EP2309091A1 - Active spacer - Google Patents

Abstract

The glazing has vitreous material sheets placed side by side and separated by a peripheral spacer. The spacer delimits an intermediate gaseous or empty space between the sheets. Flexible contact zones between the spacer and the sheets are placed in contact using resin. The spacer is made of different material or specifically treated same material so as to confer favorably oriented reaction to mechanical, thermal and/or chemical load.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention defines the use of a multiple glazing spacer whose characteristics allow an increase in the lifetime combined with a decrease in the quantities of materials used and a facilitated implementation essentially for complex shapes.

The present invention is based on a preliminary model obtained using a calculation model to define with a high degree of accuracy the amount of water vapor that penetrates a sealed system of double glazing according to its configuration and its materials. This modeling was confirmed by test results.

The lifetime of double or multiple glazing is, in the current state of the art, less than the time estimated by the properties of the materials used.

A double glazing generally consists of two vitreous plates held at a distance by an interlayer. Between the interlayer and the vitreous plates are applied two barriers, a seal consisting of Butyl, called "sealing material" and a mechanical, called "resin" or "sealing material", whose role is primarily to limit deformation of the first.

This model of calculation, property of the inventor, calculates the permeance, that is to say the quantity of water which penetrates through the two seals according to their physical and mechanical properties and especially under the loads simulated solicitations.

• 1 °- en système statique,
• 2°- sous charge (provoquée principalement par la dilatation de la lame d'air à haute température et les dilatations différentielles),
• 3°- en mode détérioré si les limites de travail sont dépassées.

The model calculates the transmission of water vapor through the watertight barriers:

• 1 ° - in static system,
• 2 ° - under load (caused mainly by the expansion of the air gap at high temperature and the differential dilatations),
• 3 ° - in deteriorated mode if the working limits are exceeded.

• 1 °- adhérence des matériaux sur les différentes interfaces,
• 2°- propriétés mécaniques à haute température, généralement non considérées,
• 3°- coefficient de dilatation des interfaces différentes,
• 4°- mise en forme des intercalaires - réalisation des angles et raccord des profils difficile,
• 5°- mise en forme des intercalaires pour les formes complexes : vitrages courbes - vitrages en forme,
• 6°- perméabilité des matériaux superposés (résine/étanchement) au niveau de déformations calculées.

This modeling made it possible to determine the different origins of deviation of the observed and measured results compared to the expected performances:

• 1 ° - adherence of the materials on the different interfaces,
• 2 ° - high temperature mechanical properties, generally not considered,
• 3 ° - coefficient of expansion of the different interfaces,
• 4 ° - layout of the dividers - realization of the angles and connection of the difficult profiles,
• 5 ° - formatting of dividers for complex shapes: curved glazing - shaped glazing,
• 6 ° - permeability of superimposed materials (resin / sealing) at calculated deformations.

All of these parameters have a critical influence on the final performance of the insulating glass, which generally limits the service life to periods of 15 to 25 years, while the design of the materials should provide a durable assembly for more than 50 years.

The penetration coefficient, Index I, defined in EN 1279, is limited to 20% (1/5 life) and represents a service life of 4 to 5 years.

The aging cycle considers a water vapor load of 1344 hours at 53 ° C and 95% relative humidity. Either a water pressure difference of 110 mmHg (consider 100% RH for hot bearings to compensate for periods of lower temperature but residual relative humidity) between the inside and the outside of the blade. air. The permeability of butyl is of the order of 0.1 to 0.15 g of water / m ² of joint per 24 hours per mm of mercury and per mm of thickness at 55 ° C (measured according to the methodology described in standard EN 1279 - 4, but at 55 ° C ). The exposure area of a standard size double glazing is 350 mm * 502 mm, which is 1.72 m perimeter.

• 0.5*2 (2 interfaceS)*10^-3 *1.72 = 1.72,10.^-3 m² (fig.1).

The thickness of the butyl between the glass and the interlayer is generally 0.5 mm, ie:

• 0.5 * 2 (2 interfaceS) * 10 ^-3 * 1.72 = 1.72.10. ^-3 m ² ( fig.1 ).

The amount of water crossing the double barrier should be 0.35 g of water (an I index of 0.7%).

It is common to measure 10 to 20 times more and this difference is even greater if the aging cycle is repeated several times, that is to say if the materials have suffered irreversible damage. These phenomena also limit the use of double or triple glazing for critical configurations a reaction in the seal of 1 kg / cm linear.

Thanks to the invention, values of 0.03 to 0.05 gram (index I <0.1%) of water are reached even with much greater stresses in the sealing system (shaped glazing and / or curved glazing 90 °), which makes it a great innovation and pushes the current limits of use of the sealing systems of double glazing.

This result means that it is enough to put in a double glazing 350 * 500 mm, 2 grams of desiccant to give it a life equivalent to the commonly used assemblies. By way of comparison, a current conventional double glazing contains 40 to 60 g of desiccant.

The present invention is based on the definition of a plural assembly interlayer, that is to say which combines the optimal properties necessary to obtain a double glazing having a durability of more than 50 years while decreasing the amount of material to be used from 30 to 50%.

The principle is to make a glazing interlayer made of several materials and / or several parts of the same material, each promoting the performance required to obtain the ideal product.

The interlayer consists of an assembly of stainless steel profiles - galvanized steel, aluminum or any other metallic mineral or organic material having the necessary properties, the assembly of the profile sections is crimped, glued or welded.

The interlayer may also consist of the same material but some parts have been treated (mechanically, chemically or thermally) to promote deformability in a certain direction and make the profile more rigid in a desired direction.

The profile is simple and light, with a core deported to the center of the glazing so as not to leave the connection area between the beginning and the end of the profile too close to the edge of the glazing.

It has been observed that even with spark welds, the gas permeability (argon) of double glazing suffers from this connection. The gap between the glass and the watertight profile should be kept to a minimum to reduce the path of water vapor (butyl thickness).

The soul or the souls of the profile must be as close as possible to its inner edge in order to favor its bending.

"Butyl" resists tensile deformation limited to its limit of variation of section, given by its coefficient of fish at the risk of not remaining intact and to reveal discontinuous zones. This phenomenon is visible on classic double glazing where butyl "Scallops" or "migrates" towards the inside of the glazing after solicitations.

The bonding mastic must have a sufficient Young's modulus, in order to limit the deformation of "butyl", at low temperature but also at high temperature (55 ° C). This type of product is not really available on the market except for a few rare products with a high degree of crosslinking.

A principle adopted in the invention is to reduce the height of the bonding fibers while keeping the conventional sealants.

The periphery of the glazing allows at best ventilation of the seal which is sensitive to submerged stays.

The profile is flexible to reduce damage during its implementation but resists compression. This point is very important for close-fitting systems.

The expansion of the air gap causes pressure in the cavity of the double glazing. This pressure causes deformation of the glass panels which are held together by the peripheral seal ( Fig. 2 ).

This deformation causes a rotation around the steep axis of the spacer - the core of the interlayer - the invention allows to take advantage of this action on the seal and the protective reaction on butyl.

The thickness of butyl is the most important where its deformation is also.

The formatting of the interlayer is easy, with access from both sides of the souls. The wings can thus be maintained during the shaping of the angle, the risk of deformation, cracks during the production are removed.

The "butyl" keeps at least one free side so that it can deform correctly according to its Poison coefficient (for example, Fig. 3 ). This type of butyl profile does not allow a uniform and maximum deformation during its solicitation.

The invention overcomes all the disadvantages mentioned and meets the requirements while simplifying the concept. It also makes it possible to use this type of assembly for any type of insulating glazing, planar, triple, shaped or curved.

In the example, Fig. 4, 5 , 6 and 7 , the movement of the waterproof barrier is easily understandable.

Efforts usually transmitted to organic materials are mainly supported by metal parts with high fatigue resistance.

The rotation of the profile can be facilitated by using one or more internal parts of the dynamic "souls" made with a material with a higher coefficient of expansion in red.

The critical effort for the lifetime of complex double glazing (shapes, curves, ...) is the expansion of the gas strip under the thermal effect. The invention takes advantage of the thermal effect to initiate a backup movement of the sealing material, by differential expansion of part of its components.

• exerce un effort sur les parties internes des ailes qui amorcent une rotation externe, ce qui diminue la déformation du matériau d'étanchement.
• « Pré-tensionne » le mastic de scellement afin de supprimer l'inertie plastique des matériaux élastomères (appelés faussement tassement des échantillons lors des essais de traction, un élastomère n'est élastique que sous tension dynamique).

Differential expansion:

• exerts a force on the inner parts of the wings which initiate an external rotation, which reduces the deformation of the sealing material.
• "Pre-tension" the sealant to remove the plastic inertia of elastomeric materials (called mocking of samples during tensile tests, an elastomer is elastic only under dynamic tension ).

The central parts of the spacer are optionally constituted by a bimetallic strip, that is to say an assembly of two different materials of coefficient of expansion. The two materials may be for example Invar and Zinc, or aluminum and PVC. In the case of invar and zinc, the wing closes more than 0.15 mm at 60 ° C (considering an assembly temperature of 20 ° C). If the distance between the glass sheet and the end of the profile flange was 2 mm, the assistance conferred by the bimetallic strip would be from 10% to 25%, which is considerable for a material whose limit of deformation is between 40 and 50%.

The invention makes it possible to use a double glazed assembly for situations of extreme temperature (> 60 ° C) and more specifically if the glass sheets are stiff (in shapes, thick or curved).

Interlayer geometry variants can be imagined, with or without bimetallic assistance.

A particularly innovative example of the invention is described by the Figures 8, 9, 10 and 11 .

An internal bimetallic strip consisting of a complex of annealed aluminum and PVC, very ductile, receives the sealing barrier. It is previously fixed mechanically, by waterproof riveting without adding material or gluing, head spade with a more rigid profile galvanized steel or a bimetallic zinc / invar, for example.

This configuration makes it possible to assemble glazings whose flatness tolerances are greater (curved glass for example). The ductile and low permeability material (annealed aluminum, for example) is deformed in contact with the irregularity waves and the crushing of the ductile profile is limited by the core of the inverted lower inverted profile, in order to maintain the thickness of the minimal sealing material.

Another particularity of the invention is the economy of constituent materials.

• Butyl = -10 à + 20%
• Scellement = - 50 à 60%.
• Espaceur = -10% à + 25%.
• Déshydratant = à durée de vie équivalente - 70%.

For a classic application in 15 mm of air space, the material gains are as follows:

• Butyl = -10 to + 20%
• Sealing = - 50 to 60%.
• Spacer = -10% to + 25%.
• Desiccant = with equivalent lifespan - 70%.

• Une ligne d'assemblage automatique est réduite en cadence par le poste de dépose du mastic de scellement. Plus l'espace d'air utilisé est important, plus le temps nécessaire à l'encollage du bord est important.

The most important economic element of the invention is as follows:

• An automatic assembly line is reduced in time by the sealant dispensing station. The larger the air space used, the more time it takes to glue the edge.

It is easy to estimate the productivity gain thanks to this invention: where it is necessary to extrude 80 ml of sealant for sizing a conventional interlayer, 25 ml suffice thanks to the invention. This means that the production capacity can be multiplied by 3 with some adaptations on upstream positions.

A classic double glazed assembly line assembles from 600 to 800 m ² of double glazing per 8 hours. The invention makes it possible to increase, with light investments, the productivity to more than 2000 m ² !

The free or crisscrossed space on the back of the spacer allows air to circulate more freely in the applications in conventional assembly with drained pan.

This space also makes it possible, during the application of the sealant, to free the excess deposited in the corners.

When gluing, the gluing head must stop and - rotate 90 ° - and restart. With a conventional interlayer, during this operation, there is a slight excess of mastic that overflows. This excess imposes a successive robotic operation or generally manual reading. The free groove allows the excess sealant to escape through a slight opening of the angle.

The peripheral empty groove of the double glazing, accessible from the outside, may also be useful for hanging the glazing on a supporting structure or improving and facilitating the installation of preformed or extruded seal for edge-to-edge mounting.

The invention also refers to a triple glazed assembly, according to the following schematic diagram. ( Fig. 12 )

The principle is to keep only two gluing planes and especially to allow the two chambers, thus created, to balance their pressures through a central support pad with high permeability to air and gases.

This configuration considerably reduces the stresses and especially the shear forces observed in conventional bonding joints. Thanks to this pressure balance, the inner glass can be much thinner also because it is less stressed.

Another known phenomenon is the saturation of the desiccant salt used in the workshop in order to reduce the amount of water contained in the insulating gas blade and to avoid condensation phenomena.

The conventional interleaves are preformed and usually filled with dehydrating salt a few minutes to a few hours before closing and sealing the insulating glass. It is easy to understand that there is a great risk of assembling unfinished interleaves the next day.

The invention, thanks to its high performance, makes it possible to concentrate the desiccant material in a small reservoir that is easy to store in a dry atmosphere and to put in the gas strip, a few seconds before the closing and sealing of the multiple glazing.

Another particularity of the invention is the possibility of introducing a valve of over or under pressure into the interlayer. This calibrated valve, can let escape the overpressure caused by the expansion of the air in case of excessive temperature or vice versa. This invention is particularly interesting for industrial applications. The peculiarity is that the glazing remains watertight between the selected pressure variations. The connection to the atmosphere can be done through a removable desiccant cartridge.

Vacuum glazing.

The advantageous property of a window whose space between the two sheets of glass is evacuated has already been detailed in the glass publications.

This application is envisaged, to date, with welded glass periphery fastenings = fused under the effect of a LASER or other heat source, or metallized glass type techniques and welded.

• 1 °- nécessité de refroidir le verre lentement après ce choc thermique (cycle de « recuisson »),
• 2°- fragilisation irréversible des surfaces traitées mécaniquement et physiquement (les couches de basse émissivité éventuelle sont détériorées, les microfissures fragiliseront les bords de verre). La résistance du panneau verrier ne peut résister aux tensions importantes directement transmises sur le bord de verre.

These methods are very restrictive for glass panels:

• 1 ° - need to cool the glass slowly after this thermal shock ("annealing" cycle),
• 2 ° - irreversible embrittlement of mechanically and physically treated surfaces (the layers of possible low emissivity are deteriorated, microcracks weaken the edges of glass). The strength of the glass panel can not withstand the significant stresses directly transmitted on the edge of glass.

The coefficients U of the current double glazing are 1.1 with 15 mm of argon, triple glazing, with a double chamber of argon of 34 mm, 0.6-0.5 in flat or curved glass with double emissivity layer of 0.03.

A double glazing consisting of two glass panels separated from a vacuum of 5 mm at 10 ^-3 bar, with an emissivity layer of 0.03 has a U-value of 0.2.

The emissivities of 0.03 are currently available, but the layers remain sensitive to sudden transformations (glass welding for example).

In the present experimental methods, the space between the glass panels under vacuum is maintained by spacing pads spaced from 15 to 50 mm. The effect of this thermal bridge pejore the coefficient U from 0.15 to 0.5 W / m ^2. ° K

• un assemblage en vitrage double,
• éventuellement un assemblage feuilleté,
• la mise sous vide,
• le scellement du produit final.

The invention makes it possible to achieve in a single phase:

• a double glazed assembly,
• possibly a laminated assembly,
• the evacuation,
• the sealing of the final product.

The principle is to use an interlayer as defined in the invention and the detail ( fig 13 ). A rigid spacer of suitable expansion coefficient (simple or variable) to this application, is positioned between two sheets of glasses. A resin complex is positioned between the profile and the glazings.

• étanchéité à l'eau,
• étanchéité à l'air et aux gaz,
• résistance mécanique et résistance aux charges statiques de longue durée.

The adhesive complex must have the following properties:

• waterproofness,
• air and gas tightness,
• mechanical resistance and resistance to static loads of long duration.

The complex may consist of two or more materials or one.

Ethyl vinyl acetate, EVOH (ethyl vinyl alcohol) or even an ionomer of Sentry glass plus type from Dupont can be envisaged.

The glazing thus positioned is packaged in a waterproof pocket and resistant to application. 10 ^-4

The bag is evacuated to a level of 10 ^-4 bar or 0.1 mbar. The whole is heated to a temperature <250 ° C in order to cause the fusion and to develop the adhesion of the thermo-fusible materials. The vacuum is maintained continuously.

The interlayer with possibly bimetal ( Fig. 14 ), will react with the temperature and exert a vacuum force against the periphery, which will reduce the space between the glass and the profile at that location. Between the profile portions, a plastic sealing material is inserted into the hollow of the V sealing resin. Under vacuum and with the effect of temperature, the spacer of the multiple glazing "activates" and extrudes the sealing material, at the appropriate places ( Fig. 15 and 16 ).

Pressure can also be exerted outside the vacuum bag.

The cycle is over, so is the product.

This technique allows the use of all current layers, aesthetic or insulating.

The space between the windows will be maintained by visible or non-visible spacing points. The two glass panels can be flat, curved, planar and curved or spherical in the opposite way. This last description, is interesting because it reduces or even cancel the number of spacing pads on the central part. The shape of the two opposite shells will resist all the better the deformation created by the vacuum.

The two opposite shells will be deformed by the vacuum and the glass panel will be prestressed in compression. The glass accepts values of 1000 MPa before rupture. A 1 * 1 m panel, with a shell deformity of 10 mm, can be made under vacuum without a distance pad or optionally with a central pad for lower preliminary shell deformation.

The static stresses generated in the corners have been modeled and are acceptable with appropriate pretreatment of the glass panels.

The "durability of vacuum" is also provided by the invention.

The permeability to nitrogen (80% in air) of EVOH, for example, is 0.0016 ml / mm ² / day.

A vacuum double glazing of 1 m ² , will have a perimeter of 4 meters, a profile glass space of 0.05 mm * 2 is 4.10 ^-4 m ² .

• Tps : 365*20 =7300 jours.
• N₂ =0.0016 *4.10^-4m^2*7300 jours/8 mm = 0.00058 ml d'azote.

For 20 years, an 8 mm wide joint will let in:

• T: 365 * 20 = 7300 days.
• N ₂ = 0.0016 * 4.10 ^-4 m ^{2 *} 7300 days / 8 mm = 0.00058 ml of nitrogen.

The vacuum chamber will have a volume of, e.g., 5 mm * 1 m ² is 5.10- ³ m ^3.

The vacuum is achieved at 10 ^-4 bar and the insulation will be maintained to a level of 10 ^-3 bar, or 0.001-0.0001 = 0.0009 is 9.10 ^-4 bar or atm.

If we consider isothermal, Volume: 5 liters / d _N2 (1.25) * pressure 9.10 ^-4 atm (Kg / cm ² ) = either 0.00448 ml of N ₂

That is ten times more than the theoretical permeability that the invention makes it possible to guarantee.

And the invention makes it possible to guarantee the theoretical permeability of the materials.

• 1°- introduisant du tamis moléculaire 4 A sous forme de cartouche qui a la particularité d'absorber l'azote et la vapeur d'eau dans le vide,
• 2°- introduisant dans le joint de scellement des absorbeurs d'oxygène tels que les sels ferriques- acide ascorbique - ou de greffons absorbeurs accrochés sur une charge de silice dans un polymère,
• 3°- sceller la périphérie du vitrage afin d'augmenter le chemin de perméance,
• 4°- le panneau verrier peut être équipé d'un trou et d'une valve sur le verre, accessible après pose, qui permet une nouvelle mise sous vide après 20 ans.

The invention can be further improved by:

• 1 ° - introducing molecular sieve 4 A in the form of a cartridge which has the particularity of absorbing nitrogen and water vapor in a vacuum,
• 2 ° - introducing into the seal oxygen absorbers such as ferric salts-ascorbic acid - or absorbent grafts suspended on a silica filler in a polymer,
• 3 ° - seal the periphery of the glazing in order to increase the permeance path,
• 4 ° - the glass panel can be equipped with a hole and a valve on the glass, accessible after installation, which allows a new vacuum after 20 years.

Description of the drawings.

• Figure 1 :
  This drawing represents the thickness of butyl.
• Figure 2 :
  Thermal effect on the expansion of the air gap and the glass behavior.
• Figure 3 :
  Sealing materials that can not be deformed freely.
• Figure 4.5 , 6.7 .
  Details of spacers with different coefficient of expansion materials and reactive behavior.
• Figure 8,9,10,11 .
  Variation of geometry. The lower part of the profile can be made with a perforated or micro perforated material totally or partially to anchor the resin mechanically.
  Fig 9 :
  • 1.2 Blades with significant coefficient of expansion.
  • 3. Blades with lower coefficient of expansion.
  • 4. Fixing by welding.
• Figure 12 .
  1. 1. Interior decorative profile of triple glazing.
  2. 2. Breathable pressure balancing system.
• Figure 13
  Glazing before depression.
• Figure 14
  Glazing after evacuation.
• Figure 15
  Glazing with double profile extruder before evacuation.
• Figure 16
  Glazing with double profile "extruder" after evacuation.

Claims (24)

Flat multiple glazing, curved and of which 1 of the components is plane the other rectangular or free shape curve, comprising 2 or more sheets of vitreous material arranged in spaced relation from face to face, having a gaseous space or intermediate vacuum defined by a spacer peripheral composed of several sections of different mechanical, physical and chemical properties. Multiple glazing according to claim 1, characterized in that the areas of contact between the spacer and the glass sheets held in contact by means of 1 or 2 resins are flexible and allow to react favorably by a movement or a reaction. controlled to the action of the external sollicitations .. Multiple glazing according to claim 1 to 2, characterized in that the cross section comprises 2 or more flexibly or rigidly interconnected wings of the outer edge of the glass towards the center of the glazed panel, revealing a free or partially free groove on the periphery glazing. Multiple glazing according to claim 1 to 3, the materials or mechanical properties of the same material, confer a different stiffness following the direction of the stresses. Multiple glazing according to claims 1 to 4, wherein the section of the sealing material and / or the bonding resin has at least one side of maximum thickness or a free area or in contact with a flexible material to enable it to to deform freely (ie allow its section to react freely to the increase in its length.) Multiple glazing according to claim 1 to 5, the thickness of its sealing and sealing materials ( characterized by the distance between the spacer and the glazing panel) is variable and is minimum at a point for the sealing material. Multiple glazing according to claims 1 to 6, the spacer may receive one or more additional glass sheets secured by a breathable system between the two or more formed chambers. glazing according to claims 1 to 7, the spacer of which receives a desiccative material in its soul. Glazing according to claim 1 to 8, the area of application of the resin does not completely or partially covers the central portion, transverse, of the spacer. Glazing according to claims 1 to 9, the spacer has 2 walls, a tight facing towards the inside of the gas blade and a mechanical facing outwardly of the gas blade. An insulating glazing unit containing a removable desiccant tank and / or disposed in its gas plate just before closing the waterproof or breathable glass panels. A multiple glazing according to claims 1 to 11, the sealing material has a variable thickness depending on the deformation it undergoes, mainly thicker where its relative deformation is the highest. A multiple glazing unit according to claims 1 to 12, wherein the spacing spacer has a clearance zone of excess sealing material or sealing in the corners. A multiple glazing unit according to claims 1 to 13, the spacer of which consists of a system of materials having a different coefficient of expansion and / or constituting a bimetallic system which reduces the deformation of the sealing materials, the resin and any other component of the seal. Multiple glazing according to claims 1 to 14, the spacer of which consists of sealed and deformable parts in order to follow the irregularity of geometry or surface of the glassy sheets and whose part intended for the resin is made of material with higher rigidity . A glazing according to claims 1 to 15, the portion for the resin is made of perforated or micro perforated materials, totally or partially. A glazing according to claims 1 to 16, plane, curves consisting of 1 flat glass and 1 curve and / or complex shape. A glazing unit according to claims 1 to 17, provided with a pressure relief valve and or under pressure-proof pressure at normal pressure. A double or multiple vacuum glazing according to claims 1 to 18 assembled and sealed by a vacuum process with a thermoplastic material whose implementation is done under vacuum. A multiple glazing according to claim 1 to 19, the assembly resin consists of 1 or more co-extruded gas-tight materials. A multiple glazing according to claim 19 to 20, wherein the geometry of the components is curved or non-planar in order to compensate for the deformation phenomenon caused by the depression of the vacuum blade on the flatness of the faces. A multiple glazing according to claims 19 to 21, the vacuum blade and / or sealing materials containing absorbents of oxygen, nitrogen, water and / or carbon dioxide, for example: at. 4 A molecular sieve b. ferric salts vs. ascorbic acid. d. Absorbent grafts attached to a silica filler. multiple glazing according to claims 19 to 22 ° - whose spacing pads, low thermal conductivity, glass panels have a decorative role and or functional such as screen printing - line sun - braces - Led. glazing according to claims 1 to 23Dont the spacer or a face of the glass panels contains a valve, accessible after installation and / or localized in a zone with low stresses of mechanical origin or thermal, and to remake the vacuum or dehydrate l air in the panel without disassembling it.

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