EP2405786B1 - Pull-out guide - Google Patents

Pull-out guide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2405786B1
EP2405786B1 EP10707518.6A EP10707518A EP2405786B1 EP 2405786 B1 EP2405786 B1 EP 2405786B1 EP 10707518 A EP10707518 A EP 10707518A EP 2405786 B1 EP2405786 B1 EP 2405786B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pull
sliding body
rail
sliding
out guide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10707518.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2405786A2 (en
Inventor
Daniel Rehage
Daniel Reidt
Sven Budde
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Paul Hettich GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Paul Hettich GmbH and Co KG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Paul Hettich GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Paul Hettich GmbH and Co KG
Priority to PL10707518T priority Critical patent/PL2405786T3/en
Publication of EP2405786A2 publication Critical patent/EP2405786A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2405786B1 publication Critical patent/EP2405786B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47BTABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B88/00Drawers for tables, cabinets or like furniture; Guides for drawers
    • A47B88/40Sliding drawers; Slides or guides therefor
    • A47B88/483Sliding drawers; Slides or guides therefor with single extensible guides or parts
    • A47B88/487Sliding drawers; Slides or guides therefor with single extensible guides or parts with rollers, ball bearings, wheels, or the like
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47BTABLES; DESKS; OFFICE FURNITURE; CABINETS; DRAWERS; GENERAL DETAILS OF FURNITURE
    • A47B88/00Drawers for tables, cabinets or like furniture; Guides for drawers
    • A47B88/40Sliding drawers; Slides or guides therefor
    • A47B88/49Sliding drawers; Slides or guides therefor with double extensible guides or parts
    • A47B88/493Sliding drawers; Slides or guides therefor with double extensible guides or parts with rollers, ball bearings, wheels, or the like

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pullout guide, in particular for furniture, with a guide rail which can be fixed to a furniture carcass and a running rail movably mounted on rolling elements on the guide rail, the rolling bodies being held on a rolling element cage.
  • a drawer guide is eg off DE 20 2005014127 U1 known.
  • pullout guides are known in which one or more rails are mounted on a guide rail movable over rolling elements.
  • the rails have inaccuracies in the profile geometry, so that in a method of running rail no smooth smooth sliding movement is achieved.
  • At least one sliding body is arranged in an inner space between the running rail and the guide rail and is displaceably mounted on the guide rail.
  • the slider can reduce a lowering of the running rail and / or a twist by the slider assumes a certain leadership function.
  • the user has to accept a slightly higher displacement force due to the arrangement of the sliding body between the running rail and the guide rail, he receives a more uniform pull-out movement, which is perceived as having a higher quality.
  • the slider has a cylindrical shape whose longitudinal axis is aligned parallel to the sliding direction.
  • the sliding body not only rest linearly on the guide rail or the running rail, but are displaced along a curved surface in the longitudinal direction.
  • This improves the guiding properties of the slider, which can optionally be designed as a solid body, hollow body, articulated hollow body or spring.
  • the slider is preferably arranged substantially positively, non-positively or with little play between the running rail and the guide rail, so that the friction forces are not too high by the slider, but a certain support function of the slider is guaranteed.
  • the slider in the form of a prestressed coil spring also compensates for manufacturing tolerances.
  • the slider is designed as a magnet.
  • the determination of the slider can be done in a simple manner to the running rail or the guide rail or the Wälz stresses.
  • the slider can be releasably fixed to a projection of the running rail or the guide rail by magnetic forces, resulting in a corresponding locking.
  • the magnetic forces may be aligned so that the guide rail and the track rail are held together in a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction.
  • Magnetic fields can be formed axially or radially.
  • a formation of eddy currents in the sense of an eddy current brake is conceivable in order to achieve a "damping" effect.
  • eddy currents can reduce or even prevent a hard impact of the profiles in the end positions.
  • the sliding body is fixed to the end face of the Wälzötul.
  • the rolling element cage can be extended by the sliding body, so that better guidance of the running rail on the guide rail is ensured.
  • the sliding body has a coating with low coefficients of friction.
  • the sliding body may in particular comprise a Teflon coating, a solid lubricant, in particular with carbon, boron nitride or other suitable materials.
  • At least one sliding body can be arranged on both sides of the rolling element cage.
  • both the front and the rear slider can have appropriate leadership function.
  • a plurality of raceways may be formed with rolling elements between the guide rail and the running rail, wherein at least one sliding body is arranged on each track. In most cases, a plurality of raceways are provided in a plane perpendicular to the sliding direction, so that a plurality of sliding bodies can assume corresponding guiding functions.
  • the slider can be cylindrical.
  • the sliding body can have grooves in its longitudinal extension. Through these grooves lubricant can slip past the slider.
  • sliding bodies in the various raceways may be interconnected to allow parallel sliding of the sliding bodies.
  • the slider on a front side on a damper, so that loud impact noises can be avoided.
  • the damper can be made of an elastic material, in particular rubber, foam.
  • the sliding body in a further embodiment, it is possible to form the sliding body as a helical spring, so that both a guide function and a damping function can be performed upon reaching a stop. Furthermore, can be achieved with a coil spring as a sliding latch in the end positions.
  • the taper of the coil spring may temporarily set for locking between a stop of the pullout guide and the Wälz stresseshanfig and / or between a stop and the running or guide rail of a pullout guide.
  • a pullout guide 1 comprises a guide rail 2 which can be fixed in particular to a furniture carcass.
  • a running rail 3 is mounted movably via rolling elements 4. It is also possible to form the pullout guide 1 as a full extension or over extension, so that at least one movably mounted middle rail is arranged between the guide rail 2 and the running rail 3.
  • a plurality of longitudinally extending raceways 6 are formed for the rolling elements 4, which roll opposite to a plurality of raceways 7 on the running rail 3.
  • three rolling elements 4 are respectively provided, whereby only two or more rolling elements between the running rail 3 and guide rail 2 can be arranged.
  • a plurality of rolling elements 4 are arranged one behind the other and held on a WälzMechlafig 5.
  • a sliding body 8 is provided which is cylindrical in shape made of solid material, in particular made of metal or plastic and in the interior of the running rail 3 between the guide rail 2 and running rail 3 is arranged.
  • the slider 8 has slight play, so that the frictional forces are kept low during a movement of the running rail 3.
  • the sliding body 8 assumes a guiding function when, due to unevenness of the raceway 6 or 7 or other tolerance-related deviations, the running rail 3 and at the same time the guide rail 2 rest against the sliding body 8.
  • the slider 8 has certain damping properties, so that the movement of the running rail 3 is uniform.
  • the sliding body 8 is made of a magnetic material, in particular of AlNiCo or of another ferromagnetic material, which has a remanence of at least 500 mT, in particular more than 800 mT.
  • the maximum operating temperature for AlNiCo is approx. 450 ° C, so that it is easily possible to use it in ovens.
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B a slightly modified embodiment of a pullout guide is shown, in which a running rail 3 on a guide rail 2 via Rolling element 4 is movably mounted.
  • the slider 8 is spaced from the WälzSystemkarfig 5 and can be fixed to the running rail 3.
  • the sliding body 8 In an end position of the running rail 3, the sliding body 8 can then rest against the rolling body 5, possibly also by utilizing magnetic holding forces.
  • the pullout guide is shown schematically at different loads.
  • Fig. 4A the running rail 3 is shown in an extended position, in which the running rail 3 is arranged at an angle ⁇ to the horizontal or to the guide rail 2 inclined.
  • the length of the guide elements is increased, since in addition to the rolling elements 4 and the slider 8 contributes to the leadership. As a result, the reduction is reduced by the angle ⁇ .
  • the slider 8 is in Fig. 4A shown only on one side of the rolling elements 4, wherein of course on opposite sides a corresponding slider 8 may be arranged.
  • the slider 8 forms a magnetic field that running rail 3 and guide rail 2 "connects" with each other.
  • Fig. 4B the running rail 3 is shown in a regularly aligned position, in which all rolling elements 4 are arranged in the corresponding raceways.
  • Fig. 4C a distortion of the running rail 3 is shown, which may occur due to a torque, so that the running rail 3 is inclined by the angle ⁇ to the horizontal plane. Then the Wälzköper 4 are charged differently, since the distortion of the running rail 3, the contact points of the rolling elements 4 shifts. Even with such a torsional load, the sliding body 8 helps to improve the guidance of the running rail 3 on the guide rail 2.
  • only one slider 8 is disposed on one side of the rolling element cage 5 in the pullout guide 1. It is of course also possible to provide on each track 6 and 7, a sliding body 8, so in the illustrated embodiment 3 sliding body 8. In addition, 5 sliding body 8 can be provided on opposite sides of the WälzMechkafigs so that six sliding body 8 between the running rail 3 and guide rail 2 are arranged.
  • the slider 8 is formed of a magnetic material as a solid body.
  • the magnetic forces can keep the guide rail 2 and the running rail 3 in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction together. It is also possible to provide the sliding body 8 with a friction-reducing coating, so that the pullout guide 1 remains smooth.
  • the Indian FIG. 5 shown sliding body 8 ' has a plurality of longitudinally extending grooves 9 to allow a passage of lubricant. This prevents that the lubricant in the operation of the pullout guide 1 before the slider 8 'collects and there is a lack of lubrication in each underlying area of the track 6.
  • the sliding body 8 "shown has a groove 9 in order to allow lubricant to pass through, thereby preventing the lubricant from collecting in front of the sliding body 8 'when the pull-out guide 1 is actuated and resulting in insufficient lubrication in the respectively underlying area of the raceway 6 is coming.
  • the Indian FIG. 7 illustrated sliding body 8 ''' has connecting webs 10 in order to enable a uniform method of the slider 8''' in all raceways 6. This prevents that elements of the slider 8 '''at different positions of the pullout guide 1 are in their operation.
  • FIGS. 8 to 15 show a further embodiment of a slider according to the invention 8 '''' in the form of a helical spring.
  • the sliding body 8 "" has a conical region 11 and a cylindrical region 12.
  • the cylindrical portion 12 has approximately the diameter formed by the raceways 6 and 7, while the tapered portion 11 tapers.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 show the slider 8 "" in a middle position of a pullout guide 1 '. In this area, the slider 8 '''' only a small force in the direction of the raceways 6 and 7 cause.
  • FIGS. 10 to 15 show the pullout guide 1 'in its maximum extension position.
  • the conical portion of the slider 8 '''' is located between a stop 13 and the track 7 of the running rail 3.
  • the slider 8 '''' causes a releasable locking of the pullout guide 1 'in the open position.
  • food supports can now be safely placed on a pair of such pull-out guides 1 'by the user.
  • the latch can be solved again and the pullout guide 1 'can be pushed back into the oven of a household appliance, for example.
  • the sliding body 8, 8 ' may also be designed as a helical spring, be formed from a hollow body or as a flexible hollow body.

Landscapes

  • Bearings For Parts Moving Linearly (AREA)
  • Drawers Of Furniture (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Auszugsführung, insbesondere für Möbel, mit einer an einem Möbelkorpus festlegbaren Führungsschiene und einer über Wälzkörper an der Führungsschiene verfahrbar gelagerten Laufschiene, wobei die Wälzkörper an einem Wälzkörperkäfig gehalten sind. Eine derartige Auszugsführung ist z.B. aus DE 20 2005014127 U1 bekannt.The present invention relates to a pullout guide, in particular for furniture, with a guide rail which can be fixed to a furniture carcass and a running rail movably mounted on rolling elements on the guide rail, the rolling bodies being held on a rolling element cage. Such a drawer guide is eg off DE 20 2005014127 U1 known.

Es sind Auszugsführungen bekannt, bei denen an einer Führungsschiene eine oder mehrere Laufschienen über Wälzkörper verfahrbar gelagert sind. Bei solchen Auszugsführungen besteht das Problem, dass aufgrund herstellungsbedingter Toleranzen die Schienen Ungenauigkeiten in der Profilgeometrie aufweisen, so dass bei einem Verfahren der Laufschiene keine glatte gleichmäßige Schiebebewegung erreicht wird. Zudem besteht das Problem, dass bei einer Belastung der Laufschiene diese aufgrund der Toleranzen sich nach unten neigen kann oder auch eine Verwindung der Laufschiene relativ zur Führungsschiene auftreten kann.There are pullout guides are known in which one or more rails are mounted on a guide rail movable over rolling elements. In such drawer guides there is the problem that due to manufacturing tolerances, the rails have inaccuracies in the profile geometry, so that in a method of running rail no smooth smooth sliding movement is achieved. In addition, there is the problem that under a load on the track this can tend downwards due to the tolerances or even a distortion of the track rail can occur relative to the guide rail.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Auszugsführung zu schaffen, die eine gleichmäßigere Schiebebewegung einer Laufschiene gewährleistet.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a drawer guide, which ensures a more uniform sliding movement of a running rail.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit einer Auszugsführung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 gelöst.This object is achieved with a pullout guide with the features of claim 1.

Erfindungsgemäß ist in einem Innenraum zwischen Laufschiene und Führungsschiene mindestens ein Gleitkörper angeordnet, der an der Führungsschiene verschiebbar gelagert ist. Dadurch kann der Gleitkörper eine Absenkung der Laufschiene und/oder eine Verwindung vermindern, indem der Gleitkörper eine gewisse Führungsfunktion übernimmt. Der Benutzer muss zwar zum Verschieben aufgrund der Anordnung des Gleitkörpers zwischen Laufschiene und Führungsschiene etwas höhere Verschiebekräfte in Kauf nehmen, erhält dafür allerdings eine gleichmäßigere Auszugsbewegung, die als qualitativ hochwertiger empfunden wird.According to the invention, at least one sliding body is arranged in an inner space between the running rail and the guide rail and is displaceably mounted on the guide rail. As a result, the slider can reduce a lowering of the running rail and / or a twist by the slider assumes a certain leadership function. Although the user has to accept a slightly higher displacement force due to the arrangement of the sliding body between the running rail and the guide rail, he receives a more uniform pull-out movement, which is perceived as having a higher quality.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung besitzt der Gleitkörper eine zylindrische Form, deren Längsachse parallel zur Schieberichtung ausgerichtet ist. Dadurch kann der Gleitkörper nicht nur linienförmig an der Führungsschiene bzw. der Laufschiene anliegen, sondern entlang einer gekrümmten Fläche in Längsrichtung verschoben werden. Dies verbessert die Führungseigenschaften des Gleitkörpers, der wahlweise als Vollkörper, Hohlkörper, gegliederter Hohlkörper oder Feder ausgebildet sein kann. Der Gleitkörper ist vorzugsweise im wesentlichen formschlüssig, kraftschlüssig oder mit geringem Spiel zwischen der Laufschiene und der Führungsschiene angeordnet, so dass die Reibkräfte durch den Gleitkörper nicht zu hoch werden, allerdings eine gewisse Stützfunktion des Gleitkörpers gewährleistet ist. Der Gleitkörper in Form einer vorgespannten Schraubenfeder gleicht ebenfalls herstellungsbedingte Toleranzen aus.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the slider has a cylindrical shape whose longitudinal axis is aligned parallel to the sliding direction. As a result, the sliding body not only rest linearly on the guide rail or the running rail, but are displaced along a curved surface in the longitudinal direction. This improves the guiding properties of the slider, which can optionally be designed as a solid body, hollow body, articulated hollow body or spring. The slider is preferably arranged substantially positively, non-positively or with little play between the running rail and the guide rail, so that the friction forces are not too high by the slider, but a certain support function of the slider is guaranteed. The slider in the form of a prestressed coil spring also compensates for manufacturing tolerances.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist der Gleitkörper als Magnet ausgebildet. Dadurch kann die Festlegung des Gleitkörpers auf einfache Weise an der Laufschiene oder der Führungsschiene oder dem Wälzkörperkäfigs erfolgen. Zudem ist es möglich, dass bei Ausbildung des Gleitkörpers als Magnet eine Verrastung der Laufschiene an der Führungsschiene in einer vorbestimmten Position erfolgt. Insbesondere kann der Gleitkörper an einem Vorsprung der Laufschiene oder der Führungsschiene durch Magnetkräfte lösbar fixiert sein, was zu einer entsprechenden Verrastung führt. Zudem können die Magnetkräfte so ausgerichtet sein, dass die Führungsschiene und die Laufschiene in eine Richtung senkrecht zur Schieberichtung aneinander gehalten werden. Magnetfelder können axial oder radial ausgebildet werden. Des weiteren ist eine Ausbildung von Wirbelströmen im Sinne einer Wirbelstrombremse denkbar um einen "dämpfenden" Effekt zu erzielen. Des weiteren kann durch Wirbelströme ein hartes Anschlagen der Profile in den Endpositionen vermindert oder sogar unterbunden werden.In a further embodiment of the invention, the slider is designed as a magnet. Thereby, the determination of the slider can be done in a simple manner to the running rail or the guide rail or the Wälzkörperkäfigs. In addition, it is possible that when the slider is formed as a magnet, the running rail is latched to the guide rail in a predetermined position. In particular, the slider can be releasably fixed to a projection of the running rail or the guide rail by magnetic forces, resulting in a corresponding locking. In addition, the magnetic forces may be aligned so that the guide rail and the track rail are held together in a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction. Magnetic fields can be formed axially or radially. Furthermore, a formation of eddy currents in the sense of an eddy current brake is conceivable in order to achieve a "damping" effect. Furthermore, eddy currents can reduce or even prevent a hard impact of the profiles in the end positions.

In einer Ausgestaltung ist der Gleitkörper stirnseitig an dem Wälzkörperkäfig festgelegt. Der Wälzkörperkäfig kann durch den Gleitkörper verlängert sein, so dass eine bessere Führung der Laufschiene an der Führungsschiene gewährleistet wird.In one embodiment, the sliding body is fixed to the end face of the Wälzkörperkäfig. The rolling element cage can be extended by the sliding body, so that better guidance of the running rail on the guide rail is ensured.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung weist der Gleitkörper eine Beschichtung mit niedrigen Reibkoeffizienten auf. Der Gleitkörper kann insbesondere eine Teflonbeschichtung, einen Feststoffschmierstoff, insbesondere mit Kohlenstoff, Bornitrid oder anderen geeigneten Materialien aufweisen.In a further embodiment, the sliding body has a coating with low coefficients of friction. The sliding body may in particular comprise a Teflon coating, a solid lubricant, in particular with carbon, boron nitride or other suitable materials.

Für eine besonders gute Führung der Laufschiene kann beidseitig des Wälzkörperkäfigs mindestens ein Gleitkörper angeordnet werden. Bei einer Schiebebewegung kann sowohl der vordere als auch der hintere Gleitkörper entsprechende Führungsfunktion besitzen. Ferner können zwischen der Führungsschiene und der Laufschiene mehrere Laufbahnen mit Wälzkörpern ausgebildet sein, wobei an jeder Laufbahn mindestens ein Gleitkörper angeordnet ist. Meist sind in einer Ebene senkrecht zur Schieberichtung mehrere Laufbahnen vorgesehen, so dass mehrere Gleitkörper entsprechende Führungsfunktionen übernehmen können.For a particularly good guidance of the running rail, at least one sliding body can be arranged on both sides of the rolling element cage. In a sliding movement, both the front and the rear slider can have appropriate leadership function. Further, a plurality of raceways may be formed with rolling elements between the guide rail and the running rail, wherein at least one sliding body is arranged on each track. In most cases, a plurality of raceways are provided in a plane perpendicular to the sliding direction, so that a plurality of sliding bodies can assume corresponding guiding functions.

In einer einfachen Ausgestaltung kann der Gleitkörper zylinderförmig ausgebildet sein. Um ein besseres Gleiten zu ermöglichen und das Verdrängen von Schmiermittel durch den Gleitkörper zu vermeiden kann der Gleitkörper in seiner Längserstreckung Nuten aufweisen. Durch diese Nuten kann Schmiermittel an dem Gleitkörper vorbeifliesen.In a simple embodiment, the slider can be cylindrical. In order to enable a better sliding and to avoid the displacement of lubricant by the sliding body, the sliding body can have grooves in its longitudinal extension. Through these grooves lubricant can slip past the slider.

Auch können die Gleitkörper in den verschiedenen Laufbahnen miteinander verbunden sein, um ein paralleles Gleiten der Gleitkörper zu ermöglichen.Also, the sliding bodies in the various raceways may be interconnected to allow parallel sliding of the sliding bodies.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung weist der Gleitkörper an einer Stirnseite einen Dämpfer auf, so dass laute Anschlaggeräusche vermieden werden können. Der Dämpfer kann dabei aus einem elastischen Material, insbesondere Gummi, Schaumstoff ausgebildet sein.In a further embodiment, the slider on a front side on a damper, so that loud impact noises can be avoided. The damper can be made of an elastic material, in particular rubber, foam.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung ist es möglich, den Gleitkörper als Schraubenfeder auszubilden, so dass sowohl eine Führungsfunktion als auch eine Dämpfungsfunktion bei Erreichen eines Anschlages erfolgen kann. Des weiteren kann mit einer Schraubenfeder als Gleitkörper eine Verrastung in den Endpositionen erzielt werden. Insbesondere die Verjüngung der Schraubenfeder kann sich temporär zum Verrasten zwischen einen Anschlag der Auszugsführung und den Wälzkörperkäfig und / oder zwischen einen Anschlag und die Lauf- oder Führungsschiene einer Auszugsführung setzen.In a further embodiment, it is possible to form the sliding body as a helical spring, so that both a guide function and a damping function can be performed upon reaching a stop. Furthermore, can be achieved with a coil spring as a sliding latch in the end positions. In particular, the taper of the coil spring may temporarily set for locking between a stop of the pullout guide and the Wälzkörperkäfig and / or between a stop and the running or guide rail of a pullout guide.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand zweier Ausführungsbeispiele mit Bezug auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1A und 1B
zwei Ansichten einer erfindungsgemäßen Auszugsführung;
Fig. 2
eine Querschnittsansicht der Auszugsführung der Fig. 1;
Fig. 3A und 3B
zwei Ansichten einer modifizierten Auszugsführung und
Fig. 4A bis 4C
schematische Ansichten einer erfindungsgemäßen Auszugsführung bei unterschiedlichen Belastungsfällen.
Fig. 5 bis 7
Beispiele für Gleitkörpervariationen
Fig. 8 bis 15
acht Ansichten einer weiteren erfindungsgemäßen Auszugsführung
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to two embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1A and 1B
two views of a pullout guide according to the invention;
Fig. 2
a cross-sectional view of the pullout guide of Fig. 1 ;
FIGS. 3A and 3B
two views of a modified pullout guide and
FIGS. 4A to 4C
schematic views of a pull-out guide according to the invention in different load cases.
Fig. 5 to 7
Examples of sliding body variations
Fig. 8 to 15
eight views of a further pull-out guide according to the invention

Eine Auszugsführung 1 umfasst eine Führungsschiene 2, die insbesondere an einem Möbelkorpus festlegbar ist. An der Führungsschiene 2 ist über Wälzkörper 4 eine Laufschiene 3 verfahrbar gelagert. Es ist auch möglich, die Auszugsführung 1 als Vollauszug bzw. Überauszug auszubilden, so dass zwischen der Führungsschiene 2 und der Laufschiene 3 noch mindestens eine beweglich gelagerte Mittelschiene angeordnet ist.A pullout guide 1 comprises a guide rail 2 which can be fixed in particular to a furniture carcass. On the guide rail 2, a running rail 3 is mounted movably via rolling elements 4. It is also possible to form the pullout guide 1 as a full extension or over extension, so that at least one movably mounted middle rail is arranged between the guide rail 2 and the running rail 3.

An der Führungsschiene 2 sind mehrere in Längsrichtung verlaufende Laufbahnen 6 für die Wälzkörper 4 ausgebildet, die gegenüberliegend an mehreren Laufbahnen 7 an der Laufschiene 3 abrollen. In einer Ebene senkrecht zur Schieberichtung sind drei Wälzkörper 4 jeweils vorgesehen, wobei auch nur zwei oder mehr Wälzkörper zwischen Laufschiene 3 und Führungsschiene 2 angeordnet sein können. Dabei sind mehrere Wälzkörper 4 hintereinander angeordnet und an einem Wälzkörperkäfig 5 gehalten.On the guide rail 2 a plurality of longitudinally extending raceways 6 are formed for the rolling elements 4, which roll opposite to a plurality of raceways 7 on the running rail 3. In a plane perpendicular to the sliding direction three rolling elements 4 are respectively provided, whereby only two or more rolling elements between the running rail 3 and guide rail 2 can be arranged. In this case, a plurality of rolling elements 4 are arranged one behind the other and held on a Wälzkörperkäfig 5.

An einer Stirnseite des Wälzkörperkäfigs 5 ist ein Gleitkörper 8 vorgesehen, der zylinderförmig aus Vollmaterial hergestellt ist, insbesondere aus Metall oder Kunststoff und in dem Innenraum der Laufschiene 3 zwischen Führungsschiene 2 und Laufschiene 3 angeordnet ist.At a front side of the rolling element cage 5, a sliding body 8 is provided which is cylindrical in shape made of solid material, in particular made of metal or plastic and in the interior of the running rail 3 between the guide rail 2 and running rail 3 is arranged.

Wie insbesondere in Fig. 2 zu sehen ist, besitzt der Gleitkörper 8 geringfügiges Spiel, so dass die Reibkräfte bei einer Bewegung der Laufschiene 3 gering gehalten werden. Der Gleitkörper 8 übernimmt eine Führungsfunktion, wenn aufgrund von Unebenheiten der Laufbahn 6 oder 7 oder anderen toleranzbedingten Abweichungen die Laufschiene 3 und gleichzeitig die Führungsschiene 2 an dem Gleitkörper 8 anliegen. Insbesondere beim Herausziehen der Laufschiene 3 kommt es meist zu einer Absenkung, so dass dann die Laufschiene 3 und Führungsschiene 2 nicht mehr exakt parallel angeordnet sind und der Gleitkörper 8 eine Führung ausbildet, um die Schiefstellung möglichst zu minimieren. Zudem besitzt der Gleitkörper 8 gewisse Dämpfungseigenschaften, damit die Bewegung der Laufschiene 3 gleichmäßig erfolgt.As in particular in Fig. 2 can be seen, the slider 8 has slight play, so that the frictional forces are kept low during a movement of the running rail 3. The sliding body 8 assumes a guiding function when, due to unevenness of the raceway 6 or 7 or other tolerance-related deviations, the running rail 3 and at the same time the guide rail 2 rest against the sliding body 8. In particular, when pulling out of the running rail 3, there is usually a reduction, so that then the running rail 3 and guide rail 2 are no longer arranged exactly parallel and the slider 8 forms a guide to minimize the misalignment as possible. In addition, the slider 8 has certain damping properties, so that the movement of the running rail 3 is uniform.

Der Gleitkörper 8 ist aus einem magnetischen Material hergestellt, insbesondere aus AlNiCo oder aus einem anderen ferromagnetischen Material, das eine Remanenz von mindestens 500 mT, insbesondere mehr als 800 mT aufweist. Die maximale Einsatztemperatur für AlNiCo beträgt ca. 450 °C, sodass ein Einsatz in Backöfen problemlos möglich ist.The sliding body 8 is made of a magnetic material, in particular of AlNiCo or of another ferromagnetic material, which has a remanence of at least 500 mT, in particular more than 800 mT. The maximum operating temperature for AlNiCo is approx. 450 ° C, so that it is easily possible to use it in ovens.

Durch die magnetische Ausbildung des Gleitkörpers 8 ist dieser am Wälzkörperkäfig 5 stirnseitig festgelegt und wird zusammen mit dem Wälzkörper 4 bewegt. Wenn die Laufschiene 3 eine maximale Position in Ein- und/oder Ausfahrrichtung erreicht, kann an der Führungsschiene ein entsprechender Anschlag ausgebildet sein, an dem der Gleitkörper 8 für eine Verrastung sorgt. Die Magnetkräfte können dabei so bemessen sein, dass die Haltekräfte an dem Wälzkörperkäfig 5 größer sind als an dem Vorsprung der Führungsschiene. Dadurch kann die Laufschiene 3 in einer gewünschten Position lösbar fixiert werden.Due to the magnetic design of the slider 8, this is fixed to the front side of the rolling element cage 5 and is moved together with the rolling element 4. If the running rail 3 reaches a maximum position in the retraction and / or extension direction, a corresponding stop may be formed on the guide rail, on which the sliding body 8 provides for a locking. The magnetic forces can be so dimensioned that the holding forces on the Wälzkörperkäfig 5 are greater than on the projection of the guide rail. Thereby, the running rail 3 can be releasably fixed in a desired position.

In den Fig. 3A und 3B ist eine geringfügig modifizierte Ausgestaltung einer Auszugsführung gezeigt, bei der eine Laufschiene 3 an einer Führungsschiene 2 über Wälzkörper 4 verfahrbar gelagert ist. Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist der Gleitkörper 8 beabstandet von dem Wälzkörperkäfig 5 angeordnet und kann an der Laufschiene 3 festgelegt sein. In einer Endstellung der Laufschiene 3 kann dann der Gleitkörper 8 an dem Wälzkörper 5 anliegen, ggf. auch unter Ausnutzung magnetischer Haltekräfte.In the FIGS. 3A and 3B a slightly modified embodiment of a pullout guide is shown, in which a running rail 3 on a guide rail 2 via Rolling element 4 is movably mounted. In this embodiment, the slider 8 is spaced from the Wälzkörperkäfig 5 and can be fixed to the running rail 3. In an end position of the running rail 3, the sliding body 8 can then rest against the rolling body 5, possibly also by utilizing magnetic holding forces.

In den Fig. 4A bis 4C ist die Auszugsführung schematisch bei unterschiedlichen Belastungen dargestellt. In Fig. 4A ist die Laufschiene 3 in einer ausgefahrenen Position gezeigt, in der die Laufschiene 3 um den Winkel α zur horizontalen bzw. zur Führungsschiene 2 geneigt angeordnet ist. Durch den Einsatz des Gleitkörpers 8 wird die Länge der Führungselemente vergrößert, da zusätzlich zu den Wälzkörpern 4 auch der Gleitkörper 8 zur Führung beiträgt. Dadurch wird die Absenkung um den Winkel α reduziert. Der Gleitkörper 8 ist in Fig. 4A nur auf einer Seite der Wälzkörper 4 dargestellt, wobei natürlich auch an gegenüberliegenden Seiten ein entsprechender Gleitkörper 8 angeordnet sein kann. Der Gleitkörper 8 bildet ein magnetisches Feld aus, dass Laufschiene 3 und Führungsschiene 2 miteinander "verbindet".In the FIGS. 4A to 4C the pullout guide is shown schematically at different loads. In Fig. 4A the running rail 3 is shown in an extended position, in which the running rail 3 is arranged at an angle α to the horizontal or to the guide rail 2 inclined. Through the use of the slider 8, the length of the guide elements is increased, since in addition to the rolling elements 4 and the slider 8 contributes to the leadership. As a result, the reduction is reduced by the angle α. The slider 8 is in Fig. 4A shown only on one side of the rolling elements 4, wherein of course on opposite sides a corresponding slider 8 may be arranged. The slider 8 forms a magnetic field that running rail 3 and guide rail 2 "connects" with each other.

In Fig. 4B ist die Laufschiene 3 in einer regulär ausgerichteten Position gezeigt, in der alle Wälzkörper 4 in den entsprechenden Laufbahnen angeordnet sind. In Fig. 4C ist eine Verwindung der Laufschiene 3 dargestellt, die aufgrund eines Drehmomentes auftreten kann, so dass die Laufschiene 3 um den Winkel β zur horizontalen Ebene geneigt wird. Dann werden die Wälzköper 4 unterschiedlich belastet, da die Verwindung der Laufschiene 3 die Berührungspunkte der Wälzkörper 4 verlagert. Auch bei einer solchen Torsionsbelastung hilft der Gleitkörper 8, die Führung der Laufschiene 3 an der Führungsschiene 2 zu verbessern.In Fig. 4B the running rail 3 is shown in a regularly aligned position, in which all rolling elements 4 are arranged in the corresponding raceways. In Fig. 4C a distortion of the running rail 3 is shown, which may occur due to a torque, so that the running rail 3 is inclined by the angle β to the horizontal plane. Then the Wälzköper 4 are charged differently, since the distortion of the running rail 3, the contact points of the rolling elements 4 shifts. Even with such a torsional load, the sliding body 8 helps to improve the guidance of the running rail 3 on the guide rail 2.

In dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist bei der Auszugsführung 1 nur ein Gleitkörper 8 auf einer Seite des Wälzkörperkäfigs 5 angeordnet. Es ist natürlich auch möglich, an jeder Laufbahn 6 bzw. 7 einen Gleitkörper 8 vorzusehen, also bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel 3 Gleitkörper 8. Zusätzlich können an gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Wälzkörperkäfigs 5 Gleitkörper 8 vorgesehen werden, so dass sechs Gleitkörper 8 zwischen Laufschiene 3 und Führungsschiene 2 angeordnet sind.In the illustrated embodiment, only one slider 8 is disposed on one side of the rolling element cage 5 in the pullout guide 1. It is of course also possible to provide on each track 6 and 7, a sliding body 8, so in the illustrated embodiment 3 sliding body 8. In addition, 5 sliding body 8 can be provided on opposite sides of the Wälzkörperkäfigs so that six sliding body 8 between the running rail 3 and guide rail 2 are arranged.

In dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Gleitkörper 8 aus einem magnetischen Material als Vollkörper ausgebildet. Die Magnetkräfte können dabei die Führungsschiene 2 und die Laufschiene 3 in eine Richtung senkrecht zur Längsrichtung aneinander halten. Es ist auch möglich, den Gleitkörper 8 mit einer reibungsmindernden Beschichtung zu versehen, so dass die Auszugsführung 1 leichtgängig bleibt.In the illustrated embodiment, the slider 8 is formed of a magnetic material as a solid body. The magnetic forces can keep the guide rail 2 and the running rail 3 in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction together. It is also possible to provide the sliding body 8 with a friction-reducing coating, so that the pullout guide 1 remains smooth.

Der in der Figur 5 dargestellte Gleitkörper 8' weist mehrere sich in Längsrichtung erstreckende Nuten 9 auf, um ein Durchfliesen von Schmiermittel zu ermöglichen. Hierdurch wird verhindert, dass sich das Schmiermittel bei der Betätigung der Auszugsführung 1 vor dem Gleitkörper 8' sammelt und es zu einer Mangelschmierung in dem jeweils dahinterliegenden Bereich der Laufbahn 6 kommt.The Indian FIG. 5 shown sliding body 8 'has a plurality of longitudinally extending grooves 9 to allow a passage of lubricant. This prevents that the lubricant in the operation of the pullout guide 1 before the slider 8 'collects and there is a lack of lubrication in each underlying area of the track 6.

Der in der Figur 6 dargestellte Gleitkörper 8" weist eine Nut 9 auf, um ein Durchfliesen von Schmiermittel zu ermöglichen. Hierdurch wird verhindert, dass sich das Schmiennittel bei der Betätigung der Auszugsführung 1 vor dem Gleitkörper 8' sammelt und es zu einer Mangelschmierung in dem jeweils dahinterliegenden Bereich der Laufbahn 6 kommt.The Indian FIG. 6 The sliding body 8 "shown has a groove 9 in order to allow lubricant to pass through, thereby preventing the lubricant from collecting in front of the sliding body 8 'when the pull-out guide 1 is actuated and resulting in insufficient lubrication in the respectively underlying area of the raceway 6 is coming.

Der in der Figur 7 dargestellte Gleitkörper 8''' weist Verbindungsstege 10 auf, um ein gleichmäßiges Verfahren des Gleitkörpers 8''' in allen Laufbahnen 6 zu ermöglichen. Hierdurch wird verhindert, dass sich Elemente des Gleitkörpers 8''' an verschiedenen Positionen der Auszugsführung 1 bei ihrer Betätigung befinden.The Indian FIG. 7 illustrated sliding body 8 '''has connecting webs 10 in order to enable a uniform method of the slider 8''' in all raceways 6. This prevents that elements of the slider 8 '''at different positions of the pullout guide 1 are in their operation.

Die Figuren 8 bis 15 zeigen eine weitere Ausgestaltung eines erfindungsgemäßen Gleitkörpers 8'''' in Form einer Schraubenfeder. Der Gleitkörper 8'''' weist einen kegelförmigen Bereich 11 und einen zylinderförmigen Bereich 12 auf. Der zylinderförmige Bereich 12 weist etwa den durch die Laufbahnen 6 und 7 gebildeten Durchmesser auf, während sich der kegelförmige Bereich 11 verjüngt.The FIGS. 8 to 15 show a further embodiment of a slider according to the invention 8 '''' in the form of a helical spring. The sliding body 8 "" has a conical region 11 and a cylindrical region 12. The cylindrical portion 12 has approximately the diameter formed by the raceways 6 and 7, while the tapered portion 11 tapers.

Die Figuren 8 und 9 zeigen den Gleitkörper 8"" in einer mittleren Position einer Auszugsführung 1'. In diesem Bereich kann der Gleitkörper 8'''' nur eine geringe Kraft in Richtung der Laufbahnen 6 und 7 bewirken.The FIGS. 8 and 9 show the slider 8 "" in a middle position of a pullout guide 1 '. In this area, the slider 8 '''' only a small force in the direction of the raceways 6 and 7 cause.

Die Figuren 10 bis 15 zeigen die Auszugsführung 1' in ihrer maximalen Auszugsposition. Der kegelförmige Bereich des Gleitkörpers 8'''' liegt und zwischen einem Anschlag 13 und der Laufbahn 7 der Laufschiene 3. In dieser Position bewirkt der Gleitkörper 8'''' eine lösbare Verrastung der Auszugsführung 1' in geöffneter Stellung. In dieser Position können nun z.B. Gargutträger durch den Anwender gefahrlos auf ein Paar derartiger Auszugsführungen 1' aufgelegt werden. Durch Uberwindung einer geringen Gegenkraft durch den Anwender kann die Verrastung wieder gelöst werden und die Auszugsführung 1' kann z.B. wieder in den Garraum eines Haushaltsgerätes geschoben werden.The FIGS. 10 to 15 show the pullout guide 1 'in its maximum extension position. The conical portion of the slider 8 '''' is located between a stop 13 and the track 7 of the running rail 3. In this position, the slider 8 '''' causes a releasable locking of the pullout guide 1 'in the open position. In this position, for example, food supports can now be safely placed on a pair of such pull-out guides 1 'by the user. By overcoming a small drag by the user, the latch can be solved again and the pullout guide 1 'can be pushed back into the oven of a household appliance, for example.

Zudem kann der Gleitkörper 8, 8' auch als Schraubenfeder ausgebildet sein, aus einem Hohlkörper oder als flexibler Hohlkörper gebildet werden.In addition, the sliding body 8, 8 'may also be designed as a helical spring, be formed from a hollow body or as a flexible hollow body.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Auszugsführungpull-out guide
1'1'
Auszugsführungpull-out guide
22
Führungsschieneguide rail
33
Laufschienerunner
44
Wälzkörperrolling elements
55
WälzkörperkäfigRolling Element
66
Laufbahncareer
77
Laufbahncareer
88th
Gleitkörpersliding
8'8th'
Gleitkörpersliding
8''8th''
Gleitkörpersliding
8'''8th'''
Gleitkörpersliding
8''''8th''''
Gleitkörpersliding
99
Nutgroove
1010
Verbindungsstegconnecting web
1111
Kegelförmiger BereichTapered area
1212
Zylinderförmiger BereichCylindrical area
1313
Anschlagattack
αα
Winkelangle
ββ
Winkelangle

Claims (14)

  1. Pull-out guide (1, 1'), in particular for furniture or house-hold appliances, comprising a guide rail (2) that can be fixed on a furniture body and a sliding rail (3) that is movably supported on the guide rail (2) by means of rolling elements (4), wherein the rolling elements (4) are held on a rolling element cage (5), characterized in that at least one sliding body (8, 8', 8", 8''', 8"") is arranged in an interior space between the sliding rail (3) and the guide rail (2), which sliding body is movably supported on the guide rail (2), the sliding rail (3), and / or a central rail.
  2. Pull-out guide according to Claim 1, characterized in that the sliding body (8, 8', 8", 8"', 8"") has a cylindrical shape, the longitudinal axis of which is aligned parallel to the sliding direction.
  3. Pull-out guide according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sliding body (8, 8', 8", 8"', 8''''), arranged essentially interlocking, non-positive, and / or with little play, lies between the sliding rail (3) and the guide rail (2).
  4. Pull-out guide according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sliding body (8, 8', 8", 8"', 8"") is designed as a magnet.
  5. Pull-out guide according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sliding body (8, 8', 8", 8''', 8"") is designed as a coil spring.
  6. Pull-out guide according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the sliding body (8, 8', 8", 8"', 8"") is fixed to the rolling element cage (5) at front face.
  7. Pull-out guide according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the sliding body (8, 8', 8", 8"', 8"") has a coating with low friction coefficient.
  8. Pull-out guide according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, by means of the sliding body (8, 8', 8", 8"', 8"") being designed as a magnet, a latching of the sliding rail (3) at the guide rail (2) can be accomplished.
  9. Pull-out guide according to any one of Claims 2 to 8, characterized in that at least one sliding body (8, 8', 8", 8"', 8"") is arranged on each side of the rolling element cage (5).
  10. Pull-out guide according to any one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the sliding body (8, 8', 8", 8"', 8"") has a damper arranged on at least one front face.
  11. Pull-out guide according to any one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that multiple tracks (6, 7) with rolling elements (4) are arranged at a guide rail (2) and a sliding rail (3), with at least one sliding body (8, 8', 8", 8''', 8"") arranged on each track.
  12. Pull-out guide according to any one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the magnetic field formed by the sliding body (8, 8', 8", 8"', 8"") is radial.
  13. Pull-out guide according to any one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the magnetic field formed by the sliding body (8, 8', 8", 8"', 8"") is axial.
  14. Pull-out guide according to any one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a latching of the sliding rail (3) is enabled by the sliding body (8, 8', 8'', 8''', 8'''').
EP10707518.6A 2009-03-11 2010-03-04 Pull-out guide Not-in-force EP2405786B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL10707518T PL2405786T3 (en) 2009-03-11 2010-03-04 Pull-out guide

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202009001963U DE202009001963U1 (en) 2009-03-11 2009-03-11 pull-out guide
PCT/EP2010/052782 WO2010102948A2 (en) 2009-03-11 2010-03-04 Pull-out guide

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2405786A2 EP2405786A2 (en) 2012-01-18
EP2405786B1 true EP2405786B1 (en) 2013-09-11

Family

ID=42371965

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10707518.6A Not-in-force EP2405786B1 (en) 2009-03-11 2010-03-04 Pull-out guide

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20120014627A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2405786B1 (en)
DE (1) DE202009001963U1 (en)
ES (1) ES2438716T3 (en)
PL (1) PL2405786T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2010102948A2 (en)

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ITUB20154601A1 (en) * 2015-10-12 2017-04-12 Muzzin S P A SILENT OPENING GUIDE FOR SLIDING PARTS OF FURNITURE, WHICH DRAWERS OR SIMILAR

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EP2605685A1 (en) * 2010-08-20 2013-06-26 Paul Hettich GmbH & Co. KG Pull-out guide
AT512897B1 (en) * 2012-10-02 2013-12-15 Fulterer Gmbh Pull-out guide for a piece of furniture which can be pulled out of a furniture carcass
AT513608B1 (en) 2013-03-12 2014-06-15 Fulterer Gmbh Pull-out guide for a piece of furniture which can be pulled out of a furniture carcass
DE102013104732A1 (en) * 2013-05-07 2014-11-13 Paul Hettich Gmbh & Co. Kg Pull-out guide and damping element for a pullout guide
US10168082B2 (en) * 2014-05-23 2019-01-01 Lennox Industries Inc. Tandem compressor slide rail
US10080917B2 (en) * 2015-04-21 2018-09-25 Bonnie Patricia Freudinger Mounting system for a physical therapy device
DE102016120251A1 (en) * 2016-10-24 2018-04-26 Paul Hettich Gmbh & Co. Kg Pull-out guide and method for lubricating raceways for rolling elements on rails of a drawer slide
AT519982B1 (en) * 2017-08-17 2018-12-15 Blum Gmbh Julius drawer
CN109424661B (en) * 2017-08-31 2022-01-11 赛峰客舱荷兰有限公司 Slip extractor braking system
CN112867420B (en) * 2018-07-17 2022-01-04 赛峰客舱荷兰公司 Container extraction assembly
EP3636238B1 (en) * 2018-10-12 2021-04-28 Liko Research & Development AB Gates with transition ramps for overhead lifting rails
DE202018106058U1 (en) * 2018-10-23 2020-01-24 Accuride International Gmbh telescopic rail
CN112895173A (en) * 2021-03-18 2021-06-04 何国标 Stroke extension mechanism and ceramic tile push broach with same

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GB986735A (en) * 1963-03-02 1965-03-24 Sankey Sheldon Ltd Extension-slide mountings of drawers in filing cabinets and other structures
GB1099351A (en) * 1964-03-24 1968-01-17 Southborough Group Ltd Improvements in or relating to extension slides for drawers or the like
US4328998A (en) * 1980-09-26 1982-05-11 Corax Corporation Slide brackets
DE202005014127U1 (en) * 2005-09-08 2005-11-24 Paul Hettich Gmbh & Co. Kg Drawer rail system comprises guide rails attached to furniture carcass and slide rails attached to drawer, Running being assisted by ball bearings in plastic cage with vertical slits at its inner end filled with flexible damping material

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITUB20154601A1 (en) * 2015-10-12 2017-04-12 Muzzin S P A SILENT OPENING GUIDE FOR SLIDING PARTS OF FURNITURE, WHICH DRAWERS OR SIMILAR
EP3155930A1 (en) * 2015-10-12 2017-04-19 Muzzin S.p.A. Dampened opening guide for sliding parts of furniture, such as drawers or the like

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE202009001963U1 (en) 2010-07-29
US20120014627A1 (en) 2012-01-19
ES2438716T3 (en) 2014-01-20
EP2405786A2 (en) 2012-01-18
WO2010102948A3 (en) 2010-11-18
WO2010102948A2 (en) 2010-09-16
PL2405786T3 (en) 2014-03-31

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