EP2454609B1 - Suivi et surveillance sans fil de sceau électronique - Google Patents

Suivi et surveillance sans fil de sceau électronique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2454609B1
EP2454609B1 EP10800498.7A EP10800498A EP2454609B1 EP 2454609 B1 EP2454609 B1 EP 2454609B1 EP 10800498 A EP10800498 A EP 10800498A EP 2454609 B1 EP2454609 B1 EP 2454609B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
seal
electronic seal
battery
processor
security
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10800498.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2454609A1 (fr
EP2454609A4 (fr
Inventor
Timothy Dirk Stevens
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deal Magic Inc
Savi Technology Inc
Original Assignee
Deal Magic Inc
Savi Technology Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deal Magic Inc, Savi Technology Inc filed Critical Deal Magic Inc
Priority to EP13172053.4A priority Critical patent/EP2648144B1/fr
Publication of EP2454609A1 publication Critical patent/EP2454609A1/fr
Publication of EP2454609A4 publication Critical patent/EP2454609A4/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2454609B1 publication Critical patent/EP2454609B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/02—Mechanical actuation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/0009—Transmission of position information to remote stations
    • G01S5/0018—Transmission from mobile station to base station
    • G01S5/0027—Transmission from mobile station to base station of actual mobile position, i.e. position determined on mobile

Definitions

  • This subject matter is related generally to providing in-transit visibility of shipments in real-time.
  • e-Seals electronic security seals
  • Conventional electronic security seals improve upon mechanical seals, as they can provide a wireless report of a security tamper.
  • e-Seals are limited by a need for external power such as from the cab of a truck, which is not available for other intermodal transport such as trains, barges or ships. Power consumption limits battery powered e-Seals to infrequent location and reporting updates.
  • WO 2006/053566 (A1 ) describes a system for monitoring a container for transporting cargo.
  • the system includes an onboard device attached to the container and a central computer system.
  • the central computer system processes alerts transmitted by the onboard device.
  • the onboard device includes a processor/sensor component and an antenna component.
  • the processor/sensor component comprises a processor for controlling the device.
  • the processor/sensor component also includes one or more sensor in communication with the processor for sensing container conditions.
  • a satellite modem in the processor/sensor component transmits alerts relating to container conditions and other satellite communications.
  • the antenna component includes a satellite antenna, which is connected to the satellite modem.
  • US 2008/041124 (A1 ) describes a steel bar for securing and tracking shipping containers including an elongated body member and a length adjusting member.
  • the bar includes a curved first end and a flange portion at a second end having a plurality of apertures.
  • the length adjusting member includes a body member having a plurality of sidewalls with each sidewall having a slot for insertion therethrough of the body member.
  • a cross bar having an aperture is provided between two of the sidewalls.
  • a front wall can be provided between the same two sidewalls and hides the cross member.
  • the adjusting member is positioned along the body member to a desired position, where the cross bar aperture is aligned with one of the plurality of apertures of the flange portion.
  • a padlock is inserted into the aligned apertures to lock the steel bar in place and prevent movement of the adjustment member.
  • the steel bar and the padlock can be used in a system that uses, as an electronic seals placed on the doors of the
  • US 2008/224875 A1 describes an apparatus including an enclosure for an RFID reader to be affixed to a storage container;an RFID reader that scans a first storage container using a first antenna and a second storage container using a second antenna; and a networked system of RFID apparatuses including a primary RFID apparatus and secondary RFID apparatuses that are controlled by the primary RFID apparatus.
  • An improved electronic security seal (e-Seal) is disclosed.
  • the e-Seal can monitor the security of shipments including intermodal containers, report tampers in real-time, monitor environmental status of the goods and report exceptions in real-time, and report the location of the shipment with sufficient frequency to allow management of supply chain exception events.
  • the security monitoring complies with the ISO 17712 international standard for container security seals, adding electronic real-time reporting of tamper time and location as well as tamper indication to thwart undetected tampering.
  • the e-Seal can be manufactured and operated at low cost due to a number of diagnostic and logistic features designed into the e-Seal.
  • the e-Seal supports low cost upgrades to multiple form factors and usages due to a modular architecture allowing a plug-in update of one function without requiring redesign of other e-Seal functions.
  • the e-Seal allows flexible usage across a myriad of supply chain tradelanes, long and short, domestic and international, due to highly programmable operation including over-the-air remote programming via wireless communications.
  • the e-Seal provides low power operation to save battery usage and lower costs.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example electronic security seal (e-Seal) system 100.
  • the e-Seal system 100 can include an e-Seal 101, an asset 102 (e.g., a container 102), a navigation system 103 (e.g., GPS), a wireless communications system 104 and a tracking service 105 (e.g., a server).
  • asset 102 e.g., a container 102
  • GPS e.g., GPS
  • wireless communications system 104 e.g., a wireless communications system
  • a tracking service 105 e.g., a server
  • the description that follows is for an intermodal container (e.g., a shipping container).
  • the e-Seal 101 can be used with any physical asset (e.g., tracking heavy machinery).
  • the e-Seal 101 mounts to the hasp of the door of the intermodal container 102.
  • An interior set of environmental sensors 106 can be connected to the e-Seal 101 through a wireless interface.
  • the e-Seal 101 can receive navigation signals from a location means, such as, for example, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) 103.
  • GNSS Global Navigation Satellite Systems
  • the e-Seal 101 can communicate through wireless cellular infrastructure 104 to a central server 105 which can be operated by a tracking service provider.
  • the server 105 can monitor multiple e-Seals 101 on intermodal container shipments, to provide real-time in-transit visibility to customers of those shipments.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of the modular architecture of the e-Seal 101.
  • this architecture can be comprised of at least six modular functions.
  • the architecture enables any one function to be changed or upgraded without changing the other five modular functions. This allows the e-Seal 101 to incorporate new technologies, while minimizing the costs and schedules of e-Seal upgrades.
  • One example implementation of the interface to the security function 201 is a two-wire circuit, where closed is secured and open is not secured. This can be implemented via a connector on the e-Seal 101 circuit board with a two-wire cable to the security function 201.
  • the physical security mechanism whether a bolt seal, cable seal, or indicative seal, can use the same e-Seal 101 circuit board, reducing costs and speeding schedule for providing these alternate security functions 201.
  • One example implementation of the interface to the power function 204 is a circuit with battery positive, battery negative and battery temperature. This can be implemented via a connector on the e-Seal 101 circuit board with a cable to the power function 204.
  • the physical power mechanism whether a 2-cell battery, 4-cell, or 6-cell, can use the same e-Seal 101 circuit board, reducing costs and speeding schedule for providing these alternate power functions 204. This allows the e-Seal 101 to be rapidly deployed across shorter domestic shipping tradelanes requiring lower cost smaller batteries, or longer international shipping tradelanes requiring larger batteries.
  • the location function 200, environmental function 202, communications function 203 and logistics function 205 can all be upgraded to alternative implementations with minimal or no changes to other of the e-Seal functional modules.
  • the location function 200 may be initially implemented using Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation satellites. This location function 200 may be updated to other location means including but not limited to: other Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS); GNSS augmentations such as Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS), differential systems, or aiding systems; or beacon location systems such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), cellular identification (ID), WiFi, or Real Time Locating System (RTLS).
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • GNSS Global Navigation Satellite Systems
  • SBAS Satellite Based Augmentation Systems
  • beacon location systems such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), cellular identification (ID), WiFi, or Real Time Locating System (RTLS).
  • RFID Radio Frequency Identification
  • ID cellular identification
  • WiFi Real Time Locating System
  • the security function 201 may be initially implemented using monitoring of locking the container doors. This security function 201 may be updated to other security monitors including door opening, light sensors, vibration sensors, as well as capability beyond standard intermodal containers such as refrigerated containers, other container form factors, or permanently designed into smart containers.
  • the environmental function 202 may be initially implemented using temperature, humidity or shock sensors. This environmental function 202 may be updated to other environmental monitors sensors including CO2, other gases, smoke, light, sound, chemical, biological, radiation, or additional sensors.
  • the wireless communication function 203 may be initially implemented using cellular communications such as GSM/GPRS. This wireless communication function 203 may be updated to other wireless communications including HSDPA cellular, CDMA cellular, SMS cellular; satellite communication including IRIDIUM, ORBCOMM, Globalstar, Inmarsat GVS; RFID; ZigBee, Bluetooth, WiFi; or WiMax.
  • cellular communications such as GSM/GPRS.
  • This wireless communication function 203 may be updated to other wireless communications including HSDPA cellular, CDMA cellular, SMS cellular; satellite communication including IRIDIUM, ORBCOMM, Globalstar, Inmarsat GVS; RFID; ZigBee, Bluetooth, WiFi; or WiMax.
  • the power function 204 may be initially implemented using rechargeable batteries. This power function 204 may be updated to other methods of powering the e-Seal 101 including permanent non-rechargeable batteries, an external power source such as from refrigerated containers, thin film batteries, solar power recharging, or piezoelectric ambient vibration recharging.
  • the logistics function 205 may be initially implemented using a method of operating the wireless e-Seal with bar code labels and use of an external port for serial communications, battery recharging, and signaling turning the e-Seal to sleep mode.
  • This logistics function 205 may be updated to other logistical labels, controls and interfaces including RFID labels, non-tamperable security enhanced labels; other means to turn to sleep mode; alternative serial communications; or logistical support with no physical port using wireless communications including GSM/GPRS, HSDPA, CDMA, SMS; satellite communication including IRIDIUM, ORBCOMM, Globalstar, Inmarsat GVS; RFID; ZigBee, Bluetooth, WiFi; or WiMax.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of one example form of the e-Seal 101.
  • the e-Seal components are contained within a housing 300 which is of robust construction to operate within the intermodal container shipping environment.
  • the housing 300 includes a security compartment 301 and an electronics compartment 302.
  • Various security mechanisms 303 can connect to the housing 300 and security compartment 301.
  • Example security mechanisms 303 include bolt seals, indicative seals, or cable seals to monitor the security of locking of a container, or mechanical or light sensor mechanisms to monitor the closed door status of the container.
  • the electronics compartment 302 can include a transparent window 304 to allow a Light Emitting Diode (LED) display of the e-Seal status.
  • LED Light Emitting Diode
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the e-Seal 101.
  • the e-Seal 101 can include a microprocessor 400, a power interface 401, a security interface 402, a logistics interface 403, an environmental interface 404, wireless communications 405, a wireless antenna 406, a navigation system 407 (e.g., GNSS), a navigation antenna 408, a battery fuel gauge 409, a status indicator 410 and memory 411 (e.g., non-volatile memory).
  • Other implementations can include more or fewer components.
  • the microprocessor 400 controls the operation of the e-Seal 101.
  • the microprocessor 400 can run off of a high speed clock when operating, or run off of a low speed clock when in sleep mode to conserve power.
  • the microprocessor 400 is coupled to power interface 401, security interface 402, logistics interface 403 and environmental interface 404.
  • the microprocessor 400 controls the wireless communications module 405 which is coupled to the wireless communications transmit/receive antenna 406.
  • the microprocessor 400 controls the navigation module 407 (e.g., GNSS) which is coupled to the navigation antenna 408.
  • the microprocessor 400 receives battery status information from the battery fuel gauge 409.
  • the microprocessor 400 displays e-Seal status via a status indicator 410 (e.g., an LED display).
  • a status indicator 410 e.g., an LED display
  • the microprocessor 400 stores state information between wakeups, stored location and sensor data, and other system data in a memory 411 (e.g., non-volatile memory).
  • the microprocessor 400 can be awakened by a vibration sensor 412 (or other sensor), and can read 2 or 3 axis acceleration measurements from an accelerometer 413.
  • the microprocessor 400 can read measurements from a magnetometer or gyros for use in determining headings and orientations.
  • FIG. 5 is a state diagram of the low power operation of the e-Seal 101.
  • the e-Seal 101 can remain in a low power sleep mode when not in use on a container.
  • a location fix can be measured and the start of the journey reported over wireless communications 500.
  • the e-Seal 101 can then enter a low duty cycle operating mode 501, in which the e-Seal 101 briefly wakes up at intervals to measure location or environmental parameters 502, then returns to a low power sleep mode 501.
  • the e-Seal 101 may also briefly wake up at intervals to measure location or environmental parameters and make a wireless communications report 503, then return to a low power sleep mode 501.
  • a battery fuel gauge monitors the battery capacity, for use in determining if the battery is low as compared to a programmable threshold. In the event of a low battery condition 506, the wakeup intervals for location fixes or wireless communications 500 can be slowed to programmable values, to extend the operation of the e-Seal 101 to the completion of the journey.
  • the e-Seal 101 can be programmed for each shipment usage, to reduce wireless communications power needs by customizing the frequency bands searched to those which will be available along the shipment tradelane, while remembering from one wakeup to the next which frequency band was last successful 504 to further reduce the need to search for a usable frequency band.
  • the e-Seal 101 can monitor for entry into a geofenced area, persisting in a geofenced area, or exiting a geofenced area.
  • the occurrence of these geofence events 505 can reduce (or temporarily increase) the frequency of wakeup intervals based upon the need for location reporting in the geofenced portion of the shipment tradelane. For example, entry into a geofenced ocean region can suspend wakeups for wireless cellular reporting.
  • the e-Seal 101 Upon detection of a tamper event, the e-Seal 101 wakes up from low power sleep mode, takes a location fix 507, and makes a wireless communications report 508. Should wireless communications not be available, the e-Seal 101 can return to low power sleep mode with a programmable interval for waking up to retry the wireless communications report 509.
  • a server e.g., server 105
  • the e-Seal 101 can return to the low power sleep mode 510.
  • the low power operation described above is one example of low power operation of the e-Seal 101. Other low power operations can be performed as well.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram of the programmable operation of the e-Seal 101.
  • one set of parameters 600 can be programmed to vary the intervals for location measurements, environmental sensor measurements, or wireless reports.
  • Another set of parameters 601 can be programmed to vary the size of buffers used to store measurements when out of range of wireless communications.
  • Another set of parameters 602 can be programmed to vary the duration of status indications.
  • Another set of parameters 603 can be programmed to vary the wireless networks access names and frequencies.
  • Another set of parameters 604 can be programmed to vary the environmental sensors operating characteristics and thresholds.
  • Another set of parameters 605 can be programmed to vary the geofence location definitions and actions to be taken upon entering, persisting or exiting a geofence. Additional parameters 606 can be defined and programmed for other characteristics of the e-Seal 101.
  • These various programmable parameters may be updated over a serial interface 607 prior to shipping the e-Seal 101 to the origin of an intermodal container shipment.
  • These various programmable parameters may be updated over wireless communications 608 when the e-Seal 101 has already been shipped to a remote customer location.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B are flow diagrams of the operation across various supply chain conditions of the e-Seal 101.
  • the e-Seal 101 provides a method to reset a security tamper detection over the air through the wireless communications from the server, to enable multi-stop container loading or customs inspections where the party opening the container is a trusted party able to authenticate themselves to the server to generate the over the air tamper reset command to the e-Seal 101.
  • the container is initially sealed and the e-Seal 101 secured (700).
  • the authorized party authenticates themselves to the server (701).
  • the e-Seal 101 can then be removed and the container opened (702).
  • the e-Seal 101 will report a tamper to the server (703), and due to the authentication of the authorized party the server sends a tamper reset command over the air (704).
  • the container can then be closed and the e-Seal 101 secured to continue monitoring of the remainder of the shipment (705).
  • the e-Seal 101 provides a method to obtain the current date and time from the wireless communications networks, as an alternative to time from GNSS, for indoor or blockage cases in which the container and e-Seal 101 may be out of coverage of GNSS satellites.
  • the e-Seal 101 provides a method when detecting a security tamper out of coverage of GNSS or wireless communications, to count time intervals using the e-Seal internal clock, then when later arriving in GNSS or wireless coverage to obtain the current date and time, and count backwards to arrive at an accurate time stamp of the security tamper for reporting to the server.
  • GNSS coverage is tested (707). If GNSS is available then accurate time can be recorded from GNSS (708). If GNSS is not available, then cellular coverage is tested (709). If cellular coverage is available then accurate time can be recorded from the cellular infrastructure (710). If neither GNSS nor cellular coverage are available, then a temporary timestamp is recorded based upon the e-Seal internal clock, and a counter is started (711). When the e-Seal 101 reaches either GNSS or cellular coverage, then the time can be measured, and counted backwards using the counter to arrive at an accurate timestamp replacing the temporary timestamp (712).
  • FIG. 8 is an event diagram of the features allowing low cost manufacturing of the e-Seal 101. In some implementations, this can be accomplished by automating an End Of Line Test (EOLT). Automation speeds the execution time of this test, reduces labor costs for this test, and reduces manual entry errors for this test.
  • the EOLT operator 800 issues a command to the automated EOLT tester 801 to test a newly manufactured e-Seal 101.
  • the EOLT operator 800 operates the e-Seal to cause a security tamper, in a realistic manner the same way as customers would operate the e-Seal 101, for purposes of testing the security mechanism 303.
  • the EOLT 801 requests status from the e-Seal 101 which responds with the tamper status to the EOLT 801. This supports a pass/fail determination 805 of the correct assembly and functioning of the security mechanism. The EOLT then issues a tamper override reset command to the e-Seal 101 to continue the test.
  • the EOLT 801 issues an accelerometer self test command to the e-Seal 101, which responds to support a pass/fail determination 806 of the correct assembly and functioning of the accelerometer.
  • the EOLT 801 turns on a vibration source 804, issues a vibration sensor self test command to the e-Seal 101, which responds to support a pass/fail determination 807 of the correct assembly and functioning of the vibration sensor.
  • the EOLT 801 commands the e-Seal 101 into GNSS test mode, in which the e-Seal 101 can receive just one satellite signal without requiring the full number of satellites to make a navigation fix.
  • the EOLT 801 turns on the GNSS simulator 802 which is a low cost single channel unit, transmitting a single GNSS channel.
  • the EOLT 801 requests GNSS status from the e-Seal 101, which responds to support a pass/fail determination 808 of the correct assembly and functioning of the GNSS module.
  • the EOLT 801 then issues a GNSS maintenance command to the e-Seal 101, which responds with the GNSS module version information 809, so that the EOLT 801 can record this version information in the manufacturing record for this serial number e-Seal 101.
  • the EOLT 801 issues a wireless maintenance command to the e-Seal 101, which responds with the wireless module version information 810, so that the EOLT 801 can record this version information in the manufacturing record for this serial number e-Seal 101.
  • the EOLT turns on the wireless simulator 803, which places a call to the e-Seal 101, and when the e-Seal 101 responds then the wireless simulator 803 can measure the wireless signal strength from the e-Seal 101.
  • the wireless simulator 803 responds with the measured signal strength to support a pass/fail determination 811 of the correct assembly and functioning of the wireless module.
  • the EOLT 801 requests battery status from the battery fuel gauge, which responds with the measured battery parameters to support a pass/fail determination 812 of the correct assembly and functioning of the battery fuel gauge, as well as the battery pack in the e-Seal 101.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram of the features supporting low cost logistics and operation of the e-Seal 101.
  • this can be accomplished by automating logistics tests, both for newly received e-Seals from manufacturers, as well as e-Seals returned from customer shipments. Automation speeds the execution time of this test, reduces labor costs for this test, and reduces manual entry errors for this test.
  • Low cost logistics is also supported by the automated test features used during manufacturing, as discussed regarding FIG. 8 .
  • Low cost is further supported by maintaining data and statistics history during operation of the e-Seal 101 on a container shipment, so that this history data can be read and stored when the e-Seal 101 is returned from that shipment. This e-Seal history data supports trend tracking and lowered lifecycle costs of e-Seal product improvements.
  • the logistics technician 900 can test the e-Seal 101 by starting it, in a realistic manner the same way as a customer would start the e-Seal 101.
  • the e-Seal 101 is allowed to run for a test period.
  • the e-Seal 101 receives satellite navigation signals from the GNSS constellations 902, records fixes, and measures statistics of successful fixes 904.
  • the e-Seal 101 makes wireless reports to the wireless infrastructure 903, and measures statistics of successful calls 905.
  • the logistics test program 901 requests the GNSS statistics 904 and wireless statistics 905 from the e-Seal 101, which responds to support a pass/fail determination 906 of the correct functioning of the main e-Seal functions.
  • the e-Seal 101 During customer usage of an e-Seal 101 to track and monitor a container shipment, the e-Seal 101 maintains performance statistics in a history file. These statistics include GNSS 902 fixes 907, wireless infrastructure 903 calls 908, and battery level and voltage 909. When an e-Seal is returned from a customer shipment destination, the logistics program can request this history file in a history report, and store this data 910 for the purpose of trend tracking for that e-Seal 101 serial number and product improvement for that model of e-Seal 101.
  • the logistics program can issue a command to the e-Seal 101 to reduce the battery charge to a programmable capacity percentage, to extend the lifetime of rechargeable batteries by storing them in a warehouse 911 at an optimum charge capacity.
  • the e-Seal 101 supports a firmware update over local serial port from the logistics program.
  • the e-Seal 101 supports over the air update of firmware over wireless communications.
  • the server 105 may send a command and protocol to

Claims (14)

  1. Scellé électronique (101), comprenant :
    un mécanisme de sécurité (303) conçu pour être attaché à un bien physique ; et
    un indicateur de niveau de charge de batterie (409) conçu pour surveiller une capacité d'une batterie du scellé électronique (101) ;
    un module de navigation (407) conçu pour déterminer un relevé de position pour le scellé électronique (101) conformément à un intervalle de réveil ;
    un processeur (400) couplé à l'indicateur de niveau de charge de batterie (409) et au module de navigation (407), le processeur (400) étant conçu pour recevoir des informations d'état de batterie depuis l'indicateur de niveau de charge de batterie (409) et pour déterminer si la capacité de batterie détectée par l'indicateur de niveau de charge de batterie (409) est inférieure à une valeur limite et pour ralentir à des valeurs programmables l'intervalle de réveil pour le relevé de position ou des communications sans fil (104, 500) si la capacité de batterie est inférieure à la valeur limite ;
    le processeur (400) possédant une interface de sécurité (402) couplée au mécanisme de sécurité (303), le processeur (400) étant conçu pour détecter un événement de sécurité associé au scellé électronique (101) ou au bien physique, et pour générer, en réponse à une détection, un état de sécurité contenant le relevé de position, le scellé électronique (101) comprenant une architecture modulaire de composants fonctionnels, l'architecture modulaire comprenant des interfaces permettant une mise à jour par plug-in d'un composant fonctionnel sans nécessiter le remaniement complet d'autres composants fonctionnels.
  2. Scellé électronique selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le mécanisme de sécurité est un scellé par boulonnage, un scellé indicateur ou un scellé par câble.
  3. Scellé électronique selon la revendication 1, le scellé électronique (101) étant conçu pour détecter une effraction hors de portée de communications sans fil (104, 500), pour compter des intervalles de temps au moyen d'une horloge interne et pour déterminer une estampille temporelle de l'effraction après être parvenu à portée des communications sans fil (104, 500) basée sur une date actuelle, une heure actuelle et les intervalles de temps comptés.
  4. Scellé électronique selon la revendication 1, le scellé électronique (101) étant en outre conçu pour répondre, sur réception d'une commande d'autotest au niveau du scellé électronique (101), par une détermination du type succès/échec (806, 807, 808, 811, 812) de l'assemblage et du fonctionnement d'au moins un composant parmi le mécanisme de sécurité (303), l'indicateur de niveau de charge de batterie (409), un accéléromètre (413), un capteur de vibration (412), le module de navigation (407) et un module sans fil (405).
  5. Scellé électronique selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre :
    une interface d'environnement (404) couplée au processeur (400) et à un certain nombre de capteurs d'environnement servant à surveiller l'état de marchandises à l'intérieur du bien physique (102).
  6. Scellé électronique selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre :
    un module de communications sans fil (405) couplé au processeur et conçu pour transmettre l'état à un fournisseur de services par un canal de communications sans fil conformément à un intervalle de temps d'état, le processeur étant conçu pour ajuster l'intervalle de temps d'état si la capacité de batterie est inférieure à la valeur limite.
  7. Scellé électronique selon la revendication 6, comprenant en outre :
    une mémoire couplée au processeur et dotée de tampons servant à stocker des paramètres, des mesures de position, des mesures des capteurs d'environnement ou des comptes rendus sans fil, le processeur étant conçu pour faire varier une taille des tampons s'il est hors de portée du canal de communications sans fil.
  8. Scellé électronique selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre :
    une interface d'alimentation (401) couplée au processeur (400) et à une source d'alimentation servant à alimenter le scellé électronique (101) ; et
    l'indicateur de niveau de charge de batterie (409) étant couplé au processeur (400) pour surveiller un état d'alimentation du scellé électronique (101).
  9. Scellé électronique selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre :
    un boîtier (300) intégré ou couplé au mécanisme de sécurité (303) et comportant un compartiment de sécurité (301) contenant des circuits servant à détecter un événement de sécurité, et un compartiment d'électronique (302) servant à stocker le processeur (400) et un système de communications sans fil, le boîtier comportant une fenêtre (304) servant à présenter une indication d'état fournie par une ou plusieurs sources lumineuses.
  10. Procédé mis en oeuvre par un scellé électronique (101) conçu pour être attaché à un bien physique (102), le procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à :
    recevoir, par un canal de communications sans fil (104, 500), un ou plusieurs paramètres indiquant des définitions de position de barrière géographique virtuelle et des actions à entreprendre par le scellé électronique (101) en réponse à une pénétration dans une barrière géographique virtuelle, à un séjour dans une barrière géographique virtuelle ou à une sortie d'une barrière géographique virtuelle ;
    surveiller une capacité d'une batterie du scellé électronique (101) ;
    déterminer un relevé de position pour le scellé électronique (101) conformément à un intervalle de réveil ;
    déterminer une pénétration ou un séjour ou une sortie en fonction des définitions de position de barrière géographique virtuelle et du relevé de position et, en réponse à la détermination, mettre en oeuvre au moins une des actions ;
    recevoir des informations d'état de batterie indiquant si la capacité de la batterie est inférieure à une valeur limite ; et
    s'il est déterminé que la capacité de la batterie est inférieure à la valeur limite, ralentir l'intervalle de réveil à des valeurs programmables pour le relevé de position ou des communications sans fil (104, 500).
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, comprenant en outre les étapes consistant à :
    détecter qu'un événement s'est produit ;
    déterminer qu'il n'est pas possible de détecter un signal sans fil, le signal sans fil contenant des informations relatives à l'heure actuelle ;
    s'il n'est pas possible de détecter le signal sans fil, enregistrer une estampille temporelle provisoire pour l'événement sur la base d'une horloge interne du scellé électronique (101) et déclencher un compteur pour compter un nombre d'intervalles de temps au moyen de l'horloge interne ;
    détecter le signal sans fil ;
    déterminer une heure actuelle sur la base du signal détecté ;
    calculer une estampille temporelle effective pour l'événement en comptant à rebours à partir de l'heure actuelle conformément au nombre d'intervalles de temps comptés depuis l'enregistrement de l'estampille temporelle provisoire ; et
    remplacer l'estampille temporelle provisoire par l'estampille temporelle effective.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, dans lequel le signal sans fil est un signal GNSS ou un signal cellulaire.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 10, comprenant en outre l'étape consistant à :
    recevoir une commande de réinitialisation sur effraction permettant un chargement en plusieurs fois ou des inspections du bien physique (102).
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 10, comprenant en outre l'étape consistant à :
    donner l'ordre à un processeur (400) dans le scellé électronique (101) de mesurer, enregistrer ou rendre compte de statistiques relatives à au moins un des relevés de position, de statistiques de communications sans fil ou de statistiques de performances associées au scellé électronique (101).
EP10800498.7A 2009-07-14 2010-07-14 Suivi et surveillance sans fil de sceau électronique Not-in-force EP2454609B1 (fr)

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US12/510,990 US8456302B2 (en) 2009-07-14 2009-07-28 Wireless tracking and monitoring electronic seal
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CN102687039A (zh) 2012-09-19
US8456302B2 (en) 2013-06-04
EP2454609A1 (fr) 2012-05-23
EP2648144B1 (fr) 2014-12-03
WO2011008884A1 (fr) 2011-01-20
CN102687039B (zh) 2014-04-23
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US9142107B2 (en) 2015-09-22
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US20130314233A1 (en) 2013-11-28
US20110012731A1 (en) 2011-01-20

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