EP2454108A1 - Method for operating electrical power storage device ventilation system - Google Patents

Method for operating electrical power storage device ventilation system

Info

Publication number
EP2454108A1
EP2454108A1 EP10742218A EP10742218A EP2454108A1 EP 2454108 A1 EP2454108 A1 EP 2454108A1 EP 10742218 A EP10742218 A EP 10742218A EP 10742218 A EP10742218 A EP 10742218A EP 2454108 A1 EP2454108 A1 EP 2454108A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
storage devices
vehicle
ventilation system
temperature
ventilation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10742218A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Nawal Jaljal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PSA Automobiles SA
Original Assignee
Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA filed Critical Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
Publication of EP2454108A1 publication Critical patent/EP2454108A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M14/005—Photoelectrochemical storage cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
    • H01M10/663—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an air-conditioner or an engine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H01M10/6562—Gases with free flow by convection only
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of operating a ventilation system of electrical energy storage devices on a motor vehicle comprising an electric power train, and a vehicle equipped with such a method.
  • Hybrid or electric vehicles include devices for storing electrical energy, such as electrochemical accumulators, or electrical capacitors capable of storing high energy.
  • thermal behavior of the storage devices their characteristics can be strongly modified according to their temperature.
  • a temperature gradient is equivalent in this sense to powering up the storage system.
  • a significant increase in the temperature of the storage devices can occur when the vehicle is stopped because of the accumulation of heat generated by solar radiation.
  • the electrical power of the storage devices available to power the electric traction machine, can be clamped by the control system with their temperature rise, for reasons of thermo-management or safety, which makes the traction chain electric not available when starting the vehicle.
  • the lifespan of the storage devices, as well as the amount of energy stored can also decrease significantly depending on the duration of the exposure to high temperatures.
  • temperature can pose significant safety problems.
  • gas evacuation from the storage devices can occur due to a failure or a significant increase in temperature.
  • gases which for the most part are harmful and dangerous (H2, CO, cyanide, etc.)
  • H2, CO, cyanide, etc. can accumulate at the storage site (cabin or next to a hot spring), potentially endangering the environment. driver who wants to pick up his vehicle after a long stop.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art, and to allow on the one hand, on an electric or hybrid vehicle, to preserve the electrical energy storage devices of a significant temperature and to avoid On the other hand, the accumulation of harmful and dangerous gases in the passenger compartment or next to a hot spring. This in order to have at all times a high power at startup, with significant autonomy and ensure the safety of the driver and passengers.
  • a method of operating a ventilation system with air renewal of electrical energy storage devices used for the traction of a hybrid or electric vehicle comprising means for generating renewable energy from solar radiation, characterized in that the method uses the renewable energy available, to systematically start a ventilation system with air renewal storage devices powered by this energy to avoid the accumulation of gases produced by the storage devices in case of failure and limit the rise in temperature, due to radiation, these devices in a confined environment, especially when the vehicle is stopped.
  • the energy used for ventilation is not renewable, there are several problems. In case of failure of the storage system, the energy taken reduces the autonomy of the vehicle and contributes to the increase of the storage temperature. If the storage system fails, it is impossible to provide a significant source of energy for ventilation. It is also possible when the electrical energy storage devices are connected to a mains power supply, to take energy from the mains to activate a ventilation system. But this solution is not suitable for the stops where one does not carry out recharging of the storage devices on the sector.
  • An advantage of the ventilation method according to the invention is that by maintaining systematically the ventilation system when renewable energy is available, the sun then heating the vehicle can be permanently limited and for unrestricted periods the temperature rise of the storage devices and guarantee the evacuation of the gases outside the vehicle.
  • the operating method of the ventilation system according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the following features, which may be combined with each other.
  • the operating method consists of measuring the temperature of the storage devices, and detecting the presence of gas to activate the ventilation system above a determined temperature threshold or a number of ppm in predefined gas.
  • the method automatically activates the ventilation device of electrical storage as soon as solar radiation is detected; the ventilation power being proportional to the intensity of the radiation.
  • the means for generating renewable energy may comprise photovoltaic cells or Peltier cells.
  • the electrical energy storage devices may comprise accumulators which may constitute a danger in the event of a rise in temperature such as lithium-ion or supercapacities.
  • the invention also relates to a hybrid or electric vehicle comprising a ventilation system implementing any one of the preceding features
  • the cooling and ventilation systems can become confused in the case of direct cooling of the cells of the storer by air.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of a vehicle comprising a cooling of electrical energy storage devices, comprising a method of operation according to the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of a vehicle comprising a cooling and a ventilation system with air renewal of the electrical energy storage devices, comprising an operating method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a decision graph showing an operation of the ventilation method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a motor vehicle 1 comprising an electric traction motor 2 powered by electric accumulators 4.
  • the electric accumulators 4 may comprise various known technologies. It is also possible to use super-capacitors with electric accumulators, to associate the different characteristics of each of these technologies.
  • the electric accumulators 4 can be recharged by means of a charger 6, which is connected by a plug 8 to the mains for taking electrical energy from this sector.
  • the vehicle 1 may be a hybrid vehicle having a heat engine providing the main traction energy, the electric machine 2 then delivering a complementary power to optimize the overall energy consumption.
  • the vehicle 1 comprises a management computer 10 of the engine of this vehicle, which monitors by a temperature sensor 12, the temperature of the electric accumulator 4.
  • the vehicle 1 being stopped with exposure to solar radiation, the sheets and the glazing of this vehicle achieve absorption and a concentration of heat that heats the various organs present inside.
  • the accumulators can thus reach an internal temperature greater than 70 ° in the case of an outside temperature of 40 °.
  • the high temperatures of the electric accumulators 4 may pose a problem all the greater as these accumulators constitute large masses, which will then be slow to cool if cooling means are activated only after the vehicle is started.
  • lithium-ion electric accumulators and super-capacitors can become dangerous, at best by emitting harmful gases, at worst by exploding.
  • the temperature sensor 12 of the electric accumulators 4 continuously informs the management computer 10 of the temperature of these accumulators. Above a certain temperature threshold, the calculator 10 implements a cooling system 14, which may comprise for example a blower of fresh air taken from the outside of the vehicle.
  • the cooling system 14 is supplied with energy in the vehicle operating phase by the electric accumulators 4 themselves, so there is a power draw on these accumulators, and the autonomy of the vehicle is reduced.
  • Figure 2 shows a vehicle 21 similar to that presented above, further comprising energy sensors 20 exposed to sunlight, to generate renewable energy and a ventilation system.
  • Renewable energy can be electricity produced from photovoltaic cells or Peltier. This renewable energy will be used to systematically turn on and feed the ventilation system 16 (which can be confused with the cooling system in operation of the vehicle in case of cooling of the cells of the direct store by air) of the electric accumulators 4.
  • An advantage of this immediate use of renewable energy is that this energy is produced with maximum power when the sun has high radiation, which gives a greater cooling capacity while the vehicle 21 is also highly heated.
  • the vehicle 21 may comprise in addition to a temperature sensor, a gas presence detector 13 of the electric accumulators 4.
  • the computer 10 can directly implement a ventilation system 16, which can for example, include a blower of fresh air taken from outside the vehicle as soon as renewable energy is available.
  • a ventilation system 16 can for example, include a blower of fresh air taken from outside the vehicle as soon as renewable energy is available.
  • FIG. 3 presents a decision graph that can be implemented by the management computer 10 for the operating method of the ventilation system 16 of the electric accumulators 4.
  • the management computer 10 records whether the vehicle 21 is stopped. In case 32, the management calculator 10 looks at whether the renewable energy is available.
  • the management computer 10 can then systematically start the ventilation system 16, by taking a renewable energy 20 to stabilize the temperature of the accumulators relative to the outside temperature or remove the accumulated gases.
  • the use of the sensors 13 makes it possible to limit the duration of operation of the ventilation system 16, if this operation is not necessary.
  • the ventilation system 16 can be operated systematically as soon as renewable energy is available.
  • An advantage of this method comprising continuous and systematic operation of the ventilation system 16 is that the electric accumulators 4 are not allowed to heat up. The temperature differences remain limited, a relatively low power is sufficient for the continuous operation. of the cooling device 14.
  • the system can operate autonomously for days, with zero or very low power consumption on the electric accumulators 4, to leave the vehicle 21 ready to leave at any time without affecting its characteristics and ensure its safety and that of his environment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a ventilation system (16) for electrical power storage devices (4) that are used to pull a hybrid or electric vehicle (21), said vehicle comprising a means (20) for generating renewable power from solar radiation. The method is characterized in that it uses the available renewable power to systematically turn on a ventilation system (16), for the storage devices (4), that is supplied with said power in order to prevent the accumulation of the gases produced by the storage devices (4) in the event of mechanical failure, and in order to limit the radiation-induced temperature increase of said devices (4) in an enclosed environment, particularly when the vehicle (21) is off.

Description

PROCEDE POUR SYSTEME DE VENTILATION DE DISPOSITIFS DE STOCKAGE D'ENERGIE ELECTRIQUE  METHOD FOR VENTILATION SYSTEM OF ELECTRIC ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES
La présente invention concerne un procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de ventilation de dispositifs de stockage d'énergie électrique sur un véhicule automobile comportant une chaîne de traction électrique, ainsi qu'un véhicule équipé d'un tel procédé. The present invention relates to a method of operating a ventilation system of electrical energy storage devices on a motor vehicle comprising an electric power train, and a vehicle equipped with such a method.
Les véhicules hybrides ou électriques comportent des dispositifs de stockage de l'énergie électrique, comme des accumulateurs électrochimiques, ou des capacités électriques capables d'emmagasiner une forte énergie.  Hybrid or electric vehicles include devices for storing electrical energy, such as electrochemical accumulators, or electrical capacitors capable of storing high energy.
En se référant au comportement thermique des dispositifs de stockage, leurs caractéristiques peuvent être fortement modifiées en fonction de leur température. Un gradient de température équivaut en ce sens à une mise sous tension du système de stockage. Or une élévation importante de la température des dispositifs de stockage, peut se produire lorsque le véhicule est à l'arrêt à cause de l'accumulation de chaleur engendrée par le rayonnement solaire.  Referring to the thermal behavior of the storage devices, their characteristics can be strongly modified according to their temperature. A temperature gradient is equivalent in this sense to powering up the storage system. However, a significant increase in the temperature of the storage devices, can occur when the vehicle is stopped because of the accumulation of heat generated by solar radiation.
Notamment la puissance électrique des dispositifs de stockage, disponible pour alimenter la machine électrique de traction, peut être bridée par le système de contrôle avec leur élévation de température, pour des raison de thermo-management ou de sécurité, ce qui rend la chaîne de traction électrique indisponible au démarrage du véhicule.  In particular, the electrical power of the storage devices, available to power the electric traction machine, can be clamped by the control system with their temperature rise, for reasons of thermo-management or safety, which makes the traction chain electric not available when starting the vehicle.
La durée de vie des dispositifs de stockage, ainsi que la quantité d'énergie stockée peuvent aussi diminuer notablement en fonction de la durée de l'exposition aux températures élevées. De plus pour certaines technologies des dispositifs de stockage, la température peut poser des problèmes importants de sécurité.  The lifespan of the storage devices, as well as the amount of energy stored can also decrease significantly depending on the duration of the exposure to high temperatures. In addition, for some storage device technologies, temperature can pose significant safety problems.
Par ailleurs, pour palier l'indisponibilité, pendant une longue durée, de la traction électrique au démarrage du véhicule après une forte exposition au soleil, on peut prévoir pour les véhicules hybrides des moyens de refroidissement entraînés par le moteur thermique, qui est mis en marche lors du démarrage du véhicule pour refroidir les dispositifs de stockage, en utilisant par exemple le système de climatisation de l'habitacle du véhicule. Dans ce cas, on consomme du carburant supplémentaire pour réaliser ce refroidissement. De plus pour disposer rapidement d'une puissance maximale délivrée par les dispositifs de stockage d'énergie électrique, il faut prévoir des moyens de refroidissement de forte capacité pour réaliser un refroidissement dans un temps assez court. Moreover, to overcome the unavailability, for a long time, of the electric traction at the start of the vehicle after a strong exposure to the sun, it is possible for hybrid vehicles to cooling driven by the engine, which is started when starting the vehicle to cool the storage devices, for example using the air conditioning system of the passenger compartment of the vehicle. In this case, additional fuel is consumed to achieve this cooling. In addition to quickly have a maximum power delivered by the electrical energy storage devices, it is necessary to provide cooling means of high capacity to achieve cooling in a relatively short time.
En se référant maintenant à l'aspect sécuritaire des dispositifs de stockage, on sait qu'une évacuation de gaz des dispositifs de stockage peut survenir suite à une défaillance ou d'une augmentation importante de la température. Ces gaz qui pour la plupart sont nocifs et dangereux (H2, CO, cyanure,...), peuvent s'accumuler alors à l'endroit du stockage (habitacle ou à côté d'une source chaude), mettant potentiellement en danger le conducteur qui voudra reprendre son véhicule après un arrêt prolongé.  Referring now to the safety aspect of the storage devices, it is known that gas evacuation from the storage devices can occur due to a failure or a significant increase in temperature. These gases, which for the most part are harmful and dangerous (H2, CO, cyanide, etc.), can accumulate at the storage site (cabin or next to a hot spring), potentially endangering the environment. driver who wants to pick up his vehicle after a long stop.
La présente invention a pour but de pallier les inconvénients de la technique antérieure, et de permettre d'une part, sur un véhicule électrique ou hybride, de préserver les dispositifs de stockage d'énergie électrique d'une température importante et d'éviter d'autre part, l'accumulation de gaz nocifs et dangereux dans l'habitacle ou à côté d'une source chaude. Ceci afin de disposer à tout moment d'une forte puissance au démarrage, avec une autonomie importante et d'assurer la sécurité du conducteur et des passagers.  The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art, and to allow on the one hand, on an electric or hybrid vehicle, to preserve the electrical energy storage devices of a significant temperature and to avoid On the other hand, the accumulation of harmful and dangerous gases in the passenger compartment or next to a hot spring. This in order to have at all times a high power at startup, with significant autonomy and ensure the safety of the driver and passengers.
Elle propose, à cet effet, un procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de ventilation avec renouvellement de l'air de dispositifs de stockage d'énergie électrique utilisés pour la traction d'un véhicule hybride ou électrique ; ce véhicule comportant des moyens pour générer une énergie renouvelable à partir du rayonnement solaire, caractérisé en ce que le procédé utilise l'énergie renouvelable disponible, pour mettre systématiquement en marche un système de ventilation avec renouvellement de l'air des dispositifs de stockage alimenté par cette énergie pour éviter l'accumulation des gaz produits par les dispositifs de stockage en cas de défaillance et limiter l'élévation de la température, due au rayonnement, de ces dispositifs dans un milieu confiné, notamment lorsque le véhicule est à l'arrêt. It proposes, for this purpose, a method of operating a ventilation system with air renewal of electrical energy storage devices used for the traction of a hybrid or electric vehicle; this vehicle comprising means for generating renewable energy from solar radiation, characterized in that the method uses the renewable energy available, to systematically start a ventilation system with air renewal storage devices powered by this energy to avoid the accumulation of gases produced by the storage devices in case of failure and limit the rise in temperature, due to radiation, these devices in a confined environment, especially when the vehicle is stopped.
Si l'énergie utilisée pour la ventilation n'est pas renouvelable, plusieurs problèmes se présentent. En cas de non défaillance du système de stockage, l'énergie prélevée réduit l'autonomie du véhicule et contribue à l'augmentation de la température du stockeur. Si le système de stockage est défaillant, il est impossible d'assurer une source d'énergie conséquente pour la ventilation. On peut aussi lorsque les dispositifs de stockage d'énergie électrique sont reliés à une alimentation secteur, prélever de l'énergie sur le secteur pour activer un système de ventilation. Mais cette solution ne convient pas pour les arrêts où l'on ne réalise pas de recharge des dispositifs de stockage sur le secteur.  If the energy used for ventilation is not renewable, there are several problems. In case of failure of the storage system, the energy taken reduces the autonomy of the vehicle and contributes to the increase of the storage temperature. If the storage system fails, it is impossible to provide a significant source of energy for ventilation. It is also possible when the electrical energy storage devices are connected to a mains power supply, to take energy from the mains to activate a ventilation system. But this solution is not suitable for the stops where one does not carry out recharging of the storage devices on the sector.
Un avantage du procédé de ventilation selon l'invention, est qu'en maintenant en marche de manière systématique le système de ventilation quand une énergie renouvelable est disponible, le soleil chauffant alors le véhicule, on peut limiter en permanence et pendant des durées non limitées l'élévation de température des dispositifs de stockage et garantir l'évacuation des gaz à l'extérieur du véhicule.  An advantage of the ventilation method according to the invention is that by maintaining systematically the ventilation system when renewable energy is available, the sun then heating the vehicle can be permanently limited and for unrestricted periods the temperature rise of the storage devices and guarantee the evacuation of the gases outside the vehicle.
Le procédé de fonctionnement du système de ventilation selon l'invention peut en outre comporter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, qui peuvent être combinées entre elles.  The operating method of the ventilation system according to the invention may further comprise one or more of the following features, which may be combined with each other.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le procédé de fonctionnement consiste à mesurer la température des dispositifs de stockage, et à détecter la présence de gaz pour activer le système de ventilation au-dessus d'un seuil de température déterminé ou d'un nombre de ppm en gaz prédéfinis. Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le procédé active automatiquement le dispositif de ventilation des stockages électriques dès détection d'un rayonnement solaire ; la puissance de ventilation étant proportionnelle à l'intensité du rayonnement. Les moyens pour générer une énergie renouvelable, peuvent comporter des cellules photovoltaïques ou des cellules Peltier. According to one embodiment, the operating method consists of measuring the temperature of the storage devices, and detecting the presence of gas to activate the ventilation system above a determined temperature threshold or a number of ppm in predefined gas. According to another embodiment, the method automatically activates the ventilation device of electrical storage as soon as solar radiation is detected; the ventilation power being proportional to the intensity of the radiation. The means for generating renewable energy may comprise photovoltaic cells or Peltier cells.
Selon une application, les dispositifs de stockage d'énergie électrique peuvent comporter des accumulateurs qui peuvent constituer un danger en cas d'élévation de la température tel que le lithium-ion ou les supercapacités.  According to one application, the electrical energy storage devices may comprise accumulators which may constitute a danger in the event of a rise in temperature such as lithium-ion or supercapacities.
L'invention a aussi pour objet un véhicule hybride ou électrique comprenant un système de ventilation mettant en œuvre l'une quelconque des caractéristiques précédentes  The invention also relates to a hybrid or electric vehicle comprising a ventilation system implementing any one of the preceding features
Selon une caractéristique, les systèmes de refroidissement et de ventilation peuvent se confondre en cas de refroidissement direct des cellules du stockeur par air.  According to one characteristic, the cooling and ventilation systems can become confused in the case of direct cooling of the cells of the storer by air.
L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres caractéristiques et avantages apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description ci-après donnée à titre d'exemple, en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :  The invention will be better understood and other features and advantages will emerge more clearly on reading the following description given by way of example, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
- la figure 1 est un schéma d'un véhicule comportant un refroidissement de dispositifs de stockage d'énergie électrique, comprenant un procédé de fonctionnement selon l'art antérieur ;  - Figure 1 is a diagram of a vehicle comprising a cooling of electrical energy storage devices, comprising a method of operation according to the prior art;
- la figure 2 est un schéma d'un véhicule comportant un refroidissement et un système de ventilation avec renouvellement d'air des dispositifs de stockage d'énergie électrique, comprenant un procédé de fonctionnement selon l'invention ; et  FIG. 2 is a diagram of a vehicle comprising a cooling and a ventilation system with air renewal of the electrical energy storage devices, comprising an operating method according to the invention; and
- la figure 3 est un graphe de décision montrant un fonctionnement du procédé de ventilation selon l'invention.  FIG. 3 is a decision graph showing an operation of the ventilation method according to the invention.
La figure 1 présente un véhicule automobile 1 , comprenant un moteur électrique de traction 2 alimenté par des accumulateurs électriques 4. Lors du fonctionnement du véhicule 1 , une partie de l'énergie cinétique de ce véhicule est récupérée lors des freinages ou dans les descentes, la machine électrique 2 étant utilisée en génératrice pour récupérer l'énergie dans les accumulateurs électriques 4. Les accumulateurs électriques 4 peuvent comporter différentes technologies connues. On peut aussi utiliser des super-capacités avec des accumulateurs électriques, pour associer les différentes caractéristiques propres de chacune de ces technologies. FIG. 1 shows a motor vehicle 1 comprising an electric traction motor 2 powered by electric accumulators 4. During the operation of the vehicle 1, part of the kinetic energy of this vehicle is recovered during braking or during descent, the electric machine 2 being used as a generator to recover the energy in the electric accumulators 4. The electric accumulators 4 may comprise various known technologies. It is also possible to use super-capacitors with electric accumulators, to associate the different characteristics of each of these technologies.
A l'arrêt, on peut recharger les accumulateurs électriques 4 grâce à un chargeur 6, qui se branche par une prise 8 sur le secteur pour prélever une énergie électrique sur ce secteur.  At a standstill, the electric accumulators 4 can be recharged by means of a charger 6, which is connected by a plug 8 to the mains for taking electrical energy from this sector.
En variante le véhicule 1 peut être un véhicule hybride comportant un moteur thermique fournissant l'énergie principale de traction, la machine électrique 2 délivrant alors une puissance complémentaire pour optimiser la consommation globale d'énergie.  Alternatively the vehicle 1 may be a hybrid vehicle having a heat engine providing the main traction energy, the electric machine 2 then delivering a complementary power to optimize the overall energy consumption.
Le véhicule 1 comporte un calculateur de gestion 10 de la motorisation de ce véhicule, qui surveille par une sonde de température 12, la température des accumulateurs électriques 4.  The vehicle 1 comprises a management computer 10 of the engine of this vehicle, which monitors by a temperature sensor 12, the temperature of the electric accumulator 4.
Le véhicule 1 étant arrêté avec une exposition au rayonnement solaire, les tôles et le vitrage de ce véhicule réalisent une absorption et une concentration de chaleur qui chauffe les différents organes présents à l'intérieur. Les accumulateurs peuvent atteindre ainsi une température interne supérieure à 70° dans le cas d'une température extérieure de 40°.  The vehicle 1 being stopped with exposure to solar radiation, the sheets and the glazing of this vehicle achieve absorption and a concentration of heat that heats the various organs present inside. The accumulators can thus reach an internal temperature greater than 70 ° in the case of an outside temperature of 40 °.
Les températures élevées des accumulateurs électriques 4 peuvent poser un problème d'autant plus grand que ces accumulateurs constituent des masses importantes, qui seront ensuite longues à refroidir si des moyens de refroidissement sont activés seulement après le démarrage du véhicule.  The high temperatures of the electric accumulators 4 may pose a problem all the greater as these accumulators constitute large masses, which will then be slow to cool if cooling means are activated only after the vehicle is started.
Par ailleurs, une température élevée peut poser des problèmes de sécurité. Notamment les accumulateurs électriques au lithium-ion et les super-capacités peuvent devenir dangereux, au mieux en émettant des gaz nocifs, au pire en explosant.  In addition, a high temperature can pose security problems. In particular lithium-ion electric accumulators and super-capacitors can become dangerous, at best by emitting harmful gases, at worst by exploding.
La sonde de température 12 des accumulateurs électriques 4, informe en permanence le calculateur de gestion 10 de la température de ces accumulateurs. Au dessus d'un certains seuil de température, le calculateur 10 met en œuvre un système de refroidissement 14, qui peut comporter par exemple un pulseur d'air frais prélevé à l'extérieur du véhicule. The temperature sensor 12 of the electric accumulators 4 continuously informs the management computer 10 of the temperature of these accumulators. Above a certain temperature threshold, the calculator 10 implements a cooling system 14, which may comprise for example a blower of fresh air taken from the outside of the vehicle.
Le système de refroidissement 14 est alimenté en énergie en phase fonctionnement véhicule par les accumulateurs électriques 4 eux-mêmes, il y a donc un prélèvement d'énergie sur ces accumulateurs, et l'autonomie du véhicule est diminuée.  The cooling system 14 is supplied with energy in the vehicle operating phase by the electric accumulators 4 themselves, so there is a power draw on these accumulators, and the autonomy of the vehicle is reduced.
En variante on peut utiliser une climatisation dans le cas d'un véhicule hybride, pour disposer d'une puissance de réfrigération importante. Il faut alors une installation comportant une puissance élevée pour obtenir un refroidissement assez rapide.  Alternatively one can use an air conditioning in the case of a hybrid vehicle to have a large cooling capacity. It is then necessary to have an installation with a high power to obtain a fairly fast cooling.
La figure 2 présente un véhicule 21 similaire à celui présenté précédemment, comprenant de plus des capteurs d'énergie 20 exposés au rayonnement du soleil, pour générer une énergie renouvelable et un système de ventilation.  Figure 2 shows a vehicle 21 similar to that presented above, further comprising energy sensors 20 exposed to sunlight, to generate renewable energy and a ventilation system.
L'énergie renouvelable peut être de l'électricité produite à partir de cellules photovoltaïques ou Peltier. Cette énergie renouvelable va être utilisée pour mettre en marche systématiquement et alimenter le système de ventilation 16 (qui peut se confondre au système de refroidissement en fonctionnement du véhicule en cas de refroidissement des cellules du stockeur direct par air) des accumulateurs électriques 4.  Renewable energy can be electricity produced from photovoltaic cells or Peltier. This renewable energy will be used to systematically turn on and feed the ventilation system 16 (which can be confused with the cooling system in operation of the vehicle in case of cooling of the cells of the direct store by air) of the electric accumulators 4.
Un avantage de cette utilisation immédiate de l'énergie renouvelable, est que cette énergie est produite avec une puissance maximale quand le soleil a un rayonnement important, ce qui donne une plus grande capacité de refroidissement alors que le véhicule 21 est aussi fortement chauffé.  An advantage of this immediate use of renewable energy is that this energy is produced with maximum power when the sun has high radiation, which gives a greater cooling capacity while the vehicle 21 is also highly heated.
De plus il n'est pas nécessaire de disposer de moyens de stockage de cette énergie renouvelable, ce qui réduit le poids, l'encombrement et le coût de l'installation.  In addition, it is not necessary to have storage means for this renewable energy, which reduces the weight, size and cost of the installation.
Le véhicule 21 peut comporter en plus d'une sonde de température, un détecteur de présence de gaz 13 des accumulateurs électriques 4.  The vehicle 21 may comprise in addition to a temperature sensor, a gas presence detector 13 of the electric accumulators 4.
En cas d'absence d'instrumentation (capteurs), le calculateur 10 peut mettre en œuvre directement un système de ventilation 16, qui peut comporter par exemple un pulseur d'air frais prélevé à l'extérieur du véhicule dès disposition de l'énergie renouvelable. In the absence of instrumentation (sensors), the computer 10 can directly implement a ventilation system 16, which can for example, include a blower of fresh air taken from outside the vehicle as soon as renewable energy is available.
La figure 3 présente un graphe de décision qui peut être mis en œuvre par le calculateur de gestion 10, pour le procédé de fonctionnement du système de ventilation 16 des accumulateurs électriques 4.  FIG. 3 presents a decision graph that can be implemented by the management computer 10 for the operating method of the ventilation system 16 of the electric accumulators 4.
Dans le cas 30, le calculateur de gestion 10 enregistre si le véhicule 21 est à l'arrêt. Dans le cas 32, le calculateur de gestion 10 regarde si l'énergie renouvelable est disponible.  In the case 30, the management computer 10 records whether the vehicle 21 is stopped. In case 32, the management calculator 10 looks at whether the renewable energy is available.
En option si le véhicule 21 dispose de capteurs (température, détecteur de présence de gaz H2,...) 13, on peut regarder dans le cas 34 avec ces capteurs si la température ou si la concentration en ppm en gaz des accumulateurs électriques 4 dépassent des seuils de sécurité. Le calculateur de gestion 10 peut mettre alors en marche de manière systématique le système de ventilation 16, en prélevant une énergie renouvelable 20 pour stabiliser la température des accumulateurs par rapport à la température extérieure ou évacuer les gaz accumulés.  Optionally, if the vehicle 21 has sensors (temperature, H2 presence detector, etc.) 13, it can be seen in case 34 with these sensors whether the temperature or the concentration in gas ppm of the electric accumulators 4 exceed security thresholds. The management computer 10 can then systematically start the ventilation system 16, by taking a renewable energy 20 to stabilize the temperature of the accumulators relative to the outside temperature or remove the accumulated gases.
L'utilisation des capteurs 13 permet de limiter la durée de fonctionnement du système de ventilation 16, si ce fonctionnement n'est pas nécessaire.  The use of the sensors 13 makes it possible to limit the duration of operation of the ventilation system 16, if this operation is not necessary.
On peut si on ne dispose pas des capteurs 13, laisser fonctionner le système de ventilation 16 systématiquement dès qu'une énergie renouvelable est disponible.  If sensors 13 are not available, the ventilation system 16 can be operated systematically as soon as renewable energy is available.
On peut aussi continuer à utiliser le système de ventilation 16 avec l'énergie renouvelable, quand le véhicule 21 est en marche si nécessaire pour évacuer des gaz accumuler ou stabiliser la température des accumulateurs 4 à faibles sollicitations.  It can also continue to use the ventilation system 16 with renewable energy, when the vehicle 21 is running if necessary to evacuate gas accumulate or stabilize the temperature of the batteries 4 low loads.
Un avantage de ce procédé comportant un fonctionnement continu et systématique du système de ventilation 16, est qu'on ne laisse pas monter en température les accumulateurs électriques 4. Les écarts de température restent alors limités, une puissance relativement faible est suffisante pour le fonctionnement continu du dispositif de refroidissement 14. De plus le système peut fonctionner de manière autonome pendant des jours, avec une consommation d'énergie nulle ou très faible sur les accumulateurs électriques 4, pour laisser le véhicule 21 prêt à partir à tout instant sans affecter ses caractéristiques et assurer sa sécurité et celle de son environnement. An advantage of this method comprising continuous and systematic operation of the ventilation system 16 is that the electric accumulators 4 are not allowed to heat up. The temperature differences remain limited, a relatively low power is sufficient for the continuous operation. of the cooling device 14. In addition the system can operate autonomously for days, with zero or very low power consumption on the electric accumulators 4, to leave the vehicle 21 ready to leave at any time without affecting its characteristics and ensure its safety and that of his environment.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 - Procédé de fonctionnement d'un système de ventilation (16) de dispositifs de stockage d'énergie électrique (4), utilisés pour la traction d'un véhicule hybride ou électrique (21 ), ce véhicule comportant des moyens (20) pour générer une énergie renouvelable à partir du rayonnement solaire, caractérisé en ce que le procédé utilise l'énergie renouvelable disponible, pour mettre systématiquement en marche un système de ventilation (16) des dispositifs de stockage (4) alimenté par cette énergie pour éviter l'accumulation des gaz produits par les dispositifs de stockage (4) en cas de défaillance de ces derniers et limiter l'élévation de la température, due au rayonnement, de ces dispositifs (4) dans un milieu confiné, notamment lorsque le véhicule (21 ) est à l'arrêt. 1 - A method of operating a ventilation system (16) of electrical energy storage devices (4) used for the traction of a hybrid or electric vehicle (21), said vehicle comprising means (20) for generating renewable energy from solar radiation, characterized in that the process uses the available renewable energy, to systematically start a ventilation system (16) storage devices (4) powered by this energy to avoid the accumulation of the gases produced by the storage devices (4) in the event of failure of the latter and limit the rise in temperature, due to radiation, of these devices (4) in a confined environment, especially when the vehicle (21) is stopped.
2 - Procédé de fonctionnement suivant la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à mesurer la température des dispositifs de stockage (4), et à détecter la présence de gaz pour activer le système de ventilation au- dessus d'un seuil de température déterminé ou d'un nombre de ppm en gaz prédéfinis.  2 - Operating method according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists in measuring the temperature of the storage devices (4), and in detecting the presence of gas to activate the ventilation system above a threshold of determined temperature or a preset gas ppm number.
3 - Procédé de fonctionnement suivant la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce qu'il active automatiquement le dispositif de ventilation des dispositifs de stockage électriques dès détection d'un rayonnement solaire ; la puissance de ventilation étant proportionnelle à l'intensité du rayonnement.  3 - Operating method according to claim 1, characterized in that it automatically activates the ventilation device of the electrical storage devices as soon as detection of solar radiation; the ventilation power being proportional to the intensity of the radiation.
4 - Procédé de fonctionnement suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à générer une énergie renouvelable à partir de cellules photovoltaïques ou Peltier.  4 - Operating method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it consists in generating renewable energy from photovoltaic cells or Peltier.
5 - Procédé de fonctionnement suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les dispositifs de stockage d'énergie électrique (4), comportent des accumulateurs dont les caractéristiques sont sensibles à l'élévation de température et présentant notamment un risque sécuritaire comme pour le lithium-ion ou les supercapacités. 6 - Véhicule automobile hybride ou électrique comprenant un système de ventilation mettant en œuvre le procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5. 5 - Operating method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical energy storage devices (4) comprise accumulators whose characteristics are sensitive to the rise in temperature and in particular having a security risk as for lithium-ion or supercapacities. 6 - Hybrid or electric motor vehicle comprising a ventilation system implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7 - Véhicule automobile hybride ou électrique selon la revendication 6, dans lequel les systèmes de refroidissement et de ventilation se confondent en cas de refroidissement direct des cellules du stockeur par air.  7 - Hybrid or electric motor vehicle according to claim 6, wherein the cooling and ventilation systems merge in the case of direct cooling of the cells of the storer by air.
EP10742218A 2009-07-17 2010-07-07 Method for operating electrical power storage device ventilation system Withdrawn EP2454108A1 (en)

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FR0954951A FR2948072B1 (en) 2009-07-17 2009-07-17 METHOD FOR COOLING SYSTEM OF ELECTRIC ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES
PCT/FR2010/051434 WO2011007080A1 (en) 2009-07-17 2010-07-07 Method for operating electrical power storage device ventilation system

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