EP2447969A1 - Dispositif de commutation pour circuits électriques à basse tension - Google Patents

Dispositif de commutation pour circuits électriques à basse tension Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2447969A1
EP2447969A1 EP11184462A EP11184462A EP2447969A1 EP 2447969 A1 EP2447969 A1 EP 2447969A1 EP 11184462 A EP11184462 A EP 11184462A EP 11184462 A EP11184462 A EP 11184462A EP 2447969 A1 EP2447969 A1 EP 2447969A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arc
contact
switching device
moving
arc chute
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11184462A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2447969B1 (fr
Inventor
Paolo Faure
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB SpA
Original Assignee
ABB SpA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB SpA filed Critical ABB SpA
Publication of EP2447969A1 publication Critical patent/EP2447969A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2447969B1 publication Critical patent/EP2447969B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/345—Mounting of arc chutes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H01H73/02—Details
    • H01H73/18—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical switching device for low voltage circuits having improved characteristics and functions for extinguishing the electric arcs generated in its poles.
  • switching devices for low voltage circuits i.e. for applications with operating voltages up to 1000V AC / 1500V DC
  • switching devices for low voltage circuits (i.e. for applications with operating voltages up to 1000V AC / 1500V DC)
  • automatic circuit breakers, disconnectors, contactors, limiters, universally known as switching devices are devices designed to allow correct operation of specific parts of electrical circuits and of the loads operatively associated therewith, acting, for example, when faults, such as overloads or short circuits, occur.
  • These switching devices comprise an enclosure containing one or more electrical poles, each of which comprises at least one pair of mutually engageable/disengageable contacts.
  • An appropriate control mechanism causes the relative movement of the pairs of contacts so that they can adopt an engaged position (circuit breaker closed) and a separated position (circuit breaker open).
  • the phase to open the circuit breaker to interrupt an overcurrent i.e. a current greater than the rated operating value
  • an overcurrent i.e. a current greater than the rated operating value
  • an overcurrent i.e. a current greater than the rated operating value
  • various measures have been adopted to extinguish the electric arc in the fastest and most efficient manner possible.
  • an arc chute in which engagement and separation of the contacts occurs, is associated with each pole of the circuit breaker.
  • the arc chute can comprise an assembly of arc-breaking blades adapted to divide the arc into different parts, accelerating the extinction thereof, and can comprise guide means adapted to guide the electric arc towards the arc-breaking blades.
  • Another solution provides for the use of gas media and/or materials which, when the electric arc reaches a certain temperature, release substances that help to extinguish the arc.
  • a further solution provides for the use of ferromagnetic elements that attract the moving contacts towards a position separated from the stationary contacts through electromagnetism.
  • the gas media and the ferromagnetic elements can be arranged in proximity to or inside the arc chutes.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a switching device with improved capacity to extinguish electric arcs.
  • a switching device for low voltage electrical circuits comprising at least one pole having an arc chute, a stationary contact and a corresponding moving contact that can be operated by a contact shaft in such a manner as to move between a first position in which it is engaged with the stationary contact and a second position in which it is spatially distanced from the stationary contact.
  • the switching device comprises at least one moving device operatively connected to and operated by said contact shaft in such a manner that at least one element of the moving device moves towards the space that is created between the moving contact and the stationary contact when the moving contact moves from the first position towards the second position.
  • the switching device according to the present invention will be described hereunder with particular reference to an embodiment thereof as “Miniature Circuit Breaker” (or MCB), or as “molded case circuit breaker” (or MCCB).
  • MCB Minimum Circuit Breaker
  • MCCB molded case circuit breaker
  • the principles and the technical solutions set forth in the description below must also be considered valid for different embodiments of switching devices for single pole or multi-pole low voltage circuits, such as disconnectors, contactors or limiters.
  • a circuit breaker comprises at least one pole having an arc chute, a stationary contact and a corresponding moving contact that can be operated by a contact shaft in such a manner as to move between a first position in which it is engaged with the stationary contact and a second position in which it is spatially distanced from the stationary contact.
  • This circuit breaker comprises at least one moving device, operatively connected to and operated by the contact shaft in such a manner that at least one element of the moving device moves towards the space that is created between the moving contact and the stationary contact when the moving contact moves from the first position towards the second position.
  • the element of the moving device that moves towards the space that is created between the moving contact and the stationary contact comprises at least one portion of the arc chute; in particular, this element can comprise at least one arc-breaking blade or a group of arc-breaking blades of the arc chute.
  • arc chute must be intended generally as a structure that defines a space particularly suitable to help to extinguish the electric arc, regardless of the particular examples of arc chute illustrated in the figures to which reference will be made in the continuation of the description.
  • FIGs. 1-2 and to Figs. 3-4 show a first preferred solution and a second preferred solution, respectively, particularly suitable to be used in a Miniature Circuit Breaker, without wishing to limit their application in different types of circuit breakers.
  • the aforesaid figures show a first pole of a circuit breaker having a first stationary contact 2 and a corresponding first moving contact 3 pivoted on a contact shaft 4; following rotation of the contact shaft 4 about its rotation axis 8, the first moving contact 3 moves between a first position (shown in Figs. 1 and 3 ), or engaged position (circuit breaker closed), and a second position (shown in Figs. 2 and 4 ), or separated position (circuit breaker open), in which it is spatially distanced from the first stationary contact 2.
  • Rotation of the contact shaft 4 is controlled by an actuation mechanism operated manually (typically using a lever projecting from the enclosure of the circuit breaker) or through the action of one or more protection devices adapted to detect fault conditions, such as the occurrence of overcurrents.
  • the moving device of the circuit breaker comprises a first arc chute 50 associated with the first pole and mounted movably inside the circuit breaker.
  • the moving device is operatively connected to and operated by the contact shaft 4 in such a manner that the first arc chute 50 moves towards the space that is created between the first moving contact 3 and the first stationary contact 2 when the first moving contact moves from the engaged position to the separated position.
  • the first arc chute 50 shown in the figures comprises a pair of lateral walls 52 made of electrically insulating material and connected transversely by a rear wall 53 facing a front opening defined for passage of the first moving contact 3 inside the first arc chute 50.
  • the first arc chute 50 comprises an assembly of substantially U-shaped arc-breaking blades 54 positioned between the pairs of lateral walls 52 and are fastened thereto by means of appropriate coupling means.
  • the lateral edges of the arc-breaking blades 54 each comprise two projections 300 adapted to couple with respective openings 301 defined on the lateral walls 52.
  • a plurality of guides (like the guides 107 of the arc chute 100 shown in Fig. 5 ) adapted to each receive a corresponding arc-breaking blade 54, can be defined along the lateral walls 52.
  • the assembly of arc-breaking blades 54 comprises at least a first group of arc-breaking blades 200 in which the arc-breaking blades 54 are adapted to be inserted in the space that is created between the first moving contact 3 and the first stationary contact 2 when the moving contact 3 moves from the engaged position towards the separated position. Insertion into said space takes place following movement of the whole first arc chute 50 which is caused by rotation of the contact shaft 4 during the circuit breaker opening phase.
  • the arc-breaking blades 54 of the first group of arc-breaking blades 200 are arranged in such a manner as to be inserted in succession into the space that is created between the first moving contact 3 and the first stationary contact 2; in particular, these arc-breaking blades 54 are arranged staggered with respect to one another.
  • the assembly of arc-breaking blades 54 could comprise at least one group of arc-breaking blades 54 that are mutually aligned and are inserted simultaneously into the space that is created between the first moving contact 3 and the first stationary contact 2. The assembly of arc-breaking blades 54 shown in Figs.
  • 1-4 also comprises a second group of arc-breaking blades 201, superimposed on the first group of arc-breaking blades 200, in which the arc-breaking blades 54 are adapted to move towards the space that is created between the first moving contact 3 and the first stationary contact 2 when the first moving contact 3 moves from the engaged position towards the separated position.
  • the arc-breaking blades 54 of the second group of arc-breaking blades 201 are arranged in such a manner that they do not intercept the first moving contact 3 during its movement from the engaged position to the separated position.
  • the arc-breaking blades 54 of the second group of arc-breaking blades 201 are staggered with respect to one another and to the arc-breaking blades 54 of the first group of arc-breaking blades 200.
  • the arc-breaking blades 54 of both groups of arc-breaking blades 200, 201 are arranged staggered with respect to one another in such a manner that their distance from the rear wall 43 decreases as their distance from the first stationary contact 2 increases.
  • the assembly of arc-breaking blades 54 can be constituted entirely by arc-breaking blades 54 mutually aligned and simply made to move towards the space that is created between the first moving contact 3 and the first stationary contact 2, following movement of the first arc chute 50 caused by rotation of the contact shaft 4.
  • the moving device comprises a connection element (see the connection element 55 in Figs. 1-2 , the connection element 65 in Figs. 3-4 ) adapted to cause movement of the first arc chute 50 following rotation of the contact shaft 4.
  • the connection element 55 and the connection element 65 both comprise a first end 56, 66 connected directly to the first arc chute 50, and a second end 57, 67 connected directly to the contact shaft 4.
  • the connection element could be connected indirectly to the contact shaft 4 and/or to the first arc chute 50 through the interposition of further elements.
  • the connection element 55 extends longitudinally between its first end 56 and its second end 57 along a principal axis X.
  • the second end 57 comprises a portion 58 that extends towards the contact shaft 4 transversely with respect to the principal axis X.
  • An opening 59 is defined along the portion 58 and is operatively coupled with a pin 60 that extends from the contact shaft 4 towards the opening 59; in the embodiment illustrated, the contact shaft 4 has a cam surface 61 from which the pin 60 extends transversely.
  • the opening 59 is defined by two lateral edges 62 connected by an upper edge 63 and by a lower edge 64.
  • connection element 65 extends longitudinally between its first end 66 and its second end 67 along a principal axis Y.
  • a first set of teeth 68 adapted to couple operatively with a second set of teeth 69 defined on the contact shaft 4, is defined on the second end 67.
  • connection element can comprise at least one connecting rod with a first end connected (directly or indirectly) to the contact shaft 4 and a second end connected (directly or indirectly) to the first arc chute 50.
  • the circuit breaker comprises a second pole with a second stationary contact 6 and a corresponding second moving contact 7 pivoted on the contact shaft 4 in such a manner as to engage with/separate from the second stationary contact 6 following rotation of the contact shaft 4 about its rotation axis 8.
  • the second pole comprises a second arc chute 51 mounted movably inside the circuit breaker.
  • the structure of the second arc chute 51 is identical to that of the first arc chute 50, and therefore the same elements constituting the two arc chutes 50, 51 are indicated with the same numeric references.
  • connection element 55 and the first end 66 of the connection element 65 are mechanically coupled also to the second arc chute 51.
  • a single moving device comprising: the first arc chute 50, the second arc chute 51 and the connection element 55 (in the solution shown in Figs. 1-2 ) or the connection element 65 (in the solution shown in Figs. 3-4 ).
  • first moving device associated with the first pole comprising the first arc chute 50 and a first connection element equivalent to the connection element 55 or 65
  • second moving device associated with the second pole comprising the second arc chute 51 and a second connection element equivalent to the connection element 55 or 65.
  • a similar solution could be adopted, for example, also in a molded case circuit breaker, in which arc chutes like the first arc chute 50 are used in each pole of the circuit breaker.
  • connection element used can comprise a first connecting rod, connected to the contact shaft 4 and to the first arc chute 50, and a second connecting rod, connected to the contact shaft 4 and to the second arc chute 51.
  • circuit breaker in closed configuration shown in Figs. 1 and 3 is considered.
  • the protective devices of the circuit breaker act on the control mechanism causing a rotation of the contact shaft 4 about the rotation axis 8; rotation of the contact shaft is such as to reach the open configuration of the circuit breaker shown in Figs. 2 and 4 .
  • the pin 60 is initially in contact with the lower edge 64 of the opening 59 when the circuit breaker is in closed configuration.
  • the pin 60 slides along the lateral edges 62 until reaching the upper edge 63 at the end of the circuit breaker opening phase. Sliding along the lateral edges 62, the pin 60 exerts a force on the connection element 55 such as to cause movement thereof along the axis X, towards the contact shaft 4. Consequently, also the first arc chute 50 (and the second arc chute 51, when present) moves internally towards the contact shaft 4 along the direction of movement defined by the axis X, from the position shown in Fig. 1 to the position shown in Fig. 2 .
  • the first set of teeth 68 and the second set of teeth 69 mesh with one another in such as manner as to convert the rotational motion of the contact shaft 4 into a linear movement of the connection element 55 along the principal axis Y, towards the contact shaft 4. Consequently, also the first arc chute 50 (and the second arc chute 51, when present) is moved internally towards the contact shaft 4 along the direction of movement defined by the axis Y, from the position shown in Fig. 3 to the position shown in Fig. 4 .
  • the first group of arc-breaking blades 200 could comprise a different number of arc-breaking blades 54 with respect to the examples illustrated.
  • the second group of arc-breaking blades 201 moves towards the space that is created between the first moving contact 3 and the first stationary contact 2 without intercepting the moving contact during its movement from the engaged position illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3 towards the separated position illustrated in Figs. 2 and 4 .
  • the element of the moving device that moves towards the space that is created between the first moving contact 3 and the first stationary contact 2 is constituted by the whole of the first arc chute 50 mounted movably inside the circuit breaker.
  • the circuit breaker according to the present invention comprises a moving device in which the element that moves towards the space that is created between the moving contact and the stationary contact of a pole is constituted by one or more moving parts of the arc chute associated with this pole.
  • the moving part of the arc chute comprises at least one arc-breaking blade coupled in a movable manner with the enclosure of the arc chute.
  • Fig. 5 shows an arc chute 100 comprising an enclosure 101 produced with insulating material and defined by a pair of lateral walls 102, a lower wall 103, an upper wall 104 and, finally, a rear wall 105.
  • the enclosure 101 is open at the front part thereof to allow sliding insertion of an assembly of arc-breaking blades 106 into corresponding guides 107 defined along the lateral walls 102. In this manner, the arc-breaking blades 106 are coupled in a movable manner with the enclosure 101.
  • Arc chutes designed in this manner are particularly suitable to be used in the poles of molded case circuit breakers, without however limiting their application in other types of switches.
  • the situation of circuit breaker having a pole with an arc chute 100 is considered, in which the moving device comprises at least one arc-breaking blade 106 and is operatively connected to and operated by the contact shaft of the circuit breaker in such a manner that this arc-breaking blade 106 moves towards the space that is created between the moving contact and the stationary contact of the pole when these separate from each other, sliding along its guide 107.
  • the moving device can comprise, for example, connection elements similar to the connections elements 55 and 65 described previously, in which one end thereof is connected directly or indirectly to the contact shaft of the circuit breaker, and another end thereof is connected directly or indirectly to one or more arc-breaking blades 106.
  • the arc-breaking blades 106 are aligned with one another.
  • the moving device can comprise at least a first group of arc-breaking blades 106 which together slide towards the space that is created between the stationary contact and the moving contact when these separate, until being inserted simultaneously into this space.
  • the whole assembly of the arc-breaking blades 106 can simply be moved towards the space that is created between the moving contact and the stationary contact when these separate.
  • the assembly of arc-breaking blades 106 of the arc chute 100 can comprise at least one group of arc-breaking blades 106 arranged in such a manner as to be inserted in succession into the space that is created between the moving contact and the stationary contact when these separate.
  • the arc-breaking blades 106 can be arranged staggered from one another in the same manner as the arc-breaking blades 54 shown in Figs. 1-4 .
  • the moving device of the circuit breaker according to the present invention may also not comprise arc chutes mounted movably inside the circuit breaker or moving portions of arc chutes.
  • An element for example configured as arc-breaking element and/or comprising a gas medium, could be mounted directly on the contact shaft of the circuit breaker (or connected indirectly to the contact shaft), and be structured in such a manner as to be inserted in the space that is created between the contacts of the switch when these separate.
  • each pole comprises at least one moving contact with a central body from which a first arm and a second arm extend on opposite sides with respect to the rotation axis of the central body.
  • the first arm and the second arm are adapted to move between a first position in which they are engaged with a first stationary contact and a second stationary contact, respectively, and a second position in which they are spatially distanced from the respective first and second stationary contacts.
  • the moving device of the double break circuit breaker can comprise at least a first arc chute and a second arc chute (structurally similar to the first arc chute 50 of the solutions illustrated in Figs. 1-4 ) mounted movably inside the circuit breaker.
  • the moving device is operatively connected to and operated by the contact shaft of the circuit breaker in such a manner that the first arc chute moves towards the space that is created between the first arm and the first stationary contact, and in such a manner that the second arc chute moves towards the space that is created between the second arm and the second stationary contact.
  • the first and the second arc chute can be connected to the contact shaft through connection elements equivalent to the connection element 55 of Figs. 1-2 , or to the connection element 65 of Figs. 3-4 .
  • a first set of teeth and a second set of teeth can be defined on opposite parts of the contact shaft with respect to the rotation axis of this contact shaft.
  • the first set of teeth and the second set of teeth are adapted to mesh with respective sets of teeth defined on the connection elements connected to the first arc chute and to the second arc chute, respectively.
  • the first arc chute and the second arc chute can be connected to the contact shaft through a connecting rod.
  • the moving device of the double break circuit breaker can comprise a first arc chute and a second arc chute structurally similar to the arc chute 100 shown in Fig. 5 .
  • the moving device is operatively connected to and operated by the contact shaft of the circuit breaker in such a manner that at least one arc-breaking blade of the first arc chute moves towards the space that is created between the first arm and the first stationary contact, and in such a manner that at least a first arc-breaking blade of the second arc chute moves towards the space that is created between the second arm and the second stationary contact.
  • the arc-breaking blades of the first arc chute and of the second arc chute that are included in the moving device can be connected to the contact shaft through connection elements equivalent to the connection element 55 of Figs. 1-2 or to the connection element 65 of Figs. 3-4 , or through at least one connecting rod.
  • the described movement of the first arc chute 50 allows the assembly of the arc-breaking blades 54 to start to split up the electric arc after a shorter time with respect to the situation in which the first arc chute 50 does not move.
  • the first arc chute 50 could comprise gas media which act to extinguish the electric arc in shorter times.
  • the arc-breaking blades 106 that are made to slide along their guides 107 act to split up the electric arc in shorter times with respect to the situation in which they remain stationary.
  • At least one part of the moving device can advantageously be inserted in the space that is created between the contacts of the circuit breaker when these separate, in such a manner as to improve the effectiveness with which the electric arc is extinguished.
  • the first group of arc-breaking blades 200 of the first arc chute 50 is inserted in the space that is created between the first moving contact 3 and the first stationary contact 2.
  • the arc-breaking blades 54 of the first group of arc-breaking blades 200 are arranged in such a manner as to be inserted in succession between the first moving contact 3 and the first stationary contact 2; in this manner, an arc-breaking blade 54 is inserted between the first moving contact 3 and the first stationary contact 2 as soon as the space between them is large enough to contain it.
  • the moving device is advantageously operatively connected to and operated by the contact shaft of the circuit breaker.
  • the moving device by connecting the moving device directly to other elements, for example to the moving contacts of the switch, a load would be applied thereto which could cause damage or malfunction thereof; for example, the moving device connected directly to the moving contacts would slow down their movement, which instead must be as fast and free as possible in the circuit breaker opening phase.
  • switches could be provided with guide means, adapted to guide the entire arc chute, or at least one moving portion of the arc chute, towards the space that is created between the contacts during their separation.
  • guide means adapted to guide the entire arc chute, or at least one moving portion of the arc chute, towards the space that is created between the contacts during their separation.
  • the rear wall 53 of the first arc chute 50 (and of the second arc chute 51) could be omitted.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
EP20110184462 2010-10-28 2011-10-10 Dispositif de commutation pour circuits électriques à basse tension Not-in-force EP2447969B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000056A ITBG20100056A1 (it) 2010-10-28 2010-10-28 Dispositivo di commutazione per circuiti elettrici di bassa tensione.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2447969A1 true EP2447969A1 (fr) 2012-05-02
EP2447969B1 EP2447969B1 (fr) 2013-09-18

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20110184462 Not-in-force EP2447969B1 (fr) 2010-10-28 2011-10-10 Dispositif de commutation pour circuits électriques à basse tension

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2447969B1 (fr)
DK (1) DK2447969T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2437931T3 (fr)
IT (1) ITBG20100056A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9412549B2 (en) 2014-02-18 2016-08-09 General Electric Company Electromagnetically enhanced contact separation in a circuit breaker

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2020935A (en) * 1932-05-25 1935-11-12 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Circuit interrupter
US3992599A (en) * 1974-05-16 1976-11-16 Allis-Chalmers Corporation Interlock for arc chute of circuit maker and breaker

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2020935A (en) * 1932-05-25 1935-11-12 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Circuit interrupter
US3992599A (en) * 1974-05-16 1976-11-16 Allis-Chalmers Corporation Interlock for arc chute of circuit maker and breaker

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9412549B2 (en) 2014-02-18 2016-08-09 General Electric Company Electromagnetically enhanced contact separation in a circuit breaker

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2447969B1 (fr) 2013-09-18
ES2437931T3 (es) 2014-01-15
DK2447969T3 (da) 2013-11-25
ITBG20100056A1 (it) 2012-04-29

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