EP2399093A2 - Dryer for treating garden waste - Google Patents

Dryer for treating garden waste

Info

Publication number
EP2399093A2
EP2399093A2 EP10706514A EP10706514A EP2399093A2 EP 2399093 A2 EP2399093 A2 EP 2399093A2 EP 10706514 A EP10706514 A EP 10706514A EP 10706514 A EP10706514 A EP 10706514A EP 2399093 A2 EP2399093 A2 EP 2399093A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
dryer according
container wall
dryer
goods
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10706514A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2399093B1 (en
Inventor
Mathias Trojosky
Hermann Weiss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Allgaier Werke GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Allgaier Werke GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Allgaier Werke GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Allgaier Werke GmbH and Co KG
Priority to PL10706514T priority Critical patent/PL2399093T3/en
Publication of EP2399093A2 publication Critical patent/EP2399093A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2399093B1 publication Critical patent/EP2399093B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/18—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by rotating helical blades or other rotary conveyors which may be heated moving materials in stationary chambers, e.g. troughs
    • F26B17/20—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by rotating helical blades or other rotary conveyors which may be heated moving materials in stationary chambers, e.g. troughs the axis of rotation being horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/04—Agitating, stirring, or scraping devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a dryer for treating garden waste, so-called green waste, and other bulk material, such as wood chips.
  • dryers comprising a container with double
  • a first floor is arranged above another.
  • the upper floor is perforated. Through the perforations, drying air is introduced into the space above the first floor.
  • drying does not take place uniformly, resulting in a moisture gradient in the product.
  • belt dryers there are belt dryers.
  • the material to be dried is applied to a conveyor belt and blown with air, for example coming from above or from below.
  • air for example coming from above or from below.
  • the dimensions of such belt dryer are very large.
  • the band is not always evenly occupied.
  • tower dryer There are known tower dryer. These include a tower-shaped container. The material is introduced into the container above and peeled off below. The flow of drying air is always non-uniform. There is also a risk of clogging.
  • drum dryers In drum dryers, the material is entered at one point in a drum and discharged at another point again. In addition, air is blown into the dryer. The air entrains the light wood particles in the direction of discharge, so that the residence times are small or complicated installations required are, which complicate the maintenance and bring a risk of clogging with it.
  • Another disadvantage is that the residence times in the drying of wood particles to wood particles are unequal. At low temperatures, the tumble dryer works uneconomically. He is therefore very tall.
  • fluidized bed dryer in which the material to be dried is transferred to a fluidized bed (floating bed).
  • a fluidized bed floating bed
  • the particles have a certain weight or tend to snag each other, such as wood chips, but the good is not thoroughly mixed. The drying is therefore not uniform.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a dryer that has a simple structure, a uniform drying achieved long
  • the dryer should be particularly suitable for drying the aforementioned good.
  • a dryer according to the invention accordingly has the following essential features:
  • the container may be designed as an upwardly open tray or tray. It can be closed, for example as a cylinder. It may have a circular cross section or an elliptical cross section or another cross section. It is important that its bottom area is at least partially rounded.
  • the inventors have recognized the following:
  • the good is guided by the said funding in the ascending quadrant of the container wall by a certain distance along the container wall upwards and then tilts to the center of the container around.
  • a rolling movement of the material or a material layer is generated.
  • the goods thus carry out two movements: on the one hand, the wandering movement from the inlet to the outlet of the container, on the other hand, the aforementioned rolling motion. Compression of the goods is avoided.
  • the compressed air is introduced predominantly or alone in the ascending quadrant of the container wall into the container interior. It may well be provided a stirrer. However, it should preferably have stirrer arms that, when viewed through the container, are curved so that they wrap the good to be rotated in a sense. The mass of the material is then in the ascending quadrant of the container wall.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment in a cross section.
  • FIG. 2 shows the first embodiment in a longitudinal section.
  • Figure 3 shows schematically in cross section the container wall of a second
  • Figure 4 shows schematically in cross section the container wall of a third embodiment.
  • Figure 5 shows schematically in cross section the container wall of a fourth embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 shows a fifth embodiment in longitudinal section.
  • FIGS. 7, 8, 9 show diagrammatically cross sections through variants of the fifth embodiment.
  • the first embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2 has a
  • Container 1 with a round cross section.
  • Container 1 is thus essentially a cylinder. It has an inlet 1.1 and an outlet 1.2 for the material to be dried.
  • the perforations may be of any shape, such as holes or slots. They serve to pass compressed air from the outside into the container interior. See arrows 2.
  • the container has a stirrer 3, comprising a stirrer shaft 3.1 and stirrer arms 3.2.
  • the stirrer arms 3.2 are curved.
  • the curvature is a convex, seen in the direction of rotation. See arrow 4, which illustrates the direction of rotation of the stirrer 3.
  • the curvature of the stirrer arms 3.2 has the following meaning: The surface pressure that each stirrer arm exerts on its circulation on the material is thereby minimized, and thus also a blockage or a nester formation in the material.
  • the material 5 collects in the region of the ascending quadrant of the container wall. It executes a rolling motion. See the two arrows 6.
  • the ascending quadrant represents a kind of rolling element.
  • the embodiment shown in Figure 3 has a circulating belt 7 as a conveying element. This is worn by rollers 7.1. The first and the last role - seen in the direction of rotation - are driven, so that the band rotates, in such a way that it puts the good in the direction of the arrows 6 in a rolling motion. See again here the compressed air streams 2, which pass through a nozzle plate 8.
  • the band 7 consists of a mesh fabric or also has perforations, so that the compressed air 2 can pass through the belt 7 and reach the estate 5.
  • a plurality of rollers 9 are embedded in the container wall. These are driven, in turn, to transmit a rolling motion to the estate 5. Through the spaces between adjacent rollers 9 compressed air 2 is passed. The lateral surfaces of the rollers 9 engage directly on the goods 5. The lateral surfaces may have drivers.
  • the compressed air is generally supplied in all embodiments preferably in the ascending quadrant of the container wall. However, it can also be introduced outside of this quadrant by appropriate perforations.
  • the dryer according to the fifth embodiment according to Figure 6 comprises a first container 1. This is in turn designed as a reclining, elongated cylinder. At the end of the outlet 1.2 is a shut-off 1.4. In the first container 1, in turn, a stirrer 3 is provided, analogous to the stirrer according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the second container 10 has one or more connections 10.1 as an air inlet.
  • the intermediate wall 20 is the two containers 1 and 10 together and separates them from each other.
  • Partition wall 20 is provided with a plurality of perforations 20.1.
  • the second container 10 is conical in cross section. He is equipped with emptying organs. Within the second container 10 is a conveying member as an emptying member, for example a screw conveyor 11. At the end of the screw conveyor is an outlet 11.1.
  • the dryer according to FIG. 6 works as follows: Through the outlet 1.1, the material to be dried is introduced into container 1.
  • the good may in turn be any bulk goods, such as crumb-like substances, green waste, grain, biomass, plastic granules, wood chips, fiber.
  • container 1 In container 1, a certain level of the goods 5 sets during operation.
  • the speed of the stirrer 3 is adjustable.
  • An intermittent mode of operation is also conceivable.
  • the first container 1 has an overflow weir 1.5 at its downstream end.
  • the following features or measures may be advantageous:
  • the container 1 is preceded by a separate air heater
  • Container 1 - possibly also container 10 - are arranged horizontally; the arrangement can be horizontal, but inclinations of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 ... 45 degrees are conceivable; - The one or both containers are with respect to the
  • Sectioned air supply to influence the drying process across the conveyor line different; the cross-section of the single container may change over its length. So he can become smaller or bigger.
  • FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 show different embodiments of the second container 10.
  • the dryer according to the fifth embodiment can carry out the following operations - see in particular the embodiment according to FIG. 6:
  • the treated material is dry and free from unwanted components. It can be processed into pellets or briquettes. It can be burned directly. Also, a use in pyrolysis into consideration.
  • the material to be dried is mechanically transported and thoroughly mixed; the dried material has a uniform residual moisture, both over the period of time seen as well as of particles too
  • the product forms a ventilated fixed bed in the upper chamber, which offers optimal conditions for a good heat transfer; the plant has relatively small dimensions; except for the mixing element, there is no within the upper chamber 1
  • the dryer according to the invention can also be used for cooling of goods
  • Chamber 3 may be conical by tapering or widening in the conveying direction; the energy demand for the blown air is low.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a dryer for drying garden waste, in particular shredded green waste and other free-flowing goods, comprising an elongated, horizontal container having a bottom that has an at least partially round cross-section; the container has an inlet at one end thereof and an outlet at the other end thereof for the goods; the container wall is perforated at least on a part of the length thereof; the perforations are connected to compressed air; conveying devices are provided for gripping the goods in an ascending quadrant at the container wall and for conveying the goods along the container wall upwards for a certain distance.

Description

Trockner zum Behandeln von Gartenabfall Dryers for treating garden waste
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Trockner zum Behandeln von Gartenabfall, sogenanntem Grünschnitt, sowie anderem Schüttgut, beispielsweise Hackschnitzeln.The invention relates to a dryer for treating garden waste, so-called green waste, and other bulk material, such as wood chips.
Es ist eine Vielzahl von Trocknern bekannt geworden, mit denen Schüttgut jeglicher Art getrocknet werden kann.It has become known a variety of dryers, with which bulk material of any kind can be dried.
So gibt es beispielsweise Trockner, umfassend einen Behälter mit doppeltemFor example, there are dryers comprising a container with double
Boden. Dabei ist ein erster Boden oberhalb eines anderen angeordnet. Der obere Boden ist perforiert. Durch die Perforationen wird Trocknungsluft in den Raum oberhalb des ersten Bodens eingeleitet. Ein Nachteil besteht darin, dass die Trocknung nicht gleichmäßig stattfindet, sodass sich ein Feuchtegefälle im Gut ergibt.Ground. In this case, a first floor is arranged above another. The upper floor is perforated. Through the perforations, drying air is introduced into the space above the first floor. One disadvantage is that drying does not take place uniformly, resulting in a moisture gradient in the product.
Weiterhin gibt es Bandtrockner. Hierbei wird das zu trocknende Gut auf ein Förderband aufgebracht und mit Luft beblasen, beispielsweise von oben oder von unten kommend. Auch hier entsteht ein Gut, dessen Feuchtigkeit an verschiedenen Stellen ungleich groß ist, sodass ein Feuchtegefälle vorliegt. Auch sind die Abmessungen derartiger Bandtrockner sehr groß. Gerade bei Holzhackschnitzeln ist das Band nicht immer gleichmäßig belegt.Furthermore, there are belt dryers. Here, the material to be dried is applied to a conveyor belt and blown with air, for example coming from above or from below. Here, too, creates a good whose moisture is unequal in different places, so that there is a moisture gradient. The dimensions of such belt dryer are very large. Especially with Holzhackschnitzeln the band is not always evenly occupied.
Es sind Turmtrockner bekannt. Diese umfassen einen turmförmigen Behälter. Das Gut wird in den Behälter oben eingeführt und unten abgezogen. Die Anströmung mit Trocknungsluft ist hierbei stets ungleichförmig. Auch besteht eine Verstopfungsgefahr.There are known tower dryer. These include a tower-shaped container. The material is introduced into the container above and peeled off below. The flow of drying air is always non-uniform. There is also a risk of clogging.
Bei Trommeltrocknern wird das Gut an einer Stelle in eine Trommel eingetragen und an einer anderen Stelle wieder abgeführt. Außerdem wird Luft in den Trockner eingeblasen. Die Luft reißt die leichten Holzpartikel in Richtung Austrag mit, sodass die Aufenthaltszeiten klein werden oder komplizierte Einbauten erforderlich sind, welche die Wartung erschweren und eine Verstopfungsgefahr mit sich bringen. Ein weiterer Nachteil besteht darin, dass die Aufenthaltszeiten in der Trocknung von Holzpartikel zu Holzpartikel ungleich groß sind. Bei tiefen Temperaturen arbeitet der Trommeltrockner unwirtschaftlich. Er wird daher sehr groß.In drum dryers, the material is entered at one point in a drum and discharged at another point again. In addition, air is blown into the dryer. The air entrains the light wood particles in the direction of discharge, so that the residence times are small or complicated installations required are, which complicate the maintenance and bring a risk of clogging with it. Another disadvantage is that the residence times in the drying of wood particles to wood particles are unequal. At low temperatures, the tumble dryer works uneconomically. He is therefore very tall.
Ferner gibt es Fliesbetttrockner, bei denen das zu trocknende Gut in ein Fliesbett (Schwebebett) überführt wird. Bei einem Gut, dessen Partikel ein gewisses Gewicht aufweisen oder dazu neigen, sich ineinander zu verhaken, wie etwa Hackschnitzel, wird aber das Gut nicht gründlich durchmischt. Die Trocknung ist daher nicht gleichmäßig.There are also fluidized bed dryer, in which the material to be dried is transferred to a fluidized bed (floating bed). In a good, the particles have a certain weight or tend to snag each other, such as wood chips, but the good is not thoroughly mixed. The drying is therefore not uniform.
Das eingangs genannte Gut, nämlich Gartenabfälle und so weiter, ist besonders problematisch. Dies gilt besonders dann, wenn das Gut faserige oder fadenförmige Partikel aufweist, die zum Verspinnen neigen. Dabei kommt es zum Bilden von Knäueln, die Nester bilden. Der innere Bereich solcher Nester wird nicht genügend getrocknet, sondern bleibt feucht.The aforementioned good, namely garden waste and so on, is particularly problematic. This is especially true when the material has fibrous or thread-like particles that tend to spin. This leads to the formation of balls that form nests. The inner area of such nests is not dried enough but remains moist.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Trockner anzugeben, der einen einfachen Aufbau aufweist, eine gleichförmige Trocknung erzielt, langeThe invention has for its object to provide a dryer that has a simple structure, a uniform drying achieved long
Aufenthaltszeiten bei geringem Volumen ermöglicht und sich kostengünstig herstellen lässt. Der Trockner soll insbesondere geeignet sein zum Trocknen des eingangs genannten Gutes.Low-volume residence times and cost-effective production. The dryer should be particularly suitable for drying the aforementioned good.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale von Anspruch 1 gelöst.This object is solved by the features of claim 1.
Ein erfindungsgemäßer Trockner weist demgemäß die folgenden wesentlichen Merkmale auf:A dryer according to the invention accordingly has the following essential features:
- einen langgestreckten, liegenden Behälter mit einem im Querschnitt runden Boden; an einem Ende des Behälters befindet sich ein Einlass, und am anderen Ende ein Auslass für das Gut; die Behälterwand ist wenigstens auf einen Teil ihrer Länge perforiert; die Perforationen sind an Druckluft angeschlossen, die durch die Behälterwand hindurch in das Innere des Behälters tritt; es sind Fördereinrichtungen vorgesehen, die das Gut im aufsteigenden Quadranten der Behälterwand ergreifen und um eine gewisse Wegstrecke entlang der Behälterwand nach oben fördern.- An elongated, horizontal container with a round bottom in cross-section; at one end of the container there is an inlet and at the other end an outlet for the product; the container wall is perforated at least over part of its length; the perforations are connected to compressed air which passes through the container wall into the interior of the container; There are conveyors provided which take the good in the ascending quadrant of the container wall and promote a certain distance along the container wall upwards.
Der Behälter kann als eine nach oben offene Schale oder Wanne ausgeführt sein. Er kann geschlossen sein, beispielsweise als Zylinder. Er kann einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt oder einen elliptischen Querschnitt oder einen sonstigen Querschnitt aufweisen. Wichtig ist, dass sein Bodenbereich wenigstens teilweise gerundet ist.The container may be designed as an upwardly open tray or tray. It can be closed, for example as a cylinder. It may have a circular cross section or an elliptical cross section or another cross section. It is important that its bottom area is at least partially rounded.
Die Erfinder haben folgendes erkannt:The inventors have recognized the following:
Werden Förderorgane eingesetzt, die sich im Behälter befinden und das Gut auf seinem Wege vom Einlass zum Auslass des Behälters umwälzen, so besteht die Gefahr eines Komprimierens des Gutes. Ein solches Komprimieren ist aber höchst nachteilig. Es besteht die Gefahr des Blockierens des Förderorganes, beispielsweise eines umlaufenden Rührers. Außerdem wird das Gut nicht gleichmäßig verteilt. Hierdurch wird nämlich die Bildung der genannten Nester begünstigt. Im Inneren eines jeden Nestes verbleibt die Feuchtigkeit. Die Trocknung ist somit nicht gleichförmig. Dies ist besonders dann der Fall, wenn man einen Rührer einsetzt, umfassend eine Rührerwelle, die parallel zur Förderstrecke im Behälter angeordnet ist, ferner Rührerarme, die bei ihrer Umdrehung im absteigenden Quadranten der Behälterwandung auf das Gut drücken und dieses somit komprimieren.If conveying devices are used which are located in the container and circulate the goods on their way from the inlet to the outlet of the container, there is the risk of compressing the goods. Such compression is highly disadvantageous. There is a risk of blocking the conveying member, such as a rotating stirrer. In addition, the estate is not evenly distributed. This favors the formation of said nests. Inside each nest, the moisture remains. The drying is therefore not uniform. This is particularly the case when using a stirrer, comprising a stirrer shaft, which is arranged parallel to the conveying path in the container, and also stirrer arms which press on their turn in the descending quadrant of the container wall on the good and thus compress it.
Wird aber stattdessen das Gut durch die genannten Fördermittel im aufsteigenden Quadranten der Behälterwandung um eine gewisse Wegstrecke entlang der Behälterwandung nach oben geführt und kippt sodann zum Zentrum des Behälters um. Hierdurch wird eine Wälzbewegung des Gutes beziehungsweise einer Gutschicht erzeugt. Das Gut führt somit zwei Bewegungen aus: Zum einen die Wanderbewegung vom Einlass zum Auslass des Behälters, zum anderen die genannte Wälzbewegung. Eine Komprimierung des Gutes wird hierbei vermieden.But instead, the good is guided by the said funding in the ascending quadrant of the container wall by a certain distance along the container wall upwards and then tilts to the center of the container around. As a result, a rolling movement of the material or a material layer is generated. The goods thus carry out two movements: on the one hand, the wandering movement from the inlet to the outlet of the container, on the other hand, the aforementioned rolling motion. Compression of the goods is avoided.
Als Förderelemente kommen verschiedene Einrichtungen in Betracht. Siehe die Figurenbeschreibung.As conveying elements, various facilities come into consideration. See the figure description.
Es hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, die zum Trocknen und Auflockern dienende Druckluft im aufsteigenden Quadranten der Behälterwand anzuordnen. Dies kann die Wälzbewegung des Gutes begünstigen.It has proven to be advantageous to arrange the drying and loosening serving compressed air in the ascending quadrant of the container wall. This can favor the rolling motion of the material.
Im Extremfall könnten mehrere Druckluftstrahlen sogar als Förderelemente dienen, sodass es keiner (mechanischer) Förderelemente bedarf.In extreme cases, several compressed air jets could even serve as conveying elements, so that it requires no (mechanical) conveying elements.
Als Parallellösung zu den genannten, im aufsteigenden Quadranten angeordneten Förderelementen, oder zusätzlich zu diesen, kommt auch folgende Lösung in Betracht: Die Druckluft wird vorwiegend oder alleine im aufsteigenden Quadranten der Behälterwandung in den Behälter-Innenraum eingeleitet. Es kann durchaus ein Rührer vorgesehen werden. Dieser sollte jedoch vorzugsweise Rührerarme aufweisen, die - durch den Behälter gesehen - gekrümmt sind, sodass sie das in Drehung zu versetzende Gute gewissermaßen einhüllen. Die Masse des Gutes befindet sich sodann im aufsteigenden Quadranten der Behälterwandung.As a parallel solution to the mentioned, arranged in the ascending quadrants conveyor elements, or in addition to these, also the following solution comes into consideration: The compressed air is introduced predominantly or alone in the ascending quadrant of the container wall into the container interior. It may well be provided a stirrer. However, it should preferably have stirrer arms that, when viewed through the container, are curved so that they wrap the good to be rotated in a sense. The mass of the material is then in the ascending quadrant of the container wall.
Die Erfindung ist anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Darin ist im Einzelnen Folgendes dargestellt:The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. It details the following:
Figur 1 zeigt eine erste Ausführungsform in einem Querschnitt.FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment in a cross section.
Figur 2 zeigt die erste Ausführungsform in einem Längsschnitt. Figur 3 zeigt schematisch im Querschnitt die Behälterwand einer zweitenFIG. 2 shows the first embodiment in a longitudinal section. Figure 3 shows schematically in cross section the container wall of a second
Ausführungsform.Embodiment.
Figur 4 zeigt schematisch im Querschnitt die Behälterwand einer dritten Ausführungsform.Figure 4 shows schematically in cross section the container wall of a third embodiment.
Figur 5 zeigt schematisch im Querschnitt die Behälterwand einer vierten Ausführungsform.Figure 5 shows schematically in cross section the container wall of a fourth embodiment.
Figur 6 zeigt im Längsschnitt eine fünfte Ausführungsform.FIG. 6 shows a fifth embodiment in longitudinal section.
Fig. 7, 8, 9 zeigen schematisch Querschnitte durch Varianten der fünften Ausführungsform.FIGS. 7, 8, 9 show diagrammatically cross sections through variants of the fifth embodiment.
Die in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellte erste Ausführungsform weist einenThe first embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2 has a
Behälter 1 mit rundem Querschnitt auf. Behälter 1 ist somit im Wesentlichen ein Zylinder. Er hat einen Einlass 1.1 und einen Auslass 1.2 für das zu trocknende Gut.Container 1 with a round cross section. Container 1 is thus essentially a cylinder. It has an inlet 1.1 and an outlet 1.2 for the material to be dried.
In Figur 1 erkennt man eine Mehrzahl von Perforationen 1.3 in derIn Figure 1 can be seen a plurality of perforations 1.3 in the
Behälterwandung. Die Perforationen können jegliche Gestalt aufweisen, beispielsweise Bohrungen oder Schlitze sein. Sie dienen zum Hindurchführen von Druckluft von außen in das Behälter-Innere. Siehe die Pfeile 2.Container. The perforations may be of any shape, such as holes or slots. They serve to pass compressed air from the outside into the container interior. See arrows 2.
Der Behälter weist einen Rührer 3 auf, umfassend eine Rührerwelle 3.1 sowie Rührerarme 3.2. Wie man aus Figur 1 erkennt, sind die Rührerarme 3.2 gekrümmt. Die Krümmung ist eine konvexe, in Drehrichtung gesehen. Siehe Pfeil 4, der die Drehrichtung des Rührers 3 veranschaulicht.The container has a stirrer 3, comprising a stirrer shaft 3.1 and stirrer arms 3.2. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the stirrer arms 3.2 are curved. The curvature is a convex, seen in the direction of rotation. See arrow 4, which illustrates the direction of rotation of the stirrer 3.
Die Krümmung der Rührerarme 3.2 hat den folgenden Sinn: Die Flächenpressung, die jeder Rührerarm bei seinem Umlauf auf das Gut ausübt, wird hierdurch minimiert, und damit auch ein Blockierung oder eine Nesterbildung im Gut. Das Gut 5 sammelt sich im Bereich des aufsteigenden Quadranten der Behälterwandung. Es führt eine Wälzbewegung aus. Siehe die beiden Pfeile 6. Der aufsteigende Quadrant stellt eine Art Wälzbett dar. Die in Figur 3 gezeigte Ausführungsform weist als Förderelement ein umlaufendes Band 7 auf. Dieses ist von Rollen 7.1 getragen. Die erste und die letzte Rolle - in Umlaufrichtung gesehen - sind angetrieben, sodass auch das Band umläuft, und zwar derart, dass es das Gut in Richtung der Pfeile 6 in eine Wälzbewegung versetzt. Siehe auch hier wiederum die Druckluftströme 2, die durch eine Düsenplatte 8 hindurchtreten. Das Band 7 besteht aus einem Siebgewebe oder hat ebenfalls Perforationen, sodass die Druckluft 2 durch das Band 7 hindurchtreten und zum Gut 5 gelangen kann.The curvature of the stirrer arms 3.2 has the following meaning: The surface pressure that each stirrer arm exerts on its circulation on the material is thereby minimized, and thus also a blockage or a nester formation in the material. The material 5 collects in the region of the ascending quadrant of the container wall. It executes a rolling motion. See the two arrows 6. The ascending quadrant represents a kind of rolling element. The embodiment shown in Figure 3 has a circulating belt 7 as a conveying element. This is worn by rollers 7.1. The first and the last role - seen in the direction of rotation - are driven, so that the band rotates, in such a way that it puts the good in the direction of the arrows 6 in a rolling motion. See again here the compressed air streams 2, which pass through a nozzle plate 8. The band 7 consists of a mesh fabric or also has perforations, so that the compressed air 2 can pass through the belt 7 and reach the estate 5.
Bei der in Figur 4 veranschaulichten dritten Ausführungsform sind in die Behälterwandung mehrere Walzen 9 eingelassen. Diese sind angetrieben, um wiederum eine Wälzbewegung auf das Gut 5 zu übertragen. Durch die Zwischenräume zwischen einander benachbarten Walzen 9 wird Druckluft 2 hindurchgeführt. Die Mantelflächen der Walzen 9 greifen unmittelbar am Gut 5 an. Die Mantelflächen können Mitnehmer aufweisen.In the third embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, a plurality of rollers 9 are embedded in the container wall. These are driven, in turn, to transmit a rolling motion to the estate 5. Through the spaces between adjacent rollers 9 compressed air 2 is passed. The lateral surfaces of the rollers 9 engage directly on the goods 5. The lateral surfaces may have drivers.
Besonders interessant ist die vierte Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 5. Hier sind in die Behälterwandung Druckluftdüsen eingesetzt. Diese weisen eine solche Neigung auf, dass die Druckluft 2 das Gut in Wälzbewegung versetzt.Particularly interesting is the fourth embodiment according to Figure 5. Here are used in the container compressed air nozzles. These have such a tendency that the compressed air 2 puts the material in rolling motion.
Die Druckluft wird ganz allgemein bei allen Ausführungsformen vorzugsweise im aufsteigenden Quadranten der Behälterwand zugeführt. Sie kann jedoch auch zusätzlich außerhalb dieses Quadranten durch entsprechende Perforationen eingeführt werden.The compressed air is generally supplied in all embodiments preferably in the ascending quadrant of the container wall. However, it can also be introduced outside of this quadrant by appropriate perforations.
Der Trockner gemäß der fünften Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 6 umfasst einen ersten Behälter 1. Dieser ist wiederum als liegender, langgestreckter Zylinder ausgeführt. Am Ende des Auslasses 1.2 befindet sich ein Absperrorgan 1.4. Im ersten Behälter 1 ist wiederum ein Rührer 3 vorgesehen, analog dem Rührer gemäß der Figuren 1 und 2.The dryer according to the fifth embodiment according to Figure 6 comprises a first container 1. This is in turn designed as a reclining, elongated cylinder. At the end of the outlet 1.2 is a shut-off 1.4. In the first container 1, in turn, a stirrer 3 is provided, analogous to the stirrer according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
Unterhalb des ersten Behälters 1 befindet sich ein zweiter Behälter 10. Er ist annähernd gleichlang wie der erste Behälter, im vorliegenden Falle etwas kürzer. Der zweite Behälter 10 weist einen oder mehrere Anschlüsse 10.1 als Lufteinlass auf.Below the first container 1 there is a second container 10. It is approximately the same length as the first container, in this case somewhat shorter. The second container 10 has one or more connections 10.1 as an air inlet.
Zwischen den beiden Behältern 1 und 10 befindet sich eine Zwischenwand 20. Die Zwischenwand 20 ist den beiden Behältern 1 und 10 gemeinsam und trennt diese gegeneinander ab. Zwischenwand 20 ist mit einer Vielzahl von Perforationen 20.1 versehen.Between the two containers 1 and 10 is an intermediate wall 20. The intermediate wall 20 is the two containers 1 and 10 together and separates them from each other. Partition wall 20 is provided with a plurality of perforations 20.1.
Der zweite Behälter 10 ist im Querschnitt konisch. Er ist mit Entleerorganen ausgestattet. Innerhalb des zweiten Behälters 10 befindet sich ein Förderorgan als Entleerorgan, beispielsweise eine Förderschnecke 11. Am Ende der Förderschnecke befindet sich ein Auslass 11.1.The second container 10 is conical in cross section. He is equipped with emptying organs. Within the second container 10 is a conveying member as an emptying member, for example a screw conveyor 11. At the end of the screw conveyor is an outlet 11.1.
Der Trockner gemäß Figur 6 arbeitet wie folgt: Durch den Auslass 1.1 wird das zu trocknende Gut in Behälter 1 eingeführt. Bei dem Gut kann es sich wiederum um jegliches schüttförmige Gut handeln, wie krümelartige Stoffe, Grünschnitt, Getreide, Biomasse, Kunststoffgranulat, Hackschnitzel, Faserstoffe.The dryer according to FIG. 6 works as follows: Through the outlet 1.1, the material to be dried is introduced into container 1. The good may in turn be any bulk goods, such as crumb-like substances, green waste, grain, biomass, plastic granules, wood chips, fiber.
In Behälter 1 stellt sich während des Betriebes ein gewisses Niveau des Gutes 5 ein.In container 1, a certain level of the goods 5 sets during operation.
Bei dieser wie auch bei allen anderen Ausführungsformen ist die Drehzahl des Rührers 3 einstellbar. Auch eine intermittierende Betriebsweise ist denkbar.In this as well as in all other embodiments, the speed of the stirrer 3 is adjustable. An intermittent mode of operation is also conceivable.
Der erste Behälter 1 weist an seinem stromabwärtigen Ende ein Überlaufwehr 1.5 auf. Bei allen Ausführungsformen können die folgenden Merkmale beziehungsweise Maßnahmen vorteilhaft sein:The first container 1 has an overflow weir 1.5 at its downstream end. In all embodiments, the following features or measures may be advantageous:
- dem Behälter 1 wird ein separater Lufterhitzer vorgeschaltet;- The container 1 is preceded by a separate air heater;
Behälter 1 - gegebenenfalls auch Behälter 10 - werden liegend angeordnet; die Anordnung kann horizontal sein, aber auch Neigungen von 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 ... 45 Grad sind denkbar; - der eine beziehungsweise beide Behälter werden bezüglich derContainer 1 - possibly also container 10 - are arranged horizontally; the arrangement can be horizontal, but inclinations of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 ... 45 degrees are conceivable; - The one or both containers are with respect to the
Luftzuführung sektioniert, um den Trocknungsvorgang über die Förderstrecke hinweg unterschiedlich zu beeinflussen; der Querschnitt des einzelnen Behälters kann sich über seine Länge hinweg ändern. So kann er kleiner oder größer werden.Sectioned air supply to influence the drying process across the conveyor line different; the cross-section of the single container may change over its length. So he can become smaller or bigger.
Die Figuren 7, 8 und 9 zeigen unterschiedliche Ausführungsformen des zweiten Behälters 10.FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 show different embodiments of the second container 10.
Der Trockner gemäß der fünften Ausführungsform kann folgende Vorgänge ausführen - siehe insbesondere die Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 6:The dryer according to the fifth embodiment can carry out the following operations - see in particular the embodiment according to FIG. 6:
er trocknet das Gut; er entfernt leichte Feinstoffe wie zum Beispiel Staub, und zwar zusammen mit der nach oben austretenden Abluft; - er entfernt schwere Verunreinigungen wie Sand, Erde, durch die perforierte Wand zwischen den beiden Kammern hindurch und durch den Auslass.he dries the estate; it removes light fines such as dust, together with the upwardly exiting exhaust air; - It removes heavy impurities such as sand, earth, through the perforated wall between the two chambers and through the outlet.
Das behandelte Gut ist trocken und frei von unerwünschten Bestandteilen. Es kann zu Pellets oder Briketts weiterverarbeitet werden. Es kann direkt verbrannt werden. Auch kommt eine Verwendung bei Pyrolyseprozessen in Betracht. Die aus der Erfindung resultierenden Vorteile lassen sich wie folgt zusammenfassen:The treated material is dry and free from unwanted components. It can be processed into pellets or briquettes. It can be burned directly. Also, a use in pyrolysis into consideration. The advantages resulting from the invention can be summarized as follows:
das zu trocknende Gut wird mechanisch transportiert und bestens durchmischt; das getrocknete Gut hat eine gleichmäßige Restfeuchte, und zwar sowohl über die Zeitdauer hinweg gesehen, als auch von Partikel zuthe material to be dried is mechanically transported and thoroughly mixed; the dried material has a uniform residual moisture, both over the period of time seen as well as of particles too
Partikel; auch großklumpige Schüttgüter werden verstopfungsfrei transportiert; - die Funktion des mechanischen Transportes des Gutes einerseits und die thermodynamische Trocknung andererseits sind getrennt, das heißt werden von unterschiedlichen Elementen durchgeführt. Dies erleichtert die Prozessführung; die Verweildauer des Gutes im Trocknungsbereich ist frei wählbar, sodass lange wie kurze Trocknungszeiten eingestellt werden können; die Temperatur im Trocknungsprozess ist frei wählbar; insbesondere ist das Konzept auf die Nutzung von Restenergie bei niedrigemParticle; Also bulk solids are transported without clogging; - The function of the mechanical transport of the goods on the one hand and the thermodynamic drying on the other hand are separated, that is, carried out by different elements. This facilitates the process management; the residence time of the goods in the drying area is freely selectable, so that long as short drying times can be set; the temperature in the drying process is freely selectable; In particular, the concept is based on the use of residual energy at low
Temperaturniveau zugeschnitten; das Produkt bildet ein belüftetes Festbett in der oberen Kammer, welches optimale Bedingungen für einen guten Wärmeübergang bietet; die Anlage hat verhältnismäßig kleine Abmessungen; außer dem Mischorgan gibt es innerhalb der oberen Kammer 1 keineTemperature level tailored; the product forms a ventilated fixed bed in the upper chamber, which offers optimal conditions for a good heat transfer; the plant has relatively small dimensions; except for the mixing element, there is no within the upper chamber 1
Einbauten, sodass keine Verstopfungen auftreten können; der Trockner gemäß der Erfindung kann auch zur Kühlung von Gut verwendet werden;Internals, so that no blockages can occur; the dryer according to the invention can also be used for cooling of goods;
Kammer 3 kann konisch sein, indem sie sich in Förderrichtung verjüngt oder erweitert; der Energiebedarf für die Blasluft ist gering. BezugszeichenlisteChamber 3 may be conical by tapering or widening in the conveying direction; the energy demand for the blown air is low. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
1 Behälter1 container
1.1 Einlass für das zu trocknende Gut1.1 inlet for the material to be dried
1.2 Auslass für das getrocknete Gut1.2 outlet for the dried product
1.3 Perforationen1.3 perforations
1.4 Absperrorgan1.4 shut-off device
1.5 Überlaufwehr1.5 overflow weir
2 Druckluft2 compressed air
3 Rührer3 stirrer
3.1 Rührerwelle3.1 stirrer shaft
3.2 Rührerarme3.2 Stirrer arms
5 Gut5 good
7 endloses Band7 endless tape
7.1 Rollen7.1 roles
8 Düsenplatte8 nozzle plate
9 Walzen9 rolls
10 zweiter Behälter10 second container
10.1 Anschluss10.1 Connection
11 Förderschnecke11 screw conveyor
11.1 Auslass11.1 outlet
20 Zwischenwand20 partition
20.1 Perforationen 20.1 perforations

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Trockner zum Trocknen von Gartenabfällen, insbesondere von gehäckseltem Grünschnitt und anderem schüttfähigen Gut (5), umfassend 1.1 einen langgestreckten, liegenden Behälter (1 ) mit einem im Querschnitt wenigstens teilweise runden Boden;A dryer for drying garden waste, in particular chopped green waste and other pourable material (5), comprising 1.1 an elongate, horizontal container (1) with a cross-sectionally at least partially round bottom;
1.2 der Behälter (1 ) weist an seinem einen Ende einen Einlass (1.1 ) und an seinem anderen Ende einen Auslass (1.2) für das Gut (5) auf;1.2 the container (1) has at its one end an inlet (1.1) and at its other end an outlet (1.2) for the good (5);
1.3 die Behälterwandung ist wenigstens auf einem Teil ihrer Länge perforiert; 1.4 . die Perforationen (1.3) sind an Druckluft (2) angeschlossen;1.3 the container wall is perforated at least over part of its length; 1.4. the perforations (1.3) are connected to compressed air (2);
1.5 es sind Fördereinrichtungen vorgesehen, die in einem aufsteigenden1.5 there are provided conveyors in an ascending
Quadranten an der Behälterwandung das Gut (5) ergreifen und entlang der Behälterwandung um eine gewisse Wegstrecke nach oben fördern.Quadrant on the container wall grab the good (5) and promote along the container wall by a certain distance upwards.
2. Trockner nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Perforationen (1.3) zumindest auf einem wesentlichen Teil des aufsteigenden Quadranten der Behälterwandung befinden.2. Dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that the perforations (1.3) are located at least on a substantial part of the ascending quadrant of the container wall.
3. Trockner nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Merkmale:3. Dryer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the following features:
3.1 als Förderelement ist ein endloses Band (7) vorgesehen;3.1 as a conveying element an endless belt (7) is provided;
3.2 das endlose Band (7) erstreckt sich entlang dem aufsteigenden Quadranten der Behälterwandung;3.2 the endless belt (7) extends along the ascending quadrant of the container wall;
3.3 das endlose Band (7) steht mit dem Gut (5) in Berührung; 3.4 das endlose Band (7) ist derart angetrieben, dass es Gut (5) mitnimmt.3.3 the endless belt (7) is in contact with the material (5); 3.4 the endless belt (7) is driven so that it takes Good (5).
4. Trockner nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Förderelemente eine Mehrzahl von Walzen (9) wenigstens im Bereich des aufsteigenden Quadranten angeordnet sind, und dass die Walzen derart angeordnet und angetrieben sind, dass sie Gut mitnehmen. 4. Dryer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that as conveying elements a plurality of rollers (9) are arranged at least in the region of the ascending quadrant, and that the rollers are arranged and driven so that they take goods.
5. Trockner nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Förderelemente Düsen umfassen, die wenigstens im Bereich des aufsteigenden Quadranten angeordnet und derart gerichtet sind, dass sie Gut (5) nach oben mitnehmen und ihm einen Drall verleihen.5. Dryer according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the conveying elements comprise nozzles which are arranged at least in the region of the ascending quadrant and directed so that they take good (5) upwards and give it a twist.
6. Trockner nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Druckluftdüsen die einzigen Förderelemente bilden.6. Dryer according to claim 5, characterized in that the compressed air nozzles form the only conveying elements.
7. Trockner nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 mit den folgenden Merkmalen: 7.1 mit einer zweiten Kammer (10), die sich unterhalb der ersten Kammer (1) befindet, und die wenigstens annähernd gleichlang ist wie diese;A dryer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, having the following features: 7.1 having a second chamber (10) located below the first chamber (1) and at least approximately the same length as the latter;
7.2 die erste und die zweite Kammer sind durch eine Zwischenwand (20) gegeneinander abgegrenzt;7.2 the first and the second chamber are delimited by an intermediate wall (20) against each other;
7.3 die Zwischenwand (20) ist vollständig oder teilweise perforiert; 7.4 die zweite Kammer (10) weist wenigstens einen Luftanschluss (10.1 ) auf.7.3 the partition (20) is completely or partially perforated; 7.4 the second chamber (10) has at least one air connection (10.1).
8. Trockner nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich im zweiten Behälter (10) eine Austragsvorrichtung (11) befindet, die sich in Förderrichtung des Gutes (5) in Behälter (1 ) erstreckt, und die wenigstens annähernd gleichlang ist wie diese. 8. Dryer according to claim 7, characterized in that in the second container (10) is a discharge device (11) which extends in the conveying direction of the goods (5) in container (1), and which is at least approximately the same length as this.
EP10706514.6A 2009-02-23 2010-02-18 Dryer for treating garden waste Active EP2399093B1 (en)

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DE102009010003 2009-02-23
DE102009051381A DE102009051381A1 (en) 2009-02-23 2009-10-30 Dryers for treating garden waste
PCT/EP2010/001009 WO2010094476A2 (en) 2009-02-23 2010-02-18 Dryer for treating garden waste

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BR112015016372A2 (en) * 2013-01-31 2017-07-11 Gen Kinematics Corp vibratory dryer with mixer
WO2016128801A1 (en) * 2015-02-12 2016-08-18 Sorgente Antonio Dynamic discontinuous dryer
DE102015108742B4 (en) 2015-06-02 2019-04-25 Ecolohe Ag Process and apparatus for processing organic solid fuels, in particular woodchips

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US1213962A (en) * 1915-02-15 1917-01-30 Universal Drying Machine Company Drying apparatus.
GB843705A (en) * 1957-04-05 1960-08-10 Buettner Werke Ag A drier, more particularly for material of low specific gravity
DE2924523A1 (en) * 1979-06-18 1981-01-15 Urad Predsednictva Slovenskej Processing of material by fluidisation - using fluidised bed equipped with stirrer
US6189234B1 (en) * 1998-04-08 2001-02-20 International Technology Systems, Inc. Continuous flow fluid bed dryer
DE69912393T2 (en) * 1998-11-02 2004-05-13 Kawasaki Jukogyo K.K., Kobe MULTIBAY-WIRBELSCHICHTKLASSIERER
EP1319632A1 (en) * 2001-12-13 2003-06-18 Klimapol Sp.Z O.O.J.V. Process and device for drying of sludge, in particular sewage sludge

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Title
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PL2399093T3 (en) 2017-08-31
CA2741609A1 (en) 2010-08-26
US20110258873A1 (en) 2011-10-27
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EP2399093B1 (en) 2017-04-05
CA2741609C (en) 2017-04-11

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