EP2285454B1 - Device and method for impulse ejection of medium - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an apparatus for pulse ejection of medium, comprising a medium ejecting pipe from which medium can be expelled in an ejection direction by a propellant through an ejection end of the ejection pipe. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for pulse ejection of medium from an ejection tube of such a device for pulse ejection of medium.

WO 00/55019 A1 discloses a spray device for a windshield washer and starts from a spray device for a windshield washer with a spray nozzle, which has a nozzle bore, is mounted in a nozzle housing with a water connection and has a device that prevents backflow and uncontrolled leakage of water spray. It is proposed that the spray nozzle is held axially movably in the nozzle housing and is acted upon by the water pressure during the injection process at one end facing the water connection, while it rests with its other end on a closure member which sealingly covers the nozzle bore until it by the axial displacement the spray nozzle is brought into an open position and the nozzle bore releases.

DE 28 17 102 A1 discloses a connector connected to a plastic cannula and a vascular catheter having a tubular and / or conical portion for sealing connection to infusion needles and / or tubes provided with connecting cones, the connector being provided with a radial passage for the passage, in which a shutting-off disc made of elastomeric material, is held with a central slot.

WO 01/83032 A1 discloses an extinguisher with a pressurized gas generator for controlling far and upcoming explosions, which has two bursting membranes with Sollbruckstellen in the closure of the extinguishing agent container.

WO 01/74452 A2 discloses a method for suppressing starting explosions, especially in containers or rooms with explosive dusts or gases, with a gas generator whose compressed gas after reaching a maximum pressure expels the extinguishing agent as a unit from the container and then distributed as extinguishing dust cloud space laterally and forward

WO 01/07117 A2 relates to an extinguisher with a pressure gas generator for fighting fire and starting explosions, which at least one bursting membrane with Has predetermined breaking point for closure of the extinguishing agent container. The bursting membrane contains in its center a flat surface or a depression, which cause the predetermined breaking point opens at the same time on its entire circumference in order to obtain a rotationally symmetrical extinguishing agent outlet.

In the IFEX Dual Intruder cannons (see http://web.archive.org/web/20020613202205/http.//ifex3000.de/dfireh.htm ) 12-liter pulse guns are connected in parallel. Their construction principle allows a fast shot sequence: while one of the firing guns is loaded, the other is ready to fire. The guns are coaxial - the water chamber with a shot capacity of 12 liters lies within the compressed air chamber - and are equipped with a pan and tilt mechanism to shoot effortlessly in all directions.

US 2003/189067 A1 discloses a self-cleaning retention valve with shape memory with various compositions and material flow distributions for example, a container with flexible walls for products such as ketchup or mustard.

Devices and methods for pulse ejection of medium are, for example, in WO 90/07373 A1 or EP 0 689 857 A2 described. In particular, fire can be extinguished with relatively small amounts of extinguishing medium with these devices and methods, the extinguishing medium is finely atomized or distributed by the pulse output and mixed with air. In particular, due to the fine atomization or distribution of the medium, for example in the case of water as the extinguishing medium in the form of formation of very fine water droplets in the micrometer range, the high extinguishing effect can be achieved.

In the known devices and methods, the fine distribution or - nebulization occurs substantially directly after a leak of the medium from the ejection tube. For example, with a commercial product from IFEX Technologies (IFEX Dual Intruder) at 25 bar propellant pressure (air) with 3 to 12 l of water, a beam width of approx. 4.5 m results at a distance of 20 m from the ejection tube. The extinguishing distance with the best efficiency is 10 to 40 m. A portable device from IFEX Technologies achieves a maximum shot length of 16 m with 0.25 to 1 l of water as the medium, also with 25 bar of propellant pressure (air).

It may be desirable to have a wider range of pulse ejection, depending on the conditions under which a pulsed ejection device and method are to be employed, and the results sought with the insert to achieve without, for example, a different sizing of the device would be necessary.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an impulse discharge apparatus and method in which an increase in range can be achieved with substantially equal dimensioning.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a device for pulse ejection of medium as defined in claim 1.

The membrane mentioned in claim 1 has a plurality of slits extending outwardly in a plane perpendicular to the ejection direction from the center of the membrane. With such an embodiment, a desired and reproducible outlet opening can be ensured in a particularly simple manner. According to the present invention, the slots have a curvature. It has been found that with curved slots an additional improvement in reach and beam stability can be achieved. It is hereby assumed that a reason for this improvement could be that the ejected media jet will be understood to have a stabilizing twist due to the shape of the exit opening resulting from the curved slots.

Also, the object is achieved by a method for pulse ejection of medium from an ejection tube of a device for pulse ejection of medium as defined in claim 13.

The invention is based on the insight that one of the limiting factors (and thus, for example, also the extinguishing distance) is that the distribution or nebulization essentially begins immediately after the ejection. On the other hand, it is precisely this distribution or nebulization, especially for the fire extinguishing performance of such devices and methods, which is decisive for the success. It has been found that with a device according to the invention or with a method according to the invention, a fine distribution or atomization can be achieved, which only occurs at a relatively greater distance from the ejection tube, thus increasing the range of the ejection of medium. The nozzle member moves during ejection of medium from a rest position to an ejection position, wherein the nozzle member pushes the elastic membrane to form an exit opening to some extent.

In order for the atomization or distribution of the medium to be used according to the invention only at a distance from the ejection tube, an advantageous effect results for an additional application possibility for the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention. The medium can now be provided with an irritant and used without it would be a nuisance or even danger in the area of the ejecting device itself. If, for example, gas mixed with GS gas were "closed off" by a conventional device, as a result of the direct onset of nebulization of the CS-gas-water mixture, the CS gas would also be discharged in the region of the ejecting device, which would be such Use with conventional devices is not impossible but impractical. The invention can therefore be used particularly advantageously in the area of the so-called "riot control", that is, for example, in the fight against disturbances in a crisis situation, and thus supplement on the one hand the conventional use of CS gas or the like and on the other hand the use of methods with a higher risk of injury (water cannon or even use of weapons) replace.

Disclosed is also a membrane for a device for pulse ejection of medium, in particular for a device according to the invention, wherein the membrane is elastically deformable during an ejection of medium to form a passage for medium and wherein the membrane has a plurality of curved slots, the extending in a plane perpendicular to the ejection direction from the center of the membrane to the outside.

It has been found that, surprisingly, with the provision of such a membrane, an additional range increase can be achieved. It is believed that as a result of the curvature of the slots and the associated special formation of the passage opening through the membrane, a spin is formed in the jet of the ejected medium, which contributes to a stabilization of the jet against premature spreading or atomization.

The present invention further relates to a method for increasing the range of a pulse output of medium, comprising the steps of a first and a second pulse ejection of medium, each having a method according to claim 13, wherein the second pulse ejection with the first pulse -Emission is temporally and spatially coordinated such that the second pulse output to increase its range essentially follows the first pulse output.

With a suitable vote of the two pulse ejections, which can also be called shots, with each other, it can be achieved that the second shot in a sense in the "slipstream" of the first shot this follows, probably by the "slipstream" effect for the second shot an increased range is achievable.

Advantageous embodiments of the present invention are defined in particular in the dependent claims.

In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the nozzle element can be brought from the rest position into the ejection position when the medium is ejected by means of the medium. By ejecting medium thus moving the nozzle member is already effected, which can be dispensed with a separate control, either in mechanical or otherwise, for moving the nozzle member from the rest position to the ejection position, resulting in a particularly simple and robust construction inventive invention allowed.

In another advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the nozzle element defines a nozzle interior through which medium can pass during the ejection, wherein the nozzle interior expands counter to the ejection direction. With the expansion, the medium is given a simple way to effect the movement of the nozzle member, without any disturbing vortexes or other irregularities in the flow path of the ejected medium would be caused.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the nozzle element can be brought by means of a restoring force from the ejection position to the rest position, wherein the restoring force results from the deformation of the membrane. The membrane is elastic and the restoring force of the membrane occurring during the deformation is used or at least contributes to bringing the nozzle element back into the rest position. Preferably, the ejection position and the rest position are selected such that only the restoring force of the membrane can cause the return movement of the nozzle member. In particular, it should be avoided that the nozzle element deforms the membrane in such a way that the then acting restoring force no longer has a sufficient proportion of force along the ejection direction. During ejection, the nozzle member is held against the restoring force of the diaphragm in the ejection mount by the continuous action of the ejected medium.

Alternatively or additionally, a separate spring element or another return device for the nozzle element can be provided, with which a return to the rest position after the ejection of medium can be effected. In this case, it can be provided, in particular, to realize a selectively actuated feedback, in the event that an "automatic" feedback by the restoring force of the membrane is not sufficient.

Another advantageous embodiment of the present invention has a arranged between the nozzle member and the ejection tube damping chamber, which communicates with at least when in rest position nozzle member with the interior of the ejection tube for receiving medium in combination. When filling the ejection tube with medium passes in this embodiment also medium in the damping chamber, from which it is pushed out in the caused by the ejection movement of the nozzle member, for example, provided by an abutment surface of the nozzle member openings, wherein by the size and number of openings in the Interaction with the properties of the medium a desired damping can be adjusted. With the damping and the associated avoidance of a virtually unbraked impact of the nozzle member to a designated stop (which defines the ejection position), a material-sparing operation can be achieved in which in particular less maintenance and replacement of replacement parts is necessary.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the nozzle element has at least one feed opening and / or Zuführaussparung, is connected by the in the rest position of the nozzle interior with the Dampfungsraum for the passage of medium. In this way, the damping chamber can be easily and without additional effort with the interior of the nozzle member and thus connected to the interior of the ejection tube.

In another advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the nozzle element has at least one damping opening, through which medium can pass from the damping chamber during a movement of the nozzle element from the rest position into the ejection position. The size and possibly the number of the damping opening (s) allows, in coordination with the material properties of the medium, a targeted adjustment of the damping properties. From another point of view, this does not result in an expulsion of the medium on the damping chamber, but a movement of a part of the nozzle member through the damping chamber, wherein to effect the damping of this movement, a resistance is presented.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the nozzle member has a plurality of bores, which are arranged such that when an ejection of medium gas can be entrained from the environment through the holes. It has been found that the entrainment of gas from the environment, usually air, in the ejected jet also contributes to improved jet stability.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the holes are identical to the above-mentioned feed openings, which results in a double advantageous function for these openings.

Another advantageous embodiment of the present invention comprises a guide sleeve, by means of the nozzle element and ejection tube are coupled together and which is designed for a guide of the nozzle member. With the provision of a guide sleeve, which is advantageously formed in two parts for receiving the nozzle member, can be a complex. Adjustment or configuration of the ejection tube are dispensed with in terms of a guide of the nozzle member, wherein the ejection tube only has to be suitable for receiving the guide sleeve.

In a further embodiment, the above-mentioned widening of the interior of the nozzle element against the ejection direction also continues in an expansion of the guide sleeve beyond the nozzle element.

In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the device for establishing a variable pressure of a propellant for the pulse-like expulsion of medium is designed. It has been found that with different blowing agent pressures an influence on the Reihweite of the output of medium can be taken.

In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the device is configured with at least two adjacent ejector tubes for at least two times timed pulse-like expelling of medium, wherein the second pulse ejection is substantially followed by the first pulse ejection. With appropriate coordination between two bursts of medium, it has been found that improved range can be achieved for either burst. One reason for the improvement could be that one of the impulse bursts follows the other in the slipstream.

In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the device is designed to selectively release the nozzle element for a displaceability or to fix the nozzle element. With an optional determination or mobility of the nozzle member can be selected between two different modes of pulse bursts. When the nozzle element is fixed, the ejection takes place essentially in accordance with the conventional ejections, while in the case of a movable nozzle element the method according to the invention is used.

Preferably, in particular because of the ease of handling, the medium is a liquid, wherein in many cases water is particularly suitable as a medium or as a main component (carrier) of the medium. However, other liquids or liquid mixtures may also be provided according to the invention. However, in addition to a liquid medium, according to the prior art mentioned in the introduction, a solid medium, for example in the form of a sufficiently fine powder, can also be used.

The propellant is advantageously gaseous, with air being particularly well suited as a propellant in view of its easy availability. However, other gases or gas mixtures can be used.

Depending on the dimensioning of the device, the invention can be realized either in a portable version, in a mobile version mounted on a vehicle or in a mounting installed on the floor or on a building, the actual invention being independent of the size design is.

Fig. 1

zeigt schematisch eine Schnittansicht des Ausstoßende-Bereichs einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit dem Düsenelement in Ruheposition,

Fig. 2

zeigt schematisch eine Fig. 1 vergleichbare Schnittansicht des Ausstoßende-Bereichs der Ausführungsform mit dem Düsenelement in Ausstoßposition,

Fig. 3

zeigt schematisch eine Ansicht einer Ausführungsform einer Membran einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit gekrümmten Schlitzen,

Fig. 4

zeigt schematisch ein Ablaufdiagramm einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens gemäß einem ersten Aspekt und

Fig. 5

zeigt schematisch ein Ablaufdiagramm einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens gemäß einem zweiten Aspekt.

In the following, the present invention will be explained in more detail by means of advantageous embodiments with reference to the accompanying figures.

Fig. 1

shows schematically a sectional view of the discharge end region of an embodiment of the device according to the invention with the nozzle element in the rest position,

Fig. 2

schematically shows a Fig. 1 Comparative sectional view of the discharge end portion of the embodiment with the nozzle member in the discharge position,

Fig. 3

1 schematically shows a view of an embodiment of a membrane of a device according to the invention with curved slots,

Fig. 4

schematically shows a flowchart of an embodiment of the inventive method according to a first aspect and

Fig. 5

schematically shows a flowchart of an embodiment of the inventive method according to a second aspect.

Fig. 1 schematically shows a sectional view of the discharge end portion of an embodiment of the device according to the invention with the nozzle member 9 in the rest position 9 '. This also represents the resting state of the device.

In the Fig. 1 partially shown device comprises a discharge pipe 1 and is equipped with a diaphragm 6 and a nozzle member 9. The nozzle member 9 is slidably disposed in a guide sleeve and is of this guide sleeve between the rest position 9 'and the ejection position 9 "(see Fig. 2 ) guided. The guide sleeve comprising a guide bush 8 and a slide bush 10 is inserted in the discharge end portion of the ejection pipe 1. In addition, the device has an attachment 2, on which a muzzle flap 4 is attached via a tilting joint 3. This attachment 2 can also serve to connect two adjacently arranged exhaust pipes 1 with each other. At the outer end (in the representation of Fig. 1 left) of the guide bush 8 is by means of a union nut 7 a slotted membrane (see. Fig. 3 ), which substantially closes the interior of the ejection tube 1. As a result of the slots, this closure is not a tight seal against the passage of medium (here: water), wherein a sealing effect is achieved by a arranged between the mouth flap 4 and the nut 7 seal 5. The seal 5 is attached to the mouth flap 4.

At rest, the mouth of the tube (in the representation of Fig. 1 closed at the left end), wherein the ejection tube 1 is initially not filled with medium. The nozzle element 9, here also called slide nozzle body 9, is located flush with the front edge (left) behind the rubber membrane 6 in the rear end position (on the right in FIG Fig. 1 ), so that forms between the nozzle body 9 and guide sleeve with guide bushing 8 and slide bush 10 of the damping chamber A. The damping chamber runs in a circle around the entire nozzle body 9 around.

Forward, the water chamber (in this example water is used as a medium) by a rubber seal 5 between the mouth flap 4 and the union nut 7, which holds the rubber membrane 6, sealed. The pressure required for sealing contact pressure of the mouth flap is applied via a tilting joint 3, which is rotatably mounted in the connecting plate 2, by a pneumatic cylinder, the flap in Direction of the pipe pulls. The water chamber is filled by a pump with water, wherein the first air still in the chamber escapes through a vent hole on the connection plate. The water rises to the sealing surface between the mouth flap 4 and union nut 7. When the water reaches this point, it flows on through the nozzle holes B in the damping chamber A and fills it completely.

The nozzle element 9 is designed such that it is opposite to the ejection direction (see. Fig. 2 ) expands. This revaluation of the nozzle member 9 continues in the sliding bush 10. In the ejection direction, there is thus a taper both of the inner region 30 of the sliding bush and of the inner region 25 of the nozzle element. As a result of this taper results in a passage of medium during ejection a force on the nozzle member 9, with this is moved in the ejection direction to the ejection position, thus opening the membrane 6.

At the outside (in Fig. 1 left) is also inside the nozzle member 9, a widening edge provided in the oblique to the ejection direction extending holes B open. In the rest position, these holes B allow an influx of medium into the damping chamber A.

Fig. 2 schematically shows a Fig. 1 Comparative sectional view of the ejection end portion of the embodiment with the nozzle member 9 in ejection position 9 ", with the orifice flap 4 opened The ejection direction 15 is indicated by an arrow in FIG Fig. 2 indicated.

The shot is triggered only after opening the mouth flap by a limit switch on the pneumatic cylinder. The water contained in the water chamber is pushed out of the pipe at high pressure and corresponding speed forward, whereby the nozzle body pushes forward quickly and the rubber membrane. During the forward movement of the nozzle, which takes about 0.5 seconds, the water, which is located in the damping chamber A, pressed over the damping holes C to the rear, so that the nozzle body only braked to the (left in the figure) flat surface Guide bush 8 strikes, bringing the in Fig. 2 The excess water from the damping chamber A is returned to the water chamber via further boreholes located on the circumference of the sliding sleeve 10. After the shot, the nozzle body slides back into its starting position 9 by the spring force of the rubber diaphragm 6 'and the mouth flap 4 is again closed pneumatically.

In the ejection position 9 ', the openings of the bores B which are opposite the inside of the nozzle element emerge, with which it becomes possible for the bores B to be flowed through by air from the environment. The medium passing through the nozzle element 9 during ejection can thus entrain air from the environment through these bores B, whereby additional stabilization of the ejected jet is achieved.

Fig. 3 schematically shows a plan view of an embodiment of a membrane 6 of a device according to the invention with curved slots 35th

The membrane 6 comprises in the in Fig. 3 shown preferred embodiment, a total of 6 slots, each emanating symmetrically from the center of the diaphragm 6 and are curved right-hand. Alternatively, the embodiment may consist of Fig. 3 also be described with three symmetrical slots that pass through the membrane 6, meet in the middle of the membrane 6 and thereby change their direction of curvature.

In the embodiment of Fig. 3 The slots each have the same curvature continuously and also in comparison with each other, the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, it is also possible to provide a left-handed curvature.

Fig. 4 schematically shows a flowchart of an embodiment of the method according to the invention according to a first aspect.

According to the first aspect, the ejection of medium starts in step 100 and results in movement of a nozzle member in the discharge end portion of an ejection pipe of a medium ejecting apparatus. The movement takes place in step 105 and in turn leads in step 110 to a deformation of the membrane to form a passage opening in the membrane. The deformation caused by the displacement of the nozzle element is superimposed, at least at the beginning of the ejection of medium, with a deformation caused by the ejected medium itself, wherein in a preferred embodiment, during the later course of the ejection, the deformation is effected substantially only by the nozzle element which in turn is held by the exiting medium against the restoring force of the membrane in the ejection position.

Fig. 5 schematically shows a flowchart of an embodiment of the inventive method according to a second aspect.

According to this second aspect, two pulse outputs 115 and 120 follow each other in spatial and temporal coordination such that the medium ejected in one of the pulse bursts follows, so to speak, in the slipstream the medium of the other pulse output, whereby a higher range can be achieved. With the currently available technology can be achieved with a discharge tube sufficient temporal proximity of two pulse outputs (if at all) only with great technical effort. However, it has been found that with an arrangement of two adjacent and independent ejection tubes, a corresponding temporal coordination can be achieved comparatively easily, as long as the distance between the ejection ends transversely to the ejection direction is sufficiently small in the case of essentially the same ejection direction. Good results can be achieved even with distances of 0.5 m and less at shooting distances of 30 m and more. It is not necessary here that the ejecting ends are at the same height, for example, one of the ejection pipes can also be arranged offset in the ejection direction with respect to the other, wherein a slipstream effect can be achieved even with a simultaneous shot of both ejector pipes.

In the following, an operation of a further advantageous embodiment (not shown) of the present invention is described by way of example, which corresponds in its dimensioning to the known IFEX Dual Intruder (see above). The device is equipped with a sighting device for visual alignment of the ejecting direction and a laser unit as a means for determining the distance between the ejection tube and the target. It is provided a fuse that a full impact (12 l of water, expelled at 36 bar air pressure, equivalent to about a force of 250 kilos) at a distance of less than 30 meters only after separate release unlocking allowed. A camera, which receives the target field, can be connected to a central office, for example via a satellite connection. Alternatively or additionally, the images taken by the camera can also be stored locally for documentation. The device is provided with a hydraulic drive or a corresponding motor and comprises a power pack (inter alia, water pump, hydraulic, compressor in a compact arrangement). A fully automatic metering of an additive such as CS gases is possible, with a wrong dosage is prevented by the dimensioning of the feed device. For the aiming device, the distance determination and the camera, conventional, commercially available products are used.

The device is in addition to the star-shaped with curved slits rubber membrane (see Fig. 3 ) provided with a mouth flap, which prevents leakage of water, which otherwise otherwise in downwardly inclined ejection tube could occur. The muzzle flap is opened in the time range of a few milliseconds before the shot, ensuring that no shot is fired when the muzzle flap is not open.

In the pipe end, the displaceable nozzle member is provided, which is moved in a shot in the weft direction through the water and thereby opens the star-shaped cut diaphragm. Due to the elasticity of the membrane, the nozzle element is pushed back into the tube after the shot to its rest position. The main beam is maintained with this arrangement for about 20 meters, a distance at which the beam has already expanded to 4.5 m in the conventional IFEX Dual Intruder. Eventually, however, the jet spreads to an atomized cloud, with the added CS gas also being dispersed. The resulting CS-gas cloud is larger than the water cloud in a firefighting and remains in front of a possible precipitation even longer in the air.

In the pipe area, in principle with the schematic representations in the Fig. 1 and 2 matches, further holes are provided, through which the liquid used for the shot can reach a shoulder of the displaceable nozzle element (space A in FIG. 1 ), which allows a damping during firing, so that the nozzle element strikes during firing unrestrained on his leadership in the guide sleeve.

The distance at which the main cloud occurs, for example, can be adjusted via the discharge pressure, which can be increased from the previously used 25 bar up to 35 bar. It has been found that controlled shot ranges of up to 60 m can be achieved in the above embodiments.

The possible use of the present invention in the field of "riot control" has already been mentioned. However, the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention can also be used, like the known devices, in the field of fire fighting. Other options are to make a neutralization / detoxification of a contaminated area, for example, instead of an admixture of irritant gas, a suitable neutralizing agent or antivenom alone or with water or other carrier used as a medium, or in the targeted spreading a treatment or fertilizer in the area agriculture, eg in the form of a fungicide in the field of viticulture.

Claims (14)

1. Device for the pulsed discharge of medium, having:

   a discharge pipe (1) for medium from which medium can be driven by means of a propellant through a discharge end of the discharge pipe (1) in a pulsed manner in a discharge direction (15),

   in the region of the discharge end, a membrane (6) which, when medium is discharged, can be resiliently deformed in order to form a through-opening (20) for medium, and in the discharge pipe (1) a nozzle element (9) which is constructed for displaceability in the discharge direction between a rest position (9') and a discharge position (9''),

   wherein the nozzle element (9) brings about in the discharge position (9'') a deformation of the membrane (6) in order to form the through-opening (20) and in the rest position (9') a smaller or no deformation of the membrane (6), and

   wherein the nozzle element (9) can be moved into the discharge position (9'') when medium is discharged from the rest position (9'),

   characterised in that

   the membrane (6) has a large number of slots (35) which extend outwards from the centre of the membrane (6) in a plane perpendicular to the discharge direction (15), wherein the slots (35) have a curvature.
2. Device according to claim 1,
   wherein the nozzle element (9) can be moved from the rest position (9') into the discharge position (9'') by means of the medium when medium is discharged.
3. Device according to either of the preceding claims,
   wherein the nozzle element (9) defines a nozzle inner space (25) through which medium can pass during the discharge operation, wherein the nozzle inner space (25) expands counter to the discharge direction (15).
4. Device according to any one of the preceding claims,
   wherein the nozzle element (9) can be moved by means of a restoring force from the discharge position (9'') into the rest position (9'), wherein the restoring force is produced from the deformation of the membrane (6).
5. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, having a damping space (A) which is arranged between the nozzle element (9) and the discharge pipe (1) and which, at least with the nozzle element (9) in the rest position (9'), is connected to the inner space of the discharge pipe (1) for receiving medium.
6. Device according to claim 5,
   wherein the nozzle element (9) has at least one supply opening (B) and/or supply recess, by means of which the nozzle inner space (25) is connected to the damping space (A) for the passage of medium in the rest position (9').
7. Device according to claim 5 or claim 6,
   wherein the nozzle element (9) has at least one damping opening (C) through which medium from the damping space (A) can pass when the nozzle element (9) is moved from the rest position into the discharge position (9'').
8. Device according to any one of the preceding claims,
   wherein the nozzle element (9) has a large number of holes (B) which are arranged in such a manner that gas from the environment can be carried through the holes (B) when medium is discharged.
9. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, having a guiding sleeve (8, 10) by means of which the nozzle element (9) and discharge pipe (1) are coupled to each other and which is constructed for guiding the nozzle element (9).
10. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the device is constructed for producing a variable pressure of a propellant for the pulse-like discharge of medium.
11. Device according to any one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the device is constructed with at least two adjacent discharge pipes (1) for at least two-fold temporally coordinated pulse-like discharge of medium, wherein the second pulse discharge substantially follows the first pulsed discharge.
12. Device according to any one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the device is constructed selectively to release the nozzle element (9) for a displaceability or to fix the nozzle element (9).
13. Method for pulsed discharge of medium from a discharge pipe (1) of a device for the pulsed discharge of medium, wherein the device has a membrane (6) in the region of a discharge end of the discharge pipe (1) and a nozzle element (9) in the discharge pipe (1),
    wherein the nozzle element (9) is moved (105) from a rest position (9') to a discharge position (9'') when medium is discharged,
    wherein the nozzle element (9) in the discharge position (9') brings about (110) a deformation of the membrane (6) in order to form a through-opening (20) for medium,
    characterised in that
    the membrane (6) has a large number of slots (35) which extend outwards from the centre of the membrane (6) in a plane perpendicular to the discharge direction (15),
    wherein the slots (35) have a curvature.
14. Method for increasing the range of a pulsed discharge of medium, having the steps of a first and a second pulsed discharge (115, 120) of medium with a method according to claim 13, wherein the second pulsed discharge (120) is temporally and spatially coordinated with the first pulsed discharge (115) in such a manner that the second pulsed discharge (120) substantially follows the first pulsed discharge (115) in order to increase the range thereof.

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