EP2409943A1 - Telescopic lifting device driven by a rack and pinion - Google Patents

Telescopic lifting device driven by a rack and pinion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2409943A1
EP2409943A1 EP10007497A EP10007497A EP2409943A1 EP 2409943 A1 EP2409943 A1 EP 2409943A1 EP 10007497 A EP10007497 A EP 10007497A EP 10007497 A EP10007497 A EP 10007497A EP 2409943 A1 EP2409943 A1 EP 2409943A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rack
module
section
locking
pinion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10007497A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2409943B1 (en
Inventor
François-Xavier Guyard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TALBOT LIFTING & SECURITY EUROPE LIMITED
Original Assignee
Talbot Industrie Decoupage Emboutissage
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Talbot Industrie Decoupage Emboutissage filed Critical Talbot Industrie Decoupage Emboutissage
Priority to ES10007497.0T priority Critical patent/ES2469869T3/en
Priority to EP20100007497 priority patent/EP2409943B1/en
Priority to US13/356,866 priority patent/US8840087B2/en
Publication of EP2409943A1 publication Critical patent/EP2409943A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2409943B1 publication Critical patent/EP2409943B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F3/00—Devices, e.g. jacks, adapted for uninterrupted lifting of loads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F3/00—Devices, e.g. jacks, adapted for uninterrupted lifting of loads
    • B66F3/02—Devices, e.g. jacks, adapted for uninterrupted lifting of loads with racks actuated by pinions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the design and construction of a rack-and-pinion type telescopic lifting apparatus.
  • a rack-and-pinion type telescopic lifting apparatus Such a device makes it possible to move a load vertically over a few meters. It comprises a telescopic mast that can be equipped as needed, at the base of a fixed or mobile base system and in the upper part of any system for fixing or handling the load.
  • Telescopic masts which comprise modules sliding vertically on each other and in which the movement of an upper module relative to a lower module is obtained by means of one or more cables connecting the modules to each other.
  • a traction force exerted on the crank of a winch which is fixed outside the lower module, at the base of the device, and to which is connected the end of one of the cables, ensures the deployment of the device and allows the vertical displacement of the load attached to the upper module.
  • the aim of the invention is to avoid these drawbacks by means of a telescopic mast lifting device in which, to control the movement of an upper module element with respect to a lower module element, a mechanical drive system is available.
  • direct rack and pinion, motion transmission between a crank rotatably mounted in the lower element of the referenced module, or fixed base module, and a rack integral with the element of the upper module being provided, in a conventional manner, by a gear train with a rotary gear co-operating with the tooth of the rack.
  • the present invention provides to protect the lifting mechanism by a non-return locking device whose implementation is automatically controlled during training development telescopic mast by friction coupling with a gear of the gear train ensuring the transmission of movement of the mounted crank accessible from the outside on the lower element to the rack secured to the upper element.
  • the lifting device according to the invention thus involves a drive mechanism whose performance is advantageous and which is particularly safe in its operation.
  • non-return drive locking device which may advantageously comprise a friction brake inspired by those described for a winch in the published patent document.
  • EP 2058266 and in the European patent application filed under the number 09 010459.7 one and other citing the same inventor as the present European patent application and filed in the name of a company related to the applicant company. It may be referred to in case of need to facilitate the understanding of the description of the figures which will follow.
  • the hoisting apparatus in its preferred embodiments for implementation industrially, present other characteristics that relate to the constitution of the rack equipping the upper module of the telescopic stage.
  • the rack is advantageously made of several parts, succeeding one another longitudinally or stacking transversely, which assemble in mounted position in the upper module of the telescopic stage by self-locking relative to each other mutually and together with respect to said module.
  • the rack is thus formed of superimposed layers of cut sheet metal, the final thickness of the multi-layer rack being equivalent to the width of the groove formed by the profile of the corresponding module. (upper module of the telescopic stage) to the effect of a self-locking assembly.
  • the invention thus has the advantage of leading to a light material realization, both for the rack and the profiled tube in which it is mounted. Furthermore, the multi-layer embodiment allows the rack to resist buckling even though it has to cash in the large forces that are due in particular to the friction coupling of the rack drive system with a blocking system opposing inadvertent return during operation when lifting charge.
  • the design according to the invention also has the advantage of facilitating a simple and inexpensive manufacture.
  • the lifting device comprises a telescopic mast 2 adapted to deploy under the action of a crank 4 which is attached to the mast and which is associated with a gear reduction device 6 for the drive of a rack 8 secured to a module of the mast, said module then moving telescopically with respect to the base of the mast.
  • the drive of the rack by the action on the crank allows the movement of the module which is associated with the rack, upwards or downwards depending on whether it is desired to go up or down the telescopic system, which eliminates the use of a winch and a cable and which gives the system reliability and safety in all circumstances, the drive device being coupled with a friction brake system which ensures the passive locking of the load in its position without the operator being obliged to provide an effort in opposition to the descent of this load.
  • the telescopic mast consists of two profiled modules 11 and 12, as can be seen on the Figures 1 to 3 the second module sliding inside the first basic module.
  • the base module 11 carries the drive and gearing mechanism associated with the crank and the brake system
  • the sliding module 12 carries the rack adapted to cooperate with a pinion of the drive system.
  • the base module is formed by a profiled tube, preferably aluminum so that the entire mast has a weight allowing its movement on a work area.
  • a base 14 may be provided for the stabilization of the mast and is then fixed on the base module.
  • the tube is formed of two side walls 16 facing one another and a rear wall 18 which connects the rear ends of the side walls transversely. It is observed that the front face of the tube is open so that the tube has a substantially U-shaped section.
  • a cover 20 can be fixed to close and secure the profile on its open part.
  • a central core 22 extends transversely inside the tube parallel to the rear wall between the two side walls.
  • the central core thus defines two zones, a housing zone of the drive mechanism 24 which will be located on the open side of the tube, and a guide zone of the sliding module 26.
  • the guide zone comprises stiffening walls and leaves free a guide corridor of equivalent section to the section of the second module.
  • a notch 28 is formed in the central core to provide communication between the housing area of the drive mechanism and the guide channel of the sliding module.
  • the gear drive and gear mechanism 6 has a set of two-axis gears which extend into the housing area between the side walls of the tube.
  • a first axis forms a primary shaft 30 and carries mainly a driving gear 32, a spring 34 and a ratchet wheel 36.
  • This primary shaft is rotatably mounted on bearings 38 set in the side walls.
  • One end of the first axis is integral with the crank.
  • a second axis forms a secondary shaft 40, which extends parallel to the primary shaft.
  • the secondary shaft mainly carries a driven pinion 42, which is engaged with the drive gear, and a rack pinion 44 which is positioned so that a portion of this pinion passes through the notch achieved in the central soul.
  • a third axis 46 is mounted between the side walls of the tube and carries a safety pawl 48, which is positioned in engagement with the ratchet wheel of the primary shaft. The operation of this mechanical safety device will be described later.
  • the sliding module 12 is formed by a profiled tube, preferably aluminum so that the entire mast has a weight allowing its movement on a work area.
  • the profiled tube forming the sliding module comprises a central compartment 50, a rear compartment 52 and a receiving groove of the rack 54. It will be understood that in the case of a two-module mast embodiment, the central and rear compartments remain empty. and will eventually be used for fixing the load at the end of the sliding module. In the case of a non shown where the number of sliding modules of the telescopic mast is greater than two, these compartments are intended to receive a sliding module and a strap for the deployment of this additional module.
  • the groove in the upper module serves as a receiving groove for the rack which is automatically trapped there. In a nonlimiting manner in the embodiment described here as an example, it is carried out on one side of the module sliding between a side wall 56 and a wall defining the central compartment and the rear compartment. This groove extends over the entire width of the sliding module and an intermediate wall 58 is disposed vertically in this groove. Grooves 60 are formed in the intermediate wall to allow the passage of protruding portions of the rack to be accommodated in the groove.
  • the basic module is equipped in its upper part with a protective cover 62 which also integrates a guide function of the module. It follows the inner walls of the area receiving the second module. It is equipped with self-locking clips so that when the second module is in place, the room is captive.
  • the second module is equipped at its lower end, intended to remain in operation in the volume of the first module, a not shown part covering the outer walls and guiding the second module inside the first module.
  • the basic module is equipped with a guiding device of the second module to facilitate movement and limit friction between each module.
  • a pinion gear reduction system is connected to the crank which is fixed or removable, so as to be in direct contact with the rack secured to the profile and drive it in displacement.
  • the gear reduction system consists of sprockets and rotating axles. The number, size and positioning of these can vary and are defined according to the load, speed and effort required.
  • the action on the crank for lifting the load rotates the driving pinion 32 mounted on the primary shaft and which is in direct contact with the driven pinion 42 mounted on the secondary shaft.
  • this action on the crank in a direction of rotation shown on the figure 3 by the arrow F1, generates the rotation of the secondary shaft and the rack pinion 44 which is integral, and therefore the rise of the rack and the sliding module on which the rack is fixed. It is observed that in the direction of rotation along the arrow F1, the shape of the ratchet wheel engaged with the safety pawl does not prevent rotation of the primary shaft.
  • All reduction and braking systems are integrated directly into the basic module. It will be understood that they may however be positioned projecting therefrom and be housed in a box attached to the base module.
  • the system allows the rotation of a rack pinion which passes through the central core of the profiled tube and which cooperates with the teeth of the rack of the sliding module for the displacement of this module.
  • the driving device is frictionally coupled to a self-locking drive locking system 64 so that the load is permanently maintained whether or not there is action on the crank on the part of the operator.
  • the ratchet wheel is used here as a typical example of a cam disk. It is mounted free to rotate on the primary shaft, between two friction rings 65 (visible in particular on the figure 4 ) integral with this tree. Under the effect of a lateral force, in the axis of the primary shaft and directed to the crank, the friction rings are pressed radially against the cam disc and all three parts is secured by friction. The cam disk is then rotatably connected to the primary shaft, and the locking system is coupled by this friction with the drive device.
  • the lateral force for securing the ratchet wheel with the friction rings is obtained either by a displacement of the pinion driving along the primary shaft in the direction of the ratchet wheel, or by the action of a spring mounted in compression around the primary shaft and tending to press the drive gear against the ratchet wheel.
  • the drive gear has an internal thread 66 and is mounted cooperatively on a threaded portion 68 of the primary shaft.
  • the orientation of the threads is such that when the primary shaft is rotated clockwise to deploy the telescopic assembly by raising the upper element (arrow F1 on the figure 3 ), the pinion tends to move axially towards the crank and therefore to the ratchet wheel.
  • the primary shaft is rotated in the opposite direction to the needles of a watch.
  • the effect of the spring with that of the driving pinion which is pushed towards the friction rings, secures the ratchet wheel to the friction rings and makes the ratchet wheel integral with the rotation of the primary shaft.
  • the shape of the teeth of this wheel allows the rotation of the shaft by releasing each time the ratchet.
  • the primary shaft For moving the sliding module in the direction of approaching the base module, the primary shaft is rotated in the clockwise direction.
  • the direction of the threads made on the primary shaft and inside the driving pinion forces this pinion to move towards the spring.
  • the ratchet wheel is disengaged in rotation relative to the primary shaft since the friction rings are not pressed against said wheel, so that the ratchet wheel does not oppose the rotation of the shaft and the retraction of the sliding module.
  • the operator must provide a torque on the crank sufficiently strong that the drive gear can move against the biasing force of the spring.
  • the rack of the particular mode of implementation chosen to best illustrate the invention consists of a vertical and transverse stack of standard parts.
  • the rack is formed of three blades 76 side by side forming a set.
  • the number of blades bonded to form a section may vary. The number of blades can thus differ according to the desired final thickness for the rack.
  • Each blade of the same section of rack has an identical shape.
  • the blades For the upper section and for the intermediate section, the blades have a generally rectangular sectional shape with a toothed side 78, the shape of the teeth being made to cooperate with the drive pinion of the drive system.
  • the opposite side of the toothed side has a straight edge 80 and projecting hooks, with a first upper hook 82 and a second intermediate hook 84 at mid-height of the blade.
  • the upper side of the blade has a notch 86, which forms with the upper hook, a U-shaped notch, while the lower side of the blade has indexing tabs 88.
  • the blades have shapes identical to the blade shape previously described, except that the lower part is not toothed.
  • This lower section thus comprises a non-toothed portion 90, which forms a stop during the deployment of the sliding module and prevents, in a position of abutment visible on the figure 2a , all of said sliding module out of the volume of the basic module.
  • the blades forming this lower section further comprise a bore passing through the thickness of the blade.
  • the blades are made by cutting into a sheet metal strip.
  • standard parts of complex shape are obtained inexpensively, under identical cutting profiles, as well for producing the tabs and notches as for producing the teeth.
  • the blades of each rack section are locked against each other, in respective positions that automatically match the tabs and mounting notches , as well as the teeth on the toothing side.
  • the rack mounts in the receiving groove as follows.
  • the upper rack section is slid into the groove.
  • the upper and middle hooks of this section are passed through the grooves and the rack section is placed in the bottom of the groove so that the straight edge of the section bears against the intermediate wall of the groove.
  • the upper section is then raised upwards until the U-shaped notch comes into abutment against the intermediate wall, as can be seen in particular on the figure 6 .
  • the upper section is maintained in this vertical position, and the intermediate section is slid into the groove, in the same way as previously cooperating the hooks of the rack and the grooves of the profiled module.
  • the intermediate section is raised upwards until the U-shaped notch comes into abutment against the intermediate wall. In this position, the indexing tab located in the lower part of the upper rack section is locked in position between the intermediate wall and the U-shaped notch of the intermediate section. The intermediate section is then maintained in this vertical position, the upper section being self-locking with the intermediate section and the walls of the groove. Lastly, the lower section is slid and the same procedure as before is carried out so that the notch of the lower section co-operates with the indexing tab of the intermediate section. The vertical stacking of the rack sections is then locked by fixing a screw 92 passing through the lower rack section and the walls of the profile so that all parts are captive in the groove.
  • each rack section Due to the self-locking assembly of each rack section with its direct neighbor and the complementary use of a screw for holding the lower section in position, the rack is blocked as a whole in the two opposite directions by translation. It is also locked in the third direction, transversely to the translation direction, inter alia by maintaining the blades which constitute it in each section between the side walls of the receiving groove, whose width is substantially equal to the total thickness of the boards glued together.
  • the lower rack section forms an abutment zone thus constituting a mechanical limit switch.
  • This stop limits the deployment of the mast beyond the defined height. And it is particularly advantageous that this stop is here obtained without adding an additional mechanical part to perform this function.
  • the rack is here advantageously made by a stack of standard shapes which has the advantage of simplifying the manufacture and not having too heavy rack, which would be complicated to manufacture and which would be particularly detrimental to the efforts to provide for the uprising a charge.
  • the multi-layer realization of bonded blades also allows it to present good characteristics of resistance to effort and stress despite its lightness.

Abstract

The device has an upper module (12) that is slidingly moved vertically along a lower module (11) by a crank type driving device via a transmission mechanism transmitting movement to a gear and a rack (8). An anti-return locking valve is automatically implemented by frictional coupling with a pinion driving the transmission mechanism during driving a movable element in lifting direction. The rack consists of successive sections assembled against each other by a self-locking assembly.

Description

La présente invention concerne la conception et la réalisation d'un appareil de levage télescopique du type à entraînement par pignon et crémaillère. Un tel dispositif permet de déplacer une charge verticalement sur quelques mètres. Il comporte un mât à développement télescopique qui peut être équipé suivant les besoins, à sa base d'un système de piétement fixe ou mobile et en partie supérieure de tout système permettant la fixation ou la manipulation de la charge.The present invention relates to the design and construction of a rack-and-pinion type telescopic lifting apparatus. Such a device makes it possible to move a load vertically over a few meters. It comprises a telescopic mast that can be equipped as needed, at the base of a fixed or mobile base system and in the upper part of any system for fixing or handling the load.

On connaît des mâts télescopiques qui comportent des modules coulissant verticalement les uns sur les autres et dans lesquels le mouvement d'un module supérieur par rapport à un module inférieur est obtenu par l'intermédiaire d'un ou de plusieurs câbles reliant les modules entre eux. Un effort de traction exercé sur la manivelle d'un treuil qui est fixé à l'extérieur du module inférieur, à la base du dispositif, et auquel est reliée l'extrémité d'un des câbles, assure le déploiement du dispositif et permet le déplacement vertical de la charge attachée au module supérieur.Telescopic masts are known which comprise modules sliding vertically on each other and in which the movement of an upper module relative to a lower module is obtained by means of one or more cables connecting the modules to each other. . A traction force exerted on the crank of a winch which is fixed outside the lower module, at the base of the device, and to which is connected the end of one of the cables, ensures the deployment of the device and allows the vertical displacement of the load attached to the upper module.

L'utilisation d'un câble entraîné par treuil présente l'inconvénient de nécessiter un ensemble complexe de poulies qui génère des frictions importantes, ce qui impose d'une part un effort supplémentaire pour que l'opérateur arrive à lever la charge et d'autre part un déploiement plus lent de la charge. En outre, le câble est soumis à de multiples contraintes telles qu'écrasement, coincement, corrosion, ce qui altère rapidement sa durée de vie et implique des opérations de maintenance régulières et coûteuses. Dans un cas extrême, le câble peut se rompre et provoquer des accidents.The use of a cable driven by winch has the disadvantage of requiring a complex set of pulleys that generates significant friction, which requires on the one hand an additional effort for the operator to lift the load and to on the other hand, a slower deployment of the load. In addition, the cable is subjected to multiple stresses such as crushing, jamming, corrosion, which rapidly deteriorates its life and involves regular maintenance and expensive. In an extreme case, the cable can break and cause accidents.

L'invention vise à éviter ces inconvénients grâce à un appareil de levage à mât télescopique dans lequel, pour commander le déplacement d'un élément de module supérieur par rapport à un élément de module inférieur, on dispose d'un système d'entraînement mécanique direct à pignon et crémaillère, la transmission de mouvement entre une manivelle montée rotative dans l'élément inférieur du module de référencé, ou module de base fixe, et une crémaillère solidaire de l'élément du module supérieur étant assurée, de manière en soi classique, par un train d'engrenage à pignon rotatif coopérant avec la denture de la crémaillère.The aim of the invention is to avoid these drawbacks by means of a telescopic mast lifting device in which, to control the movement of an upper module element with respect to a lower module element, a mechanical drive system is available. direct rack and pinion, motion transmission between a crank rotatably mounted in the lower element of the referenced module, or fixed base module, and a rack integral with the element of the upper module being provided, in a conventional manner, by a gear train with a rotary gear co-operating with the tooth of the rack.

Du fait que l'on ne passe plus par un câble bobiné sur un treuil, on s'affranchit d'un inconvénient majeur des systèmes à treuil, qui concerne les variations de l'effort à exercer par l'opérateur pour soulever une charge déterminée sur un distance déterminée. En effet, la longueur de câble à tirer par l'opérateur est fonction du développé de la spire de bobinage en cours, laquelle varie en fonction de la quantité de spires successives empilées sur la bobine du treuil sur laquelle le câble s'enroule.Since we no longer pass by a cable wound on a winch, we overcome a major disadvantage of winch systems, which concerns the variations in the effort to be exerted by the operator to lift a specific load over a certain distance. Indeed, the cable length to be pulled by the operator is a function of the developed winding turn current, which varies depending on the amount of successive turns piled on the coil of the winch on which the cable is wound.

En conjonction avec un mode d'entraînement à transmission mécanique directe par pignon et crémaillère, la présente invention prévoit de protéger le mécanisme de levage par un dispositif de blocage anti-retour dont la mise en oeuvre est automatiquement commandée lors de l'entraînement en développement du mât télescopique par couplage par friction avec un pignon du train d'engrenages assurant la transmission de mouvement de la manivelle montée accessible de l'extérieur sur l'élément inférieur à la crémaillère solidaire de l'élément supérieur.In conjunction with a drive mode with direct mechanical transmission pinion and rack, the present invention provides to protect the lifting mechanism by a non-return locking device whose implementation is automatically controlled during training development telescopic mast by friction coupling with a gear of the gear train ensuring the transmission of movement of the mounted crank accessible from the outside on the lower element to the rack secured to the upper element.

Le dispositif de levage selon l'invention implique ainsi un mécanisme d'entraînement dont le rendement est avantageux et qui est particulièrement sûr dans son fonctionnement.The lifting device according to the invention thus involves a drive mechanism whose performance is advantageous and which is particularly safe in its operation.

Diverses caractéristiques secondaires de l'invention concernent la réalisation du dispositif de blocage d'entraînement anti-retour, lequel peut avantageusement comporter un frein à friction s'inspirant de ceux qui ont été décrits pour un treuil dans le document de brevet publié EP 2058266 et dans la demande de brevet européen déposée sous le numéro 09 010459.7 , l'un et autre citant le même inventeur que la présente demande de brevet européen et déposés au nom d'une société apparentée à la société déposante. On pourra s'y référer en cas de besoin pour faciliter la compréhension de la description des figures qui suivra.Various secondary features of the invention relate to the realization of the non-return drive locking device, which may advantageously comprise a friction brake inspired by those described for a winch in the published patent document. EP 2058266 and in the European patent application filed under the number 09 010459.7 , one and other citing the same inventor as the present European patent application and filed in the name of a company related to the applicant company. It may be referred to in case of need to facilitate the understanding of the description of the figures which will follow.

Mais l'appareil de levage suivant l'invention, dans ses modes de réalisation préférés pour mise en oeuvre industriellement, présente d'autres caractéristiques qui sont relatives à la constitution de la crémaillère équipant le module supérieur de l'étage télescopique.But the hoisting apparatus according to the invention, in its preferred embodiments for implementation industrially, present other characteristics that relate to the constitution of the rack equipping the upper module of the telescopic stage.

C'est ainsi que la crémaillère est avantageusement réalisée en plusieurs pièces, se succédant longitudinalement ou s'empilant transversalement, qui s'assemblent en position montée dans le module supérieur de l'étage téléscopique par auto-blocage les unes par rapport aux autres mutuellement et ensemble par rapport audit module.Thus the rack is advantageously made of several parts, succeeding one another longitudinally or stacking transversely, which assemble in mounted position in the upper module of the telescopic stage by self-locking relative to each other mutually and together with respect to said module.

Les caractéristiques principales d'une telle crémaillère s'expriment comme suit :

  • La crémaillère se monte dans une gorge formée verticalement par un profilé constituant pour l'essentiel l'élément supérieur de l'étage télescopique, la crémaillère présentant des crochets de forme adaptée pour coopérer dans des rainures formées au fond de ladite gorge.
  • La crémaillère est formée de sections successives liées à la suite les unes des autres le long du module correspondant.
  • Dans chacune de ces sections le cas échant, la crémaillère est constituée à partir de feuilles de tôle convenablement découpées, qui sont disposées accollées les unes sur les autres, avec leurs découpes en correspondance, notamment pour former les dents de la denture de crémaillère.
The main characteristics of such a rack are expressed as follows:
  • The rack is mounted in a groove formed vertically by a profile constituting essentially the upper element of the telescopic stage, the rack having hooks of a shape adapted to cooperate in grooves formed at the bottom of said groove.
  • The rack is formed of successive sections connected thereafter from each other along the corresponding module.
  • In each of these sections, if necessary, the rack is formed from sheets of appropriately cut sheet metal, which are arranged on one another, with their corresponding cuts, in particular to form the teeth of the rack teeth.

Dans les modes de mise en oeuvre préférés suivant l'invention, la crémaillère est ainsi constituée de couches superposées de tôle découpée, l'épaisseur finale de la crémaillère multi-couches étant équivalente à la largeur de la gorge formée par le profilé du module correspondant (module supérieur de l'étage télescopique) à l'effet d'un montage par auto-blocage.In the preferred embodiments of the invention, the rack is thus formed of superimposed layers of cut sheet metal, the final thickness of the multi-layer rack being equivalent to the width of the groove formed by the profile of the corresponding module. (upper module of the telescopic stage) to the effect of a self-locking assembly.

L'invention présente alors l'avantage de conduire à une réalisation matérielle légère, tant pour la crémaillère que pour le tube profilé dans lequelle elle se monte. Par ailleurs, la réalisation multi-couches permet à la crémaillère de résister au flambage alors même qu'elle a à encaisser les efforts importants qui sont dus notamment au couplage par friction du système d'entraînement à crémaillère avec un système de blocage s'opposant à un retour intempestif lors du fonctionnement en levage de charge. La conception suivant l'invention a en outre l'avantage de faciliter une fabrication simple et peu onéreuse.The invention thus has the advantage of leading to a light material realization, both for the rack and the profiled tube in which it is mounted. Furthermore, the multi-layer embodiment allows the rack to resist buckling even though it has to cash in the large forces that are due in particular to the friction coupling of the rack drive system with a blocking system opposing inadvertent return during operation when lifting charge. The design according to the invention also has the advantage of facilitating a simple and inexpensive manufacture.

Le dispositif suivant l'invention peut encore présenter différentes caractéristiques, qui seront mises en oeuvre séparément ou en combinaison en fonction de chaque application particulière, comme explicité ci-après :

  • Chaque section de crémaillère présente dans sa partie supérieure une encoche et dans sa partie inférieure une patte d'indexage, la largeur de l'encoche étant égale à la somme de la largeur de ladite patte et de l'épaisseur d'une paroi intermédiaire de la gorge formée dans le module supérieur pour recevoir la crémaillère ;
  • Le dispositif comporte un moyen de fixation traversant ladite gorge du module supérieur (également dit deuxième module dans la description détaillée des figures qui suivra) et traversant également la section inférieure de la crémaillère pour assurer le blocage de l'ensemble de la crémaillère dans la gorge ;
  • La section inférieure de la crémaillère présente une portion d'extrémité sans dentures pour assurer une butée limitant le déplacement du module supérieur dans le sens de son extraction hors du module inférieur lors du déploiement du montage télescopique ;
  • Le système de blocage par frein à friction comporte une roue à rochet en prise sur un cliquet de sécurité monté sur un profilé constitutif du module inférieur de l'étage télescopique (ou premier module, également dit module de base fixe plus loin), ladite roue à rochet étant rendue solidaire d'un pignon menant entraîné par la manivelle dans le sens de l'éloignement du module supérieur par rapport au module inférieur, et libre en rotation dans le sens du retrait du module supérieur dans le module inférieur.
The device according to the invention may also have different characteristics, which will be implemented separately or in combination depending on each particular application, as explained below:
  • Each rack section has in its upper part a notch and in its lower part an indexing tab, the width of the notch being equal to the sum of the width of said tab and the thickness of an intermediate wall of the groove formed in the upper module for receiving the rack;
  • The device comprises a fixing means passing through said groove of the upper module (also called second module in the detailed description of the figures which will follow) and also passing through the lower section of the rack to ensure the locking of the rack assembly in the groove ;
  • The lower section of the rack has a toothless end portion to provide a stop limiting the displacement of the upper module in the direction of its extraction from the lower module during deployment of the telescopic assembly;
  • The friction brake locking system comprises a ratchet wheel engaged with a safety pawl mounted on a section constituting the lower module of the telescopic stage (or first module, also referred to as a fixed module further on), said wheel ratchet being made integral with a driving pinion driven by the crank in the direction of removal of the upper module relative to the lower module, and free to rotate in the direction of removal of the upper module in the lower module.

L'invention sera maintenant plus complètement décrite dans le cadre de caractéristiques préférées et de leurs avantages, en faisant référence aux figures des dessins annexés qui les illustrent et dans lesquelles :

  • la figure 1. représente un dispositif télescopique de levage selon l'invention avec un module de base du mât sur lequel sont rapportés d'une part un système de piétement et d'autre part une manivelle pour l'entraînement d'un deuxième module du dispositif, le deuxième module étant représenté partiellement déployé hors du premier ;
  • la figure 2 illustre par un schéma simplifié le fonctionnement d'un dispositif selon l'invention avec un deuxième module portant une crémaillère et représenté dans une position déployée (fig. 2a) et dans une position rangée (fig. 2b) ;
  • la figure 3 illustre la partie supérieure du premier module du dispositif sans capot de protection, pour rendre apparent le dispositif d'entraînement associé à la manivelle et adaptée à entraîner en déplacement vertical la crémaillère et le deuxième module du dispositif ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue en éclatée de la manivelle et l'arbre primaire du dispositif d'entraînement ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue en coupe partielle du deuxième module représenté seul, avec deux des sections formant la crémaillère montée bloquée dans une gorge dudit module ;
  • la figure 6 est une vue en coupe du deuxième module et de la crémaillère associée formée de trois sections, avec un agrandissement (fig. 6a) de la zone de jonction de deux sections et avec un agrandissement (fig. 6b) de la zone inférieure de la crémaillère
  • et la figure 7 montre l'assemblage de trois découpes de tôles formant selon l'invention une section de crémaillère.
The invention will now be more fully described in the context of preferred features and their advantages, with reference to the figures of the accompanying drawings which illustrate them and in which:
  • the figure 1 . represents a telescopic lifting device according to the invention with a base module of the mast on which are reported on the one hand a base system and on the other hand a crank for driving a second module of the device, the second module being shown partially deployed out of the first;
  • the figure 2 illustrates by a simplified diagram the operation of a device according to the invention with a second module carrying a rack and shown in an extended position ( Fig. 2a ) and in a stowed position ( Fig. 2b );
  • the figure 3 illustrates the upper part of the first module of the device without protective cover, to make apparent the drive device associated with the crank and adapted to cause vertical movement of the rack and the second module of the device;
  • the figure 4 is an exploded view of the crank and the primary shaft of the driving device;
  • the figure 5 is a partial sectional view of the second module shown alone, with two of the sections forming the mounted rack locked in a groove of said module;
  • the figure 6 is a sectional view of the second module and the associated rack formed of three sections, with an enlargement ( Fig. 6a ) of the junction area of two sections and with an enlargement ( Fig. 6b ) of the lower zone of the rack
  • and the figure 7 shows the assembly of three blanks sheet forming a rack section according to the invention.

Le dispositif de levage selon l'invention comporte un mât télescopique 2 adapté à se déployer sous l'action d'une manivelle 4 qui est rapportée sur le mât et qui est associée à un dispositif de démultiplication par pignons 6 pour l'entraînement d'une crémaillère 8 solidaire d'un module du mât, ledit module se déplaçant alors de façon télescopique par rapport à la base du mât.The lifting device according to the invention comprises a telescopic mast 2 adapted to deploy under the action of a crank 4 which is attached to the mast and which is associated with a gear reduction device 6 for the drive of a rack 8 secured to a module of the mast, said module then moving telescopically with respect to the base of the mast.

L'entraînement de la crémaillère par l'action sur la manivelle permet le déplacement du module auquel est associée la crémaillère, vers le haut ou vers le bas suivant que l'on souhaite monter ou descendre le système télescopique, ce qui supprime l'utilisation d'un treuil et d'un câble et qui confère au système fiabilité et sécurité en toute circonstance, le dispositif d'entraînement étant couplé avec un système de freinage par friction qui assure le blocage passif de la charge dans sa position sans que l'opérateur soit obligé de fournir un effort en opposition à la descente de cette charge.The drive of the rack by the action on the crank allows the movement of the module which is associated with the rack, upwards or downwards depending on whether it is desired to go up or down the telescopic system, which eliminates the use of a winch and a cable and which gives the system reliability and safety in all circumstances, the drive device being coupled with a friction brake system which ensures the passive locking of the load in its position without the operator being obliged to provide an effort in opposition to the descent of this load.

Dans le mode de réalisation décrit, le mât télescopique est constitué de deux modules profilés 11et 12, comme cela est visible sur les figures 1 à 3, le deuxième module coulissant à l'intérieur du premier module de base. A cet effet, le module de base 11 porte le mécanisme d'entraînement et de démultiplication associé à la manivelle ainsi que le système de frein, tandis que le module coulissant 12 porte la crémaillère adaptée à coopérer avec un pignon du système d'entraînement.In the embodiment described, the telescopic mast consists of two profiled modules 11 and 12, as can be seen on the Figures 1 to 3 the second module sliding inside the first basic module. For this purpose, the base module 11 carries the drive and gearing mechanism associated with the crank and the brake system, while the sliding module 12 carries the rack adapted to cooperate with a pinion of the drive system.

Le module de base est formé par un tube profilé, avantageusement en aluminium pour que l'ensemble du mât présente un poids permettant son déplacement sur une zone de travail. Un piétement 14 peut être prévu pour la stabilisation du mât et est alors fixé sur le module de base.The base module is formed by a profiled tube, preferably aluminum so that the entire mast has a weight allowing its movement on a work area. A base 14 may be provided for the stabilization of the mast and is then fixed on the base module.

Le tube est formé de deux parois latérales 16 en regard l'une de l'autre et d'une paroi arrière 18 qui raccorde transversalement les extrémités arrières des parois latérales. On observe que la face avant du tube est ouverte de sorte que le tube présente une section sensiblement en forme de U. Un capot 20 peut être fixé pour fermer et sécuriser le profil sur sa partie ouverte.The tube is formed of two side walls 16 facing one another and a rear wall 18 which connects the rear ends of the side walls transversely. It is observed that the front face of the tube is open so that the tube has a substantially U-shaped section. A cover 20 can be fixed to close and secure the profile on its open part.

Une âme centrale 22 s'étend transversalement à l'intérieur du tube parallèlement à la paroi arrière entre les deux parois latérales. L'âme centrale définit de la sorte deux zones, une zone de logement du mécanisme d'entraînement 24 qui va se situer du côté ouvert du tube, et une zone de guidage du module coulissant 26.A central core 22 extends transversely inside the tube parallel to the rear wall between the two side walls. The central core thus defines two zones, a housing zone of the drive mechanism 24 which will be located on the open side of the tube, and a guide zone of the sliding module 26.

La zone de guidage comporte des parois de rigidification et laisse libre un couloir de guidage de section équivalente à la section du deuxième module.The guide zone comprises stiffening walls and leaves free a guide corridor of equivalent section to the section of the second module.

Une encoche 28 est réalisée dans l'âme centrale pour assurer une communication entre la zone de logement du mécanisme d'entraînement et le couloir de guidage du module coulissant.A notch 28 is formed in the central core to provide communication between the housing area of the drive mechanism and the guide channel of the sliding module.

Le mécanisme d'entraînement et de démultiplication par engrenage 6 comporte un jeu de pignons monté sur deux axes qui s'étendent dans la zone de logement entre les parois latérales du tube.The gear drive and gear mechanism 6 has a set of two-axis gears which extend into the housing area between the side walls of the tube.

Un premier axe forme un arbre primaire 30 et porte principalement un pignon menant 32, un ressort 34 et une roue à rochet 36. Cet arbre primaire est monté à rotation sur des paliers 38 enchâssés dans les parois latérales. Une extrémité du premier axe est solidaire de la manivelle.A first axis forms a primary shaft 30 and carries mainly a driving gear 32, a spring 34 and a ratchet wheel 36. This primary shaft is rotatably mounted on bearings 38 set in the side walls. One end of the first axis is integral with the crank.

Un deuxième axe forme un arbre secondaire 40, qui s'étend parallèlement à l'arbre primaire. L'arbre secondaire porte principalement un pignon mené 42, qui est en prise avec le pignon menant, ainsi qu'un pignon d'attaque de crémaillère 44 qui est positionné de manière à ce qu'une partie de ce pignon traverse l'encoche réalisée dans l'âme centrale.A second axis forms a secondary shaft 40, which extends parallel to the primary shaft. The secondary shaft mainly carries a driven pinion 42, which is engaged with the drive gear, and a rack pinion 44 which is positioned so that a portion of this pinion passes through the notch achieved in the central soul.

On prévoit un dégagement suffisant pour que les pignons menant et mené puissent tourner librement dans le module de base, et on peut réaliser pour ceci des encoches de dégagement comme cela est visible sur la figure 3.Sufficient clearance is provided for the drive and driven pinions to rotate freely in the base module, and for this purpose clearance notches can be made as can be seen in FIG. figure 3 .

Un troisième axe 46 est monté entre les parois latérales du tube et porte un cliquet de sécurité 48, qui est positionné en prise avec la roue à rochet de l'arbre primaire. On décrira par la suite le fonctionnement de ce dispositif mécanique de sécurité.A third axis 46 is mounted between the side walls of the tube and carries a safety pawl 48, which is positioned in engagement with the ratchet wheel of the primary shaft. The operation of this mechanical safety device will be described later.

Le module coulissant 12 est formé par un tube profilé, avantageusement en aluminium pour que l'ensemble du mât présente un poids permettant son déplacement sur une zone de travail.The sliding module 12 is formed by a profiled tube, preferably aluminum so that the entire mast has a weight allowing its movement on a work area.

Le tube profilé formant le module coulissant comporte un compartiment central 50, un compartiment arrière 52 et une gorge de réception de la crémaillère 54. On comprendra que dans le cas d'une réalisation de mât à deux modules, les compartiments central et arrière restent vides et vont éventuellement servir à la fixation de la charge en extrémité du module coulissant. Dans le cas d'une réalisation non représentée où le nombre de modules coulissants du mât télescopique est supérieur à deux, ces compartiments sont destinés à recevoir un module coulissant et une sangle pour le déploiement de ce module supplémentaire.The profiled tube forming the sliding module comprises a central compartment 50, a rear compartment 52 and a receiving groove of the rack 54. It will be understood that in the case of a two-module mast embodiment, the central and rear compartments remain empty. and will eventually be used for fixing the load at the end of the sliding module. In the case of a non shown where the number of sliding modules of the telescopic mast is greater than two, these compartments are intended to receive a sliding module and a strap for the deployment of this additional module.

La gorge ménagée dans le module supérieur sert de gorge réceptrice pour la crémaillère qui s'y trouve automatiquement bloquée emprisonnée. De manière non limitative dans le mode de réalisation décrit ici en exemple, elle est réalisée sur un côté du module coulissant entre une paroi latérale 56 et une paroi délimitant le compartiment central et le compartiment arrière. Cette gorge s'étend sur toute la largeur du module coulissant et une paroi intermédiaire 58 est disposée verticalement dans cette gorge. Des rainures 60 sont formées dans la paroi intermédiaire pour permettre le passage de portions en saillie de la crémaillère amenée à être logée dans la gorge.The groove in the upper module serves as a receiving groove for the rack which is automatically trapped there. In a nonlimiting manner in the embodiment described here as an example, it is carried out on one side of the module sliding between a side wall 56 and a wall defining the central compartment and the rear compartment. This groove extends over the entire width of the sliding module and an intermediate wall 58 is disposed vertically in this groove. Grooves 60 are formed in the intermediate wall to allow the passage of protruding portions of the rack to be accommodated in the groove.

Comme cela est visible sur la figure 3, le module de base est équipé dans sa partie supérieure d'un capotage de protection 62 qui intègre également une fonction de guidage du module. Celui-ci épouse les parois internes de la zone recevant le deuxième module. Il est équipé de clips auto-bloquants de sorte que lorsque le deuxième module est en place, la pièce est captive. Le deuxième module est lui équipé à son extrémité inférieure, destinée à rester en fonctionnement dans le volume du premier module, d'une pièce non représentée couvrant les parois externes et assurant le guidage du deuxième module à l'intérieur du premier module. Ainsi, le module de base est équipé d'un dispositif de guidage du deuxième module permettant de faciliter le déplacement et limiter les frottements entre chaque module.As is visible on the figure 3 , the basic module is equipped in its upper part with a protective cover 62 which also integrates a guide function of the module. It follows the inner walls of the area receiving the second module. It is equipped with self-locking clips so that when the second module is in place, the room is captive. The second module is equipped at its lower end, intended to remain in operation in the volume of the first module, a not shown part covering the outer walls and guiding the second module inside the first module. Thus, the basic module is equipped with a guiding device of the second module to facilitate movement and limit friction between each module.

Comme cela a été décrit précédemment, un système de démultiplication par jeux de pignon est relié à la manivelle qui est fixe ou amovible, de manière à être en prise directe avec la crémaillère solidaire du profil et l'entraîner en déplacement.As has been described above, a pinion gear reduction system is connected to the crank which is fixed or removable, so as to be in direct contact with the rack secured to the profile and drive it in displacement.

Le système de démultiplication est constitué de pignons et d'axes en rotation. Le nombre, la taille et le positionnement de ceux-ci peuvent varier et sont définis en fonction de la charge, de la vitesse et de l'effort requis.The gear reduction system consists of sprockets and rotating axles. The number, size and positioning of these can vary and are defined according to the load, speed and effort required.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté, l'action sur la manivelle pour le levage de la charge entraîne en rotation le pignon menant 32 monté sur l'arbre primaire et qui est en prise directe avec le pignon mené 42 monté sur l'arbre secondaire, de sorte que cette action sur la manivelle, dans un sens de rotation représenté sur la figure 3 par la flèche F1, génère la rotation de l'arbre secondaire et du pignon d'attaque de crémaillère 44 qui est solidaire, et donc la montée de la crémaillère et du module coulissant sur lequel la crémaillère est fixée. On observe que dans le sens de rotation selon la flèche F1, la forme de la roue à rochet en prise avec le cliquet de sécurité n'empêche pas la rotation de l'arbre primaire.In the exemplary embodiment shown, the action on the crank for lifting the load rotates the driving pinion 32 mounted on the primary shaft and which is in direct contact with the driven pinion 42 mounted on the secondary shaft. , so this action on the crank, in a direction of rotation shown on the figure 3 by the arrow F1, generates the rotation of the secondary shaft and the rack pinion 44 which is integral, and therefore the rise of the rack and the sliding module on which the rack is fixed. It is observed that in the direction of rotation along the arrow F1, the shape of the ratchet wheel engaged with the safety pawl does not prevent rotation of the primary shaft.

La rotation de la manivelle par un opérateur permet ainsi la transmission de l'effort nécessaire au déplacement de la charge. On pourrait aisément prévoir que la rotation des pignons du système de démultiplication soit initiée non par un effort humain sur la manivelle mais par un couple motorisé.The rotation of the crank by an operator thus allows the transmission of the effort required to move the load. It could easily be expected that the rotation of the gears of the gearing system is initiated not by a human effort on the crank but by a motorized torque.

L'ensemble des systèmes de démultiplication et de freinage sont ici directement intégrés à l'intérieur du module de base. On comprendra qu'ils peuvent toutefois être positionnés en saillie de celui-ci et être logés dans un coffret rapporté sur le module de base.All reduction and braking systems are integrated directly into the basic module. It will be understood that they may however be positioned projecting therefrom and be housed in a box attached to the base module.

Dans tous les cas, le système permet la rotation d'un pignon d'attaque de crémaillère qui passe au travers de l'âme centrale du tube profilé et qui coopère avec les dents de la crémaillère du module coulissant pour le déplacement de ce module.In all cases, the system allows the rotation of a rack pinion which passes through the central core of the profiled tube and which cooperates with the teeth of the rack of the sliding module for the displacement of this module.

Le dispositif d'entraînement est couplé par friction à un système de blocage d'entraînement auto-bloquant 64 de sorte que la charge est maintenue en permanence qu'il y ait ou non action sur la manivelle de la part de l'opérateur.The driving device is frictionally coupled to a self-locking drive locking system 64 so that the load is permanently maintained whether or not there is action on the crank on the part of the operator.

On va décrire ici un système de blocage d'entraînement particulièrement efficace, développé par la demanderesse. Il est formé principalement par la roue à rochet dans sa coopération avec le cliquet de sécurité.We will describe here a particularly effective training locking system, developed by the applicant. It is formed mainly by the ratchet wheel in its cooperation with the safety pawl.

La roue à rochet est utilisée ici en tant qu'exemple type de disque à came. Elle est montée libre en rotation sur l'arbre primaire, entre deux bagues de friction 65 (visibles notamment sur la figure 4) solidaires de cet arbre. Sous l'effet d'un effort latéral, dans l'axe de l'arbre primaire et orienté vers la manivelle, les bagues de friction sont pressées radialement contre le disque à came et l'ensemble des trois pièces est solidarisé par friction. Le disque à came est alors rendu solidaire en rotation de l'arbre primaire, et le système de blocage est couplé par cette friction avec le dispositif d'entraînement.The ratchet wheel is used here as a typical example of a cam disk. It is mounted free to rotate on the primary shaft, between two friction rings 65 (visible in particular on the figure 4 ) integral with this tree. Under the effect of a lateral force, in the axis of the primary shaft and directed to the crank, the friction rings are pressed radially against the cam disc and all three parts is secured by friction. The cam disk is then rotatably connected to the primary shaft, and the locking system is coupled by this friction with the drive device.

L'effort latéral pour la solidarisation de la roue à rochet avec les bagues de friction est obtenu soit par un déplacement du pignon menant le long de l'arbre primaire en direction de la roue à rochet, soit par l'action d'un ressort monté en compression autour de l'arbre primaire et tendant à plaquer le pignon menant contre la roue à rochet.The lateral force for securing the ratchet wheel with the friction rings is obtained either by a displacement of the pinion driving along the primary shaft in the direction of the ratchet wheel, or by the action of a spring mounted in compression around the primary shaft and tending to press the drive gear against the ratchet wheel.

A cet effet, le pignon menant présente un filetage interne 66 et il est monté en coopération sur une partie filetée 68 de l'arbre primaire. L'orientation des filets est telle que lorsque l'arbre primaire est mis en rotation dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre pour déployer le montage télescopique en faisant monter l'élément supérieur (flèche F1 sur la figure 3), le pignon a tendance à se déplacer axialement vers la manivelle et donc vers la roue à rochet.For this purpose, the drive gear has an internal thread 66 and is mounted cooperatively on a threaded portion 68 of the primary shaft. The orientation of the threads is such that when the primary shaft is rotated clockwise to deploy the telescopic assembly by raising the upper element (arrow F1 on the figure 3 ), the pinion tends to move axially towards the crank and therefore to the ratchet wheel.

Pour le déplacement du module coulissant dans le sens de l'éloignement par rapport au module de base, en entraînant le module mobile à l'inverse dans le sens de la descente, l'arbre primaire est mis en rotation dans le sens contraire aux aiguilles d'une montre. L'effet du ressort, avec celui du pignon menant qui est poussé en direction des bagues de friction, solidarise la roue à rochet aux bagues de friction et rend la roue à rochet solidaire en rotation de l'arbre primaire. La forme des dents de cette roue permet toutefois la rotation de l'arbre en se dégageant à chaque fois du cliquet.For moving the sliding module in the direction of the distance from the base module, by driving the mobile module in reverse in the direction of descent, the primary shaft is rotated in the opposite direction to the needles of a watch. The effect of the spring, with that of the driving pinion which is pushed towards the friction rings, secures the ratchet wheel to the friction rings and makes the ratchet wheel integral with the rotation of the primary shaft. The shape of the teeth of this wheel, however, allows the rotation of the shaft by releasing each time the ratchet.

Par contre, si des circonstances sont favorables à une descente brutale du module coulissant, par exemple parce que l'opérateur a arrêté d'agir sur la manivelle, la roue à rochet, qui est en prise avec le cliquet de sécurité et qui est solidaire en rotation de l'arbre primaire, bloque cette descente brutale. On a ici un élément de sécurité passive qui assure à l'utilisateur de ne pas voir chuter brutalement la charge.On the other hand, if circumstances are favorable for a sudden descent of the sliding module, for example because the operator has stopped acting on the crank, the ratchet wheel, which is in engagement with the safety ratchet and which is secured in rotation of the primary shaft, blocks this brutal descent. Here we have a passive safety element that ensures the user does not see the load suddenly fall.

Pour le déplacement du module coulissant dans le sens du rapprochement par rapport au module de base, l'arbre primaire est mis en rotation dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre. Le sens des filets réalisés sur l'arbre primaire et à l'intérieur du pignon menant force ce pignon à se déplacer vers le ressort. La roue à rochet est désolidarisée en rotation par rapport à l'arbre primaire puisque les bagues de friction ne sont pas comprimées contre ladite roue, de sorte que la roue à rochet ne s'oppose pas à la rotation de l'arbre et à la rétractation du module coulissant. L'opérateur doit fournir un couple sur la manivelle suffisamment fort pour que le pignon menant puisse se déplacer à l'encontre de l'effort de rappel du ressort.For moving the sliding module in the direction of approaching the base module, the primary shaft is rotated in the clockwise direction. The direction of the threads made on the primary shaft and inside the driving pinion forces this pinion to move towards the spring. The ratchet wheel is disengaged in rotation relative to the primary shaft since the friction rings are not pressed against said wheel, so that the ratchet wheel does not oppose the rotation of the shaft and the retraction of the sliding module. The operator must provide a torque on the crank sufficiently strong that the drive gear can move against the biasing force of the spring.

On observe que la présence du ressort de rappel permet de pouvoir déplacer le module coulissant même en l'absence d'inertie ou de charge, avec des déplacements contrôlés.It is observed that the presence of the return spring makes it possible to move the sliding module even in the absence of inertia or load, with controlled movements.

La charge est ainsi maintenue en position en toutes circonstances. L'effort exercé sur la manivelle permet de monter ou descendre la charge librement. Il n'y ici pas besoin d'une sécurité additionnelle manuelle, puisque l'invention propose un frein à friction automatique couplé à l'entraînement par crémaillère du module coulissant, par la coopération sur un même arbre d'entraînement du système de freinage et des pignons d'entraînement de la crémaillère.The load is thus maintained in position under all circumstances. The force exerted on the crank makes it possible to raise or lower the load freely. There is no need here for additional manual safety, since the invention proposes an automatic friction brake coupled to the rack drive of the sliding module, by cooperation on the same drive shaft of the braking system and drive sprockets of the rack.

Certains détails du dispositif auto-frein de blocage qui n'ont pas été spécifiquement mentionnés jusqu'à maintenant ressortent clairement de la représentation éclatée de la figure 4. On y voit en particulier deux demi-bagues qui permettent par auto-blocage de constituer les parois d'appui du frein à fonctionnement automatique par friction entre la face radiale d'extrémité du pignon et le disque porteur de roue à rochet, sans avoir recours aux parois d'un bâti rigide. Le montage auto-bloquant correspondant est semblable à celui qui a été décrit pour un auto-frein par friction ayant effet sur l'enroulement d'un câble sur une bobine de treuil dans la demande de brevet européen 09 010459 citée au début de l'exposé.Some details of the self-locking brake device that have not been specifically mentioned until now are clear from the exploded representation of the figure 4 . In particular, two half-rings are provided which, by self-locking, make it possible to form the friction support walls of the automatic friction brake between the radial end face of the pinion and the ratchet wheel bearing disk, without recourse to to the walls of a rigid frame. The corresponding self-locking assembly is similar to that described for a friction brake having effect on the winding of a cable on a winch reel in the European patent application. 09 010459 quoted at the beginning of the presentation.

On va maintenant décrire plus en détail la crémaillère et son mode d'assemblage avec le profilé du module coulissant (module supérieur ou deuxième module).The rack and its method of assembly with the profile of the sliding module (upper module or second module) will now be described in more detail.

La crémaillère du mode de mise en oeuvre particulier choisi pour illustrer au mieux l'invention, est constituée d'un empilement vertical et transversal de pièces standards.The rack of the particular mode of implementation chosen to best illustrate the invention consists of a vertical and transverse stack of standard parts.

Telle qu'elle est représentée sur les figures, elle est faite de trois sections successives empilées verticalement l'une sur l'autre, avec une section inférieure 70 qui est fixe dans la partie inférieure du module coulissant et qui est donc destinée à rester à l'intérieur du module de base, puis une section intermédiaire 72 et une section supérieure 74. Ici, on a représenté une crémaillère à trois sections, mais on comprendra aisément que le découpage en sections de la crémaillère permet de s'adapter à tout dimensionnement de mât télescopique en ajoutant des sections les unes aux autres.As shown in the figures, it is made of three successive sections stacked vertically one on the other, with a lower section 70 which is fixed in the lower part of the sliding module and which is therefore intended to remain at the inside of the base module, then an intermediate section 72 and an upper section 74. Here is shown a rack with three sections, but it will be readily understood that the division into sections of the rack allows to adapt to any sizing telescopic mast by adding sections to each other.

Dans chaque section, la crémaillère est formée de trois lames 76 côte à côte formant un ensemble. De même que pour le nombre de sections de crémaillère, le nombre de lames accollées pour former une section peut varier. Le nombre de lames peut ainsi différer selon l'épaisseur finale souhaitée pour la crémaillère.In each section, the rack is formed of three blades 76 side by side forming a set. As with the number of rack sections, the number of blades bonded to form a section may vary. The number of blades can thus differ according to the desired final thickness for the rack.

Chaque lame d'une même section de crémaillère présente une forme identique. Pour la section supérieure et pour la section intermédiaire, les lames présentent une forme de section globalement rectangulaire avec un côté denté 78, la forme des dents étant réalisée pour coopérer avec le pignon d'attaque du système d'entraînement. Le côté opposé au côté denté comporte une arête droite 80 et des crochets en saillie, avec un premier crochet supérieur 82 et un deuxième crochet intermédiaire 84 à mi-hauteurr de la lame. Le coté supérieur de la lame présente une encoche 86, qui forme avec le crochet supérieur, une encoche en U, tandis que le côté inférieur de la lame présente des pattes d'indexage 88.Each blade of the same section of rack has an identical shape. For the upper section and for the intermediate section, the blades have a generally rectangular sectional shape with a toothed side 78, the shape of the teeth being made to cooperate with the drive pinion of the drive system. The opposite side of the toothed side has a straight edge 80 and projecting hooks, with a first upper hook 82 and a second intermediate hook 84 at mid-height of the blade. The upper side of the blade has a notch 86, which forms with the upper hook, a U-shaped notch, while the lower side of the blade has indexing tabs 88.

Pour la section inférieure de crémaillère, les lames présentent des formes identiques à la forme de lame précédemment décrite, sauf en ce que la partie inférieure n'est pas dentée. Cette section inférieure comporte ainsi une partie non crantée 90, qui forme butée lors du déploiement du module coulissant et empêche, dans une position de butée visible sur la figure 2a, la totalité dudit module coulissant de sortir hors du volume du module de base. Les lames formant cette section inférieure comportent en outre un alésage traversant l'épaisseur de la lame.For the lower rack section, the blades have shapes identical to the blade shape previously described, except that the lower part is not toothed. This lower section thus comprises a non-toothed portion 90, which forms a stop during the deployment of the sliding module and prevents, in a position of abutment visible on the figure 2a , all of said sliding module out of the volume of the basic module. The blades forming this lower section further comprise a bore passing through the thickness of the blade.

Les lames sont réalisées par découpage dans un feuillard de tôle. On obtient ainsi de façon peu coûteuse des pièces standards de forme complexe, sous des profils de découpage identiques, aussi bien pour la réalisation des pattes et encoches que pour la réalisation des dents. Dans l'ensemble fini, après montage dans le profilé du module qui reçoit la crémaillère, les lames de chaque section de crémaillère sont bloquées les unes contre les autres, dans des positions accollées respectives qui font automatiquement se correspondre les pattes et les encoches de montage, ainsi que les dents du côté denture.The blades are made by cutting into a sheet metal strip. Thus, standard parts of complex shape are obtained inexpensively, under identical cutting profiles, as well for producing the tabs and notches as for producing the teeth. In the finished assembly, after mounting in the section of the module that receives the rack, the blades of each rack section are locked against each other, in respective positions that automatically match the tabs and mounting notches , as well as the teeth on the toothing side.

La crémaillère se monte dans la gorge réceptrice de la façon suivante. La section supérieure de crémaillère est glissée dans la gorge. Les crochets supérieur et intermédiaire de cette section sont passés dans les rainures et on plaque la section de crémaillère dans le fond de la gorge de sorte que l'arête droite de la section soit en appui contre la paroi intermédiaire de la gorge. Dans cette position d'appui, seules les dents de la section de crémaillère sont en saillie de la gorge. On remonte alors la section supérieure vers le haut, jusqu'à ce que l'encoche en forme de U vienne en butée contre la paroi intermédiaire, comme cela est visible notamment sur la figure 6. On maintient dans cette position verticale la section supérieure, et on glisse la section intermédiaire dans la gorge en faisant de même que précédemment coopérer les crochets de la crémaillère et les rainures du module profilé. On remonte la section intermédiaire vers le haut, jusqu'à ce que l'encoche en forme de U vienne en butée contre la paroi intermédiaire. Dans cette position, la patte d'indexage située en partie inférieure de la section supérieure de crémaillère est bloquée en position entre la paroi intermédiaire et l'encoche en forme de U de la section intermédiaire. On maintient alors dans cette position verticale la section intermédiaire, la section supérieure étant auto-bloquée avec la section intermédiaire et les parois de la gorge. On glisse enfin la section inférieure et on procède de même que précédemment pour que l'encoche de la section inférieure coopère avec la patte d'indexage de la section intermédiaire. L'empilement vertical des sections de crémaillère est alors verrouillé par la fixation d'une vis 92 traversant la section inférieure de crémaillère ainsi que les parois du profil de sorte que l'ensemble des pièces soient captives dans la gorge.The rack mounts in the receiving groove as follows. The upper rack section is slid into the groove. The upper and middle hooks of this section are passed through the grooves and the rack section is placed in the bottom of the groove so that the straight edge of the section bears against the intermediate wall of the groove. In this support position, only the teeth of the rack section are projecting from the groove. The upper section is then raised upwards until the U-shaped notch comes into abutment against the intermediate wall, as can be seen in particular on the figure 6 . The upper section is maintained in this vertical position, and the intermediate section is slid into the groove, in the same way as previously cooperating the hooks of the rack and the grooves of the profiled module. The intermediate section is raised upwards until the U-shaped notch comes into abutment against the intermediate wall. In this position, the indexing tab located in the lower part of the upper rack section is locked in position between the intermediate wall and the U-shaped notch of the intermediate section. The intermediate section is then maintained in this vertical position, the upper section being self-locking with the intermediate section and the walls of the groove. Lastly, the lower section is slid and the same procedure as before is carried out so that the notch of the lower section co-operates with the indexing tab of the intermediate section. The vertical stacking of the rack sections is then locked by fixing a screw 92 passing through the lower rack section and the walls of the profile so that all parts are captive in the groove.

Du fait du montage auto-bloquant de chaque section de crémaillère avec sa voisine directe et de l'utilisation complémentaire d'une vis pour le maintien en position de la section inférieure, la crémaillère se trouve bloquée dans son ensemble dans les deux directions opposée en translation. Elle est également bloquée dans la troisième direction, transversalement à la direction de translation, entre autres par le maintien des lames qui la constituent dans chaque section entre les parois latérales de la gorge réceptrice, dont la largeur est sensiblement égale à l'épaisseur totale des lames accollées.Due to the self-locking assembly of each rack section with its direct neighbor and the complementary use of a screw for holding the lower section in position, the rack is blocked as a whole in the two opposite directions by translation. It is also locked in the third direction, transversely to the translation direction, inter alia by maintaining the blades which constitute it in each section between the side walls of the receiving groove, whose width is substantially equal to the total thickness of the boards glued together.

Comme cela a été décrit précédemment, la section inférieure de crémaillère forme une zone de butée constituant ainsi une fin de course mécanique. Cette butée permet de limiter le déploiement du mât au-delà de la hauteur définie. Et il est particulièrement avantageux que cette butée soit ici obtenue sans ajout d'une pièce mécanique supplémentaire pour réaliser cette fonction.As previously described, the lower rack section forms an abutment zone thus constituting a mechanical limit switch. This stop limits the deployment of the mast beyond the defined height. And it is particularly advantageous that this stop is here obtained without adding an additional mechanical part to perform this function.

La description qui précède explique clairement comment l'invention permet d'atteindre les objectifs qu'elle s'est fixés. La crémaillère est ici avantageusement réalisée par un empilage de formes standards ce qui présente l'avantage de simplifier la fabrication et de ne pas avoir une crémaillère trop lourde, qui serait compliquée à fabriquer et qui serait particulièrement pénalisante pour les efforts à fournir pour le soulèvement d'une charge. La réalisation multi-couches en lames accollées lui permet en outre de présenter de bonnes caractéristiques de résistance à l'effort et aux contraintes malgré sa légèreté.The foregoing description clearly explains how the invention achieves the goals it has set for itself. The rack is here advantageously made by a stack of standard shapes which has the advantage of simplifying the manufacture and not having too heavy rack, which would be complicated to manufacture and which would be particularly detrimental to the efforts to provide for the uprising a charge. The multi-layer realization of bonded blades also allows it to present good characteristics of resistance to effort and stress despite its lightness.

Il ressort néanmoins de ce qui précède que l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de mise en oeuvre qui ont été spécifiquement décrits et représentés sur les figures. On notera en particulier que la notion de crémaillère doit être comprise au sens large, comme englobant par exemple le cas d'une chaîne dont les maillons permettent l'engrenage avec un pignon, ou celui d'une courroie présentant des trous en guise de dents de crémaillère.Nevertheless, it follows from the foregoing that the invention is not limited to the embodiments that have been specifically described and shown in the figures. It will be noted in particular that the concept of rack must be understood in the broad sense, as including for example the case of a chain whose links allow the gear with a pinion, or that of a belt with holes as a tooth housewarming.

Claims (9)

Dispositif de levage à mât télescopique comportant un module supérieur (12) mobile en coulissement vertical le long d'un module inférieur (11) au moyen d'un dispositif d'entraînement à manivelle par l'intermédiaire d'un mécanisme de transmission de mouvement à engrenages et crémaillère, ainsi qu'un dispositif de blocage anti-retour qui lors de l'entraînement de l'élément mobile en déploiement dans le sens de levage est automatiquement mis en oeuvre par couplage par friction avec un pignon menant dudit mécanisme.Telescopic mast lifting device comprising an upper module (12) movable vertically sliding along a lower module (11) by means of a crank drive device via a motion transmission mechanism gear and rack and a non-return locking device which when driving the movable member deployed in the lifting direction is automatically implemented by frictional coupling with a driving pinion of said mechanism. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la crémaillère (8) est montée par auto-blocage dans une gorge (54) formée verticalement dans un tube profilé constituant le module supérieur (12) et en ce qu'elle présente des crochets (82, 84) de forme adaptée à cet effet pour coopérer avec des rainures (60) formées au fond de ladite gorge (54).Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the rack (8) is mounted by self-locking in a groove (54) formed vertically in a profiled tube constituting the upper module (12) and in that it has hooks ( 82, 84) of suitable shape for this purpose to cooperate with grooves (60) formed at the bottom of said groove (54). Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la crémaillère (8) est formée de sections (70, 72, 74) successives assemblées les unes par rapport aux autres par montage auto-bloquant.Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rack (8) is formed of successive sections (70, 72, 74) assembled relative to each other by self-locking assembly. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la crémaillère (8) est constituée de couches accollées de lames de tôle découpées (76).Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rack (8) consists of layers of bonded sheet metal blades (76). Dispositif suivant la revendication 1 dans lequel la crémaillère est faite de section successives coonformément à la revendication 3 et dans chaque section de couches de lames accollées conformément à la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que chaque section de crémaillère (70, 72, 74) présente dans sa partie supérieure une encoche (86) et dans sa partie inférieure une patte d'indexage (88), pour le montage auto-bloquant de l'ensemble dans une gorge réceptrice (54) formée par le module supérieur dans laquelle l'empilement de lames se trouve emprisonné.Device according to Claim 1, in which the rack is made of successive sections according to Claim 3 and in each section of bonded plywood layers according to Claim 4, characterized in that each rack section (70, 72, 74) has in its upper part a notch (86) and in its lower part an indexing tab (88), for the self-locking assembly of the assembly in a throat receiver (54) formed by the upper module in which the stack of blades is trapped. Dispositif suivant la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un moyen de fixation (92) traversant ladite gorge (54) du module supérieur et la section inférieure (70) de la crémaillère pour assurer le blocage de l'ensemble de la crémaillère dans la gorge.Device according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises a fixing means (92) passing through said groove (54) of the upper module and the lower section (70) of the rack to ensure the locking of the rack assembly in the throat. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que la section inférieure (70) de la crémaillère présente une portion d'extrémité sans dentures (90).Device according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the lower section (70) of the rack has a toothless end portion (90). Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de blocage d'entraînement comporte un disque à came monté libre en rotation sur un arbre porteur dudit pignon menant et des moyens de sollicitation élastique pour presser une face radiale dudit pignon contre ledit disque et mettre ainsi en oeuvre le couplage par friction.Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the drive locking device comprises a cam disc mounted free to rotate on a carrier shaft of said drive gear and elastic biasing means for pressing a radial face of said pinion against said disk and thus implement the friction coupling. Dispositif suivant la revendications 8, caractérisé par un système de frein (64) assurant le couplage par friction avec une roue à rochet (36) en prise sur un cliquet de sécurité (48) monté sur le module inférieur, ladite roue à rochet étant ainsi rendue solidaire de l'arbre primaire du dispositif d'entraînement à manivelle porteur dudit pignon menant lorsque le module supérieur est déplacé dans le sens de son éloignement par rapport au module inférieur, alors qu'elle est rendue libre en rotation lorsque le module supérieur est déplacé dans le sens de son rapprochement du module inférieur.Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized by a brake system (64) for frictionally coupling with a ratchet wheel (36) engaged with a safety pawl (48) mounted on the lower module, said ratchet wheel being thus rendered integral with the primary shaft of the crank drive device carrying said drive gear when the upper module is moved in the direction of its distance from the lower module, while it is made free to rotate when the upper module is moved in the direction of its approximation of the lower module.
EP20100007497 2010-07-20 2010-07-20 Telescopic lifting device driven by a rack and pinion Active EP2409943B1 (en)

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ES10007497.0T ES2469869T3 (en) 2010-07-20 2010-07-20 Telescopic lifting device with rack and pinion drag
EP20100007497 EP2409943B1 (en) 2010-07-20 2010-07-20 Telescopic lifting device driven by a rack and pinion
US13/356,866 US8840087B2 (en) 2010-07-20 2012-01-24 Telescopic rack-and-pinion lifting device

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CN103449328A (en) * 2013-09-04 2013-12-18 清华大学 Manual portable lifting device
CN103449328B (en) * 2013-09-04 2016-04-20 清华大学 A kind of Manual portable lifting apparatus
CN105363970A (en) * 2015-12-28 2016-03-02 汪涛 Antiskid cable cut-off device provided with visible window
CN105382144A (en) * 2015-12-28 2016-03-09 汪涛 Cable cut-off device with visible window
CN105382145A (en) * 2015-12-28 2016-03-09 汪涛 Cable cutting-off device capable of guiding chippings
CN105382142A (en) * 2015-12-28 2016-03-09 汪涛 Cable cut-off device with limiting switch and visible window.
CN105382141A (en) * 2015-12-28 2016-03-09 汪涛 Cable cut-off device provided with wheels and capable of guiding chippings
CN108706492A (en) * 2018-07-04 2018-10-26 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 A kind of jack that grabs ground ability is strong
CN111317423A (en) * 2018-12-14 2020-06-23 佛山市顺德区美的洗涤电器制造有限公司 Lifting device and household appliance
CN110950257A (en) * 2019-11-15 2020-04-03 嘉善广翔电器制造有限公司 Steel wire winding and unwinding device for hoisting mechanical equipment

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EP2409943B1 (en) 2014-03-12
US20120181490A1 (en) 2012-07-19
US8840087B2 (en) 2014-09-23
ES2469869T3 (en) 2014-06-20

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