EP2452293A1 - Localisation de sources - Google Patents
Localisation de sourcesInfo
- Publication number
- EP2452293A1 EP2452293A1 EP10751985A EP10751985A EP2452293A1 EP 2452293 A1 EP2452293 A1 EP 2452293A1 EP 10751985 A EP10751985 A EP 10751985A EP 10751985 A EP10751985 A EP 10751985A EP 2452293 A1 EP2452293 A1 EP 2452293A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- probability
- sources
- arrival
- directions
- observations
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers
- H04R3/005—Circuits for transducers for combining the signals of two or more microphones
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2218/00—Aspects of pattern recognition specially adapted for signal processing
- G06F2218/22—Source localisation; Inverse modelling
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to the automatic counting of the number of sources present in a mixture, and to the determination of the direction of arrival of signals emitted by a plurality of sources, and more particularly in the case where the number of sources is unknown a priori.
- the invention finds applications, in particular, in the production of multitrack audio coders / decoders, in particular those of the "MPEG Surround" type, for creating, from a stereo audio track, an audio track comprising more than two channels, and / or to modify the spatial characteristics by simulating a displacement of the different sources having emitted the recorded signals. It also applies to automatic source separation to reduce noise, echo, and noise interference from sources, particularly in the case of group audio conferencing. Another application is the localization in a stereo track of the direction of arrival of certain specific sources in order to remove them, for example the sources corresponding to the voices to produce a musical track for karaoke from the original track.
- the blind separation of said sources consists of estimating the arrival direction of the signals Sj and the number N of sources from a set comprising a number M observations.
- Each observation is obtained by means of a sensor which records the signal up to a point in the space where said sensor is located.
- the signal thus recorded then results from mixing and propagation in the space E of the signals S 1 , and is therefore affected by different disturbances specific to the medium traversed, such as for example noise, reverberation, interference, etc.
- the known source separation methods can be classified into two main categories.
- the first group includes all the methods for which the number of sources N must be known a priori. However, this information is not always available. Even if it is accessible, every first use and every change of number of sources over time, it is necessary to re-parameterize these methods. This makes it particularly difficult to use these in the context of automated processing.
- the knowledge of the number of sources determines the accuracy of the result obtained. The speed with which the number of sources evolves in the environment, as well as the delay of modification of this parameter in this first category of methods are thus likely to degrade their reliability.
- the delays and amplitude differences observed between the two-by-two sensors are then determined in order to calculate the so-called binaural indices of each source.
- the directions of arrival of the signals s are then calculated, then the number of sources is then deduced by counting the number of directions of arrival corresponding to an active source.
- the methods of this category can only be used for so-called anechoic environments in which the observations are not affected by any reverberation. Indeed, these methods are based on the assumption that a binaural index is invariant whatever the frequency of the signals s ,. This assumption is valid in the case of anechoic environment but is no longer verified in an environment affected by reverberation.
- the present invention aims to answer an additional problem.
- the known methods for determining a direction of arrival of a signal coming from a single source in space are based on a phase difference ⁇ (t, ⁇ ) of the signal at the level of several sensors distributed in the space.
- phase unwrapping techniques in English to make this phase difference linear, but these methods of phase correction are not efficient, especially in the presence of noise or multiple sources.
- the invention proposes means, described hereinafter and in particular illustrated in FIG. 3, to solve this additional problem.
- the present invention aims to improve the situation.
- a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for determining the arrival direction of a first number of sound signals emitted by sources, over a time range subdivided into frames, in a space, from the knowledge of at least two observations obtained using sensors.
- the method comprises the following steps: / a / for each frame, we calculate, from the observations, for each direction of a set of directions of the space, a first probability of presence of one of the sources; IbI for a second number of frames of a temporal window, a second probability of presence of one of the sources in each direction of a set of directions of the space according to the first probability is calculated;
- the invention thus proposes a method capable of processing a plurality of sources.
- the method is functional, even when the number of sources is greater than the number of observations.
- This process can be automated. In particular, it is not necessary a priori to indicate to the method the number of sources.
- the method may comprise a step IeI in which the first number of sources is determined by counting the number of local maxima of the second probability.
- the first probability is calculated by performing the following steps:
- the first probability is obtained by calculating the level of correlation in the complex vector domain of a cost function relating to the ratio between the observations.
- the first probability can be calculated by defining a weighting function of frequency ranges (G ( ⁇ )) and using the following mathematical expression:
- the first probability thus obtained does not undergo any frequency jump, since the correlation level is calculated in the complex domain.
- the second probability is calculated by determining the maximum of the first probability over the time window.
- the second probability can be calculated by:
- ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ m (t) ⁇ - ⁇ ⁇ (t) ⁇ + ⁇ .
- the second number of frames in the time window can be chosen to be inversely proportional to the speed at which the sources are likely to move in space. This allows in particular to adapt the method according to the invention to the characteristics of the sources.
- a second aspect of the present invention provides a device comprising means adapted to implement a method of determining the direction of arrival according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- a third aspect of the present invention provides an audio decoding device comprising an arrival direction estimator according to the second aspect of the present invention.
- the decoding device can generate, from stereo streams without MP3 / AAC type auxiliary information, 5.1 or binaural type contents by identifying the sources present in the mixture as well as their directions of arrival.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer program including instructions for carrying out the method according to the first aspect of the present invention when the program is executed by a processor.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a space having a plurality of sources
- FIG. 2 illustrates the main steps of a method for determining the direction of arrival of the signals in space from the observations, implemented according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 illustrates the main steps of an embodiment of calculating the first probability p
- FIG. 4 shows, in a schematic diagram, a device for estimating the direction of arrival of signals, according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 illustrates a decoding device, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- three sources 10a, 10b, 10c, issuing respectively an Si, S signal, are considered. 2 , Se, in space E.
- the sources can move over time.
- the signal Si has a direction of arrival ⁇ 9
- the signal S 2 a direction of arrival # 2
- the signal S 3 an arrival direction #,.
- observations xi (t) and x 2 (t) have been carried out respectively at a point Oi and a point O 2 of space E.
- the present description refers to illustrative only, of a number N of sources equal to 3 and a number M of observation equal to 2. It is easy to apply it to any other combination of number N of sources and number M of observations, M being greater than or equal to 2.
- the observations xi (t) and x 2 (t) can be modeled by a noisy convoluted mixture composed of the signals Si, S 2 , S 3 .
- ⁇ a, ⁇ k) ⁇ the coefficients of the impulse response of the filter separating the Z 8 "16 source / sensor me, bj ⁇ f) diffuse independent additive noise sources
- * is the symbol of the convolution
- the signals Si, S 2 , S 3 have the characteristic that there exists for each of them at least one frame t p of the time range P during which the energy of said signal is greater than the sum of the energy other signals.
- the source at the origin of said signal is then called dominant during this frame t p .
- the following mathematical expression conveys this characteristic: with card ⁇ t p )> ⁇ . It follows from this characteristic that for all the frames t p , the observations Xi (f p , ⁇ ) and X ⁇ itp, ⁇ ) in the time-frequency domain can be approximated by the following mathematical expression:
- B ' j is the sum of B j and residues of other non-dominant sources.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the main steps of a method for determining the direction of arrival of the signals in space E from observations, implemented according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- a first probability p of presence of one of the sources for each direction of arrival is calculated for a direction expressed with a vector or for a direction expressed with an angle.
- the interval for which we will seek to obtain the first probability p is possible to limit, according to the space E, the interval for which we will seek to obtain the first probability p. For example, it may be desirable to limit calculations to directions within a given cone of space.
- a second probability ⁇ of presence of one of the sources is calculated according to the direction of arrival, for a subset composed of a number g of T frames forming a time window F.
- the number g can be between 2 and the number of frames T included in the time range P.
- the choice of the number g of frames T of the window F is a function of the speed of movement of the sources. In general, the higher the speed of the sources, the smaller the number g will be. Consequently, the second number g of frames T of the time window F can be chosen so as to be inversely proportional to the speed at which the sources are likely to move in the space E. If the sources move at different speeds, we can for example consider either the minimum speed, or the maximum speed or the average speed.
- the directions for which there is a local maximum of the second probability ⁇ are sought, said directions each corresponding to the direction of arrival of one of the signals.
- the local maximum can be obtained by first smoothing the second probability ⁇ using, for example, a first-order low-pass filter and then looking for the directions for which the first derivative of the second probability ⁇ gives a zero value and for which the second derivative of the second probability ⁇ gives a negative value.
- the method includes an optional step 80 during which the number N of sources is determined by counting the number of local maxima of the second probability ⁇ .
- FIG. 3 illustrates the main steps of an embodiment of the calculation of the first probability p, implemented according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the phase difference ⁇ (t, ⁇ ) between the corresponding observations Xi and X 2 is determined in a step 52.
- the phase difference ⁇ ⁇ t, ⁇ ) is assumed to be linear, which is verified in practice, even in an echo space E.
- R is the ratio between the observations Xi and X 2
- h is composed of the residues of the non-dominant sources, the diffuse additive noises and the reverberation.
- the phase difference ⁇ (t p , ⁇ ) is therefore linear as a function of the frequency ⁇ , as long as h (t p , ⁇ ) does not degrade the linearity of ⁇ ⁇ t p , ⁇ ).
- the first probability p is obtained by calculating the correlation level in the complex vector domain of a cost function relating to the ratio R between the observations Xi and X 2.
- the probability p can be obtained by applying the following mathematical formula:
- G ( ⁇ ) is a weighting function allowing to give more weight to certain frequencies according to the configuration of the space.
- the second probability ⁇ for a given direction, calculated during the second step 60, can in turn be obtained by identifying the maximum of the first probability p over the time window F, which can result in the following mathematical expression: ⁇ ⁇ ) - max p ( ⁇ , t).
- the second probability is given by the weighted histogram computed from the set of dominant arrival directions and their probability of dominance.
- ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ m ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ - ⁇ ( ⁇ ⁇ + ⁇ with ⁇ a value
- FIG. 4 shows, in a schematic diagram, a device 100 for estimating the direction of arrival of signals, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the device 100 is particularly suitable for implementing the method according to the invention.
- a Time-Frequency transformation unit 106 for example a unit adapted to the implementation of a Fast Fourier Transform commonly known as "FFT", then makes it possible to work on the observations in the frequency domain, the observations noted X 1 , X 2 in the time domain being classically noted X 1 , X 2 in the domain frequency.
- FFT Fast Fourier Transform
- It comprises a calculation unit of the arrival direction 110.
- the latter is connected to the Time-Frequency transformation unit 106. It is adapted to calculate the first probability p of presence of one of the sources S for each direction. space E from observations X 1 , X 2 .
- the device 100 comprises a temporal grouping unit 125, cooperating with the calculation unit of the arrival direction 110.
- This grouping unit 125 is adapted to calculate the second probability ⁇ of presence of one of the sources for each direction. of space, as a function of the first probability p, and on the time window F.
- the device 100 comprises an identification unit 130, cooperating with the temporal grouping unit 125, adapted to identify directions for which there is a local maximum of the second probability ⁇ .
- the identification unit 130 is connected to the output 140 of the device 100 so as to be able to deliver the identified directions corresponding to the arrival directions 6> of the signals Sj.
- the device may also include counting means 135 for outputting on the output 140 the first number N of sources by counting the number of local maxima of the second probability ⁇ .
- the device may also comprise parameterization means
- the temporal grouping unit 120 adapted to modify, at the level of the temporal grouping unit 125, the second number g of frames T inversely proportional to the speed at which the sources are likely to move in space
- FIG. 5 illustrates, by a block diagram, an audio decoding device, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Such a device is for example designed to notably create 5.1 type streams from a stereo stream without auxiliary information.
- the decoding device 210 receives, as input, observations xi,..., X N , typically a stereo signal derived from the AAC coder for example and containing Si signals emitted by a plurality of sources.
- the decoding device comprises a device 100 for estimating the direction of arrival of signals according to the invention, also receiving the observations X 1 ,..., X N.
- the audio decoding device comprises the processing means 215 needed to generate multiple spatialized streams on an output 220 from the directions of arrival of the signals and possibly the number of sources.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0954814A FR2947931A1 (fr) | 2009-07-10 | 2009-07-10 | Localisation de sources |
| PCT/FR2010/051451 WO2011012789A1 (fr) | 2009-07-10 | 2010-07-08 | Localisation de sources |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2452293A1 true EP2452293A1 (fr) | 2012-05-16 |
Family
ID=42224326
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10751985A Withdrawn EP2452293A1 (fr) | 2009-07-10 | 2010-07-08 | Localisation de sources |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2452293A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2947931A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2011012789A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2969803A1 (fr) * | 2010-12-23 | 2012-06-29 | France Telecom | Traitement de donnees sonores pour une separation de sources. |
| GB2501058A (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2013-10-16 | Eads Uk Ltd | A speaker diarization system |
-
2009
- 2009-07-10 FR FR0954814A patent/FR2947931A1/fr active Pending
-
2010
- 2010-07-08 WO PCT/FR2010/051451 patent/WO2011012789A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2010-07-08 EP EP10751985A patent/EP2452293A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2011012789A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2947931A1 (fr) | 2011-01-14 |
| WO2011012789A1 (fr) | 2011-02-03 |
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