EP2447958A1 - Iron-based superconducting wire and manufacturing method therefor - Google Patents

Iron-based superconducting wire and manufacturing method therefor Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP2447958A1
EP2447958A1 EP10783376A EP10783376A EP2447958A1 EP 2447958 A1 EP2447958 A1 EP 2447958A1 EP 10783376 A EP10783376 A EP 10783376A EP 10783376 A EP10783376 A EP 10783376A EP 2447958 A1 EP2447958 A1 EP 2447958A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
iron
superconducting wire
wire
tubular material
based superconducting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10783376A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2447958B1 (en
EP2447958A4 (en
Inventor
Yoshihiko Takano
Yoshikazu Mizuguchi
Hiroaki Kumakura
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
National Institute for Materials Science
Original Assignee
National Institute for Materials Science
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by National Institute for Materials Science filed Critical National Institute for Materials Science
Publication of EP2447958A1 publication Critical patent/EP2447958A1/en
Publication of EP2447958A4 publication Critical patent/EP2447958A4/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2447958B1 publication Critical patent/EP2447958B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B19/00—Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
    • C01B19/007—Tellurides or selenides of metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
    • H10N60/01—Manufacture or treatment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
    • H10N60/20—Permanent superconducting devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
    • H10N60/80—Constructional details
    • H10N60/85—Superconducting active materials
    • H10N60/855—Ceramic superconductors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
    • C01P2002/85—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by XPS, EDX or EDAX data
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
    • C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
    • Y10S505/70—High TC, above 30 k, superconducting device, article, or structured stock
    • Y10S505/704—Wire, fiber, or cable
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49014—Superconductor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an iron-based superconducting wire using an iron-based superconductor mainly made of iron and a method for producing the same.
  • the iron-based superconductors have a high critical current density and a high critical magnetic field, and are increasingly expected to be applied to practical use.
  • the iron-based superconductors ones having a simplest structure, such as FeSe, FeTe, FeSe 1-x Te x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), and FeTe 1-x S x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), have been developed by the present inventors (for example, non-patent documents 2 and 3). Further, it has been known that, in the molar ratio of Fe and a chalcogen in the compound, Fe is slightly excess. These iron-based superconductors are considered suitable for practical application due to their relatively low toxicity or simple structure.
  • a task of the present invention is to apply an iron-based superconductor to practical use, and to provide an iron-based superconducting wire using an iron-based superconducting substance, such as FeSe, FeTe, FeSe 1-x Te x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), or FeTe 1-x S x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), and a method for producing the same.
  • an iron-based superconducting substance such as FeSe, FeTe, FeSe 1-x Te x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), or FeTe 1-x S x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1)
  • the iron-based superconducting wire of the invention is characterized in that the iron-based superconducting wire comprises a tubular material formed mainly from iron, and an iron-based superconductor formed in the tubular material, wherein the iron-based superconductor contains the iron forming the tubular material as a chemical constituent element of the iron-based superconductor.
  • the tubular material is a sheath for superconducting wire.
  • the iron-based superconductor has a chemical composition which is FeSe, FeTe, FeSe 1-x Te x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), or FeTe 1 - x S x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1).
  • iron-based superconducting wire a plurality of the iron-based superconducting wires can be unified to form a multicore wire.
  • the method for producing an iron-based superconducting wire of the invention is characterized in that the method comprises filling a tubular material formed mainly from iron with a raw material which comprises a chemical constituent element other than iron for constituting an iron-based superconductor, and then subjecting the resultant material to mechanical processing to form a wire material, and subjecting the wire material to heating treatment at 100 to 1,000°C for one minute to 500 hours so that the iron forming the tubular material and the raw material filling the tubular material are reacted with each other to form an iron-based superconductor, obtaining an iron-based superconducting wire.
  • the iron-based superconducting wire of the invention and a method for producing the same are advantageous in that, by filling a tubular material formed mainly from iron with a raw material other than iron for constituting an iron-based superconductor, an iron-based superconducting wire can be produced with ease, and the iron-based superconducting wire exhibits stable superconductivity.
  • an iron-based superconductor is formed from the iron forming the tubular material, and a raw material which fills the tubular material and which comprises a chemical constituent element constituting the iron-based superconductor other than iron. That is, in a tubular material formed mainly from iron, an iron-based superconductor containing the iron forming the tubular material as a chemical constituent element of the iron-based superconductor is formed.
  • the tubular material is formed mainly from iron for making a contribution to the formation of an iron-based superconductor, and the tubular material can contain an additive or inevitably contained impurity other than iron in such an amount that it does not inhibit the formation of an iron-based superconductor.
  • an additive or inevitably contained impurity other than iron in such an amount that it does not inhibit the formation of an iron-based superconductor.
  • the addition of a hexagonal phase, a pyrite phase, silver, iron oxide, bismuth, or the like is allowable.
  • iron-based superconducting wire of the invention as typical examples of chemical compositions of the iron-based superconductor, there can be mentioned FeSe, FeTe, FeSe 1-x Te x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), and FeTe 1-x S x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), which have already been developed, but with respect to the chemical composition of the iron-based superconductor, there is no particular limitation as long as a wire can be formed from the iron-based superconductor.
  • the composition ratio of the chemical constituent elements constituting the iron-based superconductor can be appropriately changed.
  • the Se:Te ratio or Te:S ratio can be appropriately changed within the range: 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.
  • the tubular material formed mainly from iron can function and serve as a sheath for superconducting wire.
  • a single substance of Se, Te, or S or a mixture thereof, or a compound preliminarily synthesized, such as SeTe or TeS, can be used.
  • a method for producing the iron-based superconducting wire of the invention is, for example, shown below.
  • Se or S when conducting the heating treatment in an inert gas atmosphere in a dosed state, Se or S can be effectively prevented from diffusing.
  • an additive for example, a hexagonal phase, a pyrite phase, silver, iron oxide, or bismuth can be incorporated in such an amount that the superconductivity is not sacrificed.
  • the invention has been completed by succeeding in observing a critical current of the iron-based superconducting wire in an electrical conduction test for the first time, and possibly gives an effective technical guideline on the future wire formation from the iron-based superconductor.
  • a multicore iron-based superconducting wire comprising a plurality of the iron-based superconducting wires which are unified to form a multicore wire can be realized.
  • a test preparation of a wire was conducted using a Powder-in-Tube method.
  • An iron tube having an outer diameter of 6 mm and an inner diameter of 3.5 mm was used as a sheath, and filled with Se or preliminarily synthesized SeTe, and the both ends of the iron tube were sealed up.
  • the sealed tube was rolled using a groove roll until the outer diameter became 2 mm, and further rolled using a flat roll until the width became 4 to 5 mm and the thickness became about 0.55 mm.
  • the resultant wire was cut into about 4 cm, and the cut short-length wire was sealed in a quartz tube in an argon gas atmosphere (equivalent to atmospheric pressure).
  • the wire was subjected to heating treatment under the conditions shown in Table 1.
  • the heating temperature is 450 to 550°C, and the heating time is 3 to 4 hours including the temperature increase time.
  • a voltage-current measurement was performed by an electrical conduction test to estimate a critical current (Ic).
  • Fig. 1(a) is a photograph of the wire obtained by rolling an iron tube (sheath) filled with SeTe powder, which has not been calcined
  • Fig. 1 (b) is a photograph of the wire which has been calcined by a heating treatment in an argon gas atmosphere.
  • SeTe used as a raw material other than iron is obtained by vacuum-sealing Se and Te weighed in a 1:1 molar ratio in a quartz tube and then calcining them at 500°C for 8 hours to synthesize SeTe, and subsequently grinding the synthesized SeTe.
  • the Se and Te used are as follows.
  • the Se used is Se powder having a purity of 99.9% up and an average particle size of 75 ⁇ m, manufactured by Kojundo Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd.
  • the Te used is Te powder having a purity of 99.9% and an average particle size of 150 ⁇ m, manufactured by Kojundo Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd. Table 1 Experiment No. Starting material powder Heat treatment temperature Temperature increase time Retention time 1 SeTe 500°C 2h 2h 2 SeTe 500°C 2h 1h
  • the cross-section of the wire was polished, and the polished cross-section was observed by means of an optical microscope and an SEM (scanning electron microscope), and further, using EDX (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), surface mapping for elements was conducted.
  • Fig. 3 is a photograph taken by an optical microscope of the cross-section of the wire obtained by embedding in a resin the wire prepared under the conditions for Experiment No. 1 shown in Table 1 and polishing it.
  • Fig. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of the cross-section of the wire prepared under the conditions for Experiment No. 1 shown in Table 1.
  • Fig. 5 is surface mapping as measured by EDX (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) with respect to the cross-section of the wire prepared under the conditions for Experiment No. 1 shown in Table 1. The analysis was performed using an Fe-K ⁇ ray, an Se-L ⁇ ray, and a Te-L ⁇ ray. The results of the analysis have confirmed that an iron-based superconductor having a chemical composition which is FeSe 1-x Te x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) is formed in the iron sheath.
  • Iron-based superconducting wires respectively having FeSe and FeTe 1-x S x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) chemical compositions were able to be prepared under the same conditions as those for Experiment Nos. 1 and 2 shown in Table 1.
  • Te 1-x S x which had been preliminarily synthesized by reacting Te with S and changing the composition ratio of Te and S, was used as a raw material other than iron.
  • an iron tube (sheath) was filled with the above-obtained TeS, together with Te, and formed into a wire, followed by a heating treatment at 450 to 600°C, to obtain an iron-based superconducting wire in which the chemical composition of the iron-based superconductor is FeTe 1-x S x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1).
  • a critical current was observed in each of the iron-based superconducting wires.
  • the iron-based superconducting wire of the invention and a method for producing the same are not limited to the above-mentioned Examples needless to say.
  • the iron-based superconducting wire of the invention and a method for producing the same are advantageous in that an iron-based superconducting wire using an iron-based superconducting substance, such as FeSe, FeTe, FeSe 1-x Te x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), or FeTe 1-x S x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), can be produced with ease. It is expected that the iron-based superconductor is put into practical use and the use thereof is advanced and developed.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is an iron-based superconducting wire comprising a tubular material formed mainly from iron, and an iron-based superconductor formed in the tubular material, wherein the iron-based superconductor contains the iron forming the tubular material as a chemical constituent element of the iron-based superconductor.

Description

    Technical Field
  • The present invention relates to an iron-based superconducting wire using an iron-based superconductor mainly made of iron and a method for producing the same.
    • Background Art
  • An iron-based superconductor was discovered early in 2008 (non-patent document 1). Since this discovery of the iron-based superconductor, superconductors of the related compounds have been successively found, and the iron-based superconductor is expected to be a vein of new high-temperature superconductor.
  • The iron-based superconductors have a high critical current density and a high critical magnetic field, and are increasingly expected to be applied to practical use. Among the iron-based superconductors, ones having a simplest structure, such as FeSe, FeTe, FeSe1-xTex (0 < x < 1), and FeTe1-xSx (0 < x < 1), have been developed by the present inventors (for example, non-patent documents 2 and 3). Further, it has been known that, in the molar ratio of Fe and a chalcogen in the compound, Fe is slightly excess. These iron-based superconductors are considered suitable for practical application due to their relatively low toxicity or simple structure.
    • [Non-patent document 1] J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130, 3296 (2008)
    • [Non-patent document 2] Appl. Phys. Lett., 94, 012503 (2009)
    • [Non-patent document 3] Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, 152505 (2008)
    Disclosure of the Invention Problems that the Invention is to Solve
  • A task of the present invention is to apply an iron-based superconductor to practical use, and to provide an iron-based superconducting wire using an iron-based superconducting substance, such as FeSe, FeTe, FeSe1-xTex (0 < x < 1), or FeTe1-xSx (0 < x < 1), and a method for producing the same.
    • Means for Solving the Problems
  • For solving the above problems, the iron-based superconducting wire of the invention is characterized in that the iron-based superconducting wire comprises a tubular material formed mainly from iron, and an iron-based superconductor formed in the tubular material, wherein the iron-based superconductor contains the iron forming the tubular material as a chemical constituent element of the iron-based superconductor.
  • In the iron-based superconducting wire, it is preferred that the tubular material is a sheath for superconducting wire.
  • Further, in the iron-based superconducting wire, it is preferred that the iron-based superconductor has a chemical composition which is FeSe, FeTe, FeSe1-xTex (0 < x < 1), or FeTe1-xSx(0<x<1).
  • Further, in the iron-based superconducting wire, a plurality of the iron-based superconducting wires can be unified to form a multicore wire.
  • The method for producing an iron-based superconducting wire of the invention is characterized in that the method comprises filling a tubular material formed mainly from iron with a raw material which comprises a chemical constituent element other than iron for constituting an iron-based superconductor, and then subjecting the resultant material to mechanical processing to form a wire material, and subjecting the wire material to heating treatment at 100 to 1,000°C for one minute to 500 hours so that the iron forming the tubular material and the raw material filling the tubular material are reacted with each other to form an iron-based superconductor, obtaining an iron-based superconducting wire.
    • Advantage of the Invention
  • The iron-based superconducting wire of the invention and a method for producing the same are advantageous in that, by filling a tubular material formed mainly from iron with a raw material other than iron for constituting an iron-based superconductor, an iron-based superconducting wire can be produced with ease, and the iron-based superconducting wire exhibits stable superconductivity.
    • Brief Description of Drawings
    • Fig. 1 shows photographs of (a) the wire after rolled and (b) the wire after subjected to heat treatment in the Example.
    • Fig. 2 is a graph showing the current-voltage characteristics of the FeSe1-xTex (0 < x < 1) superconducting wire prepared in the Example.
    • Fig. 3 is a photograph taken by an optical microscope of the cross-section of the FeSe1-xTex (0 < x < 1) superconducting wire prepared in the Example.
    • Fig. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of the FeSe1-xTex (0 < x < 1) superconducting wire prepared in the Example.
    • Fig. 5 shows photographs showing the results of surface mapping measured with respect to the cross-section of the FeSe1-xTex (0 < x < 1) superconducting wire prepared in the Example.
    Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
  • In the iron-based superconducting wire of the invention, using a tubular material formed mainly from iron, an iron-based superconductor is formed from the iron forming the tubular material, and a raw material which fills the tubular material and which comprises a chemical constituent element constituting the iron-based superconductor other than iron. That is, in a tubular material formed mainly from iron, an iron-based superconductor containing the iron forming the tubular material as a chemical constituent element of the iron-based superconductor is formed.
  • The tubular material is formed mainly from iron for making a contribution to the formation of an iron-based superconductor, and the tubular material can contain an additive or inevitably contained impurity other than iron in such an amount that it does not inhibit the formation of an iron-based superconductor. For example, the addition of a hexagonal phase, a pyrite phase, silver, iron oxide, bismuth, or the like is allowable.
  • In the iron-based superconducting wire of the invention, as typical examples of chemical compositions of the iron-based superconductor, there can be mentioned FeSe, FeTe, FeSe1-xTex (0 < x < 1), and FeTe1-xSx (0 < x < 1), which have already been developed, but with respect to the chemical composition of the iron-based superconductor, there is no particular limitation as long as a wire can be formed from the iron-based superconductor.
  • On the other hand, the composition ratio of the chemical constituent elements constituting the iron-based superconductor can be appropriately changed. For example, in FeSe1-xTex (0 < x < 1) or FeTe1-xSx (0 < x < 1), the Se:Te ratio or Te:S ratio can be appropriately changed within the range: 0 < x < 1.
  • The tubular material formed mainly from iron can function and serve as a sheath for superconducting wire.
  • With respect to the element raw material other than iron, which fills the tubular material, a single substance of Se, Te, or S or a mixture thereof, or a compound preliminarily synthesized, such as SeTe or TeS, can be used.
  • A method for producing the iron-based superconducting wire of the invention is, for example, shown below.
    1. 1) A tubular material formed mainly from iron is filled with a raw material which comprises a chemical constituent element other than iron for constituting an iron-based superconductor.
    2. 2) The resultant material is subjected to mechanical processing, such as rolling, to form a wire material.
    3. 3) The wire material is subjected to heat treatment at 100 to 1,000°C for one minute to 500 hours to form an iron-based superconductor.
  • The use of preliminarily synthesized SeTe or TeS as a raw material filling the tubular material is effective in preventing Se or S from evaporating during the heat treatment.
  • Further, when conducting the heating treatment in an inert gas atmosphere in a dosed state, Se or S can be effectively prevented from diffusing.
  • Further, for introducing a pinning center, into a raw material other than iron for filling the tubular material, such as SeTe, an additive, for example, a hexagonal phase, a pyrite phase, silver, iron oxide, or bismuth can be incorporated in such an amount that the superconductivity is not sacrificed.
  • The invention has been completed by succeeding in observing a critical current of the iron-based superconducting wire in an electrical conduction test for the first time, and possibly gives an effective technical guideline on the future wire formation from the iron-based superconductor. For example, a multicore iron-based superconducting wire comprising a plurality of the iron-based superconducting wires which are unified to form a multicore wire can be realized.
    • Examples
  • A test preparation of a wire was conducted using a Powder-in-Tube method. An iron tube having an outer diameter of 6 mm and an inner diameter of 3.5 mm was used as a sheath, and filled with Se or preliminarily synthesized SeTe, and the both ends of the iron tube were sealed up. Then, the sealed tube was rolled using a groove roll until the outer diameter became 2 mm, and further rolled using a flat roll until the width became 4 to 5 mm and the thickness became about 0.55 mm. The resultant wire was cut into about 4 cm, and the cut short-length wire was sealed in a quartz tube in an argon gas atmosphere (equivalent to atmospheric pressure). Then, the wire was subjected to heating treatment under the conditions shown in Table 1. The heating temperature is 450 to 550°C, and the heating time is 3 to 4 hours including the temperature increase time. After the heating treatment, a voltage-current measurement was performed by an electrical conduction test to estimate a critical current (Ic).
  • Fig. 1(a) is a photograph of the wire obtained by rolling an iron tube (sheath) filled with SeTe powder, which has not been calcined, and Fig. 1 (b) is a photograph of the wire which has been calcined by a heating treatment in an argon gas atmosphere.
  • SeTe used as a raw material other than iron is obtained by vacuum-sealing Se and Te weighed in a 1:1 molar ratio in a quartz tube and then calcining them at 500°C for 8 hours to synthesize SeTe, and subsequently grinding the synthesized SeTe.
  • The Se and Te used are as follows.
  • The Se used is Se powder having a purity of 99.9% up and an average particle size of 75 µm, manufactured by Kojundo Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd.
  • The Te used is Te powder having a purity of 99.9% and an average particle size of 150 µm, manufactured by Kojundo Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd. Table 1
    Experiment No. Starting material powder Heat treatment temperature Temperature increase time Retention time
    1 SeTe 500°C 2h 2h
    2 SeTe 500°C 2h 1h
  • As can be seen from Samples 1 and 2 shown Fig. 2, with respect to the FeSe1-xTex (0 < x < 1) wires prepared by calcination under the conditions for Experiment Nos. 1 and 2 shown in Table 1 (wherein Sample 1 corresponds to Experiment No. 1 and Sample 2 corresponds to Experiment No. 2), the zero resistance state has been confirmed until a certain current, and a critical current at a threshold of 0.1 µV has been successfully estimated. An iron-based superconductor wire has been realized.
  • The cross-section of the wire was polished, and the polished cross-section was observed by means of an optical microscope and an SEM (scanning electron microscope), and further, using EDX (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), surface mapping for elements was conducted.
  • Fig. 3 is a photograph taken by an optical microscope of the cross-section of the wire obtained by embedding in a resin the wire prepared under the conditions for Experiment No. 1 shown in Table 1 and polishing it. Fig. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of the cross-section of the wire prepared under the conditions for Experiment No. 1 shown in Table 1. Fig. 5 is surface mapping as measured by EDX (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) with respect to the cross-section of the wire prepared under the conditions for Experiment No. 1 shown in Table 1. The analysis was performed using an Fe-Kα ray, an Se-Lα ray, and a Te-Lα ray. The results of the analysis have confirmed that an iron-based superconductor having a chemical composition which is FeSe1-xTex (0 < x < 1) is formed in the iron sheath.
  • Iron-based superconducting wires respectively having FeSe and FeTe1-xSx (0 < x < 1) chemical compositions were able to be prepared under the same conditions as those for Experiment Nos. 1 and 2 shown in Table 1. In the preparation of the Fe Te1-xSx (0 < x < 1) superconducting wire, Te1-xSx, which had been preliminarily synthesized by reacting Te with S and changing the composition ratio of Te and S, was used as a raw material other than iron. From the studies on polycrystals of FeSe, FeSe1-xTex (0 < x < 1), and FeTe1-xSx (0 < x < 1), it has been known that a synthesis in the solid solution system is possible. For example, Te and S were mixed in a 1:1 molar ratio and vacuum-sealed in a quartz glass tube, and then calcined at 400°C for 1/2 day, so that all the Te and S were reacted with each other, thus obtaining TeS.
  • For changing the composition ratio, an iron tube (sheath) was filled with the above-obtained TeS, together with Te, and formed into a wire, followed by a heating treatment at 450 to 600°C, to obtain an iron-based superconducting wire in which the chemical composition of the iron-based superconductor is FeTe1-xSx (0 < x < 1). In each of the iron-based superconducting wires, a critical current was observed.
  • The iron-based superconducting wire of the invention and a method for producing the same are not limited to the above-mentioned Examples needless to say.
    • Industrial Applicability
  • The iron-based superconducting wire of the invention and a method for producing the same are advantageous in that an iron-based superconducting wire using an iron-based superconducting substance, such as FeSe, FeTe, FeSe1-xTex (0 < x < 1), or FeTe1-xSx (0 < x < 1), can be produced with ease. It is expected that the iron-based superconductor is put into practical use and the use thereof is advanced and developed.

Claims (5)

  1. An iron-based superconducting wire characterized in that the iron-based superconducting wire comprises a tubular material formed mainly from iron, and an iron-based superconductor formed in the tubular material, the iron-based superconductor containing the iron forming the tubular material as a chemical constituent element of the iron-based superconductor.
  2. The iron-based superconducting wire according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular material is a sheath for superconducting wire.
  3. The iron-based superconducting wire according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the iron-based superconductor has a chemical composition which is FeSe, FeTe, FeSe1-xTex (0 < x < 1), or FeTe1-xSx (0 < x < 1).
  4. A multicore iron-based superconducting wire characterized by comprising a plurality of the iron-based superconducting wires according to any one of claims 1 to 3 which are unified to form a multicore wire.
  5. A method for producing an iron-based superconducting wire, characterized in that the method comprises filling a tubular material formed mainly from iron with a raw material which comprises a chemical constituent element other than iron for constituting an iron-based superconductor, and then subjecting the resultant material to mechanical processing to form a wire material, and subjecting the wire material to heating treatment at 100 to 1,000°C for one minute to 500 hours so that the iron forming the tubular material and the raw material filling the tubular material are reacted with each other to form an iron-based superconductor, obtaining an iron-based superconducting wire.
EP10783376.6A 2009-06-05 2010-06-01 Iron-based superconducting wire and manufacturing method therefor Not-in-force EP2447958B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2009136662 2009-06-05
PCT/JP2010/059278 WO2010140593A1 (en) 2009-06-05 2010-06-01 Iron-based superconducting wire and manufacturing method therefor

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2447958A1 true EP2447958A1 (en) 2012-05-02
EP2447958A4 EP2447958A4 (en) 2015-04-15
EP2447958B1 EP2447958B1 (en) 2017-09-20

Family

ID=43297727

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10783376.6A Not-in-force EP2447958B1 (en) 2009-06-05 2010-06-01 Iron-based superconducting wire and manufacturing method therefor

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US8871684B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2447958B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5626658B2 (en)
CN (1) CN102498528B (en)
WO (1) WO2010140593A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114566326A (en) * 2022-03-29 2022-05-31 中国科学院电工研究所 Method for obtaining composite sheathed iron-based superconducting wire strip by extrusion molding

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5626991B2 (en) * 2011-01-18 2014-11-19 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 Method for superconducting FeTe1-xSx compound synthesized by solid phase reaction
RU2522591C2 (en) * 2012-07-13 2014-07-20 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова" (МГУ) Method of synthesising monocrystalline iron selenides
CN110061367B (en) * 2019-04-23 2020-08-11 中国科学院电工研究所 A kind of iron-based superconducting joint and preparation method thereof
CN112010270B (en) * 2019-05-31 2022-07-15 中国科学院物理研究所 FeBi(Te,Se) polycrystalline superconducting material and its preparation method and application
CN110867283B (en) * 2019-11-29 2020-11-24 西北有色金属研究院 A kind of preparation method of FeSe-based superconducting wire
CN113345640B (en) * 2021-06-03 2022-08-02 西北有色金属研究院 A kind of preparation method of Fe(Se,Te) superconducting wire
CN114242333B (en) * 2021-12-23 2023-03-14 上海交通大学 Iron-selenium-tellurium-sulfur superconducting target material and preparation method and application thereof
US20250140448A1 (en) * 2022-01-30 2025-05-01 Fermi Research Alliance, Llc Bi-Layer Barrier Assembly for Iron-Based Superconductor and Associated Methods
CN114822991B (en) * 2022-05-26 2023-01-31 西北有色金属研究院 A kind of preparation method of Fe(Se,Te) superconducting wire rod

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3945600B2 (en) * 1998-03-04 2007-07-18 学校法人東海大学 Method for producing Nb 3 Sn superconducting wire
US20030036482A1 (en) * 2001-07-05 2003-02-20 American Superconductor Corporation Processing of magnesium-boride superconductors
JP4476800B2 (en) * 2004-12-28 2010-06-09 株式会社神戸製鋼所 Method for producing Nb3Sn superconducting wire
CN1933036A (en) * 2005-09-13 2007-03-21 中国科学院电工研究所 MgBz superconducting material and producing method thereof
CN1865457A (en) * 2006-06-13 2006-11-22 中国科学院电工研究所 Heat treatment method for iron base MgB2 superconductor wire and belt
CN101271747B (en) * 2008-05-07 2013-05-01 中国科学院电工研究所 Iron based compounds superconducting wire, belt material and method for producing the same
JP5376499B2 (en) * 2008-11-04 2013-12-25 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 Iron-based superconducting material

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114566326A (en) * 2022-03-29 2022-05-31 中国科学院电工研究所 Method for obtaining composite sheathed iron-based superconducting wire strip by extrusion molding

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN102498528B (en) 2014-04-16
US8871684B2 (en) 2014-10-28
US20120135869A1 (en) 2012-05-31
EP2447958B1 (en) 2017-09-20
JPWO2010140593A1 (en) 2012-11-22
CN102498528A (en) 2012-06-13
EP2447958A4 (en) 2015-04-15
WO2010140593A1 (en) 2010-12-09
JP5626658B2 (en) 2014-11-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2447958B1 (en) Iron-based superconducting wire and manufacturing method therefor
Dou et al. Mechanism of enhancement in electromagnetic properties of MgB 2 by nano SiC doping
Wu et al. Transport properties and superconductivity in Ba1-xMxFe2As2 (M= La and K) with double FeAs layers
Hong et al. Enhancement of the thermoelectric performance of n− type Bi2O2Se by Ce4+ doping
Flahaut et al. Role of Ag in textured-annealed Bi2Ca2Co1. 7Ox thermoelectric ceramic
TWI910444B (en) Superconducting compounds and methods for making the same
EP2361879B1 (en) Iron-containing superconductive substance
Fu et al. High critical current density in Ti-doped MgB 2/Ta/Cu tape by powder-in-tube process
US5354535A (en) Synthesis of highly phase pure (Bi, Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor
JP6814007B2 (en) Mixed anion compound Iron-based superconducting wire and its manufacturing method
Nakamura et al. Phase formation mechanism and properties of Ag-sheathed (Bi, Pb)-2223 tapes prepared by two-powder method
Sauer et al. Fluorination of the high-Tc superconductors YBa2Cu3O7− δ and GdBa2Cu3O7− δ
CA2579733A1 (en) Process for producing bismuth-based oxide superconductor, and superconductive wire
EP0588240B1 (en) Bi-type high-temperature superconducting oxide material and method of producing the same
EP1780734A1 (en) Method for producing superconducting wire
Ritonga et al. Effect of dopant on superconductor Bi1. 6Pb0. 4Sr2Ca2-x MxCu3Oy (M= Ce, Na, Mg) phase 2223 by solid method
Bovone et al. The Influence of Wire Heat Treatment on PIT $\hbox {MgB} _ {2} $ Conductors Manufactured Using Laboratory-Made Boron
Eckert et al. High Critical Fields and Currents in Mechanically Alloyed MgB _2
Guo et al. Influence of Ca2PbO4 on phase formation and electrical properties of (Bi, Pb) 2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10/Ag superconducting composites
Hong et al. Developmental Studies on Powder-Processed Nb3A1 Superconducting Wire
JPH11199232A (en) Calcined powder for superconductor and superconducting polycrystal
Artini et al. Search for new superconducting oxides in M4Pn2O phases (M= Ca, Sr, Ba and Pn= As, Sb, Bi)
JP4261568B2 (en) Manufacturing method of oxide superconducting wire
Baca et al. Altering Self‐Assembly of Second Phase Additions in YBa2Cu3O7‐x for Pinning Enhancement
JPH10226569A (en) Calcined powder for producing bi-containing oxide superconductor and bi-2223 phase polycrystalline body obtained by sintering same

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20111220

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
RA4 Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched (corrected)

Effective date: 20150318

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: C01G 1/00 20060101ALI20150312BHEP

Ipc: C01B 19/04 20060101ALI20150312BHEP

Ipc: C01B 19/00 20060101ALI20150312BHEP

Ipc: H01B 12/10 20060101AFI20150312BHEP

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20170407

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 930755

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20171015

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602010045416

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20170920

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20171220

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170920

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170920

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170920

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170920

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 930755

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20170920

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170920

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20171220

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20171221

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170920

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170920

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170920

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170920

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170920

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170920

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180120

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170920

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170920

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170920

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 9

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602010045416

Country of ref document: DE

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170920

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20180621

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170920

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20180601

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20180630

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180601

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170920

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180601

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180601

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180630

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180630

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180630

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180601

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170920

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170920

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20100601

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170920

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20170920

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20170920

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20200618

Year of fee payment: 11

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20200619

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20200625

Year of fee payment: 11

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 602010045416

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20220101

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210630

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20210601