EP2335941B1 - Réglage de dureté par agent d'humification - Google Patents

Réglage de dureté par agent d'humification Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2335941B1
EP2335941B1 EP10194685.3A EP10194685A EP2335941B1 EP 2335941 B1 EP2335941 B1 EP 2335941B1 EP 10194685 A EP10194685 A EP 10194685A EP 2335941 B1 EP2335941 B1 EP 2335941B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hardness
dampening solution
conductivity
container
dampening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10194685.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2335941A1 (fr
Inventor
Dietger Hesekamp
Robert Holtwick
Thomas Wolf
Alexander Graf
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Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
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Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
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Publication of EP2335941A1 publication Critical patent/EP2335941A1/fr
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Publication of EP2335941B1 publication Critical patent/EP2335941B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N3/00—Preparing for use and conserving printing surfaces
    • B41N3/08—Damping; Neutralising or similar differentiation treatments for lithographic printing formes; Gumming or finishing solutions, fountain solutions, correction or deletion fluids, or on-press development
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/0054—Devices for controlling dampening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F7/00—Rotary lithographic machines
    • B41F7/20—Details
    • B41F7/24—Damping devices
    • B41F7/26—Damping devices using transfer rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F7/00—Rotary lithographic machines
    • B41F7/20—Details
    • B41F7/24—Damping devices
    • B41F7/32—Ducts, containers, or like supply devices for liquids

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for processing a dampening solution of a wet offset printing machine.
  • Printing presses use a number of process tools. z.
  • offset printing machines that are operated in wet offset require, in addition to the printing ink, a process water, the so-called dampening solution or fountain solution.
  • the fountain solution used is intended to wet the non-printing areas of the printing plate and thus prevent ink acceptance in these areas.
  • a common composition of dampening solution is a proportion of more than 80% by volume of water, up to 10% by volume of chemical additives and up to 15% by volume of isopropanol.
  • the largest part of the dampening solution is therefore formed by water.
  • the water hardness and thus the hardness of the dampening solution depend essentially on the calcium and magnesium content.
  • the chemical additives serve, inter alia, to lower the surface tension to a pressure-technically favorable range, containment of microorganism formation by means of biocides, prevention of corrosion on steel components of the printing press by means of corrosion inhibitors, etc.
  • the isopropanol has, among other things, a viscosity-increasing and a surface tension-lowering effect. Isopropanol is more volatile than other dampening solution components, so that can result from uneven evaporation of isopropanol and other fountain solution components, especially at higher temperatures, a change in the mixing ratio in the dampening solution.
  • the dampening solution composition in particular the proportion of isopropanol, must therefore be monitored on the one hand and readjusted accordingly.
  • alcohol substitutes are added to the dampening solution instead of the isopropanol, which cause a reduction in the surface tension.
  • dampening water circulation treatment plants are usually provided, in which z. As floating parts are filtered out, the isopropanol content is controlled and adjusted and in which the dampening solution is heated.
  • dampening solution which is essential for print quality, is the pH of the dampening solution.
  • the pH and conductivity of fountain solution are adjusted by mixing ion exchange resins and fountain solution in a container. With sensors, the conductivity and the pH are continuously measured. Based on the measured values, the inflow quantities of the resins are provided. Details for determining the manipulated variables are not disclosed.
  • the US 2004/002 5723 A1 describes a dampening solution supply with a mixing chamber of a metering pump.
  • the mixing chamber is fed at least two concentrated solutions and fountain solution.
  • the pH value, the conductivity and the surface tension of the combined dampening solution are monitored, which will not be discussed further.
  • the DE 102004017054 discloses a method for moistening a printing form which also comprises a treatment of a dampening solution. there the salt content in the dampening solution is measured and, when a nominal value is exceeded, desalinated fresh water is supplied.
  • Water hardness is a conceptual system of applied chemistry that has evolved from the needs of using natural water with its dissolved ingredients.
  • water hardness refers to the equivalent concentration of the ions of the alkaline earth metals dissolved in the water, but in special contexts it also refers to their anionic partners.
  • the "hardeners” include mainly calcium and magnesium and traces of strontium and barium.
  • the dissolved hardeners can form insoluble compounds, especially lime and so-called lime soaps. This tendency to form insoluble compounds is the reason for the attention that led to the emergence of the concept and theory system around water hardness.
  • Excessive hardness of the dampening solution can cause problems during printing.
  • limescale deposits can cause the paint rollers to run in a cold state, cause deposits on the rubber blanket or clog the lines in the dampening solution circuit.
  • Blank running of the inking rollers conventionally means that certain areas of the inking rollers assume no printing ink or less ink than desired. This can be z. B. be the case when calcium salts such. As lime, calcium citrate or similar substances deposited on the ink rollers, so that the surface of the ink rollers is ink repellent in these areas.
  • the lime components of the water can also influence the pH value and the electrical conductivity of the dampening solution.
  • the pH value and the conductivity are also influenced by appropriate dampening solution additives, and in the case of alcohol-free printing by the alcohol substitutes. But too low a hardness of dampening solution has a negative effect on the printing process. Because in this case, the dampening solution can be too "aggressive" and z. B. have corrosive properties. in the Ideally, the dampening solution has a water hardness of 8 ° dH to 12 ° dH (German hardness) and a pH of 4.8 to 5.5.
  • the water hardness is determined in the prior art prior to the addition of additives.
  • test strips are used to determine the total hardness.
  • the most well-known method of determining the total hardness is the complexometric titration with an aqueous solution of the disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) of known concentration.
  • EDTA forms soluble, stable chelate complexes with the hardness formers Ca2 + and Mg2 +.
  • 100 ml of the water sample to be tested are mixed with 2 ml of 25% ammonia solution, a pH 11 buffer (ammonia ammonium acetate) and the Eriochrome Black T indicator.
  • the indicator with the buffer is available as so-called "indicator buffer tablets”.
  • the indicator forms a red-colored complex with the Ca2 + and Mg2 +. If these ions are bound by the EDTA at the end of the titration, the eriochrome black T is free and is colored green.
  • the carbonate hardness is determined by the hydrochloric acid binding capacity (SBV).
  • SBV hydrochloric acid binding capacity
  • For this purpose, for. B. Titrate 100 ml of the water with hydrochloric acid (c 0.1 mol / 1) to pH 4.3 (pH meter or envelope of Methylorangelndikator). Here, (almost) everything carbonate and bicarbonate is converted to "free carbonic acid”. The acid consumption in ml therefore corresponds to the bicarbonate concentration in m / l. The multiplication by 2.8 gives German degrees of hardness (° dH).
  • a ready-applied dampening solution with the desired fountain solution hardness, the desired pH and the corresponding additives is usually filled into a dampening solution reservoir and fed from this in the dampening solution circuit of a printing press.
  • a problem is to keep constant the properties of the attached dampening solution and in particular the water hardness during printing. Because of the rollers of the dampening unit hardness-forming ions from the paper coating and from the ink itself reach the dampening water circuit, so that the hardness of the fountain solution during the printing process depends on the paper used, the colors, the printing speed, etc. increases.
  • the hardness of the dampening solution thus converges towards a much higher value and can easily reach values in the range between 20 ° and 30 ° dH. With these degrees of hardness, a stable printing process is no longer possible.
  • the hardness of the fountain solution is measured directly by the method mentioned above by ion-selective electrodes or a titration device. Such measurements, however, are very difficult to perform in the harsh environment of a printing press under production conditions in turbid dampening solution in the tank of a running printing press and not suitable to automate the process of dampening solution in terms of adjustment and / or regulation on optimal degrees of hardness for printing.
  • the object of the invention is to develop a method for preparing dampening solution of a wet offset printing machine, with which the determination of the hardness of the dampening solution is particularly easy, especially in the environment of a printing press.
  • the hardness of the dampening solution in the dampening solution reservoir is thus determined for the purpose of conditioning the dampening solution in the sense of keeping or reducing the hardness of the dampening solution to a desired value by measuring the conductivity of the dampening solution and according to a predetermined formulaic or tabular relationship between the hardness and the conductivity of the dampening solution is converted into a hardness value.
  • the increase or decrease in the hardness of the dampening solution during printing can then be compensated for by replacing used or removed dampening solution with dampening solution which has a lower or greater hardness. In this case, the amount and / or the degree of hardness of the supplied dampening solution with lower or greater hardness from the conductivity measurements and the formula or tabular context determined.
  • the procedure is such that value pairs of conductivity measured values and hardness values determined in the laboratory are determined in advance and then used for the hardness control after appropriate conversion.
  • the value pairs are obtained in such a way that the dampening solution is purposefully hardened or softened in certain stages.
  • dampening solution is suitably removed from the dampening solution reservoir, passed through an ion exchanger and then fed back to the container.
  • the amount of fountain solution removed can be determined from the measured increase in conductivity and the formulaic or tabular relationship between conductivity and hardness. This measure can be done in addition to the reduction of hardness in the fresh water feed.
  • FIG. 1 shows a sheetfed offset press with a feeder 1, four printing units 2 to 5 and a boom 6.
  • each printing unit 2 to 5 are a plate cylinder 7, a transfer cylinder 8 and a printing cylinder 9.
  • Each plate cylinder 7 is a dampening unit 10 assigned.
  • the dampening solution 12 is conveyed by a pump 14 from a container 15 to the dampening units 10. Feeding agent 12 that has not been consumed during printing passes from the dampening units 10 back into the container 15 via return lines 16. Used dampening solution 12 is replenished via a line 17.
  • a metering device 100 is used for the addition of dampening solution additives.
  • the valve 20 controls the fresh water inlet and is connected to a corresponding fresh water connection 122.
  • the valve 21 is connected to a pump 23 which delivers fount solution additives from a container 24.
  • the fresh water connection 122 is connected to a mixing valve 124, into which two lines 123, 122 lead.
  • the one line 123 is with a fresh water inlet which supplies tap water having about 12 ° dH.
  • the line 122 is connected to a water tank of a reverse osmosis system (not shown here) containing salt-free water, which consequently has 0 ° dH.
  • the fresh water in the line 122 may alternatively be hardened osmosis water, ie water of hardness 0 ° dH, targeted in a hardening system and defined on z. B. 12 ° dH was cured.
  • the dampening solution (12) promotes an ion exchange circuit 26.
  • the pump 25 is followed on the pressure side by a fine filter 27 for filtering out dirt, suspended particles, etc., as well as an ion exchanger 28.
  • the ion exchanger 28 replaces hardness-forming calcium and magnesium ions from the dampening solution by sodium ions.
  • the fountain solution 12 is prepared in the container 15 and the relationship between conductivity LF and hardness dH is calculated.
  • a next step 36 the entire emptied and cleaned system is filled with dampening solution 12.
  • the valves 20, 21 are opened by means of the control device 33 and the pumps 14, 23 put into operation.
  • the mixing valve 124 is set to supply fresh water having a hardness of 10 dH.
  • the conductivity value of the fresh water measured by the conductivity sensor 30 in the fresh water inlet 18 from the sensor 30 serves as "incoming goods control" in order, for. B. incorrectly adjusted in terms of hardness fresh water.
  • increasing the hardness by 1 ° dH leads to a conductance increase of the order of magnitude of 30 ⁇ S / cm.
  • a hardened to 10 ° dH osmosis water has a conductivity of about 300 ⁇ S / cm in the rule. This water is added by means of a metering device 100, an additive in the order of 4% vol. The additives contained therein contribute significantly to the conductivity.
  • this addition leads to a conductance in the order of 1,000 to 1,200 ⁇ S / cm, depending on the dosage and the additive used itself. This conductance is measured by the sensor 31.
  • the dampening solution so freshly prepared is fed to the dampening solution reservoir 15 and is usually cooled to a temperature in the range between 10 and 14 ° C.
  • the amount of liquid introduced into the system during the first filling is measured and a value for the total volume of the dampening solution 12 in the container 15 is stored by the computer 34 of the control device 33.
  • the prayerleitening solution (12) in the container 15 for checking if necessary again measured.
  • an associated hardness value (HA) is determined in a step 39.
  • the hardness is determined and stored according to the titration method mentioned in the beginning. This step can be dispensed with if the hardness of the fresh water inlet 18 is known or has been verified via the sensor 30 and the dampening solution additives which are supplied via the line 19 do not contain hardness-forming ions.
  • the fountain solution 12 in the container 15 for example, defined by hardened by 1 ° dH. This hardening takes place by defined addition of calcium carbonate and optionally other constituents of the paper coating to dampening solution 12.
  • the conductivity is measured a second time in the next step 42 with the sensor 32.
  • the associated hardness values are also determined (step 43) and stored with the associated conductivity values (xi) as value pairs (xi, yi) in the control device 33 (step 44).
  • the computer 34 in the control device 33 knows three additional value pairs (xi, yi) apart from the output value pair (LFA and HA), from which then the mathematical relationship for a differential increase in hardness at measured differential conductivity increase (step 46).
  • ⁇ LF ca are the conductance fractions of hardness-forming ions added by the printing, and ⁇ LF son the other constituents which do not contribute to the hardness but increase the conductance by printing.
  • the ion exchanger 28 replaces the hardness-forming ions by z.
  • ions For example, sodium ions.
  • LF 3 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ LF 2 + 1 ⁇ 4 ⁇ LF 2 - LF ca + ⁇ ⁇ LF ca + LF ion
  • the bracketing term takes into account that additional conductivity contributions LF ion are added to the measured conductivity LF 2 before the softening by the exchanged sodium ions, but the conductivity contributions LF ca from the new formulation of the dampening solution and the conductivity contributions of the fountain solution added by the printing hardness-forming ions ⁇ LF ca are eliminated in this softened quarter of the fountain.
  • the factor 1 - b a is characteristic of the ion exchanger used.
  • the measured value LF 4 differs from the previously discussed measured value LF 3 which the sensor 32 sees, since the latter does not notice the effect of the ion exchanger 28 until significant portions of the dampening solution have already been softened by the ion exchanger 28.
  • ⁇ LF ca can be directly calculated, namely by using the measured values LF 4 from the sensor 132 and LF 2 , ie the measured value of the sensor 32 shortly before the beginning of the softening process. A volume analysis is not required at this point.
  • the controller 33 will allow the pump 25 to run until the computer 34 reports that the measured values of the sensor 32 are just under ⁇ LF ca below or above the last leading value ⁇ LF 2 measured before softening.
  • the pump 25 is turned off by the controller 33, the last measured conductance LF 2 - .DELTA.LF ca is newly correlated as a new start value LFA with the now again achieved target hardness of 10 ° dH and during the printing process, the sensor 32 on New queries are then asked when the progressive conductance increase due to the introduction of hardness-forming ions requires a new softening cycle.
  • Example 5 At the beginning of the continuous pressure, the inflow of fresh water is converted to osmosis water via the valve 123, i. H. trailing fresh dampening water is produced by providing the osmosis water from the line 122 via the metering device 100 with fountain solution additives and then fed via the line 17 to the container 15. There are no hardness-forming ions in this freshly flowing dampening solution. Accordingly, the hardness of the dampening solution in the container 15 alone by the on the return line 16 coming from the immersion baths of the dampening 10 hardness-forming z. B. maintained calcium ions that have migrated into the fountain.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
  • Rotary Presses (AREA)
  • Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé de traitement d'une solution de mouillage d'une machine d'impression offset humide, dans lequel pendant l'exécution d'un travail d'impression, la dureté de l'agent de mouillage (12) d'un récipient (15) est maintenue constante ou modifiée, la dureté de l'agent de mouillage étant déterminée dans le fait que la conductivité de l'agent de mouillage est mesurée et est convertie selon un rapport défini par une formule ou un tableau entre la dureté et la conductivité de l'agent de mouillage en une valeur de dureté et la modification de la dureté de l'agent de mouillage est compensée lors de l'impression dans le fait que l'agent de mouillage consommé ou prélevé est remplacé par une solution de mouillage, qui présente une dureté inférieure ou supérieure, la quantité et/ou la dureté de l'agent de mouillage ajoutée avec une dureté plus élevée ou plus faible étant définie à partir des mesures de conductivité et de la relation tabulaire ou de la formule, et en ce que pour la détermination de la relation de formule entre la dureté et la conductivité de l'agent de mouillage avant ou pendant un travail d'impression en cours des paires de valeurs de conductivité et de dureté sont déterminées et mémorisées par le durcissement ou ramollissement ciblé soit qu'une quantité prédéterminée de l'agent de mouillage est passée à travers un échangeur d'ions et à partir des valeurs indicatives mesurées (L2, L3) avant l'enlèvement de la quantité de solution de mouillage et après le rajout de la quantité ramollie de l'agent de mouillage, il est déterminé et stocké un rapport différentiel entre l'augmentation et la diminution de la conductivité et l'augmentation et la diminution de la dureté différentielle entre l'augmentation ou la diminution de conductivité et de dureté ([ΔdHCA).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce
    que si l'entrée d'ions de dureté dans l'eau de mouillage à partir du papier de l'encre imprimé est inférieure à l'entrée d'ions de dureté à partir de l'alimentation en eau de mouillage à la valeur souhaitée de dureté qui doit être réglée dans le récipient (15), la dureté de l'eau fraîche entrante est réduite en dessous de la valeur de consigne.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce
    pour le réglage de la dureté de l'eau alimentée, l'eau fraîche est mélangée à de l'eau osmosée dans un rapport prédéterminé ou l'eau osmosée n'est pas durcie ou que partiellement.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce
    que dans le cas où la proportion d'ions de dureté à partir du papier imprimé ou de l'encre d'impression est supérieure à la proportion d'ions de dureté dans l'amenée d'eau fraîche pour une valeur théorique de la dureté qui doit être réglée dans le récipient (15), l'agent de mouillage est retirée hors du récipient (15 ), est guidé par l'intermédiaire d'un échangeur d'ions (28) et est ensuite ramené à nouveau dans le récipient (15), la quantité d'agent de mouillage, qui doit être retirée, est déterminée à partir de l'augmentation mesurée de la conductivité et de la relation de la formule ou tabulaire.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4,
    caractérisé en ce
    qu'autant l'agent de mouillage est retiré hors du récipient (15), est guidé par l'échangeur d'ions (28) et est ramené de nouveau au récipient (15), que la dureté de l'eau fraîche entrante est réduite en supplément en dessous de la valeur de consigne.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 4 à 5,
    la conductivité de l'eau de mouillage étant mesurée en plusieurs endroits, à savoir au moins dans le récipient (15) ou dans l'entrée du récipient (15) au dispositif de mouillage de la machine d'impression et dans la conduite de retour de l'échangeur d'ions (28) au récipient (15), et éventuellement dans le conduit (18) pour l'approvisionnement en eau fraîche.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6,
    la proportion (ΔLFca) des ions de dureté provenant du papier imprimé ou de l'encre d'impression étant déterminée à partir d'une comparaison des valeurs de mesure de conductivité (LF2, LF4) aux différents endroits (32, 132).
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 4,
    pour le calcul de la dureté de l'agent de mouillage dans le récipient (15) après un cycle d'adoucissement, les valeurs mesurées (LF2, LF3) du capteur (32), qui mesure la conductivité de l'agent de mouillage dans le récipient (15), et les volumes de l'agent de mouillage (1/n) dirigé à travers l'échangeur d'ions (28) et l'ensemble de l'agent de mouillage (n-1)/h contenu dans le récipient (15) et dans le circuit d'agent de mouillage (11, 16) étant pris en compte.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 4 à 8,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les proportions, que l'échangeur d'ions fournit pour la conductance, sont déterminées de manière spécifique pour l'échangeur thermique et sont utilisées pour le calcul des proportions de valeurs de conductance (ΔLFca) qui ressortent du papier imprimé et/ou de l'encre par apport d'ions de dureté.
  10. Dispositif pour le traitement d'un agent de mouillage (12) d'une machine d'impression offset humide, comprenant un récipient (15) pour l'agent de mouillage (12), depuis lequel sont alimentés les dispositifs de mouillage (10) de la machine d'impression, une arrivée d'eau fraîche (18), un doseur (100) pour les additifs d'agents de mouillage, un ou plusieurs capteurs de conductivité (30-32, 132) pour mesurer la conductivité de l'agent de mouillage (12), une ou plusieurs pompes (25) et/ou une ou plusieurs soupapes (mélange) (20, 124) pour l'enlèvement de l'agent de mouillage (12) hors du récipient (15) et le retour (29) de l'agent de mouillage après une modification de la dureté de l'agent de mouillage ou de l'amenée d'agent de mouillage avec une dureté modifiée par rapport à la dureté de l'agent de mouillage dans le réservoir (15), un dispositif de commande (33) pour commander la/les pompe(s) et la/les soupapes (E) ainsi qu'une unité de calcul (34), qui reçoit les valeurs de mesure de conductivité du ou des capteur(s) de conductivité et qui calcule à partir des valeurs mesurées de la conductivité (LF2, LF3, LF4), les valeurs réelles de l'agent de mouillage (12) pendant l'impression selon une relation par formule ou par tableau entre la dureté et la conductivité de l'agent de mouillage, qui a été déterminée, dans le fait qu'avant ou pendant une tâche d'impression en cours des paires de valeurs de conductivité et de dureté étant déterminées et mémorisées par un durcissement et un adoucissement ciblés pour un travail d'impression couples de valeurs de conductivité et de dureté sont déterminées et stockées par durcissement ou ramollissement ciblée ou qu'une quantité prédéterminée de l'agent de mouillage est guidée par un échangeur d'ions et à partir de la conductance mesurée (L2, L3) avant le retrait de la quantité de solution de mouillage et après rajout de la quantité de l'agent de mouillage adouci une relation différentielle entre la diminution de la conductivité et la diminution de la dureté (ΔdHca) étant déterminée et stockée, les pompes (25) et/ou des vannes (20, 124) du dispositif de commande (33) étant actionnable conformément à la valeur de dureté calculée ou de sa par rapport à une valeur théorique de dureté.
EP10194685.3A 2009-12-18 2010-12-13 Réglage de dureté par agent d'humification Not-in-force EP2335941B1 (fr)

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DE102009058852 2009-12-18

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EP2335941A1 EP2335941A1 (fr) 2011-06-22
EP2335941B1 true EP2335941B1 (fr) 2014-02-26

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US (1) US20120312178A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2335941B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2013514203A (fr)
CN (1) CN102712189A (fr)
DE (2) DE102010054345A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011072830A1 (fr)

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FR2993820B1 (fr) * 2012-07-24 2015-09-04 Dongqiang Song Procede de preparation d'une solution de mouillage utilisee directement sans alcool isopropylique dans une presse offset equipee a l'eau
JP2017508990A (ja) * 2014-03-06 2017-03-30 ザ ボード オブ リージェンツ オブ ザ ユニバーシティー オブ テキサス システム 流体の導電率を計測するための方法および装置
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EP3059086B2 (fr) 2015-02-23 2021-01-27 Kraft-Schlötels GmbH Système de filtration de presses

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CN102712189A (zh) 2012-10-03
JP2013514203A (ja) 2013-04-25
DE102010054346A1 (de) 2011-06-22
EP2335941A1 (fr) 2011-06-22
DE102010054345A1 (de) 2011-06-22
US20120312178A1 (en) 2012-12-13
WO2011072830A1 (fr) 2011-06-23

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