EP2419900A1 - Procede et dispositif d'evaluation objective de la qualite vocale d'un signal de parole prenant en compte la classification du bruit de fond contenu dans le signal - Google Patents
Procede et dispositif d'evaluation objective de la qualite vocale d'un signal de parole prenant en compte la classification du bruit de fond contenu dans le signalInfo
- Publication number
- EP2419900A1 EP2419900A1 EP10723655A EP10723655A EP2419900A1 EP 2419900 A1 EP2419900 A1 EP 2419900A1 EP 10723655 A EP10723655 A EP 10723655A EP 10723655 A EP10723655 A EP 10723655A EP 2419900 A1 EP2419900 A1 EP 2419900A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- noise
- signal
- background noise
- speech
- noise signal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L25/00—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00
- G10L25/48—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 specially adapted for particular use
- G10L25/69—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 specially adapted for particular use for evaluating synthetic or decoded voice signals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L21/00—Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
- G10L21/02—Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation
- G10L21/0208—Noise filtering
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to the processing of speech signals and in particular the voice signals transmitted in telecommunications systems.
- the invention relates to a method and a device for objectively evaluating the speech quality of a speech signal taking into account the classification of the background noise contained in the signal.
- the invention applies in particular to speech signals transmitted during a telephone call through a communication network, for example a mobile telephony network or a switched network or packet network telephony network.
- background noise may include various noises: sounds from engines (cars, motorcycles), aircraft passing through the sky, conversation / whispering noises - for example in a restaurant or café environment -, music, and many other audible noises.
- background noise may be an additional element of communication that can provide useful information to listeners (mobility context, geographic location, environment sharing). Since the advent of mobile telephony, the ability to communicate from any location has helped to increase the presence of background noise in transmitted speech signals, and has therefore made it necessary to process background noise so maintain an acceptable level of communication quality.
- unwanted noise produced in particular during the coding and transmission of the audio signal on the network (packet losses for example, voice over IP) can also interact with background noise.
- Parizet - article presented at of the conference "Acoustics'08" held in Paris from June 29 to July 4, 2008 - describes subjective tests that not only show that the noise level of background noise plays a major role in the evaluation of the voice quality in the context of a VoIP application, but also demonstrate that the type of background noise (environmental noise, line noise, etc.) that is superimposed on the voice signal (the useful signal) plays an important role in assessing the voice quality of communication.
- Figure 1 appended to this description is derived from the aforementioned Document [1] (see section 3.5, Figure 2 of this document) and represents the means of opinion (MOS LQSN) with the associated confidence interval, calculated from of notes given by auditors to audio messages containing six different types of background noise, according to the ACR (Absolute Category Rating) method.
- the various types of noise are: pink noise, stationary speech noise (BPS), electrical noise, city noise, restaurant noise, television noise or voice, each noise being considered at three different levels of perceived loudness.
- BPS stationary speech noise
- electrical noise city noise, restaurant noise, television noise or voice, each noise being considered at three different levels of perceived loudness.
- the horizontal line above the other curves represents the notation corresponding to an audio signal containing no background noise.
- the present invention aims in particular to meet the aforementioned need, proposing in a first aspect a method of objective evaluation of the voice quality of a speech signal.
- this method comprises the steps of:
- the step of evaluating the speech signal's speech quality comprises the steps of:
- a voice quality score (MOS_CLi) according to the invention is obtained according to a mathematical formula of the following general form:
- MOS _ CLi C 1. , + C 1 X / (N) Where:
- - MOS_CLi is the calculated score for the noise signal
- N is a mathematical function of the total loudness, N, estimated for the noise signal
- C h1 and C 1 are two coefficients defined for the noise class (CLi) obtained for the noise signal.
- the function / (N) is the natural logarithm, Ln (N), of the total loudness ⁇ expressed in sones.
- the total loudness of the noise signal is estimated according to an objective model of loudness estimation, for example the Zwicker model or the Moore model.
- the step of classifying the background noise contained in the speech signal includes the steps of: - extraction of the speech signal, a background noise signal, said noise signal;
- the step of calculating audio parameters of the noise signal comprises the calculation of a first parameter (IND_TMP), called temporal indicator, relating to the temporal evolution of the noise signal, and a second parameter (IND_FRQ), called frequency indicator, relating to the frequency spectrum of the noise signal.
- IND_TMP first parameter
- IND_FRQ second parameter
- the time indicator (IND_TMP) is obtained from a calculation of the variation of the sound level of the noise signal
- the frequency indicator (IND_FRQ) is obtained from a variation calculation of the amplitude of the frequency spectrum of the noise signal.
- the method of the invention implements steps consisting of:
- TH2 a second threshold
- the set of classes obtained according to the invention comprises at least the following classes:
- the invention relates to a device for objective evaluation of the voice quality of a speech signal.
- this device comprises:
- this objective voice quality evaluation device comprises: an extraction module based on the speech signal of a background noise signal, called a noise signal;
- noise noise classification module contained in the noise signal, based on the calculated audio parameters, according to a predefined set of background noise classes
- the invention relates to a computer program on an information medium, this program comprising instructions adapted to the implementation of a method according to the invention as briefly defined above, when the program is loaded and executed in a computer.
- FIG. 1 is a graphical representation of the average subjective scores given by auditors to audio messages containing various types of background noise and loudness levels, in accordance with a known study of the state of the technical;
- FIG. 2 represents a software window displayed on a computer screen showing the selection tree obtained by learning to define a background noise classification model used according to the invention
- FIGS. 3a and 3b show a flowchart illustrating a method of objective evaluation of the voice quality of a speech signal, according to an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart detailing the step (FIGS. 3b, S23) of evaluating the voice quality of a speech signal according to the classification of the background noise contained in the speech signal;
- FIG. 5 graphically shows the result of subjective voice quality evaluation tests according to the invention, as well as log-log regression curves, which link the perceived quality ratings to the perceived loudness for audio signals corresponding to the classes. background noise defined according to the invention;
- FIG. 6 graphically shows the degree of correlation existing between the quality scores obtained in the subjective tests and those obtained according to the objective quality evaluation method, according to the present invention
- FIG. 7 represents a block diagram of an objective evaluation device for the voice quality of a speech signal, according to the invention.
- the method of objective evaluation of the voice quality of a speech signal according to the invention is remarkable in that it uses the result of the classification phase of the background noise contained in the speech signal, to estimate the voice quality of the signal.
- the classification phase of the background noise contained in the speech signal is based on the implementation of a previously constructed background noise classification model, the method of construction of which according to the invention is described below. after. Construction of the background noise classification model
- the construction of a noise classification model takes place conventionally in three successive phases.
- the first phase consists in determining a sound base composed of audio signals containing various background noises, each audio signal being labeled as belonging to a given noise class.
- a second phase is extracted from each sound sample of the base a number of predefined characteristic parameters forming a set of indicators.
- the set of compound pairs, each, of the set of indicators and the associated noise class is provided to a learning engine intended to provide a classification model for classifying any sound sample on the basis of specific indicators, the latter being selected as the most relevant of the various indicators used during the learning phase.
- the classification model obtained then makes it possible, based on indicators extracted from any sound sample (not part of the sound database), to provide a noise class to which this sample belongs.
- voice quality can be influenced by the meaning of noise in the context of telephony, so if users identify noise as coming from a sound source of In the speaker's environment, some indulgence is observed regarding the perceived quality evaluation Two tests made it possible to verify this, the first test concerning the interaction of the characteristics and sound levels of the background noise with the perceived vocal quality.
- the sound base used consists, on the one hand, of the audio signals used for the subjective tests described in Document [1], and on the other hand of audio signals originating from public sound bases.
- the audio signals from the aforementioned subjective tests in the first test (see Document [1], section 3.2), 152 sound samples are used. These samples are obtained from eight sentences of the same duration (8 seconds) selected from a standardized list of double sentences, produced by four speakers (two men and two women). These sentences are then mixed with six types of background noise (detailed below) at three different levels of loudness (loudness in English). Phrases without background noise are also included. Then all the samples are encoded with a G.71 1 code.
- a pink noise (pink noise), considered as the reference (stationary noise with -3 dB / octave of frequency content); a stationary speech noise (BPS), that is to say a random noise with a frequency content similar to the standardized human voice (stationary); an electrical noise, that is to say a harmonic sound having a fundamental frequency of 50 Hz simulating a circuit noise (stationary);
- Each noise is sampled at 8 kHz, filtered with the IRS8 tool, coded and decoded in G.71 1 and G.729 in the case of the narrow band (300 - 3400 Hz), then each sound is sampled at 16 kHz and filtered with the tool described in recommendation P.341 I 1 ITU-T ( “Transmission characteristics for wideband (150-7000 Hz) digital hands-free telephony finishing", 1998), and finally encoded and decoded in G.722 (broadband 50 - 7000 Hz). These three degraded conditions are then restored according to two levels whose signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is respectively 16 and 32. Each noise lasts four seconds. Finally, a total of 288 different audio signals are obtained.
- SNR signal-to-noise ratio
- the sound base used to develop the classification model finally consists of 632 audio signals.
- Each sound sample of the sound database is manually tagged to identify a background class of membership.
- the classes chosen were defined following the subjective tests mentioned in the Document [1] and more precisely, were determined according to the indulgence vis-à-vis the perceived noise, manifested by the human subjects tested during the judgment of the voice quality depending on the type of background noise (among the 6 types mentioned above).
- BDF background noise
- BDF "environment” these are noises with informational content and providing information about the speaker's environment, such as city noise, restaurant noise, nature noise, etc. This class of noise causes a slight indulgence on the judgment of the voice quality perceived by the users compared to a noise of the same level.
- BDF "breath” These noises are stationary and do not contain informational content, for example, pink noise, stationary wind noise, stationary speech noise (BPS).
- Signal correlation This is an indicator using the Bravais-Pearson correlation coefficient applied between the entire signal and the same shifted signal of a digital sample.
- Zero crossing rate (ZCR) of the signal - (3) The variation of the sound level of the signal;
- the classification model is obtained by learning using a decision tree (see Figure 1), made using the statistical tool called “classregtree” MATLAB® environment marketed by The company MathWorks.
- the algorithm used is developed using techniques described in the book entitled “Classification and regression trees” by Léo Breiman et al. published by Chapman and Hall in 1993.
- Each sample of background noise from the sound database is indicated by the eight indicators mentioned above and the class of membership of the sample (1: intelligible, 2: environment, 3: breath, 4: sizzle).
- the decision tree then calculates the various possible solutions in order to obtain an optimum classification, closest to the manually labeled classes.
- the most relevant audio indicators are selected, and value thresholds associated with these indicators are defined, these thresholds making it possible to separate the different classes and subclasses of background noise.
- the resulting classification uses only two of the original eight indicators to rank the 500 background noises of learning in the four classes. predefined.
- the indicators selected are the indicators (3) and (6) of the list introduced above and respectively represent the variation of the acoustic level and the spectral flow of the background noise signals.
- the classification model obtained by learning begins by separating the background noise according to their stationarity character.
- This stationarity character is highlighted by the temporal indicator characteristic of the variation of the acoustic level (indicator (3)).
- the characteristic frequency indicator of the spectral flow indicator (6) in turn filters each of the two categories (stationary / non-stationary) selected with the indicator (3).
- the selection tree obtained with the two aforementioned indicators, correctly classified 86.2% of the background noise signals among the 500 audio signals subjected to learning. More specifically, the good classification proportions obtained for each class are as follows:
- the "environment” class gets a lower classification result than for the other classes. This result is due to the differentiation between “breath” and “environmental” sounds, which can sometimes be difficult to perform, because of the similarity of certain sounds that can be arranged in both classes, for example sounds such as wind noise or the sound of a hair dryer.
- the indicators selected for the classification model according to the invention are defined in greater detail below.
- the time indicator is characteristic of the variation of the sound level of any noise signal is defined by the standard deviation of the power values of all the considered frames of the signal.
- a power value is determined for each of the frames.
- Each frame is composed of 512 samples, with overlapping between successive frames of 256 samples. For a sampling frequency of 8000 Hz, this corresponds to a duration of 64 ms (milliseconds) per frame, with an overlap of 32 ms. This 50% overlap is used to provide continuity between successive frames, as defined in document [5]: "P.56 Objective measurement of active speech level, I 1 recommendation ITU-T, 1993.
- the sound power value for each of the frames may be defined by the following mathematical formula:
- frame means the number of the frame to be evaluated;
- L tra refers to the length of the frame (512 samples);
- x is the amplitude of the sample /;
- log refers to the decimal logarithm. This calculates the logarithm of the calculated average to obtain a power value per frame.
- the value of the time indicator "IND_TMP" of the considered background noise is then defined by the standard deviation of all the power values obtained, by the following relation:
- Ntr a m e represents the number of frames present in the background noise considered
- P 1 represents the power value for the frame /
- ⁇ P> is the average power on all frames. According to the time indicator IND_TMP, the more a sound is non-stationary and the higher the value obtained for this indicator.
- the frequency indicator designated in the rest of the description by "IND_FRQ” and characteristic of the spectral flux of the noise signal, is calculated from the Spectral Power Density (DSP) of the signal.
- DSP Spectral Power Density
- this indicator is determined by frame of 256 samples, corresponding to a duration of 32 ms for a sampling frequency of 8 KHz. There is no frame overlap, unlike the time indicator.
- Spectral flow also referred to as “spectrum amplitude variation,” is a measure of the rate of change of a power spectrum of a signal over time. This indicator is calculated from the normalized cross-correlation between two successive amplitudes of the spectrum a k (t-1) and a k (t).
- the spectral flow (SF) can be defined by the following mathematical formula:
- a value of the spectral flux corresponds to the amplitude difference of the spectral vector between two successive frames. This value is close to zero if the successive spectra are similar, and is close to 1 for very different successive spectra.
- the value of the spectral stream is high for a music signal because a musical signal varies greatly from one frame to another. For speech, with the alternation of periods of stability (vowel) and transitions (consonant / vowel), the measurement of the spectral flow takes very different values and varies strongly during a sentence.
- the final expression used for the frequency indicator is defined as the average of the spectral flux values for all the frames of the signal, as defined in the equation below:
- the classification model of the invention is used according to the invention to determine, on the basis of indicators extracted from any noisy audio signal, the class of noise to which this noisy signal belongs among the set of classes defined for the classification model.
- Figures 3a and 3b show a flowchart illustrating a method of objectively evaluating the speech quality of a speech signal, according to an embodiment of the invention. According to the invention, the method of classification of background noise is implemented prior to the actual phase of evaluation of voice quality.
- the first step S1 consists in obtaining an audio signal, which, in the embodiment presented here, is a speech signal obtained in analog or digital form.
- a voice activity detection (DAV) operation is then applied to the speech signal.
- DAV voice activity detection
- the purpose of this voice activity detection is to separate in the input audio signal the periods of the speech-containing signal, possibly noisy, periods of the signal containing no speech (periods of silence), therefore not being able to contain only noise.
- the active areas of the signal that is to say presenting the noisy voice message, are separated from each other. inactive areas noisy.
- the voice activity detection technique implemented is that described in the above-mentioned Document [5] ("P.56 Objective Measurement of Active Voice Level, ITU-T Recommendation I 1 , 1993)
- the principle of the DAV technique used consists of:
- the background noise signal generated is the signal consisting of the periods of the audio signal for which the result of the speech activity detection is zero.
- the audio parameters consisting of the two indicators mentioned above (time indicator IND_TMP and frequency indicator IND_FRQ), which were selected during the obtaining of the classification model (learning phase), are extracted. of the noise signal, in step S7.
- step S9 the value of the time indicator (IND_TMP) obtained for the noise signal is compared with the first threshold TH1 mentioned above. If the value of the time indicator is greater than the threshold TH1 (S9, no) then the noise signal is of non-stationary type and then the test of step S11 is applied.
- IND_TMP time indicator
- the frequency indicator (IND_FRQ) is compared to the second threshold TH2 mentioned above. If the indicator IND_FRQ is greater (S1 1, no) than the threshold TH2, the class (CL) of the noise signal is determined (step S13) as being CL1: "Noise intelligible”; otherwise the class of the noise signal is determined (step S15) as CL2: "Noise The classification of the analyzed noise signal is then completed and the evaluation of the speech quality of the speech signal can then be performed (Fig. 3b, step S23).
- step S9 if the value of the time indicator is below the threshold TH 1 (S 9, yes) then the noise signal is of the stationary type and then the test of step S 17 is applied (FIG 3b). .
- the value of the frequency indicator IND_FRQ is compared with the third threshold TH3 (defined above). If the indicator IND_FRQ is greater (S17, no) than the threshold TH3, the class (CL) of the noise signal is determined (step S19) as being CL3: "Breath noise"; otherwise the class of the noise signal is determined (step S21) as being
- Figure 4 details the step (Fig. 3b, S23) of evaluating the speech quality of a speech signal according to the classification of the background noise contained in the speech signal.
- the voice quality evaluation operation starts with step S231 in which, the total loudness of the noise signal (SIG_N) is estimated.
- the loudness is defined as the subjective intensity of a sound, it is expressed in sones or phones.
- the subjective loudness measured can however be estimated using known objective models such as the Zwicker model or
- Zwicker's model is described for example in the document "Psychoaco ⁇ stics: Facts and Modeled 'E. Zwicker and H. Fastl - Berlin, Springer, 2d edition, updated April 14, 1999?.
- the total loudness of the noise signal is estimated using the Zwicker model, however also implement the invention using the Moore model. Moreover, the more accurate the loudness estimation model used, the more precise the voice quality evaluation according to the invention will be.
- the total loudness estimate, expressed in sones, of the noise signal SIG_N, obtained using the Zwicker model, is referred to herein as "N".
- N The total loudness estimate, expressed in sones, of the noise signal SIG_N, obtained using the Zwicker model.
- - MOS_CLi is the note computed for the signal of noise SIG_N CLi class
- f (N) is a mathematical function of the total loudness, N, estimated for the noise signal, according to a loudness model such as the Zwicker model
- the voice quality score for the speech signal, MOS_CLi is obtained, on the one hand, as a function of the classification obtained relating to the background noise present in the speech signal.
- Figure 1 described above represents opinion means (MOS LQSN) with the associated confidence interval, calculated from notes given by auditors to audio messages containing six types. different backgrounds, according to the ACR (Absolute Category Rating) method.
- the various types of noise are: pink noise, stationary speech noise (BPS), electrical noise, city noise, restaurant noise, television noise or voice, each noise being considered at three different levels of perceived loudness.
- the loudness levels of the various types of background noise are obtained in this test, subjectively.
- SNR pink background noise
- - Class 1 (CL1: "intelligible”) corresponds to TV / speech noises
- - class 2 (CL2: "environment”) corresponds to the grouping of city noise and restaurant noise
- CL3 includes pink noise and stationary speech noise (BPS); and
- each test audio signal can be characterized by its background noise class (CL1 -CL4), its perceived loudness level (in sones: 1, 67; 4,6; 8,2; 14) and the MOS note.
- -LQSN Listening Quality Subjective Narrowband assigned to it in the preliminary subjective test (Document [1], "Préliminary Experimenf.”) Therefore, in summary, in this test, 24 subjects underwent an evaluation test of the overall quality of audio signals according to the ACR method In the end, 152 MOS-LQSN scores were obtained by taking the average of the scores given by the 24 subjects, for each of the 152 test audio signals, which are divided according to the four FIG.
- the 152 test conditions are represented by their points, each corresponding point on the abscissa, at a loudness level, and on the ordinate, at assigned quality score (MOS-LQSN); the points are furthermore differentiated according to the class of the background noise contained in the corresponding audio signal.
- MOS CLi C, _, + C 1 X In (N) (6)
- Ln (N) natural logarithm of the total loudness value, N, calculated and expressed in sones
- the perceived loudness value N - subjectively obtained value in the context of the aforementioned subjective tests - is obtained by estimation according to a known method of loudness estimation, the Zwicker model in the embodiment set forth herein.
- FIG. 6 graphically shows the degree of correlation between the quality scores obtained in the subjective tests and those obtained using the objective quality evaluation method, according to the present invention.
- This voice quality evaluation device is designed to implement the voice quality evaluation method according to the invention which has just been described above.
- the device 1 for evaluating the voice quality of a speech signal comprises a module 11 for extracting from the audio signal (SIG) a background noise signal (SIG_N). , called noise signal.
- the speech signal (GIS) input to the voice quality evaluation device 1 can be delivered to the device 1 from a communication network 2, such as a voice over IP network for example.
- the module 11 is in practice a voice activity detection module.
- the module DAV 1 1 then provides a noise signal SIG_N which is delivered as input to a module 13 for extracting parameters, that is to say calculating the parameters constituted by the time and frequency indicators, respectively IND_TMP and IND_FRQ.
- the calculated indicators are then provided to a classification module, implementing the classification model according to the invention, described above, which determines, as a function of the values of the indicators used, the background noise class (CL) to which the noise signal SIG_N, according to the algorithm described in connection with Figures 3a and 3b.
- the result of the classification performed by the background noise classification module 15 is then provided to voice quality evaluation module 17.
- the latter implements the voice quality evaluation algorithm described above in connection with FIG. 4, in order to finally deliver an objective voice quality score relating to the input speech signal (SIG).
- the voice quality evaluation device is implemented in the form of software means, that is to say computer program modules, performing the functions described in connection with the figures. 3a, 3b, 4 and 5.
- the voice quality evaluation module 17 can be incorporated in a computer machine separate from that housing the other modules.
- the background noise class information (CL) can be routed via a communication network to the machine or server responsible for performing the voice quality evaluation.
- each voice quality score calculated by the module 17 is sent to a local collection equipment or on the network, responsible for collecting this quality information in order to establish an overall quality score, established for example as a function of time and / or according to the type of communication and / or according to other types of quality notes .
- the aforementioned program modules are implemented when they are loaded and executed in a computer or computer device.
- a computing device may also be constituted by any processor system integrated in a communication terminal or in a communication network equipment.
- a computer program according to the invention can be stored on an information carrier of various types.
- an information carrier may be constituted by any entity or device capable of storing a program according to the invention.
- the medium in question may comprise a hardware storage means, such as a memory, for example a CD ROM or a ROM or RAM microelectronic circuit memory, or a magnetic recording means, for example a Hard disk.
- a computer program according to the invention can use any programming language and be in the form of source code, object code, or intermediate code between source code and object code (for example eg, a partially compiled form), or in any other form desirable for implementing a method according to the invention.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
- Computational Linguistics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
- Monitoring And Testing Of Exchanges (AREA)
- Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0952531A FR2944640A1 (fr) | 2009-04-17 | 2009-04-17 | Procede et dispositif d'evaluation objective de la qualite vocale d'un signal de parole prenant en compte la classification du bruit de fond contenu dans le signal. |
| PCT/FR2010/050699 WO2010119216A1 (fr) | 2009-04-17 | 2010-04-12 | Procede et dispositif d'evaluation objective de la qualite vocale d'un signal de parole prenant en compte la classification du bruit de fond contenu dans le signal |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2419900A1 true EP2419900A1 (fr) | 2012-02-22 |
| EP2419900B1 EP2419900B1 (fr) | 2013-03-13 |
Family
ID=41137230
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10723655A Active EP2419900B1 (fr) | 2009-04-17 | 2010-04-12 | Procede et dispositif d'evaluation objective de la qualite vocale d'un signal de parole prenant en compte la classification du bruit de fond contenu dans le signal |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8886529B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2419900B1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2944640A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2010119216A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10504538B2 (en) | 2017-06-01 | 2019-12-10 | Sorenson Ip Holdings, Llc | Noise reduction by application of two thresholds in each frequency band in audio signals |
| CN114486286A (zh) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-05-13 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | 一种车辆关门声品质评价方法及设备 |
Families Citing this family (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2944640A1 (fr) * | 2009-04-17 | 2010-10-22 | France Telecom | Procede et dispositif d'evaluation objective de la qualite vocale d'un signal de parole prenant en compte la classification du bruit de fond contenu dans le signal. |
| WO2010146711A1 (fr) * | 2009-06-19 | 2010-12-23 | 富士通株式会社 | Dispositif de traitement de signal audio et procédé de traitement de signal audio |
| EP2603914A4 (fr) * | 2010-08-11 | 2014-11-19 | Bone Tone Comm Ltd | Suppression d'un bruit de fond pour une utilisation privée et personnalisée |
| CN102231279B (zh) * | 2011-05-11 | 2012-09-26 | 武汉大学 | 基于听觉关注度的音频质量客观评价系统及方法 |
| KR101406398B1 (ko) * | 2012-06-29 | 2014-06-13 | 인텔렉추얼디스커버리 주식회사 | 사용자 음원 평가 장치, 방법 및 기록 매체 |
| US9679555B2 (en) | 2013-06-26 | 2017-06-13 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Systems and methods for measuring speech signal quality |
| CN106409310B (zh) | 2013-08-06 | 2019-11-19 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种音频信号分类方法和装置 |
| US10148526B2 (en) | 2013-11-20 | 2018-12-04 | International Business Machines Corporation | Determining quality of experience for communication sessions |
| US11888919B2 (en) | 2013-11-20 | 2024-01-30 | International Business Machines Corporation | Determining quality of experience for communication sessions |
| US10079031B2 (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2018-09-18 | Marvell World Trade Ltd. | Residual noise suppression |
| US9749733B1 (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2017-08-29 | Harman Intenational Industries, Incorporated | Approach for detecting alert signals in changing environments |
| US10141005B2 (en) | 2016-06-10 | 2018-11-27 | Apple Inc. | Noise detection and removal systems, and related methods |
| US10311863B2 (en) * | 2016-09-02 | 2019-06-04 | Disney Enterprises, Inc. | Classifying segments of speech based on acoustic features and context |
| CN107093432B (zh) * | 2017-05-19 | 2019-12-13 | 江苏百应信息技术有限公司 | 一种用于通信系统的语音质量评价系统 |
| CN111326169B (zh) * | 2018-12-17 | 2023-11-10 | 中国移动通信集团北京有限公司 | 一种语音质量的评价方法及装置 |
| US11350885B2 (en) * | 2019-02-08 | 2022-06-07 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | System and method for continuous privacy-preserved audio collection |
| CN110610723B (zh) * | 2019-09-20 | 2022-02-22 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | 车内声品质的评价方法、装置、设备及存储介质 |
| EP4158627A1 (fr) * | 2020-05-29 | 2023-04-05 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Procédé et appareil pour traiter un signal audio initial |
| CN113393863B (zh) * | 2021-06-10 | 2023-11-03 | 北京字跳网络技术有限公司 | 一种语音评价方法、装置和设备 |
| CN115334349B (zh) * | 2022-07-15 | 2024-01-02 | 北京达佳互联信息技术有限公司 | 音频处理方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质 |
| CN117636907B (zh) * | 2024-01-25 | 2024-04-12 | 中国传媒大学 | 基于广义互相关的音频数据处理方法、装置及存储介质 |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5504473A (en) * | 1993-07-22 | 1996-04-02 | Digital Security Controls Ltd. | Method of analyzing signal quality |
| JP3484757B2 (ja) * | 1994-05-13 | 2004-01-06 | ソニー株式会社 | 音声信号の雑音低減方法及び雑音区間検出方法 |
| JP3484801B2 (ja) * | 1995-02-17 | 2004-01-06 | ソニー株式会社 | 音声信号の雑音低減方法及び装置 |
| US5684921A (en) * | 1995-07-13 | 1997-11-04 | U S West Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for identifying a corrupted speech message signal |
| US6202046B1 (en) * | 1997-01-23 | 2001-03-13 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Background noise/speech classification method |
| US6330532B1 (en) * | 1999-07-19 | 2001-12-11 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus for maintaining a target bit rate in a speech coder |
| ATE498177T1 (de) * | 1999-08-10 | 2011-02-15 | Telogy Networks Inc | Hintergrundenergieschätzung |
| SG97885A1 (en) * | 2000-05-05 | 2003-08-20 | Univ Nanyang | Noise canceler system with adaptive cross-talk filters |
| US7472059B2 (en) * | 2000-12-08 | 2008-12-30 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus for robust speech classification |
| DE10142846A1 (de) * | 2001-08-29 | 2003-03-20 | Deutsche Telekom Ag | Verfahren zur Korrektur von gemessenen Sprachqualitätswerten |
| US7461003B1 (en) * | 2003-10-22 | 2008-12-02 | Tellabs Operations, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for improving the quality of speech signals |
| EP1756539A1 (fr) * | 2004-06-04 | 2007-02-28 | Philips Intellectual Property & Standards GmbH | Prediction de performance pour systeme de reconnaissance vocale interactif |
| WO2006035269A1 (fr) * | 2004-06-15 | 2006-04-06 | Nortel Networks Limited | Procede et appareil d'evaluation de la qualite vocale asymetrique non invasive en voix sur ip |
| WO2006136900A1 (fr) * | 2005-06-15 | 2006-12-28 | Nortel Networks Limited | Procede et dispositif d'evaluation asymetrique sans intrusion de la qualite vocale dans une voix sur ip |
| FR2894707A1 (fr) * | 2005-12-09 | 2007-06-15 | France Telecom | Procede de mesure de la qualite percue d'un signal audio degrade par la presence de bruit |
| FR2944640A1 (fr) * | 2009-04-17 | 2010-10-22 | France Telecom | Procede et dispositif d'evaluation objective de la qualite vocale d'un signal de parole prenant en compte la classification du bruit de fond contenu dans le signal. |
-
2009
- 2009-04-17 FR FR0952531A patent/FR2944640A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2010
- 2010-04-12 EP EP10723655A patent/EP2419900B1/fr active Active
- 2010-04-12 WO PCT/FR2010/050699 patent/WO2010119216A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2010-04-12 US US13/264,945 patent/US8886529B2/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2010119216A1 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10504538B2 (en) | 2017-06-01 | 2019-12-10 | Sorenson Ip Holdings, Llc | Noise reduction by application of two thresholds in each frequency band in audio signals |
| CN114486286A (zh) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-05-13 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | 一种车辆关门声品质评价方法及设备 |
| CN114486286B (zh) * | 2022-01-12 | 2024-05-17 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | 一种车辆关门声品质评价方法及设备 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2010119216A1 (fr) | 2010-10-21 |
| US8886529B2 (en) | 2014-11-11 |
| FR2944640A1 (fr) | 2010-10-22 |
| EP2419900B1 (fr) | 2013-03-13 |
| US20120059650A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP2419900B1 (fr) | Procede et dispositif d'evaluation objective de la qualite vocale d'un signal de parole prenant en compte la classification du bruit de fond contenu dans le signal | |
| EP2415047B1 (fr) | Classification du bruit de fond contenu dans un signal sonore | |
| Malfait et al. | P. 563—The ITU-T standard for single-ended speech quality assessment | |
| CA2436318C (fr) | Procede et dispositif de reduction de bruit | |
| US20130266147A1 (en) | System and method for identification of highly-variable vocalizations | |
| EP0594480A1 (fr) | Procédé de détection de la parole | |
| EP1468416A1 (fr) | Procede d'evaluation qualitative d'un signal audio numerique. | |
| CA3053032A1 (fr) | Methode et appareil de modification dynamique du timbre de la voix par decalage en frequence des formants d'une enveloppe spectrale | |
| EP2795618B1 (fr) | Procédé de détection d'une bande de fréquence prédéterminée dans un signal de données audio, dispositif de détection et programme d'ordinateur correspondant | |
| EP0685833B1 (fr) | Procédé de codage de parole à prédiction linéaire | |
| EP3627510B1 (fr) | Filtrage d'un signal sonore acquis par un systeme de reconnaissance vocale | |
| EP1849157B1 (fr) | Procede de mesure de la gene due au bruit dans un signal audio | |
| Sharma et al. | Non-intrusive estimation of speech signal parameters using a frame-based machine learning approach | |
| FR2894707A1 (fr) | Procede de mesure de la qualite percue d'un signal audio degrade par la presence de bruit | |
| FR2627887A1 (fr) | Systeme de reconnaissance de parole et procede de formation de modeles pouvant etre utilise dans ce systeme | |
| CA2304013A1 (fr) | Procede de conditionnement d'un signal de parole numerique | |
| Barry et al. | Audio inpainting based on self-similarity for sound source separation applications | |
| FR2875633A1 (fr) | Procede et dispositif d'evaluation de l'efficacite d'une fonction de reduction de bruit destinee a etre appliquee a des signaux audio | |
| Santos | A non-intrusive objective speech intelligibility metric tailored for cochlear implant users in complex listening environments | |
| Jaiswal | Performance Analysis of Deep Learning Based Speech Quality Model with Mixture of Features | |
| FR2847706A1 (fr) | Analyse de la qualite de signal vocal selon des criteres de qualite | |
| WO2002082424A1 (fr) | Procede et dispositif d'extraction de parametres acoustiques d'un signal vocal |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20111115 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
| GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 601216 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20130315 Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: FRENCH |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602010005476 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20130508 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130613 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130313 Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130613 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130313 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130624 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MK05 Ref document number: 601216 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20130313 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: VDEP Effective date: 20130313 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MG4D |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130313 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130313 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130313 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130614 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PUE Owner name: ORANGE, FR Free format text: FORMER OWNER: FRANCE TELECOM, FR |
|
| RAP2 | Party data changed (patent owner data changed or rights of a patent transferred) |
Owner name: ORANGE |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130313 |
|
| BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: FRANCE TELECOM Effective date: 20130430 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130313 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130313 Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130313 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130313 Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130713 Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130313 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130715 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130313 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130313 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130313 |
|
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20130430 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130313 |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20131216 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130313 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 602010005476 Country of ref document: DE Effective date: 20131216 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20130412 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20140430 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20140430 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130313 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SM Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130313 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130313 Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130313 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20130313 Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20130412 Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO Effective date: 20100412 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20250319 Year of fee payment: 16 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20260319 Year of fee payment: 17 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20260319 Year of fee payment: 17 |