EP2407646B1 - Method and device for adjusting the position of the rotor assembly of a gas or steam turbine - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The present invention relates to a method for adjusting the rotor position in a gas turbine or steam turbine and a device for adjusting the rotor position in a gas turbine or steam turbine, or a gas turbine / steam turbine with such a device.

STATE OF THE ART

Precise adjustment of the relative position of the rotor, including rotating elements thereon, relative to the stationary elements (housing, etc.) in a gas turbine or steam turbine is critical to optimum trouble-free operation and low maintenance intervals. Inaccurate positioning leads to differences in flow behavior around the circumference, causing turbulence, locally elevated temperatures, etc. Further, inaccurate positioning can lead to eccentric rotor position and a strong strip of blades on the housing, thereby causing damage to the blading.

The positioning and adjustment of the radial position of the rotor hitherto done by shifting the support bearing of the rotor. The displacement in the vertical and horizontal directions is achieved by interchanging or exchanging inserts of such a bearing. The positioning accuracy of this method is in the range of 0.05 mm.

One of the problems with this approach is that the support bearings integrated in the compressor inlet housing and the exhaust housing are not easily accessible from the outside. For a correction of the support bearing, the gas turbine or steam turbine in a very time-consuming procedures are at least partially opened. Experience has shown that 6 layers 12 hours are needed for such a correction of the compressor bearing.

After the displacement of the journal bearing in the compressor inlet housing also all oil scrapers and the coupling alignment must be corrected afterwards. The time required for this is typically about 6 shifts.

The total time required for a correction is accordingly in the range of approximately 12 layers, which amounts to an enormous interruption of operation with corresponding costs.

From the DE 26 19 929 A1 is a device for mutual position determination of two gas turbine engine components known. The D1 describes for this purpose two annular "localization members" which are adjustable in the radial plane between housing parts to the housing and with which engine housing parts are aligned relative to each other.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, the present invention relates to an improved method for adjusting the position of a rotor of a gas turbine or a steam turbine relative to the housing surrounding this rotor in the flow region. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a gas turbine or a steam turbine, which has appropriate devices to perform such a method.

The method according to the invention is characterized in particular in that the relative position of the rotor is adjusted to the first housing surrounding the rotor in the flow region, by loosening the screw connection with which the first housing is fastened to the elements supporting the rotor in a first step. Typically, the latter is a second housing in the storage area de rotor, which second housing has a fixed relative position with respect to the rotor end and is bolted to the first housing.

After opening the screw the relative position of this second housing is now set to the first housing. This setting is made via first wedge elements, these first wedge elements, the position of the first housing in Set the vertical direction relative to the second housing, and leave the position in the horizontal direction displaceable.

Subsequently, if necessary, after an additional determination of the position in the horizontal direction, the screw fastened again and thus the first fixed to the second housing.

Flow range of the hot gases or the compression air, respectively the steam is not adjusted by the bearing of the rotor is aligned, but it is simply just the housing portion, which actually surrounds the rotor in the flow area, relative to the rotor in the correct position. Typically, it is sufficient only to bring housing portions surrounding the bladed portion of the rotor into position relative to the rotor. Thus, all adjustment measures, which are required in the method according to the prior art, unnecessary because the rotor is moved to a different position. In addition, the attachment of the first housing on the second housing is much more accessible and accordingly, such measures can be realized with much less time.

The correction of the radial rotor position is thus typically carried out by a displacement on the radial flange of the second housing. Positioning is ensured by adjustable wedges or surrounding shims. This results in a reduction of the required time to about 3 layers. In addition, a higher accuracy of the setting is possible.

Typically, a gas turbine in the first housing to the compressor housing and the second housing to the compressor inlet housing.

According to a first preferred embodiment, in order to adjust the position in the vertical direction after opening the screw connection, the first housing is positioned using hydraulics and shims which are provided on the upper side and lower side of the first wedge elements are interchanged. Since such shims can be made very thin, and are also located at very accessible locations of the machine, a very precise orientation is possible.

The abovementioned wedge elements are typically arranged laterally on both sides of the housing, that is, with respect to the direction of rotation of the turbine, approximately at the positions 3 and 9 o'clock. By means of the corresponding arrangement of the shims, the vertical position, in other words the height of the first housing (relative to the rotor), is adjusted by these wedge elements. The lateral position, that is the positioning in a horizontal displacement direction, is normally not determined by these wedge elements, the housing is displaceable on the wedges in this direction. For fixing in the horizontal displacement direction, according to a further preferred embodiment either top or bottom (or Both) be arranged another analog wedge element, which in turn determines the lateral position but not the horizontal.

Accordingly, a method according to a preferred embodiment is characterized in that at least one second wedge element is arranged, this second wedge element fixing the position of the first housing in the horizontal direction relative to the second housing (typically again via the replacement of shims), and the position in horizontal direction (ie up and down) can be displaced. Preferably also here for adjusting the position in the horizontal direction after the opening of the screw, the first housing is positioned using a hydraulic and Beilagebleche, which are provided on the lateral sides of the second wedge member, interchanged or replaced. The positioning can be done first in the vertical direction and then in horizontal, or vice versa.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a turbine, in particular gas turbine or steam turbine, which enables the implementation of the method described above. Specifically, such a turbine has a rotor disposed in a first housing, which is mounted in the region of a second housing (or bearing block), wherein the first housing is attached to the second housing. Such a turbine according to the invention is characterized in that in the mounting region of the housing first wedge elements are provided which define the position of the first housing in the vertical direction relative to the second housing, and leave the position displaceable in the horizontal direction, as long as the screw of the two housings in dissolved State is.

The first housing in such turbines typically has a radially outwardly directed first flange (or flange portion), and the second housing via a radially outwardly directed second, so to speak opposite flange. In this case, the first housing is attached to the second housing via these flanges. Normally, the rotor is supported on both sides and there are two such second housings. On the second opposite side but can also be another other housing (eg turbine housing), then the setting on such wedges can also be done at this interface. According to the invention preferably have the first flange and the second flange via axially aligned recesses, usually with respect to the rotational direction of the rotor at the positions 9 o'clock and 3 o'clock, and the Wedge elements are arranged bridging in these recesses and these in the axial direction.

The first wedge elements are preferably in the form of blocks or rods with a rectangular or square cross section with a first region and a second region.

Now, either the first area is fixed in the recess of the first flange, and the second area, which has horizontally extending tops and bottoms, protrudes into the recess of the second flange and is arranged with vertical play in the recess of the second flange. This game is bridged by horizontal shims.

Or, to some extent, in the reverse situation, the first area is fixed in the recess of the second flange, and the second area has horizontally extending tops and bottoms, and projects into the recess of the first vertical play flange, this play bridging over horizontal shims becomes.

Again, preferably at least a second wedge element can be provided, which determines the position of the first housing in the horizontal direction relative to the second housing, and the position in the vertical direction can be displaced as long as the screw connection of the two housings in the released state. This second wedge element is preferably arranged with respect to the rotational direction of the rotor at the positions 12 o'clock and / or 6 o'clock.

The second region of the first wedge elements can have at least one horizontal, radially with respect to the turbine axis extending threaded bore, so that the relative position of the first housing to the second housing can be adjusted via a screwed in this threaded adjustment screw. For example, when adjusting in the vertical direction using the wedge members and shims, adjustment is made horizontally by this set screw.

The first wedge element and / or the second wedge element typically has a length in the axial direction, which lies at least in the region of the total thickness of the two flanges, that is, bridges them and, if appropriate, even protrudes somewhat beyond them in the axial direction on one or both sides.

The first flange or the second flange can, typically in the area of first wedge elements, each have a locking screw, which holds the first housing with dissolved flange in position. This locking screw is preferably received in one of the two flanges in a threaded bore and arranged in the other flange in a recess with a substantially larger diameter than the diameter of the locking screw with opening-side extension. In this case, in the recess and the extension, a shoulder sleeve (with circumferential flange) which passes centrally through the securing screw is preferably arranged with radial clearance.

Typically, the shims (which may have different thicknesses to one another) have a thickness in the range of 0.025-0.5 mm, preferably in the range of 0.05-0.1 5 mm.

Preferably, the radial flange (compressor housing, compressor inlet housing) is in summary equipped with 3 adjustable wedges. 2 wedges (the first wedge elements mentioned above), installed on the left and right below the dividing plane, ensure the vertical orientation of the radial flange. Another wedge (the above-mentioned second wedge element) installed on the base ensures lateral, horizontal positioning.

Two additional shoulder sleeves with a locking screw prevent opening of the flange connection when loosening the flange screw connection.

1. a. Lösen der Flanschverschraubung. Die Schrauben müssen nicht entfernt werden.
2. b. Anheben des Verdichtergehäuses mit hydraulischem Werkzeug bis die seitlichen Führungskeile entlastet sind.
3. c. Demontage der Führungskeile.
4. d. Korrektur der Führungskeile (korrektes Einlegen der Beilagebleche).
5. e. Montage der Führungskeile
6. f. Herunterlassen des Verdichtergehäuses.
7. g. Anziehen der Flanschverschraubung.
8. h. Positionskontrolle der radialen Rotorlage.

Correction typically requires the following steps:

1. a. Loosen the flange screw connection. The screws do not need to be removed.
2. b. Lift the compressor housing with a hydraulic tool until the lateral guide wedges are relieved.
3. c. Disassembly of the guide wedges.
4. d. Correction of guide wedges (correct insertion of shims).
5. e. Assembly of the guide wedges
6. f. Lower the compressor housing.
7. G. Tightening the flange screw connection.
8. H. Position control of the radial rotor position.

For a shift in the horizontal, the 6 o'clock wedge is corrected.

Tapped holes in the side splines can allow lateral displacement with jacking screws or hydraulic tools.

The gas turbine does not have to be opened.

Further embodiments are given in the dependent claims. All embodiments are for gas turbines with a compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine as well as gas turbines with multiple compressors and / or multiple combustion chambers and / or multiple turbines, such as those from the EP0620363 B1 or the EP0718470 A2 known are applicable.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1

in a) einen axialen Schnitt durch den Verdichtereinlaufbereich einer Gasturbine, in b) eine perspektivische Ansicht auf eine Lagerungsvorrichtung für einen Rotor nach dem Stand der Technik;

Fig. 2

in a) einen axialen Schnitt durch den Verdichtereinlaufbereich einer Gasturbine mit einer Flanschverschraubung nach der Erfindung; in b) einen Ausschnitt einer seitlichen Sicht auf die Flanschverschraubung mit einem Keil; in c) eine perspektivische Ansicht auf den Bereich der Flanschverschraubung mit Keil, wobei der Keil gewissermassen in Explosionsdarstellung, d.h. ausserhalb der Ausnehmungen in den Flanschen angegeben ist; in d) einen Schnitt durch eine Sicherungsschraube der Flanschverschraubung.

Preferred embodiments of the invention will be described below with reference to the drawings, which are given by way of illustration only and are not to be interpreted as limiting. In the drawings show:

Fig. 1

in a) an axial section through the compressor inlet region of a gas turbine, in b) a perspective view of a bearing device for a rotor according to the prior art;

Fig. 2

in a) an axial section through the compressor inlet region of a gas turbine with a Flanschverschraubung according to the invention; in b) a section of a lateral view of the flange with a wedge; in c) a perspective view of the region of the flange screw with wedge, the wedge is in some sense in an exploded view, that is indicated outside the recesses in the flanges; in d) a section through a locking screw of the Flanschverschraubung.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1a shows a schematic section through the intake of the compressor of a gas turbine. The gas turbine 1 has a compressor 2. The compressor has a compressor housing 12, in which the rotor 37 rotates. The rotor 37 has a rotor end 4 which is mounted on a bearing block 5, which is typically formed together with the compressor inlet housing 3. The compressor inlet housing 3 encloses the intake of the compressor.

The rotor end 4 is received in this compressor inlet housing 3 in a storage device 6, which in detail in FIG. 1b is shown. This storage device 6 is arranged in a cavity 10 of this compressor inlet housing 3 and thus difficult to access.

For optimum operation of the compressor, it is important that the radial rotor position, indicated schematically by an arrow and identified by reference numeral 14, be critical. This radial rotor position in the flow region, for example, during assembly or after opening the gas turbine for Maintenance or repairs are set. By adjusting the rotor position and the blade clearance 38 is adjusted.

According to the usual method, this is done so that the bearing 6, which is specially designed for such a setting is exposed, the rotor resp. the rotor end is relieved and for the height adjustment inserts 8 are folded resp. for side adjustment the inserts 9.

This method is not only expensive because the generally poorly accessible cavity 10 must be exposed, but is also cumbersome, because these settings are only possible when the rotor is raised. In addition, such a setting requires readjustment of the entire shaft train. This includes the setting of a coupled generator shaft. In the case of a so-called single-shaft system, this includes the setting of the gas turbine rotor, the generator shaft and also the setting of a coupled steam turbine shaft.

In FIG. 2 is now shown how such a positioning of the rotor can be significantly simplified. In particular, it is true that actually only the relative position of the rotor 37 to the housing 12 in the flow area must be set. Accordingly, it is much easier to adjust this relative position, namely, by only the relative position of the housing 12 to that housing portion 3, in which the bearing of the rotor is provided is set.

When in FIG. 2 For this purpose, the compressor inlet housing 3 for this purpose has a radially outwardly extending flange 11. On the other side, the compressor housing 12 also has a radially outwardly extending and with said flange 11 in abutting flange 13. These two flanges be, as in particular in the perspective view according to Figure 2c can be well recognized by screws, which are arranged in aligned holes in the two flanges with play attached.

In particular, with such a relative attachment of the two housings 3 and 12, it is now possible to provide wedge elements 21. In a lateral view, such a wedge element is shown in its arrangement in said flanges ( Fig. 2b ). The flange 11 of the compressor inlet housing 3 has an axial recess 19, and directly opposite the flange 13 of the compressor housing 12 also has an axial recess 20. The recesses 19 and 20 are substantially aligned. In this recess, a wedge element 21 is now arranged by having a first Region 22 is firmly fixed in the recess 19, for example with the aid of two screws 27. A second region 23 of this wedge element 21 now extends into the recess 20 in the flange 13 of the compressor housing. This second area 23 has horizontally extending upper sides 25 respectively. Bottoms 26. However, these are sufficiently spaced from the boundaries of the recess 20 so that in the vertical direction 17 of this area 23 a game remains.

This game is now bridged by shims 24, which may be located on the bottom, on the top, or on both sides.

In such a wedge element, which is arranged on the three-o'clock position or the nine o'clock position of the flange, resp. slightly below, it is now possible, if the housing 12 is slightly raised, for example with the aid of a hydraulic to remove shims 24, the position of the housing 12 and thus the flange 13 to align so that the relative position 14 is optimally adjusted again, and then reinsert the shims so that the area 23 is trapped in the recess area 20 of the flange 13 in a substantially positive fit.

Once caught, however, the housing 12 remains displaceable in a horizontal direction 18, and is accordingly fixed in its vertical position but can now be adjusted in a horizontal step in a second step.

For this purpose, now another analogously designed wedge at the twelve o'clock position and / or the six o'clock position is arranged, also there the side shims are removed, the setting in the horizontal direction 18 set, the shims now inserted again substantially form-fitting and now, after both the horizontal as well as the vertical position are correctly fixed, the flange screw tightened again.

In order to ensure that the housing 12 can not move too far from the desired position when the flange screw 29 is loosened, it is possible to use a locking screw 31 as shown in a sectional view in FIG Figure 2d is shown to provide. The locking screw 31 is screwed into a threaded bore 33 in the flange 13. On the other side, a large recess 32 is provided in the flange 11, in which a shoulder sleeve 34 is arranged with circumferential flange 35. The circumferential flange is in turn caught with play in an extension 36 of the recess 32. Such a locking screw is carried out according to the adjustment of the relative position of the housing 12 with a sleeve which has a radial Tolerance to the locking screw has, so that the relative position of the housing 12 to the housing 3 can be adjusted for example by the hydraulic system used. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS 1 gas turbine 21 key member 2 compressor 22 in 11 fortified area of 3 Compressor inlet housing 21 4 rotor end 23 in 20 protruding area 5 bearing block from 21 6 Warehouse of 4 24 shim 7 Receiving opening in 6 for 4 25 horizontal top of 23 8th Side dishes for 26 horizontal bottom of 23 Height adjustment of 6 27 fixing screw 9 Side dishes 28 threaded hole Adjustment of 6 29 Screws from 10 Cavity in 5 for 6 Flange profile 11 Flange of 3 30 Tapped holes in 11 at 12 compressor housing 19 13 Flange of 12 31 Locking screw the 14 radial rotor position flange bolting measured rotor relative to 32 Recess for 31 in 11 Housing, vertical 33 Internal threaded hole in 13 15 vertical adjustment of the for 31 Rotor position over 6 34 shoulder sleeve 16 vertical adjustment of the 35 Flange of 34 Rotor position over 36 extended range of 32 flange 37 rotor 17 vertical direction 38 blade clearance 18 horizontal direction 19 Recess in 11 20 Recess in 13

Claims (11)

1. Method for adjusting the position of a rotor (37) of a gas turbine (1) or a steam turbine, wherein the relative position of the rotor (37) to a first housing (12) surrounding the rotor (37) in the flow region is adjusted in that, in a second housing (3) in the mounting region of the rotor (37), which second housing (3) has a fixed position relative to the rotor end (4) and which is screwed to the first housing (12), after releasing the screwing, the relative position of this second housing (3) to the first housing (12) is adjusted and the screwing resecured, characterised in that the relative position of this second housing (3) to the first housing (3) is adjusted via first wedge elements (21), wherein these first wedge elements (21) establish the position of the first housing (12) in the vertical direction (17) relative to the second housing (3), and leave the position movable in the horizontal direction (18), and the screwing is resecured.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that to adjust the position in the vertical direction (17), after releasing the screwing, the first housing (12) is positioned using hydraulics and then shim plates (24), which are provided on the top side (25) or bottom side (26) respectively of the first wedge elements (21), are exchanged.
3. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one second wedge element is arranged, wherein this second wedge element establishes the position of the first housing (12) in the horizontal direction (18) relative to the second housing (3) and leaves the position movable in the horizontal direction, and that preferably, to adjust the position in the horizontal direction (18), after releasing the screwing, the first housing (12) is positioned using hydraulics and shim plates (24), which are provided on the sides of the second wedge element, are exchanged.
4. Turbine, in particular gas turbine or steam turbine, with a rotor (37) arranged in a first housing (12) and having a rotor end (4) which is mounted in the region of the second housing (3), wherein the first housing (12) has a first flange (13) oriented radially outwardly, the second housing (3) has a second flange (11) oriented radially outwardly, and the first housing (12) is attached to the second housing (3) via these flanges (11, 13), characterised in that the first flange (13) and the second flange (11) have recesses (19, 20) aligned axially relative to the rotation direction of the rotor, and in the fixing region of the housing (3, 12), first wedge elements (21) are provided which are arranged in these recesses (19, 20) and bridge these in the axial direction, and which establish the position of the first housing (12) in the vertical direction (17) relative to the second housing (3) and leave the position movable in the horizontal direction (18) as long as the screwing of the two housings (3, 12) is in the released state.
5. Turbine according to claim 4, characterised in that the recesses (19, 20) aligned axially relative to the rotation direction of the rotor are arranged at the 9 o'clock and 3 o'clock positions.
6. Turbine according to claim 5, characterised in that the first wedge elements (21) are formed as blocks with a first region (22) and a second region (23), and
   that the first region (22) is fixed in the recess (19) of the first flange (13), and the second region has a horizontally running top side (25) and bottom side (26), protrudes into the recess (20) of the second flange (11) and is arranged with vertical play in the recess (20) of the second flange (11), wherein this play is bridged by horizontal shim plates (24), or
   that the first region (22) is fixed in the recess (20) of the second flange (11), and the second region (23) has a horizontally running top side (25) and bottom side (26), protrudes into the recess (19) of the first flange (13) and is arranged with vertical play in the recess (19) of the second flange (13), wherein this play is bridged by horizontal shim plates (24).
7. Turbine according to any of claims 4 to 6, characterised in that at least one second wedge element (21) is provided which establishes the position of the first housing (12) in the horizontal direction (18) relative to the second housing (3) and leaves the position movable in the vertical direction (17) as long as the screwing of the two housings (3, 12) is in the released state, wherein the second wedge element (21) is preferably arranged at the 12 o'clock or 6 o'clock position relative to the rotation direction of the rotor.
8. Turbine according to any of the preceding claims 4 to 7, characterised in that the second region of the first wedge elements (21) has at least one horizontal threaded bore (28) running radially relative to the turbine axis, and that the relative position of the first housing (12) to the second housing (3) is adjusted via an adjustment screw screwed into this threaded bore (28).
9. Turbine according to any of the preceding claims 4 to 8, characterised in that the first wedge element (21) and/or the second wedge element has a length in the axial direction which lies at least in the region of the total thickness of the two flanges (11, 13).
10. Turbine according to any of the preceding claims 4 to 9, characterised in that the first flange (11) or the second flange (13) each have, in the region of the first wedge elements (21), a lock screw (31) which holds the first housing (12) in position when the flange screwing is released, wherein preferably this lock screw (31) in one flange is received in a threaded bore (33) and in the other flange is arranged in a recess (32) with widening (36) on the opening side, wherein a shoulder sleeve (34) protruding centrally from the locking screw (31) is arranged with play in the recess (32) and in the widening (36).
11. Turbine according to any of the preceding claims 4 to 10, characterised in that the shim plates (24) have a thickness in the range from 0.025 to 0.5 mm, preferably in the range from 0.05 to 0.15 mm.

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