connected to the supply voltage line 4 via the coil 47.
- the microcontroller 41 based on the brightness values contained in a command demodulated by it as described above, activates three MOSFETs 43R, 43G, 43B whose gate is connected to the ground line 5 and whose source are each connected via a plurality of parallel connected LEDs 44R, 44G, 44B is connected to the supply voltage line 4.
- the LEDs 44R, 44G, 44B are distributed in groups of three closely spaced LEDs of different colors over the length of the assembly 3. Each triplet includes a red LED 44R controlled by the MOSFET 43R, a green LED 44G controlled by the MOSFET 43G, and a blue LED 44B controlled by the MOSFET 43B.
- the control The MOSFETs 43R, 43G, 43B through the microcontroller 41 are tuned to the efficiencies of the differently colored LEDs 44R, 44G, 44B such that the light of each triplet 44R, 44G, 44B appears white to a viewer when received in the current command Brightness values are the same for all three LED types. Thus, both the brightness and the light color of each LED module 3 can be controlled individually as desired.
- a photodiode 45 is associated (as shown in the figure only for the LED 44R) to detect and transmit to the microcontroller 41 the intensity of the respective LED.
- This provides feedback on the brightness of the LEDs 44R, 44G, 44B via a modulator 46 back to the master assembly 2.
- the modulator 46 is constructed as in Fig. 3 shown modulator 16, differs from this, however, by the frequency of the oscillator 17.
- the modulator 46 has a power supply line 4 via the coil 47 connected to the supply terminal.
- a data signal output of the modulator 46 is connected directly to the supply voltage line 4.
- resonant frequency master assembly 2 By receiving with a corresponding demodulator 25 with tuned to the modulator 46 resonant frequency master assembly 2 receives feedback on the realized brightnesses of the LEDs 44 R, 44 G, 44 B, they can take into account in the generation of further control commands and so the light color and brightness in a closed loop precisely Taxes. Changes in the efficiency of the LEDs 44R, 44G, 44B, which may be due to heating, aging or the like, have no influence on the quality of the light generated. Alternatively, the modulator 46 may also simply serve to transmit an acknowledgment of received commands back to the master assembly 2 so that it is capable of detecting transmission errors and, if necessary, re-sending an incorrectly received command.
- the oscillator 17 and the LC resonant circuit 23, 24 of the modulator 16 can be tuned to a plurality of frequencies, which are each associated with a plurality of LED modules.
- the LC resonant circuits 26, 27 on the side of the demodulators 25 of the LED modules have only a fixed resonant frequency.
- a command signal transmitted by the modulator 16 at a given frequency therefore addresses only those LED modules 3 in which the resonant frequency of the LC resonant circuit coincides with the transmitted frequency.
- An LED assembly may include a plurality of parallel demodulators to be addressable at different frequencies.
- a possible time course of a command signal transmitted between the modules 2, 3 according to the second embodiment is disclosed in US Pat Fig. 7 shown.
- the microcontroller 41 on the side of the LED module registers the insertion of a signal initiating the command signal oscillation with the resonance frequency at the beginning of a time tR.
- the duration tR of the oscillation represents the desired brightness of the red LEDs 44R of the addressed module 3 by the control unit 2.
- the value of a counter set in the microcontroller 41 at the beginning of the period contains, if the termination of the oscillation is registered at the end of the period tR , a count representative of the desired brightness.
- a subsequent period of time tG during which no oscillation is transmitted represents the desired brightness of the green LEDs 44G and is measured by the microcontroller 41 by means of a second counter activated at the transition between the periods tR and tG.
- the microcontroller 41 determines the desired brightness of the blue LEDs 44B on the basis of the duration of a time interval tB subsequent to the time period tG.
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Leuchtensystem auf LED-Basis und insbesondere ein Leuchtensystem, das eine Mehrzahl von LED-Baugruppen umfasst oder auf eine Mehrzahl von LED-Baugruppen erweiterbar ist.The present invention relates to an LED-based lighting system, and more particularly to a lighting system comprising a plurality of LED packages or expandable to a plurality of LED packages.
LEDs wurden jahrzehntelang im Wesentlichen nur für kleinformatige, leuchtschwache Anzeigen, insbesondere an elektrischen bzw. elektronischen Geräten, eingesetzt. In den letzten Jahren kommen zunehmend LEDs auf den Markt, die aufgrund ihrer hohen Lichtleistung auch für allgemeine Beleuchtungszwecke geeignet sind. Dank ihrer kleinen Abmessungen und ihrer geringen Wärmeabgabe können LEDs an Orten eingebaut werden, an denen herkömmliche Glühlichtquellen nicht verwendbar sind. So können sie zum Beispiel in Möbelplatten marktüblicher Stärke integriert werden, um etwa einzelne Fächer eines Regals oder Schranks zu beleuchten.LEDs have been used for decades essentially only for small-sized, low-light displays, especially on electrical or electronic devices. In recent years, LEDs are increasingly coming onto the market, which are also suitable for general lighting purposes due to their high light output. Thanks to their small dimensions and their low heat output, LEDs can be installed in places where conventional incandescent light sources can not be used. For example, they can be integrated into furniture panels of market strength to illuminate individual compartments of a shelf or cupboard, for example.
Wenn gewünscht ist, einzelne LEDs oder Gruppen von ihnen selektiv zu steuern, zum Beispiel um von mehreren Fächern eines Schranks oder Regals nur jeweils einzelne zu beleuchten, dann erfordert dies entweder eine Vielzahl von in dem betreffenden Möbel verteilten, aufwändig einzubauenden Schaltern oder, ausgehend von einer zentralisierten Schalteranordnung oder einer anderen Art von Steuereinheit, eine aufwändige und fehlerträchtige Verkabelung. Aufwand und Fehlermöglichkeiten potenzieren sich, wenn, etwa bei Anwendungen im Laden- und Messebau, LED-Baugruppen nicht nur in einem einzelnen Möbel, sondern in mehreren Möbeln bzw. einem ganzen Raum koordiniert zu steuern sind, bzw. wenn Licht nicht nur ein- und ausgeschaltet, sondern auch gedimmt und/oder seine Farbe gesteuert werden soll. Für die Steuerung komplexer Beleuchtungsanlagen kommt auch die Verwendung von Bussystemen wie etwa des EIB-oder CAN-Bus in Betracht, doch die hierfür erforderlichen vieladrigen Kabel sind kostspielig und beschwerlich zu handhaben, und ihr Durchmesser macht es schwierig, sie versteckt zu verlegen.If it is desired to selectively control individual LEDs or groups of them, for example, to illuminate only individual ones of several compartments of a cabinet or shelf, then this requires either a plurality of in the relevant furniture distributed, complex to install switches or, starting from a centralized switch assembly or other type of control unit, a complex and error-prone wiring. Expenditure and possibilities for error increase when, for example in shop and trade fair construction, LED assemblies are not only coordinated in a single piece of furniture, but also in several pieces of furniture or a whole room, or if light is not just on and off switched off, but also dimmed and / or its color should be controlled. Controlling complex lighting systems may also involve the use of bus systems such as the EIB or CAN bus, but the multi-core cables required for this are costly and cumbersome to handle, and their diameter makes them difficult to lay concealed.
Auch großformatige Leuchtreklamen sind mit LEDs mit hoher Leuchtkraft und großer Betriebssicherheit realisierbar, benötigen aber, um bewegte Elemente oder wechselnde Botschaften darzustellen, ebenfalls eine aufwändige Steuerung.Even large-format neon signs can be realized with LEDs with high luminosity and high reliability, but need to represent moving elements or changing messages, also an elaborate control.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist daher, ein Leuchtensystem mit wenigstens einer durch eine zentrale Master-Baugruppe steuerbaren LED-Baugruppe anzugeben, bei dem der Verdrahtungsaufwand für eine -vorzugsweise selektive- Steuerung von Baugruppen unabhängig von deren Zahl gering ist.Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a lighting system with at least one controllable by a central master assembly LED assembly in which the wiring complexity for a - preferably selective - control of modules regardless of their number is low.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst, in dem bei einem Beleuchtungssystem mit wenigstens einer LED-Baugruppe, die wenigstens eine LED aufweist, einer Master-Baugruppe zum Steuern des Betriebs der LED-Baugruppe und einer Steuerleitung, an die die LED-Baugruppe zum Empfangen von Steuerinformationen von der Master-Baugruppe angeschlossen ist, Anschlüsse für die Steuerleitung an entgegengesetzten Enden der Leiterplatte vorgesehen sind. So kann die Baugruppe selber einen Teil einer zu einer weiteren Baugruppe führenden Steuerleitung bilden, und große Entfernungen können mit einem relativ geringen Verkabelungsaufwand überbrückt werden.The object is achieved, in which in a lighting system with at least one LED assembly having at least one LED, a master assembly for controlling the operation of the LED package and a control line to which the LED package for receiving control information from the master package is connected, terminals for the control line are provided at opposite ends of the board. Thus, the module itself can form part of a leading to another module control line, and long distances can be bridged with a relatively low cabling.
Die Verkabelung kann weiter erheblich vereinfacht werden, wenn die Steuerleitung gleichzeitig Versorgungsleitung zur Versorgung der LED-Baugruppe mit einer elektrischen Betriebsspannung ist und die Master-Baugruppe einen Modulator zum Aufmodulieren von Steuerbefehlen auf die elektrische Betriebsspannung und die LED-Baugruppe einen Demodulator zum Rückgewinnen der Steuerbefehle aus der elektrischen Betriebsspannung umfasst. Wenn so die Versorgungsleitung zur Übertragung von Befehlen an die LED-Baugruppen genutzt wird, wird eine eigenständige Versorgungsleitung überflüssig, und Fehler bei der Verdrahtung der LED-Baugruppen können weitgehend ausgeschlossen werden.Cabling can be further simplified considerably if the control line is at the same time a supply line for supplying the LED assembly with an electrical operating voltage and the master module has a modulator for modulating control commands to the electrical operating voltage and the LED module is a demodulator for recovering the control commands from the electrical operating voltage includes. Thus, using the umbilical to transmit commands to the LED assemblies eliminates the need for a stand-alone umbilical, and errors in wiring the LED assemblies can be largely eliminated.
Um unter mehreren LED-Baugruppen eine einzelne gezielt ansprechen zu können, ist der Modulator vorzugsweise eingerichtet, der elektrischen Betriebsspannung zu einem Steuerbefehl eine Adressinformation aufzumodulieren, die eine LED-Baugruppe bezeichnet, für die der Steuerbefehl bestimmt ist, der LED-Baugruppe ist wenigstens eine Adresse zugeordnet, und sie ist eingerichtet, Steuerbefehle, deren Adressinformation keiner Adresse der LED-Baugruppe entspricht, nicht auszuführen.In order to specifically address a single individual among several LED modules, the modulator is preferably configured to modulate the electrical operating voltage to a control command address information, which designates an LED module for which the control command is determined, the LED module is at least one Assigned address, and it is set up, control commands, whose address information does not correspond to any address of the LED module, not execute.
Das erfindungsgemäße Leuchtensystem kann wenigstens einen Satz von LED-Baugruppen umfassen, denen jeweils eine gleiche für diesen Satz spezifische Adresse zugeordnet ist; alle diese Baugruppen sind durch einen einzigen an diese Adresse geschickten Steuerbefehl gleichzeitig ansprechbar.The lighting system according to the invention may comprise at least one set of LED assemblies, each associated with an identical address specific to that set; All of these assemblies are simultaneously addressable by a single control command sent to this address.
Eine LED-Baugruppe kann unter mehreren Adressen ansprechbar sein. Um auch eine individuelle Ansteuerung der LED-Baugruppen einer Gruppe zu ermöglichen, sollte ferner jeder von ihnen noch eine für sie allein spezifische Adresse zugeordnet sein. Es können aber auch die Adressen von zwei oder mehr Sätzen einer gleichen LED-Baugruppe zugeordnet sein, so dass die betreffende LED-Baugruppe auf an jeden der Sätze gesendete Befehle anspricht.An LED module can be addressed under several addresses. In order to allow individual control of the LED modules of a group, each of them should also be assigned a specific address for them alone. However, the addresses of two or more sets of a same LED package may also be associated so that the particular LED package responds to commands sent to each of the sets.
Unter den für das Leuchtensystem definierten Befehlen sollte wenigstens einer sein, der eine Steuerung der Helligkeit einer LED-Baugruppe bzw. ihrer LEDs ermöglicht. Vorzugsweise ist auch wenigstens ein Steuerbefehl definiert, der es ermöglicht, die Helligkeit einer einzelnen LED in einer Baugruppe bzw. das Verhältnis der Helligkeiten von mehreren LEDs der gleichen Baugruppe zueinander zu steuern. Wenn die LEDs einer solchen Baugruppe unterschiedliche Farben haben, kann mit Hilfe eines solchen Befehls der Farbton des von der Baugruppe emittierten Lichts gesteuert werden.Among the commands defined for the lighting system should be at least one that allows control of the brightness of an LED assembly or its LEDs. Preferably, at least one control command is defined, which makes it possible to control the brightness of a single LED in an assembly or the ratio of the brightnesses of several LEDs of the same assembly to each other. If the LEDs of such an assembly have different colors, such a command can control the hue of the light emitted by the assembly.
Ein solcher Befehl kann insbesondere mehrere Zeitmarken, insbesondere in Form von Impulsen, umfassen, wobei der zeitliche Abstand zwischen je zwei der Zeitmarken jeweils eine Steuergröße für eine der LEDs der Baugruppe repräsentiert.Such an instruction may in particular comprise a plurality of time stamps, in particular in the form of pulses, the time interval between each two of the time stamps each representing a control variable for one of the LEDs of the module.
Wenn die elektrische Betriebsspannung, mit der die Baugruppen versorgt werden, eine Gleichspannung ist, können die Befehle vom Modulator zweckmäßigerweise als Wechselspannungssignale auf die Gleichspannung aufmoduliert werden.If the electrical operating voltage with which the assemblies are supplied, is a DC voltage, the commands from the modulator can be conveniently modulated as AC signals to the DC voltage.
Dabei kann der Modulator eingerichtet sein, die Befehle mit unterschiedlichen diskreten Frequenzen auf die Betriebsspannung aufzumodulieren. Komplementär dazu kann dann der Demodulator einer jeden LED-Baugruppe zweckmäßigerweise einen schmalbandigen Filter aufweisen, der nur für eine oder für einzelne der diskreten Frequenzen durchlässig ist. Die Frequenz, mit der ein Befehl der Betriebsspannung aufmoduliert ist, hat dann die Funktion einer Adresse, da sie bestimmt, von welchem Demodulator (oder eventuell welchen Demodulatoren) der LED-Baugruppen des Systems der Befehl demoduliert wird.In this case, the modulator can be configured to aufzumodulieren the commands with different discrete frequencies to the operating voltage. Complementary to this, the demodulator of each LED module can then expediently have a narrowband filter which is permeable only to one or to individual discrete frequencies. The frequency with which an operating voltage command is modulated then has the function of an address, since it determines which demodulator (or possibly which demodulators) of the LED assemblies of the system demodulate the command.
Um einen geschlossenen Regelkreis implementieren zu können, ist es zweckmäßig, wenn die wenigstens eine LED-Baugruppe ihrerseits einen Modulator zum Aufmodulieren von Betriebszustandsinformation auf die elektrische Betriebsspannung und die Master-Einheit einen Demodulator zum Rückgewinnen der Betriebszustandsinformation aus der elektrischen Betriebsspannung umfasst.In order to implement a closed loop, it is expedient if the at least one LED module in turn comprises a modulator for modulating operating state information to the electrical operating voltage and the master unit comprises a demodulator for recovering the operating state information from the electrical operating voltage.
Um Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem aufmodulierten Signal und elektrischen Verbrauchern der Baugruppen zu vermeiden, ist vorzugsweise in wenigstens einer der Baugruppen wenigstens ein Versorgungsanschluss wenigstens eines Verbrauchers wie etwa des Modulators selbst, eines Demodulators, einer LED oder dergleichen über eine Spule mit der Versorgungsleitung verbunden, während ein Ausgang des Modulators der Baugruppe direkt, unter Umgehung der Spule, mit der Versorgungsleitung verbunden ist.In order to avoid interactions between the modulated signal and electrical loads of the assemblies, at least one supply terminal of at least one consumer such as the modulator itself, a demodulator, an LED or the like is preferably connected in at least one of the assemblies via a coil to the supply line while a Output of the modulator of the module directly, bypassing the coil, is connected to the supply line.
Um bei begrenzter Sendeleistung die Steuerbefehle über weite Strecken übertragen zu können, ist als Ausgangsstufe des Modulators vorzugsweise ein Serienresonanzkreis vorgesehen.In order to transmit the control commands over long distances with limited transmission power, a series resonant circuit is preferably provided as the output stage of the modulator.
Dieser Serienresonanzkreis ist vorzugsweise mit einem ein-/ausgetasteten digitalen Sendesignal beschaltbar, dessen Tastfrequenz auf die Resonanzfrequenz des Serienresonanzkreises abgestimmt ist.This series resonant circuit can preferably be connected to a switched on / off digital transmission signal whose sampling frequency is tuned to the resonance frequency of the series resonant circuit.
Eine Eingangsstufe des Demodulators kann zweckmäßigerweise ebenfalls durch einen Serienresonanzkreis gebildet sein.An input stage of the demodulator can be expediently also formed by a series resonant circuit.
Um eine korrekte Demodulation eines übertragenen Steuerbefehls in weitgehender Unabhängigkeit von der Länge des Übertragungsweges und der auf diesem Weg erfahrenen Signaldämpfung zu ermöglichen, weist der Demodulator vorzugsweise einen automatischen Verstärkungssteuerkreis auf.In order to allow correct demodulation of a transmitted control command in substantial independence of the length of the transmission path and the signal attenuation experienced in this way, the demodulator preferably comprises an automatic gain control circuit.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Figuren. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- ein Blockdiagramm eines erfindungsgemäßen Leuchtensystems;
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht von Komponenten des Leuchtensystems;
- Fig. 3
- ein Schaltungsdiagramm eines Modulators des Leuchtensystems;
- Fig. 4
- ein Schaltungsdiagramm eines Demodulators;
- Fig. 5
- ein Schaltungsdiagramm einer mit dem Modulator der
Fig. 4 ausgestatteten LED-Baugruppe; - Fig. 6
- ein Schaltungsdiagramm einer LED-Baugruppe mit einem Modulator zum Senden von Betriebszustandsinformation an eine Master-Baugruppe; und
- Fig. 7
- ein Steuerbefehlssignal gemäß einer Abwandlung der Erfindung.
- Fig. 1
- a block diagram of a luminaire system according to the invention;
- Fig. 2
- a schematic perspective view of components of the lighting system;
- Fig. 3
- a circuit diagram of a modulator of the lighting system;
- Fig. 4
- a circuit diagram of a demodulator;
- Fig. 5
- a circuit diagram of a with the modulator of
Fig. 4 equipped LED assembly; - Fig. 6
- a circuit diagram of an LED assembly with a modulator for sending operating state information to a master assembly; and
- Fig. 7
- a control command signal according to a modification of the invention.
Das in
An den Stirnenden der Baugruppe 3 ist der innere Hohlraum durch eingeschobene Kunststoffblöcke 8 verschlossen, die an ihren Außenseiten zwei Kontakte 9, 10 für die Speisespannungsleitung 4 bzw. die Masseleitung 5 aufweisen. Als Kontakte 9, 10 kommen zum Beispiel die herkömmlicherweise bei 9V-Blockbatterien verwendeten, aneinander verrastbaren Kontakte in Betracht. Generell ist jedoch ein beliebiges Paar von zueinander komplementären Kontakten geeignet.At the front ends of the
Die Speisespannungsleitung 4 und die Masseleitung 5 erstrecken sich in jeder LED-Baugruppe 3 von einem Abschlussblock 8 zum am anderen Ende gegenüberliegenden Abschlussblock 8, wobei die Speisespannungsleitung an beiden Abschlussblöcken 8 mit identischen Kontakten 9 und die Masseleitung mit ihrerseits identischen Kontakten 10 verbunden ist.The
Benachbart zu den Kontakten 9, 10 ist an jedem Abschlussblock 8 eine Aussparung 11 gebildet.Adjacent to the
Die LED-Baugruppen 3 sind untereinander und mit dem (in
Um alle LED-Baugruppen 3 des Leuchtensystems unabhängig steuern zu können, verfügt die Master-Baugruppe 2 über einen Mikrocontroller 15 (siehe
Der Mikrocontroller 15 steuert die LED-Baugruppen 3 mit Hilfe von Befehlen, die jeweils die Form einer seriellen Abfolge von Bits mit vorgegebener Bitdauer T haben, wie durch das Diagramm A von
Ein Modulator 16, der die Befehle vom Mikrocontroller 15 empfängt, umfasst als erste Modulatorstufe einen Oszillator 17 und ein Logikgatter 18, das eine logische Verknüpfung, hier ein logisches Und, des Oszillatorsignals und des Befehls erzeugt. Die Periode des Oszillators 17 ist ein Bruchteil der Bitperiode T des Befehls, so dass jedes "1"-Bit des Befehls in eine Mehrzahl von "1"-Impulsen zerhackt wird, wie in dem Diagramm B der
Ein vom Mikrocontroller 15 ausgegebenes "0"-Bit wird durch das Logikgatter 18 nicht verändert, wie ebenfalls am Diagramm B zu erkennen.A "0" bit output by the
Eine zweite Stufe des Modulators 16 umfasst eine Verstärkerstufe, gebildet durch einen Transistor 20, einen zwischen der Basis des Transistors 20 und dem Ausgang des Logikgatters 18 angebrachten Vorwiderstand 21 und einen zwischen dem Emitter des Transistors 20 und Masse 5 gestalteten Widerstand 22, sowie eine LC-Reihenschaltung, die eine einerseits mit der Speisespannungsleitung 4, andererseits mit dem Kollektor des Transistors 20 verbundene Spule 23 und einen einerseits mit dem Kollektor und andererseits mit Masse 5 verbundenen Kondensator 24 umfasst. Ein Kondensator 19 kann zwischen dem Ausgang des Logikgatters 18 und Masse vorgesehen sein, um Spektralanteile des Ausgangssignals des Logikgatters 18 bei Harmonischen der Oszillatorfrequenz zu dämpfen.A second stage of the
Die Resonanzfrequenz der LC-Reihenschaltung 23, 24 ist auf die Frequenz des Oszillators 17 abgestimmt. Auf diese Weise wird ein an Oberwellenanteilen sehr armes, nahezu rein sinusförmiges Datensignal auf die Speisespannungsleitung 4 aufmoduliert, dessen Amplitude in unmittelbarer Nähe des Modulators bis zu 2000 mV erreichen kann und selbst nach einem Übertragungsweg von über 100m mit ca. 200 mV noch sicher auswertbar ist.The resonant frequency of the
Um eine Dämpfung des Datensignals durch an die Speisespannungsleitung 4 angeschlossene Verbraucher der Master-Baugruppe 2, eine Rückwirkung des Datensignals auf den Mikroprozessor 15 selbst und/oder eine Verfälschung des Datensignals durch Emissionen des Mikroprozessors 15 zu vermeiden, sind dessen Versorgungsanschluss und alle weiteren Verbraucher der Master-Baugruppe 2, wie etwa in ihr enthaltene LEDs, über eine Spule 47 mit der Speisespannungsleitung 4 verbunden.In order to avoid attenuation of the data signal by connected to the
Das am Drainanschluss des Junction-FET 29 vorliegende verstärkte Datensignal ist schematisch in dem Diagramm D' dargestellt; es umfasst Oszillationszeitintervalle, die jeweils der Übertragung eines "1"-Bits entsprechen, und konstante Zeitintervalle, die der Übertragung eines "0"-Bits entsprechen. Das verstärkte Datensignal wird über einen den Gleichspannungsanteil in der Ausgabe des Junction-FET 29 unterdrückenden Kondensator 33 einerseits einer Ausgangsstufe, andererseits einer Verstärkungssteuerschaltung zugeführt.The amplified data signal present at the drain of the
Die Verstärkungssteuerschaltung umfasst zwei Dioden 34, 35, von denen die eine 34 die negative Halbwelle des verstärkten Signals zur Masse kurzschließt, so dass die in dem Diagramm C' gezeigte Signalform resultiert. Die positive Halbwelle lädt über die andere Diode 35 einen Kondensator 36. Die über dem Kondensator 36 anfallende geglättete Spannung ist daher proportional zur Stärke des Signals am Ausgang der Vorverstärkerstufe. Diese geglättete Spannung steuert über einen Vorwiderstand 37 einen zum Widerstand 31 parallelen Transistor 38. Je höher die Spannung am Kondensator 36 ist, um so durchlässiger wird der Transistor 38, um so geringer wird der Widerstand zwischen dem Sourceanschluss des Junction-FET 29 und Masse, und um so geringer wird die Verstärkung des Junction-FET 29. Infolgedessen wird am Drainanschluss des Junction-FET 29 ein Signal erhalten, dessen Amplitude weitgehend unabhängig von der Amplitude des am Eingang des Demodulators 25 anliegenden Datensignals ist.The gain control circuit comprises two
Der Kondensator 33 bildet zusammen mit einem Widerstand 48 einen Hochpass, der für den Trägerfrequenzanteil des verstärkten Datensignals im Wesentlichen ungehindert durchlässt, niederfrequente Anteile, die etwa auf Restwelligkeit eines Netzteils zurückgehen, wirksam unterdrückt. So wird am Ausgang des Widerstands 48 das aus im Wesentlichen sinusförmigen Halbwellen bestehende Signal des Diagramms C' erhalten.The
Dieses Signal durchläuft in der Nachverstärkerstufe nacheinander zunächst einen Bipolartransistor 39, der als modifizierter Emitterfolger mit unmittelbar auf Masse geschaltetem Emitter angeordnet ist. Diese Anordnung liefert eine hohe Verstärkung, die zwar nicht linear ist, es zum Umwandeln der sinusförmigen Halbwellen des Diagramms C' in Rechteckimpulse aber auch nicht sein muss. Zwei Widerstände 49, 50 verbinden die Basis des Transistors 39 mit Versorgungspotential bzw. Masse und legen so den Arbeitspunkt des Transistors 39 fest. Ein mit dem Kollektoranschluss des Transistors 39 und Masse verbundener Glättkondensator 36' reduziert den Spektralanteil des Oszillators 17 im Ausgabesignal des Transistors 39, wie im Diagramm B' dargestellt, so dass am Drainanschluss des MOSFETs 40 das binäre Signal in seiner im Diagramm A von
Der Mikrocontroller 41 identifiziert die in dem binären Signal enthaltene Adresse und vergleicht diese mit einer oder mehreren ihm zugeordneten Adressen. Nur im Fall der Übereinstimmung mit einer der gespeicherten Adressen decodiert er die drei nachfolgenden Datenwörter, um sie als Soll-Helligkeitswerte abzuspeichern und so die Demodulation zu Ende zu führen.The
Eine Ansteuerung der LEDs der Baugruppe 3 anhand der gespeicherten Werte kann ebenfalls mit Hilfe des Mikrocontrollers 41 erfolgen.An activation of the LEDs of the
Bei der Ausgestaltung der
Einer zweiten Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Leuchtensystems zufolge ist der Oszillator 17 und der LC-Schwingkreis 23, 24 des Modulators 16 auf eine Mehrzahl von Frequenzen abstimmbar, die jeweils einer Mehrzahl von LED-Baugruppen zugeordnet sind. Die LC-Schwingkreise 26, 27 auf Seiten der Demodulatoren 25 der LED-Baugruppen haben hingegen nur eine feste Resonanzfrequenz. Ein vom Modulator 16 auf einer gegebenen Frequenz gesendetes Befehlssignal spricht daher nur diejenigen LED-Baugruppen 3 an, bei denen die Resonanzfrequenz des LC-Schwingkreises mit der gesendeten Frequenz übereinstimmt. Eine LED-Baugruppe kann mehrere parallele Demodulatoren aufweisen, um auf unterschiedlichen Frequenzen ansprechbar zu sein. Wenn eine dieser Frequenzen für die betreffende LED-Baugruppe spezifisch ist, eine andere aber mehreren LED-Baugruppen gemeinsam, dann kann mit einem auf der einen Frequenz gesendeten Befehl die betreffende LED-Baugruppe gezielt angesprochen werden, wohingegen auf einen mit der anderen Frequenz gesendeten Befehl alle LED-Baugruppen reagieren, die einen auf diese andere Frequenz abgestimmten Demodulator besitzen.According to a second embodiment of the luminaire system according to the invention, the
Ein möglicher zeitlicher Verlauf eines zwischen den Baugruppen 2, 3 übertragenen Befehlssignals gemäß der zweiten Ausgestaltung ist in
Claims (15)
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WO2016131605A1 (en) * | 2015-02-20 | 2016-08-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Brightness control for a light signal system |
WO2017161426A1 (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2017-09-28 | Renders Yoeri Bertha Jozef | Method and apparatus for controlling a light string |
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WO2008007268A2 (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2008-01-17 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Method and device for driving an array of light sources |
RU2009102539A (en) * | 2006-06-27 | 2010-08-10 | Конинклейке Филипс Электроникс Н.В. (Nl) | LARGE LIGHTING AREA |
WO2009069062A1 (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-04 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Light output device |
TWI398190B (en) * | 2008-01-02 | 2013-06-01 | Method and system for controlling led with power line carrier |
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WO2016131605A1 (en) * | 2015-02-20 | 2016-08-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Brightness control for a light signal system |
WO2017161426A1 (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2017-09-28 | Renders Yoeri Bertha Jozef | Method and apparatus for controlling a light string |
BE1023976B1 (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2017-09-28 | Yoeri Bertha Jozef Renders | SLINGER |
CN109196950A (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2019-01-11 | 探险者 | Method and apparatus for controlling lamp string |
US10648628B2 (en) | 2016-03-24 | 2020-05-12 | Explorentis | Lighting assembly, lamp for use in the lighting assembly, and method of controlling thereof |
CN109196950B (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2021-11-26 | 探险者 | Method and apparatus for controlling a light string |
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