EP2354320A1 - Paved area device with integrated stones - Google Patents

Abstract

The device (1) has a carrier (8) movably mounted with natural stones (19) through a connecting element, where the carrier is formed as a grill or net and made of metal or plastic wire or rope and the connecting element is formed as adhesive. The carrier is mounted on underground, and an earth textile (6) is arranged between the carrier and the underground. The natural stones are connected with an intermediate support that is connected between the carrier and another connecting element. The connecting element is extended to the natural stones.

Description

The invention relates to a device for fixing surfaces, in particular in the field, in particular for the permanent protection of earthworks or walls.

For supporting embankments or slopes also in waters, so-called gabions, i. Stone filled wire baskets in use. Such gabions are relatively popular. However, care must be taken that the outer wire skeleton is not exposed to abrasive wear. If the surface of the holding wires is damaged, they can rust through. This leads to drastically shortened service life.

For loose embankments alternatively applicable loose rock fillings are then not applicable for slope attachment or stabilization, if, at least occasionally, high water flows or also bed loadings can be expected. Such loads are no match for loose fillings.

On this basis, it is an object of the invention to provide an improved protective device that can be applied, for example, to earthworks such as embankments, riverbeds or on walls.

According to the invention, the surface fastening device comprises bricks, which are each provided with at least one connecting element for attachment to a carrier. By the connecting element, the respective stone can be personalized be attached to the carrier in question. The surface to be protected is then covered with such stones, each stone being connected by at least one connecting element to the support arranged behind the stones. The connecting element preferably produces a permanently at least somewhat mobile connection between the stone and the carrier. As a result, the stone can at least move slightly in the installed state of the surface fastening device on the support and thereby adapt, for example, to settlement movements, flow effects or the like. At the same time the stone covers the preferably flexible carrier and thus protects it from abrasion, corrosion or other damage. If necessary, further unpaved stones, gravel, sand or the like may be arranged between the individually fastened stones.

The carrier may for example be formed by a grid formed of rods or wires. This can have welded connections or other connections at the crossing points. Alternatively it can be provided as a carrier, a network, in particular a wire mesh. The wire may be a metal wire, a plastic wire or a plastic coated metal wire. The network consists for example of a wire mesh with single polygonal, for example, square or hexagonal mesh. The net may additionally comprise ropes, e.g. bare or covered wire ropes or other ropes or consist of such.

The carrier, ie the grid or the net are attached to the desired substrate, for example, the soil of a slope. This can be done by means of ground anchors or similar means. Optionally, an earth textile can be arranged between the carrier and the ground. This may be, for example, a suitable, non-rotting fleece, a plastic fabric, a glass fiber fabric or the like. It is preferably water permeable, but prevents rinses or leaching of soil. Instead of Erdtextils can also be a fine-meshed wire mesh, for example, find from a wire application, which is thinner than the wire or other material from which the carrier consists.

The connecting means for fixing the stones may be formed by connecting elements in the form of plastic parts or metal parts, e.g. Be formed wire bending parts. These can preferably be embedded in the back for attachment of the stones. For this purpose, the stones may be provided with a bore or opening into which one end of the connecting element is inserted. The end of the connecting element is then secured to or in this bore. For this purpose, the end can be glued into the opening. As the adhesive, a thermosetting epoxy resin can be used. It is also possible to anchor the ends of the connecting elements by a latching connection in the stone.

The other end of the connecting element is connected directly or indirectly to the carrier. For direct connection, for example, it may be connected to the grid or network that forms the carrier. Alternatively, an intermediate carrier can be provided, for example in the form of a grid or other carrier of manageable size (of, for example, 1 × 1 m), to which a plurality of stones are anchored. This intermediate carrier is then connected at the place of use with the grid attached to the ground.

The connecting means for fixing the stones may alternatively be formed by adhesive. For example, each stone may be individually bonded to the carrier. Has the stone has a substantially flat rear side, this can be glued to the carrier, for example in the form of a net, for example along several lines of glue by means of strip-shaped adhesive beads or individual adhesive spots.

The connecting element may be designed such that it produces a releasable connection between the stone and the carrier. The connecting element and the stone, however, are preferably permanently connected to one another. The releasable connection of the connecting element to the carrier can be done for example by snap hook, by rigid, by resilient or deformable brackets. The connecting element can be linked, knotted or bent together with the carrier.

As "stone" in particular at the place of installation or in the vicinity of the same found stones, such as large river pebbles or pending broken chunks as well as artificial stones, for example, mineral-bound concrete blocks or plastic-bonded concrete blocks (polymer concrete) or plastic body, glass body, porous Elements, shells made of water permeable, eg porous material or water-impermeable shells serve.

Shores of waters can be fastened, for example, with the surface fastening device according to the invention. The corresponding embankment can be first straightened and optionally provided with a suitable substrate, for example, gravel, gravel or sand. If the vegetation is to be preserved, this step can be omitted. It is then, if desired, the above Erdtextil and then the carrier attached to the substrate.

• Figur 1 ein Gewässer mit erfindungsgemäßer Flächenbefestigungseinrichtung an einem Ufer, in schematischer Querschnittsdarstellung,
• Figur 2 einen Stein der Flächenbefestigungseinrichtung, in schematischer Querschnittsansicht,
• Figur 3 einen Träger für Steine nach Figur 2,
• Figur 4 einen Zwischenträger zur Aufnahme von Steinen nach Figur 2 und zur Befestigung an einem sonstigen Träger,
• Figur 5 eine alternative Ausführungsform eines Steins und seines Verbindungselements, in schematischer Querschnittsdarstellung,
• Figur 6 eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Verbindungselements, in perspektivischer Darstellung, und
• Figur 7 ein Gewässer mit einer anderen Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Flächenbefestigungseinrichtung an einem Ufer, in schematischer Querschnittsdarstellung.

The stones, when the carrier is attached to the ground, may already be attached to the carrier. Alternatively, the bricks may have been attached to the support after it has been attached to the ground, to which supports are attached directly or by an intermediate support. Factory pre-fabricated, provided with stones subcarrier are particularly in difficult to access installation situations of advantage. In addition, the prefabrication achieves high productivity. Compared to conventional devices such as gabions or conventional retaining walls, the cost of producing, in particular with regard to the required earthworks is significantly lower. It can be worked largely without diverting any existing water. Due to the slim design, which is made possible by the flexible mechanical individual attachment of the stones, the embankment slope can be kept significantly flatter using the invention than in conventional buildings. Further details of advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the description of the drawings or claims. The description is limited to essential aspects of the invention and other conditions. The drawing reveals more details and is complementary. Show it:

• FIG. 1 a body of water with surface fixing device according to the invention on a shore, in a schematic cross-sectional representation,
• FIG. 2 a stone of the surface fastener, in a schematic cross-sectional view,
• FIG. 3 a support for stones after FIG. 2 .
• FIG. 4 an intermediate carrier for receiving stones after FIG. 2 and for attachment to another Carrier,
• FIG. 5 an alternative embodiment of a stone and its connecting element, in a schematic cross-sectional view,
• FIG. 6 a further embodiment of a connecting element, in perspective view, and
• FIG. 7 a body of water with another embodiment of a surface fastening device according to the invention on a bank, in a schematic cross-sectional representation.

In FIG. 1 is a cross section of a creek illustrated at the embankment of a surface fastener 1 is attached. This extends from the upper edge 2 of the bank down to the water body 3. If required, the surface fastening device 1 can also extend over the water body 3. In the present embodiment, the water body sole 3 is covered only with a riprap 4, which may partially extend to the surface fastening device 1. At its upper edge, the surface fastening device 1 may extend to a Einbindegraben 5 formed on the shore 2. This can take up the upper edge of a Erdtextils 6, which extends down over the slope 7 to the water body 3. The earth textile may be, for example, a nonwoven fabric made of synthetic fibers, a woven fabric, a non-woven or woven fabric made of mineral fibers, or the like. It serves to secure fines of the embankment 7. The earth textile 6 is applied in a first step on the slope 7 and fixed there, for example, with pegs or with rock nails. On the Erdtextil 6 is a support, for example in the form of a grid or network of wire or plastic arranged. As wire material can be found high strength, preferably galvanized steel, stainless steel or the like.

The carrier 8 is preferably a sheet-like, mesh-containing structure that covers the slope 7 and is secured by suitable anchor 9 stationary. Such anchors 9 are, for example, in FIG. 1 schematically indicated self-drilling anchor 10, 11, 12, which are driven into the embankment 7 and the carrier 8 protrude and hold by corresponding anchoring plates 13, 14, 15. The anchoring plates 13, 14, 15 are larger than the mesh of the carrier 8 and thus hold it on the Erdtextil. 6 firmly. The trained as a grid or network support 8 serves the slope protection. It prevents the emergence of individual earth bodies between the anchors 9. The selection and dimensioning of the anchors 9 takes place depending on the respectively encountered subsoil conditions, ie the soil type, the cohesion, the superposition with loose rock, the skin friction, the friction angle as well as static and dynamic load data, such as slope slope, slope top loading, hydraulic parameter, etc. Thereafter, the appropriate anchoring system is selected and also the length and diameter of the anchor rod, anchorage depth and anchor placement and anchor spacing are set.

The carrier 8 in the form of a steel wire net is in FIG. 3 separately illustrated. It may have polygonal, for example, hexagonal bounded meshes, each bounded by the wire material of the carrier 8. At this wire material 16 or to the network 8 forming the carrier 8 straight through anchoring wires 17 fasteners 18 are attached to which stones 19 are held, as for example in FIG. 2 is illustrated. The exemplified there connecting element 18 is formed as a wire bending part. At one end 20, an eyelet 21 is formed, which can be applied to one of the connecting wires 17 or the wire material. For this purpose, the eyelet 21 may have a leg 22 which runs past the other leg of the eyelet 21 at a small distance. The distance may be greater than the diameter of the anchoring wire 17 or slightly smaller than the same, to effect a certain locking effect during application.

The connecting element, starting from the eyelet 21 or a similar structure substantially by a formed straight wire section which extends into an opening or bore 23 of the stone 19 inside. The end of the connecting element 18 located in the bore 23 is secured in the bore by a suitable fastening means, such as a suitable adhesive 24 or potting material or the like. As the adhesive, an epoxy resin adhesive, for example, a two-component adhesive find application.

If the stone is made of an imageable material, e.g. concrete or plastic, the connecting element can also be formed in the stone 19, e.g. be poured.

The stone 19 may be a natural stone or an artificial stone. It can be a mineral body or a plastic-bound body. It can be regular or irregular in shape. It may have a broken or hewn or even smooth shape and be made by breaking, hewing, pressing or casting. The size can range from a few centimeters to several decimeters.

The stone 19 may be connected to the carrier 8 by a single anchoring element 18 or by a plurality of similar or similar anchoring elements. As FIG. 1 shows, form similar stones 19, each as in FIG. 2 illustrated by anchoring elements 18 are attached to the support 8, a protective shield to cover the carrier 8 and to protect against abrasion. The stones 19 have no static function. In the waters entrained flotsam, especially at high flow speed entrained stones are prevented from scrubbing on the support 8 and rub and this to harm. In order to prevent such damage, the bricks 19, which are suitable as water bricks, are mounted in front of the supporting structure, ie, in front of the support 8. The connecting element 18 used for this purpose ensures a permanent tensile connection. The strength and life of the stones 19 of the connecting means 24, the connecting elements 18 and the carrier 8 are coordinated and according to the specifications of the entire project.

Between the stones 19, grit, fine grit, rock sand, humus soil, humus soil with organic binder and / or growth accelerator or the like can be incorporated. These materials are present in particular at the back of the stones 19 and in the joints between these stones 19. Thus, the stability of the position of the individual stones 19 in front of the carrier 8 is increased. In addition, the fastest possible greening is achieved. Greening can capture the entire newly created slope surface as described or even just a part of it. In particular, plants can come into use which achieve a high degree of rooting and thus increase the stability of the embankment. In addition, the plants can be used to extract moisture from the soil by evaporation in order to achieve a biological bank protection in addition to the technical protection. The presented surface fastener 1 offers good conditions for the Wiederbegrünung. In particular, a fast greening and permanent embankment protection is achieved by the direct water leading connection between the grown soil and the green support system.

The surface fastener 1 according to the invention is stable by anchoring by means of tensile force transmitting anchors 9 even when submerged. The protection of the carrier network 8 from abrasion increases the service life. The construction is water permeable. In particular, the surface fastening device can be used in standing or even flowing waters or in waters with varying water levels, such as on canals, pumped storage or dams.

The establishment of the presented surface fastener is done with low construction costs, low material costs and little effort on earthworks. The construction is flexible. By factory pre-fabricated elements a high degree of mechanization and a short construction time can be achieved. An adaptation to existing vegetation is possible. Between the stones 19 existing joints provide habitat for microorganisms.

The embodiment of the surface fastening device 1 described so far can be modified. For example, between the designed as a flexible mesh or grid support 8 and the stones 19, a flexible or rigid intermediate carrier 25 are arranged, as it FIG. 4 is apparent. This intermediate carrier may be formed, for example, square with an edge length of 1m x 1m. The intermediate carrier 24 may be formed by a plastic grid or a steel wire grid, for example, at the crossing points point welded, galvanized steel rods or wires. At the mesh limiting wires or rods 26, the connecting elements 18, as described above, be suspended and secured. Such an intermediate carrier 25 may be industrially prefabricated and, if necessary, be pre-equipped with appropriate stones. Such an intermediate carrier 25 then forms a prefabricated attachment element. A stack of such attachment elements can be brought from the prefabrication to the site and designed there and connected to the carrier 8, whereby the bank attachment quickly and efficiently is buildable.

The intermediate carrier 25 may be formed relatively stiff. It can be attached to the serving as a carrier 8 network or other structures, such as walls, walls or the like to protect them. The intermediate carrier 25 can also be installed in front of existing gabions to protect the gabions. In these cases, the intermediate carrier 25 then forms the actual support for the stones 19. However, it is also possible to use the gabion existing grid structure for fixing the stones. In this case, the individual stone, which are provided in one of the ways explained above, each with at least one connecting element, grounded to the gabion outer grid. For example, The fasteners are hooked into the grid, bent around its bars, intertwined, knotted or otherwise connected.

The attachment of the stones 19 may, as mentioned, by adhesive or cast resin or mechanically done, as it FIG. 5 illustrated. It is introduced into the stone 19 an undercut opening, as is possible with special drill or by milling tools. The connecting element 18 can then be formed by a corresponding eyelet 27, whose two legs are bent over to form barbs 28, 29. These can be supported on an undercut inner shoulder of the opening 23.

Alternatively, the stones could be glued directly and, if desired, without the aid of any intermediate elements to the carrier 8.

In addition, it is possible, in particular for the detachable connection of the connecting element 18 with the carrier 8 or the intermediate carrier 25, carabiner 30 use. These can be designed as simple bent wire parts such as FIG. 6 illustrated. The snap hook 30 is formed by a first U-shaped bent piece of wire wherein one of its two legs 31, 32 is bent at one end again U-shaped to form a receiving slot 33 for receiving the straight straight leg 31.

The advantage of such an embodiment is that prefabricated stones 19, which are provided with holes 23 and in the holes 23 glued fasteners 18, manually by appropriate staff on site very easily on a anchored to the embankment network (carrier 8) can be attached ,

As FIG. 7 shows, all or some of the stones 19 may be cup-shaped. Such stones 34 may be formed of the same material as the stones 19 or of another material. For example, the stones 19 may be made of natural stone, while the stones 34 are, for example, concrete moldings, plastic moldings or the like. With regard to the type of attachment of the stones 34, the statements apply to the attachment of the stones 19 accordingly. In particular, the stones 34 may be artificial stones, for example mineral-bonded concrete blocks or plastic-bound concrete blocks (polymer concrete) or plastic body, glass body, porous elements, shells of water-permeable, eg porous material or waterproof material. The shells may be elongated trough-like shells or round shells in the form of conical pots, for example. The stones 34 can serve to settle and receive plants 35.

For the attachment of shores or other Erdbauobjekten is on the surface to be protected first off Wires, wire ropes, rings or other elements existing mesh having fabric, such as a wire mesh, attached as a carrier 8. For anchoring the anchor 9 and the carrier 8 represent the mechanical attachment of the embankment. For the protection of the network or support 8 this is pre-set a layer of stones 19, the stones 19 by means of mechanical fasteners 18 with the carrier 8 are connected. The connecting elements 18 are preferably anchored in the back of the stones mounted holes. Between the stones a fouling substrate and a fouling can be attached.

reference numeral

1

Surface mounting means

2

shore

3

river bottom

4

riprap

5

anchoring trench

6

Erdtextil

7

embankment

8th

carrier

9

anchor

10,11,12

self-drilling

13,14,15

anchoring plates

16

wire material

17

anchor wires

18

connecting element

19

stone

20

The End

21

eyelet

22

leg

23

drilling

24

connecting means

25

subcarrier

26

Wires or rods

27

eyelet

28, 29

barb

30

carabiner

31, 32

leg

33

slot

34

cupped stones

35

plants

Claims (10)

Surface fastener (1), in particular for permanent protection of earthworks or walls,
with a plurality of bricks (19) each secured to a support (8) by at least one connecting means (18). Surface fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier (8) is designed as a grid or mesh. Surface fastener according to claim 2, characterized in that the carrier (8) made of metal or plastic wire or rope is formed. Surface fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier (8) on a substrate (7) is attached. Surface fastener according to claim 5, characterized in that between the carrier (8) and the substrate (7) a Erdtextil (6) is arranged. Surface fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that the stones (19) on the support (8) are movably held. Surface fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that as connecting means a connecting element (18) is provided which extends into the stone (19). Surface fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting element (18) is cast into the stone, glued, screwed or locked with this. Surface fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that an adhesive is provided as the connecting means. Surface fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that the stones (19) are connected to an intermediate carrier (25) which can be connected to the carrier (8) or to another element.

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