EP2465372A1 - Leather shoe and manufacture method thereof - Google Patents

Leather shoe and manufacture method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2465372A1
EP2465372A1 EP09848184A EP09848184A EP2465372A1 EP 2465372 A1 EP2465372 A1 EP 2465372A1 EP 09848184 A EP09848184 A EP 09848184A EP 09848184 A EP09848184 A EP 09848184A EP 2465372 A1 EP2465372 A1 EP 2465372A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
waterproof
sole
leather
heel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09848184A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2465372A4 (en
Inventor
Jingling Zeng
Hongguang Wu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dong Guan Hafu Network Electrical Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Dong Guan Hafu Network Electrical Technology Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dong Guan Hafu Network Electrical Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Dong Guan Hafu Network Electrical Technology Co Ltd
Publication of EP2465372A1 publication Critical patent/EP2465372A1/en
Publication of EP2465372A4 publication Critical patent/EP2465372A4/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/18Resilient soles
    • A43B13/181Resiliency achieved by the structure of the sole
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/02Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the material
    • A43B13/04Plastics, rubber or vulcanised fibre
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/02Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the material
    • A43B13/12Soles with several layers of different materials
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/02Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the material
    • A43B13/12Soles with several layers of different materials
    • A43B13/125Soles with several layers of different materials characterised by the midsole or middle layer
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/22Soles made slip-preventing or wear-resisting, e.g. by impregnation or spreading a wear-resisting layer
    • A43B13/24Soles made slip-preventing or wear-resisting, e.g. by impregnation or spreading a wear-resisting layer by use of insertions
    • A43B13/26Soles made slip-preventing or wear-resisting, e.g. by impregnation or spreading a wear-resisting layer by use of insertions projecting beyond the sole surface
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B23/00Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
    • A43B23/02Uppers; Boot legs
    • A43B23/0205Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the material
    • A43B23/021Leather
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B23/00Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
    • A43B23/02Uppers; Boot legs
    • A43B23/0205Uppers; Boot legs characterised by the material
    • A43B23/0235Different layers of different material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B3/00Footwear characterised by the shape or the use
    • A43B3/0031Footwear characterised by the shape or the use provided with a pocket, e.g. for keys or a card
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B7/00Footwear with health or hygienic arrangements
    • A43B7/12Special watertight footwear
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43FOOTWEAR
    • A43BCHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B9/00Footwear characterised by the assembling of the individual parts
    • A43B9/12Stuck or cemented footwear

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates to the field of shoes, in particular to leather shoes with elasticity and waterproof performance and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • the application is based on the Chinese invention patent application No. 200910041801.1 submitted in Aug. 11, 2009, and all disclosed contents will be included in the text by reference.
  • the soles of the traditional leather shoes are usually made of stiff leather, the soles are lack of elasticity and poor in softness , the user may easily have foot fatigue when walking with such shoes, much more seriously, if the user walks for a long period with such shoes, calluses, dead skins or foot fatigue and the like may be generated easily due to long-term pressure and friction of the leather shoes on feet, which seriously affects the comfort of wearing the leather shoes of the user.
  • the traditional full-leather shoes have no waterproof function, in moist or rainy days, the insides of the shoes become moist and the user may feel uncomfortable as the uppers and soles of the leather shoes absorb moisture, besides, the leather fiber deforms and becomes floppy easily after the leather shoes contact water, the wearable performance and adhesion strength of the leather shoes will decrease greatly, it is easy to cause the soles of the full-leather shoes to separate off the shoes or accelerate the abrasion of the leather shoes, to seriously affect the outside appearance of the leather shoes. Above defects limit the application occasions of the full-leather shoes, the demand of customers to wear and enjoy leather shoes for a long time no matter in which place and at which time cannot be met, which is undoubtedly a kind of waste for both manufacturers and customers.
  • Chinese patent ZL 01125258.8 disclosed "WATERPROOF SHOES AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF", the feature of the waterproof shoes is that an inner waterproof sleeve is arranged inside shoes, and the inner waterproof sleeve is permeable to air but not to water.
  • the inner waterproof sleeve of the waterproof shoes has the waterproof function, the inner waterproof sleeve thereof may cause the user to feel uncomfortable when the user wears the waterproof shoes, therefore the demands of customers for comfort cannot be met at all.
  • the purpose of the disclosure is to provide waterproof anti-deformation comfortable and graceful leather shoes with good wearable and elastic performance and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • the thickness of the sole waterproof layer is set as 1.0-2.5mm and the protruding parts of the columns protrude 1.5-3.5mm from the sole.
  • the thickness of the sole waterproof layer is set as 1.5-2mm and the protruding parts of the columns protrude 2-3mm from the sole.
  • the columns are ones made of soft, wearable and elastic chemically synthetic materials.
  • the upper comprises a leather surface layer, a lining and a waterproof anti-deformation structure
  • the waterproof anti-deformation structure is provided with a waterproof adhesive layer and a waterproof fabric layer
  • the lining is arranged on the inner side of the leather surface layer
  • the waterproof fabric layer is adhesively arranged on the inner side of the lining through the waterproof adhesive layer which is coated on the inner side of the lining
  • the lining and the waterproof fabric layer are sewn together.
  • the waterproof adhesive layer is one with soft waterproof adhesive
  • the waterproof fabric layer is one with ultra-thin inextensible high-fiber waterproof fabric.
  • the counter position of the upper is of a soft and elastic counter structure which is provided with a counter pad, and the counter pad is arranged between the leather surface layer and the lining and fixedly adhered with the lining and the leather surface layer.
  • the counter pad is provided with an inner gasket and an outer gasket
  • the inner gasket is one formed by a soft foaming adhesive layer
  • the outer gasket is one formed by a thermoplastic adhesive piece
  • the inner gasket and the outer gasket are adhered together, the inner gasket and the lining are fixedly adhered, and the outer gasket and the leather surface layer are fixedly adhered.
  • the heel is arranged as a soft and elastic heel structure
  • the soft and elastic heel structure is provided with a heel shell and a heel pad
  • the heel shell is arranged as a nest-type concave heel shell
  • the heel pad is matched with the heel shell, arranged in the heel shell, and fixedly connected with the heel shell.
  • a manufacturing method of leather shoes comprises the following steps: manufacturing of soles: each sole is transversely cut from the ball position to form the bottom layer and the leather upper layer, then column holes are punched in the bottom layer, the injection materials are poured into each column hole to form the columns, simultaneously, the sole waterproof layer is formed above the bottom layer, finally the leather upper layer is adhered and reset with the sole waterproof layer and the bottom layer to form the integrated sole; manufacturing of heels: the manufacturing of heels comprises: manufacturing of the nest-type concave heel shell, the manufacturing of the heel pad matching with the heel shell, and the adhesion and nail-up of the heel shell and the heel pad; manufacturing of counter pads: the inner gasket and the outer gasket are adhered together, and are put into a mould to heat for shaping in order to form the integrated counter pad; manufacturing of uppers: the waterproof adhesive layer is coated on the inner side of the lining, the waterproof fabric layer is adhered with the lining, then the counter pad is arranged between the lining and the leather surface layer of the counter part, and finally the waterproof fabric layer, the
  • the comfort and the waterproof performance of the leather shoes are improved from each part forming the leather shoes.
  • the sole comprises a bottom layer and a leather upper layer
  • a waterproof structure is arranged in the sole at the ball position
  • an elastic wearable structure is arranged in the sole at the position of the ground contacting part of the ball
  • an upper waterproof anti-deformation structure is arranged on the upper. Therefore, the whole leather shoes have not only excellent waterproof performance, but also excellent comfort.
  • the sole waterproof structure is provided with a sole waterproof layer, an elastic wearable structure is arranged in the sole at the position of the ground contacting part of the ball, the elastic wearable structure is provided with columns and column holes located in the bottom layer, the columns are filled and arranged in the column holes and protrude 1.5-3.5mm from the sole, end surfaces of the columns, passing through the bottom layer, are adhered with the sole waterproof layer to form an integrated structure, or the columns and the sole waterproof layer are integrally injected to form the integrated structure in which the columns pass through the bottom layer, in one aspect, waterproof performance can be sufficient, in another aspect, after the leather shoes are assembled, the columns can be adhered with the sole waterproof layer and the bottom layer more firmly.
  • the design is made according to the stress situation of the leather shoes after the user wears the leather shoes.
  • the column holes of the sole are arranged at the position of the ground contacting part of the ball, columns made of soft, wearable and elastic chemically synthetic materials are filled and arranged in the column holes and protrude 2-3mm from the sole, such design takes ground contacting stress situation of the ball into consideration, columns are added to be able to increase the elasticity of the leather shoes effectively, the customers may be hard to have foot fatigue even long-term wearing, besides, the elastic and wearable effect due to the columns protruded from the sole can not only prevent direct friction of the sole with the ground, but also improve the anti-skid effect of the leather shoes.
  • the heel shell the heel is designed as nest-type concave shape, a heel pad which is matched with the structure of the heel shell is adhered in the heel shell, the heel pad is made of elastic materials, and thus a soft and elastic heel structure is formed.
  • an upper waterproof anti-deformation structure is also arranged on the uppers of the leather shoes.
  • a waterproof adhesive layer is coated on the lining of the leather shoes, and a waterproof fabric layer is also arranged on the inner side of the lining.
  • the waterproof adhesive layer is arranged as a soft waterproof adhesive layer, the softness of the leather shoes can be guaranteed, and defects such as foot rubbing can be avoided.
  • the waterproof fabric layer is arranged as an ultra-thin inextensible high-fiber waterproof fabric layer, thus it has hard-deformation and waterproof functions. Therefore, the uppers of the leather shoes have waterproof and anti-deformation features.
  • a counter pad is also arranged at the position of the counter on the uppers of the leather shoes, the counter pad is arranged between the upper and the lining, the counter pad comprises an inner gasket and an outer gasket, the inner gasket and the lining are fixedly adhered, the outer gasket and the upper are fixedly adhered, the inner gasket is one formed by a soft foaming adhesive layer, and the outer gasket is one formed by a thermoplastic adhesive piece.
  • the inner gasket is soft and contacts the feet, the shape structure of the outer gasket can support the appearance of the leather shoes such that the leather shoes have nice appearance, thus the arrangement of the counter pad can improve the wearing comfort for the customers, without affecting the nice appearance of the leather shoes.
  • the leather shoes in the disclosure have advantages of waterproof and anti-deformation performance, comfort, excellent wearable performance and elasticity, and grace.
  • the manufacturing method of leather shoes in the disclosure comprises: soles, heels, counter pads and uppers are manufactured respectively or in turn, and then all parts obtained are adhered and/or sewn together to form the integrated leather shoes.
  • Each manufacturing process is simple and can be completed by existing processing equipment and processing process.
  • the manufacturing method is convenient in processing and low in cost and the like.
  • the elastic wearable structure of the sole 1 is provided with column holes 121 and columns 122, the column holes 121 and the columns 122 are formed in the bottom layer 12, the column holes 121 are arranged in the bottom layer 12 of the sole 1 at the position of the ground contacting part of the ball according to the humanized design requirement and human mechanics feature, the columns 122 are arranged in the column holes 121 and the column holes 121 are full of the columns 122, and the protruding parts of the columns 122 protrude from the bottom layer 12 of the sole 1 and contact with the bottom surface of the bottom layer 12.
  • the waterproof layer 13 is set as 1.0-2.5mm, so that it has excellent waterproof performance.
  • the columns 122 usually protrude 1.5-3.5mm from the sole, the columns 122 are usually made of quite elastic and wearable materials, the arrangement of the columns 122 can improve the elasticity of the leather shoes effectively, so that the customers are hard to have foot fatigue even wearing for a long time, besides, the elastic and wearable effect of the columns 122 also can prevent direct friction of the sole 1 with the ground to improve the anti-skid effect of the leather shoes.
  • the heel 2 is arranged as a soft and elastic heel structure, the heel 2 comprises a heel shell 21, a heel pad 22 and an outer heel pad 23, as shown in Fig. 6 , the heel shell 21 is arranged as a nest-type concave heel shell 21, as the heel shell 21 is arranged as a nest-type concave shape, the heel pad 22 can be put in the heel shell conveniently.
  • the heel pad 22 and the heel shell 21 are matched in structure and are fixedly adhered by adhesive.
  • the outer heel pad 23 is arranged at the lower part of the heel shell 21, the outer heel pad 23 is configured to protect the heel 2 of the leather shoes in order to prevent abrasion of the heel 2.
  • the heel shell 21 is an ultra-light plastic heel shell with high hardness and high strength, in this way, it can be ensured that the heel shell 21 has good support performance, the heel pad 22 is arranged as a soft and elastic heel pad, in this way, after the heel pad 22 is assembled with the heel shell 21, customers have excellent comfort after wearing the shoes, no foot rubbing is caused as the contact part of the leather shoes and the heel is relatively soft, simultaneously, no defect such as deformation of the heel 2 is caused.
  • the heel shell 21 is a plastic product, it is able to prevent water from entering the leather shoes from the heel 21, waterproof function is realized.
  • the upper 4 is provided with a waterproof anti-deformation structure.
  • the upper 4 comprises a leather surface layer 42, a lining 41 and a waterproof anti-deformation structure
  • the waterproof anti-deformation structure is provided with a waterproof adhesive layer and a waterproof fabric layer
  • the waterproof adhesive layer is one with soft waterproof adhesive
  • the waterproof fabric layer is one with ultra-thin inextensible high-fiber waterproof fabric
  • the lining 41 is arranged on the inner side of the leather surface layer 42
  • the waterproof fabric layer is adhesively arranged on the inner side of the lining through the waterproof adhesive layer which is coated on the inner side of the lining 41, and the lining 41 and the waterproof fabric layer are sewn together.
  • the arrangement of the waterproof adhesive layer and the waterproof fabric layer on the inner side of the lining 41 of the upper 4 enables the leather shoes to have waterproof anti-deformation effect.
  • the waterproof adhesive layer is arranged as a soft waterproof adhesive layer, it is able to guarantee the softness of the leather shoes and avoid defects such as foot rubbing.
  • the waterproof fabric layer is one with ultra-thin inextensible high-fiber waterproof fabric, so that it has waterproof and anti-deformation features after being sewn with the lining.
  • the counter position 3 of the upper 4 is provided with a soft and elastic counter structure which is provided with a counter pad 33, the counter pad 33 is arranged between the leather surface layer 42 and the lining 41 of the upper 4 as shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 and fixedly adhered with the lining 41 and the leather surface layer 42.
  • the counter pad 33 is provided with an inner gasket and an outer gasket, the inner gasket and the lining 41 are fixedly adhered, and the outer gasket and the leather surface layer 42 are fixedly adhered.
  • the inner gasket is one formed by a soft foaming adhesive layer
  • the outer gasket is one formed by a thermoplastic adhesive piece, in this way, the inner gasket and the lining 41 contacted with the counter are soft without rubbing the feet, while the outer gasket has a specific shape to show the graceful appearance of the leather shoes.
  • the leather shoes in the disclosure all aspects of the leather shoes are taken into consideration, the waterproof performance of the leather shoes and the comfort of the customers are taken into consideration from each perspective, therefore the leather shoes in the disclosure have not only excellent waterproof and anti-deformation features, but also advantages such as comfort, wearable performance and high elasticity.
  • the manufacturing method of leather shoes in the disclosure comprises the following steps: manufacturing of soles, manufacturing of heels, manufacturing of counter pads, manufacturing of uppers, and assembling processing of leather shoes, wherein the manufacturing of soles, manufacturing of heels, manufacturing of counter pads, and manufacturing of uppers may be carried out orderly according to above steps, also may be carried out respectively and then all parts obtained are assembled to form the integrated leather shoes.
  • the sole 1 when the sole 1 is manufactured, the sole 1 may be transversely cut from the ball position to form the bottom layer 12 and the leather upper layer 11, as shown in Fig. 4 , then according to the standing position of the ball during walking, column holes 121 are punched in the bottom layer 12 by a cutting mould. The punched sole 1 is then put in the corresponding mould, the injection materials are poured into each column hole 121 to form the columns 122, the sole waterproof layer 13 that is 1.0-2.5mm thick is formed above the bottom layer 12 of the cut sole 1, that is, the sole waterproof layer 13 and the columns 122 are injected to form an integrated structure, then the cut leather upper layer 11 is adhered and reset with the sole waterproof layer 13 and bottom layer 12 to form the integrated sole 1.
  • the manufacturing of heels comprises: manufacturing of the nest-type concave heel shell 21, the manufacturing of the heel pad 22 matching with the heel shell 21, and the adhesion and nail-up of the heel shell 21 and the heel pad 22.
  • the designed heel mould is made into the nest-type concave heel shell 21 with an ultra-light high-hardness high-strength plastic material, then the soft and elastic heel pad 22 which is matched with the heel shell in structure is put into and adhered with the heel shell 21, then the outer heel pad 23 is adhered and nailed-up, and finally the heel shell is assembled and nailed-up with the sole 1 to form a large semi-finished sole.
  • thermoplastic adhesive piece is cut as the outer gasket according to the required shape and specification, then foam latex about 2.0mm thick is coated inside the outer gasket to adhere the inner gasket and the outer gasket together, then the outer gasket is put into a thermo mould that is matched with the counter in shape for heating to form the counter pad 33 which is completely matched with the required heel counter.
  • the waterproof adhesive layer is coated on the inner side of the lining 41, the waterproof fabric layer is adhered with the lining 41 through the waterproof adhesive layer, the lining is arranged on the inner side of the leather surface layer 42, then the counter pad 33 is arranged between the lining 41 and the leather surface layer 42 of the counter part, and finally the waterproof fabric layer, the lining 41 and the leather surface layer 42 are sewn together.
  • the counter part 3 is usually manufactured like this: after the leather surface layer 42 and the lining 41 are sewn together, during the step of manufacturing the finished product, the counter pad is put between the lining 41 sleeved into a shoe last and the leather surface layer 42, so that the part contacting the heel forms a soft and elastic shoe counter.

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Abstract

A leather shoe has a sole (1) including a bottom layer (12) and a leather upper layer (11). A ball portion of the sole (1) is provided with a sole waterproof structure. The ground contacting part of the ball portion of the sole (1) is provided with an elastic wearable structure. An upper (4) is provided with an upper waterproof and anti-deformation structure. The sole waterproof structure comprises a sole waterproof layer (13). The sole waterproof layer (13) is provided between the bottom layer (12) and the leather upper layer (11) in the ball portion of the sole (1). The bottom layer (12), the leather upper layer (11) and the sole waterproof layer (13) are combined to form an integrated sole (1). The elastic wearable structure is provided with column holes (121) and columns (122). The column holes (121) are formed in the bottom layer (12). The columns (122) are provided in the column holes (121) and the column holes (121) are filled with the columns (122). The protrusion parts of the columns (122) protrude from the bottom layer (12) and contact with the bottom surface of the bottom layer (12). End surfaces of the columns (122) passing through the top surface of the bottom layer (12) are integrated with the sole waterproof layer (13). A manufacturing method of leather shoes includes a manufacturing process of the sole, a heel, a rear counter pad and the upper, and also shoe assembly.

Description

    Technical field of the invention
  • The disclosure relates to the field of shoes, in particular to leather shoes with elasticity and waterproof performance and a manufacturing method thereof. The application is based on the Chinese invention patent application No. 200910041801.1 submitted in Aug. 11, 2009, and all disclosed contents will be included in the text by reference.
  • Background of the invention
  • Leather shoes are common articles in people's daily life. Traditional leather shoes made fully of leather not only have graceful texture, but also show the status of the user; besides, as the insides thereof are made of genuine leather, moisture of feet can be absorbed, consequently, no smell is generated after long-term use.
  • In the conventional art, as the soles of the traditional leather shoes are usually made of stiff leather, the soles are lack of elasticity and poor in softness , the user may easily have foot fatigue when walking with such shoes, much more seriously, if the user walks for a long period with such shoes, calluses, dead skins or foot fatigue and the like may be generated easily due to long-term pressure and friction of the leather shoes on feet, which seriously affects the comfort of wearing the leather shoes of the user. In addition, the traditional full-leather shoes have no waterproof function, in moist or rainy days, the insides of the shoes become moist and the user may feel uncomfortable as the uppers and soles of the leather shoes absorb moisture, besides, the leather fiber deforms and becomes floppy easily after the leather shoes contact water, the wearable performance and adhesion strength of the leather shoes will decrease greatly, it is easy to cause the soles of the full-leather shoes to separate off the shoes or accelerate the abrasion of the leather shoes, to seriously affect the outside appearance of the leather shoes. Above defects limit the application occasions of the full-leather shoes, the demand of customers to wear and enjoy leather shoes for a long time no matter in which place and at which time cannot be met, which is undoubtedly a kind of waste for both manufacturers and customers.
  • Chinese patent ZL 96204675.2 disclosed "SOFT LEATHER SHOES WITH AUXILIARY ELASTICITY", the technical solution of the patent is that an auxiliary elastic layer is arranged in the front part inside the soles, a comfortable layer is arranged at the lower end of the inner gasket, the comfortable layer and the auxiliary elastic layer are made of soft materials such as foam plastics, sponge and rubber, in this way, the comfort of feet can be increased, and the soles can be more soft. Although the softness of leather shoes can be improved to some extent through this patent, the technical solution of the patent mainly improves the softness of the soles, instead of realizing the comfort and softness of the whole structure of leather shoes and meeting the demands of customers for application in various occasions. In addition, only depending on the auxiliary elastic layer and the comfortable layer, without considering factors such as humanized design and human mechanics, the patent cannot solve the demands of customers for comfort at all.
  • Chinese patent ZL 01125258.8 disclosed "WATERPROOF SHOES AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF", the feature of the waterproof shoes is that an inner waterproof sleeve is arranged inside shoes, and the inner waterproof sleeve is permeable to air but not to water. However, although the inner waterproof sleeve of the waterproof shoes has the waterproof function, the inner waterproof sleeve thereof may cause the user to feel uncomfortable when the user wears the waterproof shoes, therefore the demands of customers for comfort cannot be met at all.
  • Therefore, in allusion to defects of the conventional art, it is necessary to provide waterproof anti-deformation comfortable and graceful leather shoes and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • Summary of the invention
  • The purpose of the disclosure is to provide waterproof anti-deformation comfortable and graceful leather shoes with good wearable and elastic performance and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • The purpose of the disclosure is realized through the following technical solution:
    • leather shoes comprise soles, heels and uppers,
    • comprises a bottom layer and a leather upper layer, a sole waterproof structure is arranged in the sole at the position of the ball, an elastic wearable structure is arranged in the sole at the position of the ground contacting part of the ball, and an upper waterproof anti-deformation structure is arranged on the upper;
    • the sole waterproof structure is provided with a sole waterproof layer, the sole waterproof layer is arranged between the bottom layer and the leather upper layer in the sole, the sole waterproof layer is adhered in the bottom layer, and the bottom layer, the leather upper layer and the sole waterproof layer are combined to form the integrated sole;
    • the elastic wearable structure is provided with column holes and columns, the column holes are formed in the bottom layer, the columns are arranged in the column holes and the column holes are full of the columns, and the protruding parts of the columns protrude from the bottom layer and contact with the bottom surface of the bottom layer;
    • end surfaces of the columns, passing through the top surface of the bottom layer, are integrated with the sole waterproof layer, or the columns and the sole waterproof layer are integrally injected to form the integrated structure in which the columns pass through the bottom layer.
  • Preferably, the thickness of the sole waterproof layer is set as 1.0-2.5mm and the protruding parts of the columns protrude 1.5-3.5mm from the sole.
  • More preferably, the thickness of the sole waterproof layer is set as 1.5-2mm and the protruding parts of the columns protrude 2-3mm from the sole.
  • Still preferably, the columns are ones made of soft, wearable and elastic chemically synthetic materials.
  • Yet preferably, the upper comprises a leather surface layer, a lining and a waterproof anti-deformation structure, the waterproof anti-deformation structure is provided with a waterproof adhesive layer and a waterproof fabric layer, the lining is arranged on the inner side of the leather surface layer, the waterproof fabric layer is adhesively arranged on the inner side of the lining through the waterproof adhesive layer which is coated on the inner side of the lining, and the lining and the waterproof fabric layer are sewn together.
  • More preferably, the waterproof adhesive layer is one with soft waterproof adhesive, and the waterproof fabric layer is one with ultra-thin inextensible high-fiber waterproof fabric.
  • Still preferably, the counter position of the upper is of a soft and elastic counter structure which is provided with a counter pad, and the counter pad is arranged between the leather surface layer and the lining and fixedly adhered with the lining and the leather surface layer.
  • Further, the counter pad is provided with an inner gasket and an outer gasket, the inner gasket is one formed by a soft foaming adhesive layer, the outer gasket is one formed by a thermoplastic adhesive piece, the inner gasket and the outer gasket are adhered together, the inner gasket and the lining are fixedly adhered, and the outer gasket and the leather surface layer are fixedly adhered.
  • Yet preferably, the heel is arranged as a soft and elastic heel structure, the soft and elastic heel structure is provided with a heel shell and a heel pad, the heel shell is arranged as a nest-type concave heel shell, the heel pad is matched with the heel shell, arranged in the heel shell, and fixedly connected with the heel shell.
  • A manufacturing method of leather shoes comprises the following steps:
    manufacturing of soles: each sole is transversely cut from the ball position to form the bottom layer and the leather upper layer, then column holes are punched in the bottom layer, the injection materials are poured into each column hole to form the columns, simultaneously, the sole waterproof layer is formed above the bottom layer, finally the leather upper layer is adhered and reset with the sole waterproof layer and the bottom layer to form the integrated sole;
    manufacturing of heels: the manufacturing of heels comprises: manufacturing of the nest-type concave heel shell, the manufacturing of the heel pad matching with the heel shell, and the adhesion and nail-up of the heel shell and the heel pad;
    manufacturing of counter pads: the inner gasket and the outer gasket are adhered together, and are put into a mould to heat for shaping in order to form the integrated counter pad;
    manufacturing of uppers: the waterproof adhesive layer is coated on the inner side of the lining, the waterproof fabric layer is adhered with the lining, then the counter pad is arranged between the lining and the leather surface layer of the counter part, and finally the waterproof fabric layer, the lining and the leather surface layer are sewn together;
    assembling processing of leather shoes: the soles, heels and uppers, which are manufactured respectively or in turn in above steps, are adhered and/or sewn, to form integrated leather shoes.
  • According to the leather shoes in the disclosure, the comfort and the waterproof performance of the leather shoes are improved from each part forming the leather shoes. As the sole comprises a bottom layer and a leather upper layer, a waterproof structure is arranged in the sole at the ball position, an elastic wearable structure is arranged in the sole at the position of the ground contacting part of the ball, and an upper waterproof anti-deformation structure is arranged on the upper. Therefore, the whole leather shoes have not only excellent waterproof performance, but also excellent comfort. The sole waterproof structure is provided with a sole waterproof layer, an elastic wearable structure is arranged in the sole at the position of the ground contacting part of the ball, the elastic wearable structure is provided with columns and column holes located in the bottom layer, the columns are filled and arranged in the column holes and protrude 1.5-3.5mm from the sole, end surfaces of the columns, passing through the bottom layer, are adhered with the sole waterproof layer to form an integrated structure, or the columns and the sole waterproof layer are integrally injected to form the integrated structure in which the columns pass through the bottom layer, in one aspect, waterproof performance can be sufficient, in another aspect, after the leather shoes are assembled, the columns can be adhered with the sole waterproof layer and the bottom layer more firmly. In addition, the design is made according to the stress situation of the leather shoes after the user wears the leather shoes. The column holes of the sole are arranged at the position of the ground contacting part of the ball, columns made of soft, wearable and elastic chemically synthetic materials are filled and arranged in the column holes and protrude 2-3mm from the sole, such design takes ground contacting stress situation of the ball into consideration, columns are added to be able to increase the elasticity of the leather shoes effectively, the customers may be hard to have foot fatigue even long-term wearing, besides, the elastic and wearable effect due to the columns protruded from the sole can not only prevent direct friction of the sole with the ground, but also improve the anti-skid effect of the leather shoes.
  • The heel shell the heel is designed as nest-type concave shape, a heel pad which is matched with the structure of the heel shell is adhered in the heel shell, the heel pad is made of elastic materials, and thus a soft and elastic heel structure is formed.
  • Besides the leather surface layer and the lining, an upper waterproof anti-deformation structure is also arranged on the uppers of the leather shoes. A waterproof adhesive layer is coated on the lining of the leather shoes, and a waterproof fabric layer is also arranged on the inner side of the lining. Such design enables the molded leather shoes to have the waterproof effect. In addition, as the waterproof adhesive layer is arranged as a soft waterproof adhesive layer, the softness of the leather shoes can be guaranteed, and defects such as foot rubbing can be avoided. The waterproof fabric layer is arranged as an ultra-thin inextensible high-fiber waterproof fabric layer, thus it has hard-deformation and waterproof functions. Therefore, the uppers of the leather shoes have waterproof and anti-deformation features.
  • A counter pad is also arranged at the position of the counter on the uppers of the leather shoes, the counter pad is arranged between the upper and the lining, the counter pad comprises an inner gasket and an outer gasket, the inner gasket and the lining are fixedly adhered, the outer gasket and the upper are fixedly adhered, the inner gasket is one formed by a soft foaming adhesive layer, and the outer gasket is one formed by a thermoplastic adhesive piece. The inner gasket is soft and contacts the feet, the shape structure of the outer gasket can support the appearance of the leather shoes such that the leather shoes have nice appearance, thus the arrangement of the counter pad can improve the wearing comfort for the customers, without affecting the nice appearance of the leather shoes.
  • In conclusion, compared with the conventional art, the leather shoes in the disclosure have advantages of waterproof and anti-deformation performance, comfort, excellent wearable performance and elasticity, and grace.
  • The manufacturing method of leather shoes in the disclosure comprises: soles, heels, counter pads and uppers are manufactured respectively or in turn, and then all parts obtained are adhered and/or sewn together to form the integrated leather shoes. Each manufacturing process is simple and can be completed by existing processing equipment and processing process. The manufacturing method is convenient in processing and low in cost and the like.
  • Brief description of the drawings
  • The disclosure will be further described with reference to drawings, but contents in the drawings do not form any limit to the disclosure.
    • Fig. 1 shows a structure diagram of leather shoes in the disclosure;
    • Fig. 2 shows the structure diagram of A-A section of Fig. 1;
    • Fig. 3 shows the structure diagram of the sole and heel in Fig. 1;
    • Fig. 4 shows the structure diagram of the sole in Fig. 3;
    • Fig. 5 shows the structure diagram of the sole in Fig. 3;
    • Fig. 6 shows the structure diagram of the heel in Fig. 1;
    • Fig. 7 shows the structure diagram of the counter in Fig. 1; and
    • Fig. 8 shows the structure diagram of the counter and heel in Fig. 1.
  • In Fig. 1 to Fig. 8,
    • sole 1, heel 2, counter 3, upper 4, leather upper layer 11, bottom layer 12, waterproof layer 13,
    • column hole 121, column 122, heel shell 21, heel pad 22, outer heel pad 23, lining 41,
    • leather surface layer 42 and counter pad 33.
    Detailed description of the invention
  • The disclosure will be further described with the following embodiments:
    • leather shoes, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, comprise soles 1, heels 2 and uppers 4, a sole waterproof structure is arranged in the sole 1 at the position of the ball, an elastic wearable structure is arranged in the sole 1 at the position of the ground contacting part of the ball, an upper waterproof anti-deformation structure is arranged on the upper 4, and the sole 1, the heel 2 and the upper 4 three parts are adhered and/or sewn together firmly. A bottom layer 12, a leather upper layer 11 and a sole waterproof structure are arranged in the sole 1 at the position of the ball, the sole waterproof structure is provided with a sole waterproof layer 13, as shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the waterproof layer 13 is arranged between the bottom layer 12 and the leather upper layer 11 in the sole 1 at the position of the ball, the waterproof layer 13 is adhered in the bottom layer 12, and the bottom layer 12, the leather upper layer 11 and the sole waterproof layer 13 are combined to form the integrated sole 1.
  • The elastic wearable structure of the sole 1 is provided with column holes 121 and columns 122, the column holes 121 and the columns 122 are formed in the bottom layer 12, the column holes 121 are arranged in the bottom layer 12 of the sole 1 at the position of the ground contacting part of the ball according to the humanized design requirement and human mechanics feature, the columns 122 are arranged in the column holes 121 and the column holes 121 are full of the columns 122, and the protruding parts of the columns 122 protrude from the bottom layer 12 of the sole 1 and contact with the bottom surface of the bottom layer 12. End surfaces of the columns 122, passing through the bottom layer 12, are adhered with the waterproof layer 13 of the sole 1 to form an integrated structure, or the columns 122 and the waterproof layer 13 of the sole 1 are integrally injected to form the integrated structure in which the columns 122 pass through the bottom layer 12, in order to form an internal waterproof function, in this way, the whole sole 1 has excellent waterproof performance. The waterproof layer 13 is set as 1.0-2.5mm, so that it has excellent waterproof performance. The columns 122 usually protrude 1.5-3.5mm from the sole, the columns 122 are usually made of quite elastic and wearable materials, the arrangement of the columns 122 can improve the elasticity of the leather shoes effectively, so that the customers are hard to have foot fatigue even wearing for a long time, besides, the elastic and wearable effect of the columns 122 also can prevent direct friction of the sole 1 with the ground to improve the anti-skid effect of the leather shoes.
  • The heel 2 is arranged as a soft and elastic heel structure, the heel 2 comprises a heel shell 21, a heel pad 22 and an outer heel pad 23, as shown in Fig. 6, the heel shell 21 is arranged as a nest-type concave heel shell 21, as the heel shell 21 is arranged as a nest-type concave shape, the heel pad 22 can be put in the heel shell conveniently. The heel pad 22 and the heel shell 21 are matched in structure and are fixedly adhered by adhesive. The outer heel pad 23 is arranged at the lower part of the heel shell 21, the outer heel pad 23 is configured to protect the heel 2 of the leather shoes in order to prevent abrasion of the heel 2. Usually, the heel shell 21 is an ultra-light plastic heel shell with high hardness and high strength, in this way, it can be ensured that the heel shell 21 has good support performance, the heel pad 22 is arranged as a soft and elastic heel pad, in this way, after the heel pad 22 is assembled with the heel shell 21, customers have excellent comfort after wearing the shoes, no foot rubbing is caused as the contact part of the leather shoes and the heel is relatively soft, simultaneously, no defect such as deformation of the heel 2 is caused. As the heel shell 21 is a plastic product, it is able to prevent water from entering the leather shoes from the heel 21, waterproof function is realized.
  • To make the leather shoes have good waterproof performance, the upper 4 is provided with a waterproof anti-deformation structure. The upper 4 comprises a leather surface layer 42, a lining 41 and a waterproof anti-deformation structure, the waterproof anti-deformation structure is provided with a waterproof adhesive layer and a waterproof fabric layer, the waterproof adhesive layer is one with soft waterproof adhesive, the waterproof fabric layer is one with ultra-thin inextensible high-fiber waterproof fabric, the lining 41 is arranged on the inner side of the leather surface layer 42, the waterproof fabric layer is adhesively arranged on the inner side of the lining through the waterproof adhesive layer which is coated on the inner side of the lining 41, and the lining 41 and the waterproof fabric layer are sewn together. The arrangement of the waterproof adhesive layer and the waterproof fabric layer on the inner side of the lining 41 of the upper 4 enables the leather shoes to have waterproof anti-deformation effect. As the waterproof adhesive layer is arranged as a soft waterproof adhesive layer, it is able to guarantee the softness of the leather shoes and avoid defects such as foot rubbing. The waterproof fabric layer is one with ultra-thin inextensible high-fiber waterproof fabric, so that it has waterproof and anti-deformation features after being sewn with the lining.
  • To make the leather shoes have good comfort, the counter position 3 of the upper 4 is provided with a soft and elastic counter structure which is provided with a counter pad 33, the counter pad 33 is arranged between the leather surface layer 42 and the lining 41 of the upper 4 as shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 and fixedly adhered with the lining 41 and the leather surface layer 42. The counter pad 33 is provided with an inner gasket and an outer gasket, the inner gasket and the lining 41 are fixedly adhered, and the outer gasket and the leather surface layer 42 are fixedly adhered. The inner gasket is one formed by a soft foaming adhesive layer, and the outer gasket is one formed by a thermoplastic adhesive piece, in this way, the inner gasket and the lining 41 contacted with the counter are soft without rubbing the feet, while the outer gasket has a specific shape to show the graceful appearance of the leather shoes.
  • According to the leather shoes in the disclosure, all aspects of the leather shoes are taken into consideration, the waterproof performance of the leather shoes and the comfort of the customers are taken into consideration from each perspective, therefore the leather shoes in the disclosure have not only excellent waterproof and anti-deformation features, but also advantages such as comfort, wearable performance and high elasticity.
  • The manufacturing method of leather shoes in the disclosure comprises the following steps: manufacturing of soles, manufacturing of heels, manufacturing of counter pads, manufacturing of uppers, and assembling processing of leather shoes, wherein the manufacturing of soles, manufacturing of heels, manufacturing of counter pads, and manufacturing of uppers may be carried out orderly according to above steps, also may be carried out respectively and then all parts obtained are assembled to form the integrated leather shoes.
  • Manufacturing of soles: when the sole 1 is manufactured, the sole 1 may be transversely cut from the ball position to form the bottom layer 12 and the leather upper layer 11, as shown in Fig. 4, then according to the standing position of the ball during walking, column holes 121 are punched in the bottom layer 12 by a cutting mould. The punched sole 1 is then put in the corresponding mould, the injection materials are poured into each column hole 121 to form the columns 122, the sole waterproof layer 13 that is 1.0-2.5mm thick is formed above the bottom layer 12 of the cut sole 1, that is, the sole waterproof layer 13 and the columns 122 are injected to form an integrated structure, then the cut leather upper layer 11 is adhered and reset with the sole waterproof layer 13 and bottom layer 12 to form the integrated sole 1.
  • Manufacturing of heels: the manufacturing of heels comprises: manufacturing of the nest-type concave heel shell 21, the manufacturing of the heel pad 22 matching with the heel shell 21, and the adhesion and nail-up of the heel shell 21 and the heel pad 22. During manufacturing, the designed heel mould is made into the nest-type concave heel shell 21 with an ultra-light high-hardness high-strength plastic material, then the soft and elastic heel pad 22 which is matched with the heel shell in structure is put into and adhered with the heel shell 21, then the outer heel pad 23 is adhered and nailed-up, and finally the heel shell is assembled and nailed-up with the sole 1 to form a large semi-finished sole.
  • Manufacturing of counter pads: the inner gasket and the outer gasket are adhered together, and are put into a mould to heat for shaping in order to form the integrated counter pad 33. Specifically, thermoplastic adhesive piece is cut as the outer gasket according to the required shape and specification, then foam latex about 2.0mm thick is coated inside the outer gasket to adhere the inner gasket and the outer gasket together, then the outer gasket is put into a thermo mould that is matched with the counter in shape for heating to form the counter pad 33 which is completely matched with the required heel counter.
  • Manufacturing of uppers: the waterproof adhesive layer is coated on the inner side of the lining 41, the waterproof fabric layer is adhered with the lining 41 through the waterproof adhesive layer, the lining is arranged on the inner side of the leather surface layer 42, then the counter pad 33 is arranged between the lining 41 and the leather surface layer 42 of the counter part, and finally the waterproof fabric layer, the lining 41 and the leather surface layer 42 are sewn together. The counter part 3 is usually manufactured like this: after the leather surface layer 42 and the lining 41 are sewn together, during the step of manufacturing the finished product, the counter pad is put between the lining 41 sleeved into a shoe last and the leather surface layer 42, so that the part contacting the heel forms a soft and elastic shoe counter.
  • Assembling processing of leather shoes: the soles, heels and uppers, which are manufactured respectively or in turn in above steps, are adhered and/or sewn, to form integrated leather shoes.
  • It should be noted that above embodiments are used just for describing the technical solution of the disclosure instead of limiting the protection scope of the disclosure, although the disclosure has been described in details with reference to preferred embodiments, it should be understood by common technicians in the field that the technical solution of the disclosure may have various modifications and equivalent replacements within the principle and scope of the technical solution of the disclosure.
  • Industrial applicability
  • In the disclosure, all parts of leather shoes including soles, heels and uppers are designed, the waterproof performance of leather shoes and the comfort of customers are taken into consideration from each perspective, therefore the leather shoes have not only excellent waterproof and anti-deformation features, but also advantages such as comfort, wearable performance and high elasticity. The leather shoes have good market prospect.

Claims (10)

  1. Leather shoes, comprising soles, heels and uppers, wherein:
    the sole comprises a bottom layer and a leather upper layer, a sole waterproof structure is arranged in the sole at the position of the ball, an elastic wearable structure is arranged in the sole at the position of the ground contacting part of the ball, and an upper waterproof anti-deformation structure is arranged on the upper;
    the sole waterproof structure is provided with a sole waterproof layer, the sole waterproof layer is arranged between the bottom layer and the leather upper layer in the sole, the sole waterproof layer is adhered in the bottom layer, and the bottom layer, the leather upper layer and the sole waterproof layer are combined to form the integrated sole;
    the elastic wearable structure is provided with column holes and columns, the column holes are formed in the bottom layer, the columns are arranged in the column holes and the column holes are full of the columns, and the protruding parts of the columns protrude from the bottom layer and contact with the bottom surface of the bottom layer;
    end surfaces of the columns, passing through the top surface of the bottom layer, are integrated with the sole waterproof layer, or the columns and the sole waterproof layer are integrally injected to form the integrated structure in which the columns pass through the bottom layer.
  2. The leather shoes according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the sole waterproof layer is set as 1.0-2.5mm and the protruding parts of the columns protrude 1.5-3.5mm from the sole.
  3. The leather shoes according to claim 2, wherein the thickness of the sole waterproof layer is set as 1.5-2mm and the protruding parts of the columns protrude 2-3mm from the sole.
  4. The leather shoes according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, wherein the columns are ones made of soft, wearable and elastic chemically synthetic materials.
  5. The leather shoes according to claim 1, wherein the upper comprises a leather surface layer, a lining and a waterproof anti-deformation structure, the waterproof anti-deformation structure is provided with a waterproof adhesive layer and a waterproof fabric layer, the lining is arranged on the inner side of the leather surface layer, the waterproof fabric layer is adhesively arranged on the inner side of the lining through the waterproof adhesive layer which is coated on the inner side of the lining, and the lining and the waterproof fabric layer are sewn together.
  6. The leather shoes according to claim 5, wherein the waterproof adhesive layer is one with soft waterproof adhesive, and the waterproof fabric layer is one with ultra-thin inextensible high-fiber waterproof fabric.
  7. The leather shoes according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the counter position of the upper is of a soft and elastic counter structure which is provided with a counter pad, and the counter pad is arranged between the leather surface layer and the lining and fixedly adhered with the lining and the leather surface layer.
  8. The leather shoes according to claim 7, wherein the counter pad is provided with an inner gasket and an outer gasket, the inner gasket is one formed by a soft foaming adhesive layer, the outer gasket is one formed by a thermoplastic adhesive piece, the inner gasket and the outer gasket are adhered together, the inner gasket and the lining are fixedly adhered, and the outer gasket and the leather surface layer are fixedly adhered.
  9. The leather shoes according to claim 1, wherein the heel is arranged as a soft and elastic heel structure, the soft and elastic heel structure is provided with a heel shell and a heel pad, the heel shell is arranged as a nest-type concave heel shell, the heel pad is matched with the heel shell, arranged in the heel shell, and fixedly connected with the heel shell.
  10. A manufacturing method of leather shoes, comprising the following steps:
    manufacturing of soles: the sole is transversely cut from the ball position to form the bottom layer and the leather upper layer, then column holes are punched in the bottom layer, the injection materials are poured into each column hole to form the columns, simultaneously, the sole waterproof layer is formed above the bottom layer, finally the leather upper layer is adhered and reset with the sole waterproof layer and the bottom layer to form the integrated sole;
    manufacturing of heels: the manufacturing of heels comprises: manufacturing of the nest-type concave heel shell, the manufacturing of the heel pad matching with the heel shell, and the adhesion and nail-up of the heel shell and the heel pad;
    manufacturing of counter pads: the inner gasket and the outer gasket are adhered together, and are put into a mould to heat for shaping in order to form the integrated counter pad;
    manufacturing of uppers: the waterproof adhesive layer is coated on the inner side of the lining, the waterproof fabric layer is adhered with the lining, then the counter pad is arranged between the lining and the leather surface layer of the counter part, and finally the waterproof fabric layer, the lining and the leather surface layer are sewn together;
    assembling processing of leather shoes: the soles, heels and uppers, which are manufactured respectively or in turn in above steps, are adhered and/or sewn, to form integrated leather shoes.
EP09848184.9A 2009-08-11 2009-09-12 Leather shoe and manufacture method thereof Withdrawn EP2465372A4 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN 200910041801 CN101627845B (en) 2009-08-11 2009-08-11 Leather shoes and production method thereof
PCT/CN2009/073903 WO2011017854A1 (en) 2009-08-11 2009-09-12 Leather shoe and manufacture method thereof

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EP2465372A1 true EP2465372A1 (en) 2012-06-20
EP2465372A4 EP2465372A4 (en) 2013-05-01

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EP (1) EP2465372A4 (en)
CN (1) CN101627845B (en)
WO (1) WO2011017854A1 (en)

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CN101627845B (en) 2011-06-29
CN101627845A (en) 2010-01-20
WO2011017854A1 (en) 2011-02-17
WO2011017854A8 (en) 2012-03-08
EP2465372A4 (en) 2013-05-01

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