Classifications

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  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
  • C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
  • C08G18/78—Nitrogen
  • C08G18/79—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/791—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates containing isocyanurate groups
  • C08G18/792—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates containing isocyanurate groups formed by oligomerisation of aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic isocyanates or isothiocyanates
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  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
  • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
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  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/02—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates of isocyanates or isothiocyanates only
  • C08G18/022—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates of isocyanates or isothiocyanates only the polymeric products containing isocyanurate groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
  • C08G18/4202—Two or more polyesters of different physical or chemical nature
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
  • C08G18/4205—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups
  • C08G18/4208—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups containing aromatic groups
  • C08G18/4211—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups containing aromatic groups derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
  • C08G18/4266—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain prepared from hydroxycarboxylic acids and/or lactones
  • C08G18/4269—Lactones
  • C08G18/4277—Caprolactone and/or substituted caprolactone
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/48—Polyethers
  • C08G18/4804—Two or more polyethers of different physical or chemical nature
  • C08G18/4816—Two or more polyethers of different physical or chemical nature mixtures of two or more polyetherpolyols having at least three hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/48—Polyethers
  • C08G18/4829—Polyethers containing at least three hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/48—Polyethers
  • C08G18/4833—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
  • C08G18/6633—Compounds of group C08G18/42
  • C08G18/6637—Compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
  • C08G18/664—Compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/67—Unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/68—Unsaturated polyesters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
  • C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
  • C08G18/78—Nitrogen
  • C08G18/7806—Nitrogen containing -N-C=0 groups
  • C08G18/7818—Nitrogen containing -N-C=0 groups containing ureum or ureum derivative groups
  • C08G18/7837—Nitrogen containing -N-C=0 groups containing ureum or ureum derivative groups containing allophanate groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
  • C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
  • C08G18/78—Nitrogen
  • C08G18/7875—Nitrogen containing heterocyclic rings having at least one nitrogen atom in the ring
  • C08G18/7887—Nitrogen containing heterocyclic rings having at least one nitrogen atom in the ring having two nitrogen atoms in the ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
  • C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
  • C08G18/78—Nitrogen
  • C08G18/79—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
  • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
  • C08G18/77—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates having heteroatoms in addition to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate nitrogen and oxygen or sulfur
  • C08G18/78—Nitrogen
  • C08G18/79—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/798—Nitrogen characterised by the polyisocyanates used, these having groups formed by oligomerisation of isocyanates or isothiocyanates containing urethdione groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
  • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
  • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
  • G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
  • G02B1/04—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
  • G02B1/041—Lenses
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
  • G02C7/00—Optical parts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
  • C08G2110/0033—Foam properties having integral skins
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G2110/00—Foam properties
  • C08G2110/0083—Foam properties prepared using water as the sole blowing agent

Definitions

• hard lightfast polyurethane or polyurethane urea elastomers has already been described several times.
• polyisocyanate the industrially available aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic diisocyanates such.
• 1,6-diisocyanatohexane (HDI) 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI) and / or 2,4'- and / or 4,4 '.
• WO 1996/023827 describes transparent, high-hardness and impact-resistant polyurethaneurea compositions suitable for the production of automotive windows or safety glass, which are prepared by reacting semiprepolymers based on 4,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane with substituted 4,4'-methylenebis-anilines.
• Transparent, hard polyurethaneurea masses of good heat resistance which can serve as material for spectacle lenses, can be similarly prepared according to the teaching of WO 2000/014137 from polyurethane prepolymers based on aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic diisocyanates and at least one aromatic diamine or WO 2004/076518 Curing of isocyanate prepolymers with crosslinker mixtures consisting of hydroxy-functional polyurethane prepolymers and aromatic diamines obtained.
• the liquid at the processing temperature in solvent-free form polyisocyanates based on linear aliphatic diisocyanates such.
• low-monomer polyisocyanates based on cycloaliphatic diisocyanates provide for Swissstemeratur are solid compounds that have melting points in the range of 80 ° to 120 0 C in the rule.
• Their use as crosslinking component for light-fast polyurethane casting compounds has hitherto always been possible only with the concomitant use of large amounts of monomeric diisocyanates as reactive diluents (see, for example, DE-A 2 900 031), which in turn is associated with the occupational hygiene disadvantages discussed above.
• the new polyurethane compositions should be based on toxicologically harmless raw materials and can be processed by conventional methods, for example by simple casting by hand or with the help of suitable machines, for example according to the REvI method, to highly crosslinked, heat-resistant moldings. This problem could be solved by providing the polyurethanes or polyurethane ureas described in more detail below.
• the invention described in more detail below is based on the surprising observation that light-fast compact or foamed polyurethane or polyurethane urea bodies can be produced using trimerates of cycloaliphatic diisocyanates with solvent-free mixtures of low-viscosity HDI polyisocyanates which are distinguished by extraordinarily good mechanical and optical properties and in particular have a very high heat resistance.
• Solvent-free polyisocyanate mixtures consisting of HDI polyisocyanates, preferably HDI trimers, and polyisocyanates based on cycloaliphatic diisocyanates are also described in EP-A 1 484 350 as crosslinkers for very special solvent-free polyester polyols having a functionality of less than 3 in solvent-free coating compositions.
• these two-component systems which are used in particular for coating decorative parts with low thermal transfer, for example those in root wood optics, as they are increasingly used today in the automotive or furniture industry, the use of special polyisocyanate mixtures leads to glass transition temperatures (Tg) of over 70 ° C and thus allows any necessary repolishing the finished coated components.
• EP-A 1 484 350 also mentions reaction injection molding (RJM) in closed molds, but the publication does not contain any concrete description for the production of solid, compact or even foamed moldings exclusively the coating of suitable substrates on the subject.
• RJM reaction injection molding
• any reference to the high optical quality and excellent heat resistance of the present invention available polyurethane or polyurethane urea Due to the published concrete By way of example, it is even the case that the described low-monomer polyisocyanate mixtures cure only in combination with very specific, ether group-free polyester polyols based on aromatic carboxylic acids to give low-yellowing, hard and transparent polyurethanes.
• the present invention is the use of solvent-free, low-monomer polyisocyanate components A), which at 23 ° C, a viscosity of 2,000 to 100,000 mPas, a content of isocyanate groups of 13 to 23 wt .-% and an average isocyanate functionality of at least , 5, and to 30 to 95 wt .-% of at least one polyisocyanate AI) based on hexamethylene diisocyanate having an NCO content of 16 to 24 wt .-% and 20 to 60 wt .-% au ⁇ at least one polyisocyanate a-2) based on cycloaliphatic diisocyanates having an NCO content of 10 to 22 wt .-%, for the production of light-fast compact or foamed polyurethane and / or Poryharnstoff body.
• solvent-free, low-monomer polyisocyanate components A which at 23 ° C, a viscosity of 2,000 to 100,000
• the subject of the invention is also a process for producing light-fast polyurethane and / or polyurea body by solvent-free implementation of
• a low-monomer polyisocyanate component having at 23 ° C has a viscosity of 2,000 to 100,000 mPas, a content of isocyanate groups of 13 to 23 wt .-% and an average isocyanate functionality of at least 2.5, and the 30th to 95 wt .-% of at least one polyisocyanate a-1) based on hexamethylene diisocyanate having an NCO content of 16 to 24 wt .-% and to 5 to 70 wt .-% of at least one polyisocyanate a-2) based cycloaliphatic diisocyanates having an NCO content of 10 to 22 wt .-%, consists, with
• the invention also relates to the use of the lightfast polyurethane and / or polyurea by-products obtainable in this way for producing transparent, compact or foamed moldings.
• the polyisocyanate component A) used for the preparation of the novel lightfast polyurethane or polyurea inks is solvent-free mixtures of 30 to 95% by weight of at least one polyisocyanate a-1) based on HDI and 5 to 70% by weight of at least one Polyisocyanate a-2) based on cycloaliphatic diisocyanates.
• the polyisocyanates a-1) are the uretdione, isocyanurate, iminooxadiazinedione, urethane, allophanate, biuret and / or oxadiazinetrione group-containing derivatives of HDI, which have a viscosity of 80 at 23 ° C. to 12,000 mPas, a content of isocyanate groups of 16 to 25 wt .-%, a content of monomeric HDI of less than 0.5 wt .-% and an average isocyanate functionality of at least 2.0.
• the polyisocyanates of component a-1) are preferably HDI-based polyisocyanates of the abovementioned type with uretdione, allophanate, isocyanurate and / or iminooxadiazinetrione structure, which at 23 ° C. has a viscosity of from 100 to 1,600 mPas and a content of isocyanate groups of 18 to 24.5 wt .-% have.
• the polyisocyanates of component a-1) are particularly preferably HDI polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate groups and / or iminooxadiazinedione groups of the abovementioned type having a viscosity at 23 ° C. of from 300 to 1500 mPas and a content of isocyanate groups of 20 to 24 wt .-%.
• the polyisocyanates of component a-2) are the per se known allophanate, biuret, isocyanurate, uretdione and / or urethane group-containing polyisocyanates based on cycloaliphatic diisocyanates which are present in solid form at 23.degree have a viscosity of more than 200,000 mPas, and their content of isocyanate groups of 10 to 25 wt .-% and monomeric diisocyanates is less than 0.5 wt .-%.
• Suitable cycloaliphatic starting diisocyanates for preparing the polyisocyanate components a-2) are, for example, 1,3- and 1,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane, 1,4-diisocyanato-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,3-diisocyanato-2-methylcyclohexane, 1, 3-diisocyanato-4-methylcyclohexane, IPDI, 1-isocyanato-1-methyl-4 (3) isocyanatomethylcyclohexane, 2,4'- and 4,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane, 1,3- and 1,4- Bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane, 4,4'-diisocyanato-3,3'-dimethyldicyclohexylmethane, 4,4'-diisocyanato-S, 3'-S'-tetramethyldicyclohe
• the polyisocyanates of component a-2) are preferably compounds of the abovementioned type with isocyanurate groups which are known per se and are described by way of example in Laos et al., J. Prakt. Chem. 336, 1994, 185-200, EP-A 0 003 765, EP-A 0 017 998, EP-A 0 193 828, DE-A 1 934 763 and DE-A 2 644 684.
• the polyisocyanates of component a-2) are particularly preferably those of the type described above based on IPDI and / or 2,4'- and 4,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane with a content of isocyanate groups of 13 to 19 wt .-%.
• Very particularly preferred polyisocyanates of component a-2) are those of the type described above based on IPDI with an isocyanate group content of 15 to 18% by weight.
• Both the HDI used for the preparation of the polyisocyanate component a-1) and the stated cycloaliphatic starting diisocyanates for the polyisocyanate components a-2) can be prepared by any desired method, for example by using B. by phosgenation or phosgene-free way, for example by urethane cleavage, are produced.
• the polyisocyanate component A) present in the compositions which can be prepared or used according to the invention is prepared by simply mixing the individual components a-1) and a-2) preheated to temperatures of 30 to 240 ° in the quantitative ratio given above, preferably while maintaining a weight ratio a -1): a-2) from 90:10 to 35:65, more preferably from 80:20 to 40:60, and then stirring the mixture to homogeneity, the temperature of the mixture optionally being raised by further heating to a temperature of 30 to 140 0 C, preferably 40 to 100 0 C is maintained.
• the polyisocyanate component a-2 which is highly viscous or solid at 23 ° C.
• polyisocyanate component a-1 in the preparation of the polyisocyanate component A), is stirred into the polyisocyanate component a) used in the preparation of the polyisocyanate component A).
• cyanate component a-2) present after completion of the trimerization reaction crude solution before the thin-film distillation and separates only then from the excess monomeric cycloaliphatic diisocyanates.
• the polyisocyanate components A) are generally obtained as clear, practically colorless resins whose viscosity at 23 ° C. is preferably from 6,000 to 60,000 mPas, particularly preferably from 8,000 to 50,000 mPas, whose isocyanate group content is preferably from 15 to 22 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 16 to 21 wt .-%, and their average isocyanate functionality is preferably from 2.8 to 5.0, more preferably 3.0 to 4.5.
• the polyisocyanate component A) is low in residual monomers, since it has a residual content of monomeric diisocyanates (total of monomeric HDI and monomeric cycloaliphatic diisocyanates) of less than 1 wt .-%, preferably less than 0.5 wt .-%, more preferably less than 0.3% by weight.
• the polyisocyanate components A) described above with any lensestoffokok- en isocyanate-reactive reaction partners B) are reacted, the vorzu a mean in the sense of Isocyan2t-Addition ⁇ retress functionality of from 2 0 to 6 0 g have from 2 5 to 4 0 particularly preferably from 2.5 to 3.5.
• polyether polyols known from polyurethane chemistry, polyester polyols, polyether polyester polyols, polythioether polyols, polymer-modified polyether polyols, graft polyether polyols, in particular those based on styrene and / or acrylonitrile, polyether polyamines, hydroxyl-containing polyacetals and / or hydroxyl groups.
• aliphatic polycarbonates which usually have a molecular weight of 106 to 12,000, preferably 250 to 8,000.
• suitable reactants B) can be found, for example, in N. Adam et al .: “Polyurethanes", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Electronic Release, 7th ed., Chap. 3.2 - 3.4, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2005.
• Suitable polyether polyols B) are, for example, those of the type mentioned in DE-A 2 622 951, column 6, line 65 - column 7, line 47, or EP-A 0 978 523 page 4, line 45 to page 5, line 14 if they correspond to the statements made above in terms of functionality and molecular weight, preference being given to those polyether polyols whose hydroxyl groups consist of at least 50%, preferably at least 80%, of primary hydroxyl groups.
• Particularly preferred polyether polyols B) are adducts of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide with glycerol, trimethylolpropane, ethylenediamine and / or pentaerythritol.
• Suitable polyester polyols B) are, for example, those of the type mentioned in EP-A 0 978 523, page 5, lines 17 to 47 or EP-A 0 659 792, page 6, lines 8 to 19, provided that the above correspond to statements made, preferably those whose hydroxyl number is from 20 to 650 mg KOH / g.
• Suitable polythiopolyols B) are, for example, the known condensation products of thiodiglycol with itself or other glycols, dicarboxylic acids, formaldehyde, aminocarboxylic acids and / or aminoalcohols. Depending on the type of mixed components used, these are polythiomethane ether polyols, polythioether ester polyols or polythioether ester amide polyols.
• suitable polyacetal polyols are, for example, the known reaction products of simple glycols, such as. As diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 4,4'-dioxethoxy-di-phenyl-dimethylmethane (adduct of 2 moles of ethylene oxide with bisphenol A) or hexanediol, with formaldehyde or by polycondensation of cyclic acetals, such as. As trioxane, prepared polyacetals.
• aminopolyethers or mixtures of aminopolyethers are also very suitable as component B), ie. H. Polyether with isocyanate-reactive groups which are at least 50 equivalent%, preferably at least 80 equivalent% of primary and / or secondary, aromatic or aliphatic bound amino groups and the remainder of primary and / or secondary, aliphatically bound hydroxyl groups , Suitable such aminopolyethers are, for example, the compounds mentioned in EP-A 0 081 701, column 4, line 26 to column 5, line 40.
• amino-functional polyether urethanes or ureas are suitable as starting component B) as amino-functional polyether urethanes or ureas, as can be prepared, for example, by the process of DE-A 2 948 419 by hydrolysis of isocyanate-functional polyether prepolymers or also amino-containing polyesters of the abovementioned molecular weight range.
• isocyanate-reactive components B are, for example, those described in EP-A 0 689 556 and EP-A 0 937 110, z.
• hydroxyl-containing polybutadienes may optionally be used as component B).
• isocyanate-reactive components B) in particular polymercaptans, ie polythio, for example, simple alkanethiols such.
• Methanedithiol 1,2-ethanedithiol, 1,1-propanedithiol, 1,2-propanedithiol, 1,3- Propanedithiol, 2,2-propanedithiol, 1,4-butanedithiol, 2,3-butanedithiol, 1,5-pentanedithiol, 1,6-hexanedithiol, 1,2,3-propanetrithiol, 1,1-cyclohexanedithiol, 1, 2-cyclohexanedithiol, 2,2-dimethylpropane-1,3-dithiol, 3,4-dimethoxybutane-l, 2-dithiol and 2-methylcyclohexane-2,3-dithiol, thioether group-containing polythiols, such as.
• Preferred polythio compounds B) are polythioetherthiols and polyester thiols of the type mentioned.
• Particularly preferred polythio compounds B) are 4-mercaptomethyl-1,8,8-dimercapto-3,6-dithiaoctane, 2,5-bismercaptomethyl-1,4-dithiane, 1, 3,3-tetrakis (mercaptomethylthio) propane, 5,7-dimercaptomethyl-1,1,1-dimercapto-3,6,9-trithiaundecane, 4,7-dimercaptomethyl-1,1,1-dimercapto-3,6,9- trithiaundecane, 4,8-dimercaptomethyl-1,1,1-dimercapto-3,6,9-trithiaundecane, trimethylolpropane tris (3-mercaptopropionate), trimethylolethane tris (2-mercaptoacetate), pentaerythritol tetrakis (2 mer
• sulfur-containing hydroxy compounds are also suitable as isocyanate-reactive components B).
• isocyanate-reactive components B examples which may be mentioned here are simple mercapto alcohols, such as. B. 2-mercaptoethanol, 3-mercaptopropanol, l, 3-dimercapto-2-propanol, 2,3-di-mercaptopropanol and dithioerythritol, thioether containing alcohols such.
• isocyanate-reactive compounds B) also low molecular weight, hydroxy- and / or amino-functional components, ie. H. those having a molecular weight range of from 62 to 500, preferably from 62 to 400 are used.
• Suitable low molecular weight amino-functional compounds are, for example, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic amines and amino alcohols having primary and / or secondary bound amino groups, such as.
• aromatic polyamines in particular diamines, having molecular weights below 500, which are suitable isocyanate-reactive compounds B) are, for.
• low molecular weight amino-functional polyethers with molecular weights below 500 is also possible. These are, for example, those having primary and / or secondary, aromatic or aliphatic bound amino groups whose amino groups are optionally attached via urethane or ester groups to the polyether chains and which are accessible by known methods already described above for the preparation of higher molecular weight aminopolyether.
• sterically hindered aliphatic diamines having two amino groups bound secondarily can also be used as isocyanate-reactive components E), such as, for example,
• isocyanate-reactive components E such as, for example,
• Preferred reactants B) for the isocyanate-functional starting components A) are the abovementioned polymeric polyetherpolylols, polyesterpolyols and / or aminopolyethers,
• low molecular weight polyhydric amines in particular sterically hindered aliphatic diamines having two amino groups bound secondarily.
• Suitable reactants for the isocyanate-functional starting components A) are also any mixtures of the above-exemplified isocyanate-reactive components B). While using pure hydroxy-functional components B) pure polyurethane compositions and exclusive use of polyamines B) pure polyurea are obtained, can be prepared using amino alcohols or suitable mixtures of hydroxy with amino functional compounds as component B) polyurethane ureas in which the equivalent ratio can be set arbitrarily from urethane to urea groups.
• reaction of the polyisocyanate components A) with the isocyanate-reactive components B) is carried out while maintaining an equivalent ratio of isocyanate groups to isocyanate-reactive groups of 0.5: 1 to 2.0: 1, preferably 0.7: 1 to 1.3: 1, more preferably from 0.8: I to 1.2: 1.
• auxiliaries and additives C such as catalysts, blowing agents, surfactants, UV stabilizers sators, foam stabilizers, antioxidants, mold release agents, fillers and pigments.
• Amines such as Triethylamine, tributylamine, dimethylbenzylamine, diethylbenzylamine, pyridine, methylpyridine, dicyclohexylmethylamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, N, N, N ', N'-tetramethyldiaminodiethyl ether, bis (dimethylaminopropyl) urea, N-methyl or N-ethylmorpholine, N-cocomo ⁇ holine, N-cyclohexylmorpholine, N, N, N ', N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, N, N, N', N'-tetramethyl-1,3-butanediamine, N, N, N ' , N'-tetramethyl-1,6-hexanediamine, pentamethyldiethylenetri
• Triethanolamine triisopropanolamine, N-methyl- and N-ethyl-diethanolamine, dimethylaminoethanol, 2- (N, N-dimethylaminoethoxy) ethanol, N, N ', N "-tris- (dialkylaminoalkyl) hexahydrotriazines, eg N, N' , N "-tris- (dimethylaminopropyl) -s-hexahydrotriazine and / or bis (dimethylaminoethyl) ether; Metal salts, such as.
• Tetraalkylammoniumhydroxide such as. Tetramethylammonium hydroxide
• Alkali hydroxides such as. For example, sodium hydroxide and alkali metal such as. As sodium methylate and potassium isopropylate, and alkali metal salts of long-chain fatty acids having 10 to 20 carbon atoms and optionally pendant OH groups.
• Preferred catalysts C) to be used are tertiary amines and tin compounds of the type mentioned.
• the catalysts mentioned by way of example can be used singly or in the form of any mixtures with one another in the preparation of the lightfast polyurethane and / or polyurea compositions according to the invention and optionally in amounts of 0.01 to 5.0% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 2 wt .-%, calculated as the total amount of catalysts used based on the total amount of the starting compounds used, for use.
• blowing agents suitable for this purpose are, for example, volatile organic substances, such as, for example, acetone. clay, ethyl acetate, halogen-substituted alkanes, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, ethylidene chloride, vinylidene chloride, monofluorotrichloromethane, chlorotrifluoromethane or dichlorodifluoromethane, butane, hexane, heptane or diethyl ether and / or dissolved inert gases, such as nitrogen, air or carbon dioxide.
• volatile organic substances such as, for example, acetone. clay, ethyl acetate, halogen-substituted alkanes, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, ethylidene chloride, vinylidene chloride, monofluorotrichloromethane, chlorotrifluoromethane or dichlorodifluoromethane, butane
• a chemical blowing agent C ie blowing agents which form gaseous products due to a reaction, for example with isocyanate groups, for example, water, water containing hydration, carboxylic acids, tertiary alcohols, eg. As t-butanol, carbamates, for example, in EP-A 1 000 955, in particular on pages 2, lines 5 to 31 and page 3, lines 21 to 42 described carbamates, carbonates, eg. As ammonium carbonate and / or ammonium bicarbonate and / or Guanidincarbamat into consideration.
• a blowing effect can also by adding at temperatures above room temperature with elimination of gases, such as nitrogen, decomposing compounds, eg.
• surface-active additives C) can also be used as emulsifiers and foam stabilizers.
• Suitable emulsifiers are, for example, the sodium salts of castor oil sulfonates or fatty acids, salts of fatty acids with amines, such as. As diethylamine or diethanolamine stearic acid. Also alkali or ammonium salts of sulfonic acids, such. B. of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acids, fatty acids, such as. As ricinoleic acid, or polymeric fatty acids, or ethoxylated nonylphenol can be used as surface-active additives.
• Suitable foam stabilizers are, in particular, the known, preferably water-soluble, polyether siloxanes, as described, for example, in US Pat. No. 2,834,748, DE-A 1 012 602 and DE-A 1 719 238.
• the allophanate-branched polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene copolymers obtainable according to DE-A 2 558 523 are also suitable foam stabilizers.
• emulsifiers and stabilizers which may optionally be used in the process according to the invention can be used either individually or in any desired combination with one another.
• the bodies obtained from the polyurethane and / or polyurea compositions which can be prepared or used according to the invention are already distinguished as such, ie without the addition of appropriate stabilizers, by a very good lightfastness. Nevertheless, in their manufacture if appropriate, UV stabilizers (light stabilizers) or antioxidants of the known type are used as further auxiliaries and additives C).
• Suitable UV stabilizers C) are, for example, piperidine derivatives, such as.
• piperidine derivatives such as.
• Salicylklarephenylester salicylic acid-4-tert-butylphenyl ester and salicylic acid 4-tert-octylphenylester, Zimtklareesterderivate, such as. B. ⁇ -cyano-.beta.-methyl-4-methoxycinnamate, ⁇ -cyano-.beta.-methyl-4-methoxycinnamate, ⁇ -cyano-.beta.-phenylcinnamate and ⁇ -cyano-.beta.-phenylcinnamic acid isooctylester, or malonate derivatives, such as. B.
• Suitable antioxidants C) are, for example, the known sterically hindered phenols, such as. As 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (ionol), pentaerythritol tetrakis (3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate), octadecyl-S- ⁇ S-di-tert-butyl-hydroxyphenyi-propionate, triethylene glycol bis (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) propionate, 2,2'-thio-bis (4-methyl-6- tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-thiodiethyl-bis [3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], which are used both individually and in any combination with one another.
• 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (ionol) pentaery
• auxiliary agents and additives C which may be used are, for example, cell regulators of the type known per se, such as, for example, cell regulators.
• Paraffins or fatty alcohols the known flame retardants, e.g. Tris-chloroethyl phosphate, ammonium phosphate or polyphosphate, fillers such.
• the per se known internal mold release agents dyes, pigments, hydrolysis protectants, fungistatic and bacteriostatic substances.
• Said auxiliaries and additives C which may be used, may be admixed with both the polyisocyanate component A) and / or the isocyanate-reactive component B).
• the polyisocyanate component A) is reacted with the isocyanate-reactive component B), optionally with the concomitant use of the abovementioned auxiliaries and additives C), in solvent-free form in the abovementioned NCO / OH ratio mixed with the aid of suitable mixing equipment and by any methods, in open or closed forms, for example by simple pouring by hand, but preferably by means of suitable machines, such as.
• the starting components A) and B) to reduce the viscosities optionally to a temperature of up to 120 ° C, preferably up to 100 0 C, more preferably up to 90 0 C, preheated and optionally degassed by applying a vacuum.
• the polyols which are thus prepared from the polycluels prepared or usable in accordance with the invention can be used as additives xcu ⁇ lx xvux ljl / X / _fuii, jLxcivxx a time of 2 to 60 min, be removed from the mold.
• polyurethane and / or Polyharnstoffkö ⁇ er are suitable for a variety of different applications, such as for the production of or as glass replacement discs, such.
• the polyurethane and / or polyurea compositions obtainable or usable according to the invention are also very particularly suitable for producing dimensionally stable optical components, for example lenses or collectors , as they are used as intent optics in LED lights or automotive headlights.
• polyurethane and / or polyurea compositions which can be used according to the invention in combination with suitable blowing agents also allow the production of bodies from yellowing-resistant or hard integral foams resistant to yellowing.
• the NCO contents were determined titrimetrically in accordance with DIN EN ISO 11909.
• the residual monomer contents were measured according to DIN EN ISO 10283 by gas chromatography with an internal standard.
• the glass transition temperature Tg was determined by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) with a Mettler DSC 12E (Mettler Toledo GmbH, Giessen, Germany) at a heating rate of 10 ° C / min.
• Shore hardnesses were measured according to DIN 53505 using a Shore hardness tester Zwick 3100 (Zwick, DE).
• Isocyanurate group-containing HDI polyisocyanate prepared on the basis of Example 11 of EP-A 330 966, with the change that 2-ethylhexanol instead of 2-ethyl-l, 3-hexanediol was used as the catalyst solvent.
• Polyisocvanate al-ID isocyanurate- and iminoxadiazinedione-containing HDI polyisocyanate prepared on the basis of Example 4 of EP-A 0 962 455, by trimerization of HDI using a 50% strength solution of tetrabutylphosphonium hydrogen difluoride in isopropanol / methanol (2: 1) as catalyst, reaction stop at an NCO content of the crude mixture of 43% by addition of dibutyl phosphate and subsequent separation of the unreacted HDI by thin-layer distillation at a temperature of 130 0 C and a pressure of 0.2 mbar.
• Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) is trimerized according to Example 2 of EP-AO 003 765 to an NCO content of 31.1% and the excess IPDI by thin film distillation at 170 ° C / 0, l mbar away.
• a Isocyanuratpolyisocyanat obtained as a nearly colorless solid resin having a melting range of 100 to 110 0 C.
• the solid polyisocyanates of type a2) based on cycloaliphatic diisocyanates were coarsely crushed and placed in a reaction vessel at room temperature together with the liquid HDI polyisocyanate type al) under N 2 atmosphere. To dissolve the solid resin and homogenize the mixture was heated to 100 - 140 0 C and stirred until a nearly clear solution was obtained. It was then cooled to 50 0 C and filtered through a 200 mu filter. Table 1 below shows compositions (parts by weight) and characteristics of the polyisocyanates thus prepared.
• Polyetherpolyolgemisch consisting of equal parts by weight of a tri-methylol propane started polypropylene oxide polyether having an OH number of 1029 mg KOH / g and a viscosity (23 ° C) of 8100 mPas and a trimethylolpropane started ethylene oxide polyether having an OH number of 550 mg KOH / g and a viscosity (23 0 C) of 505 mPas.
• the test specimens were tested for their mechanical and optical properties.
• Shore hardness of a sample heated to 80 ° C. was measured and the difference to the Shore hardness of the same sample measured at room temperature was calculated.
• the test results can also be found in Table 2.
• the polyisocyanate components used according to the invention as crosslinkers for casting compounds AI to AV both in combination with polyester polyols based on aromatic carboxylic acids (Examples 1 to 5) and in combination with aliphatic polyester polyols (Example 6) and polyether polyols (Example 7) very hard casting compounds with excellent heat resistance and high optical transparency.
• the potting compound from Example 1 was poured into a heatable mold (195 ⁇ 290 ⁇ 4 mm) with the aid of a laboratory dosing device under the conditions given in Table 3.
• Example 2 A test specimen prepared according to Example 1 was exposed to a white LED exposure at a sample temperature of 90 ° C. at a distance of 2 mm.
• Table 6 shows the evolution of transmission, hue (CIE-Lab values) and yellowness index (YT) over the exposure period.
• CIE-Lab values hue
• YT yellowness index
• the high and unchanged in time transparency ( ⁇ 90% transmission) and the low yellowing demonstrate the excellent suitability of erf ⁇ ndungsgemis- sen polyisocyanates for the production of elastic casting compounds for the encapsulation of light emitting diodes.
• the catalyzed polyol mixture so obtained was mixed with 50 parts by weight of the polyisocyanate component A-IV, corresponding to an equivalent ratio of isocyanate to hydroxyl groups of nat disability 1.05: 1 tempered, device by means of a laboratory Zweikomponentendosiermisch- in a 70 0 C closed aluminum mold measuring 10 x 250 x 350 mm, whose inner walls were pretreated with a non-silicone-based release agent, Acmos 30-2411 (Acmos Chemie KG, DE), and registered to a density of 0.6 g / cm 3 compacted. The free density of the foam was 0.220 g / cm 3 .

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