EP2257827A2 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zum erzeugen eines datenstroms basierend auf mit paketfolgemarkierungen versehenen datenpaketen und satellitenempfänger zum bereitstellen des datenstroms - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zum erzeugen eines datenstroms basierend auf mit paketfolgemarkierungen versehenen datenpaketen und satellitenempfänger zum bereitstellen des datenstromsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2257827A2 EP2257827A2 EP09721270A EP09721270A EP2257827A2 EP 2257827 A2 EP2257827 A2 EP 2257827A2 EP 09721270 A EP09721270 A EP 09721270A EP 09721270 A EP09721270 A EP 09721270A EP 2257827 A2 EP2257827 A2 EP 2257827A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- packet
- data
- data packets
- packets
- satellite receiver
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/13—Receivers
- G01S19/24—Acquisition or tracking or demodulation of signals transmitted by the system
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/13—Receivers
- G01S19/23—Testing, monitoring, correcting or calibrating of receiver elements
Definitions
- Embodiments according to the present invention relate to a device for generating a data stream, a method for generating a data stream, a satellite receiver or a satellite receiver front end (input stage or "front end") for receiving a received signal and for providing data packets, a system for transmitting data packets and a computer program for carrying out the aforementioned method.
- Devices or methods according to some embodiments can be used, for example, in satellite navigation receivers or their associated front ends, which have an asynchronous interface, which does not permit bidirectional transmission due to the limited transmission capacity.
- Satellite receivers were originally used for position determination and navigation in the military sector, for example in weapons systems, warships and airplanes.
- satellite receivers are increasingly used in the civilian sector, for example in the maritime sector, in aviation, by navigation systems in the car, for orientation in the leisure sector, in surveying, in agriculture, in competitive sports and for use in mobile phones.
- Satellite receivers are also used in the car, for example, with an extensive map and city map software, for example by means of acoustic direction instructions to the driver to show him the way to the desired destination.
- PDA personal digital assistence
- PNA personal navigation assistance
- satellite reception In buildings, satellite reception is usually reduced to impossible. In the specific case, it depends, for example, on the building materials used in the building or their damping behavior and also on the location within the building. For example, close to the windows or in rooms with large OH windows and a clear view of the sky, depending on the current satellite position may still be a location determination with reduced accuracy possible. In interiors, such as cellars, satellite reception is very limited. Recent satellite receivers make it possible, for example, in some situations such as in buildings to ensure reception of the satellite signal. For example, this can be made possible by the fact that the received signals are not measured successively in time, and only one reception path is used, but by using a plurality of parallelized satellite receivers.
- the multipath reception can be greatly reduced, so that in combination with an increased input sensitivity of the satellite signal and the signals that have been reflected on walls and floors u. U. also in the interior of buildings or narrow streets in densely built-up areas can still be evaluated.
- satellite receiving systems measure the location of the receiver using the distance to multiple satellites.
- the satellites for example, constantly emit their changing positions and the exact time. From their signal transit times, the satellite receivers can then calculate their own position and speed. For example, three satellites for determining the spatial coordinates and a fourth satellite for determining the time coordinate can be used for this purpose.
- three satellites for determining the spatial coordinates and a fourth satellite for determining the time coordinate can be used for this purpose.
- the satellite signals not only the position, but also the speed of the receiver can be determined, which can be done for example by measuring the Doppler effect.
- satellites transmit "spread spectrum" modulated signals, for example, a data signal may be modulated with a pseudorandom code sequence and received by the receiver by cross-correlation for particularly efficient transmission
- code sequences can be used which have a certain code phase shift.
- the satellite signals are emitted by means of the special coding in such a way that the resulting transmission sequences from different satellites are orthogonal to one another, so that independent reception of the individual satellite signals becomes possible, even though all satellites transmit on the same frequencies.
- This Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) method is used, for example, in most satellite receiving devices for the evaluation of the transmitted signal (s).
- gold sequences can be used for this, which can be generated, for example, from two generator polynomials by means of feedback shift registers, wherein a code phase shift between the two generators can be used to achieve different gold sequences with identical generator polynomials to each other almost orthogonally in the code space and barely influence each other.
- To increase the accuracy of the signals can be sent from a satellite, for example, on multiple frequencies, which is usually selectable, which code can be transmitted on which frequency. For example, by transmitting at multiple frequencies, ionospheric effects that increase runtime can be eliminated to increase accuracy.
- a typical satellite receiver may operate on the principle that for a received signal from a satellite, a gold code sequence corresponding to the gold code sequence that the satellite transmits is generated.
- the received and the recipient Code sequence produced no temporal relationship.
- both sequences are multiplied together after a temporal shift of one of the sequences and the multiplication results are added together. This procedure can also be called cross-correlation.
- the time shift is varied, the sum changes. For example, the sum becomes maximum if the sequences match in time.
- the satellite transmits it is possible to ensure that only at the correct code sequence and at the correct time shift does the maximum of the cross-correlation occur, which may also be called uniqueness.
- By counting in the signal units and the lag evaluation of the current time in the code block it is possible, for example, to determine the exact transmission time at which the received signal was transmitted by the satellite. For the evaluation it is sufficient, for example, if only the time of the beginning of a code block in the satellite is known. The receiver can then measure the time between the evaluation time and the beginning of a code block to determine the transmission time of the code block by evaluating the satellite message.
- the satellite navigation receiver Due to the signal evaluation by means of a cross-correlation determination and evaluation of the maximum of the cross-correlation, it is of particular importance that the temporal cohesion of the received signal is maintained. For example, a cross-correlation can only be correctly evaluated if the two signals via which the cross-correlation is carried out are in correct temporal relationship to one another. That is, a received signal should have the same temporal reference as a transmitted signal in order then to be able to determine the time shift from the transmitted signal by means of correlation.
- the satellite navigation receiver In order to relay the signals received by the satellites to, for example, a control station, the satellite navigation receiver usually has only a limited transmission capacity which, for example, does not permit bidirectional transmission.
- Applications here are to forward the received data of a satellite navigation device with little protocol effort to, for example, a control station which, for example, can use the data from a plurality of satellite receiver devices to control and monitor the positions of the individual satellite navigation receivers.
- a control station which, for example, can use the data from a plurality of satellite receiver devices to control and monitor the positions of the individual satellite navigation receivers.
- an efficient fleet management of, for example, public transport companies as well as efficient control, for example of transportation by land, air or sea can be made possible.
- the center has at any time an overview of the location of the various vehicles or ships or flying objects by means of the data sent by the satellite receivers and can intervene immediately in case of disturbances.
- an asynchronous interface is available to the satellite receiver, which becomes the transmitter in this communication in order to send the data received from the satellites to the control station.
- the data stream is transmitted by the transmitter, for example, as soon as the data is available to the transmitter and without the transmitter paying attention to the receiver. This means that there can be no "handshake" between the transmitter and the receiver due to the missing return channel. Since the sender receives no feedback from the receiver, errors that occur due to the transmission link can not be compensated by resending the erroneous packets.
- the data stream can consist, for example, of a sequence of packets which the transmitter can transmit to the receiver via its asynchronous interface with little protocol effort.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a concept that allows a received signal a satellite receiver via a non-fail-safe transmission path without return channel to be transmitted, wherein the transmitted received signal still allows for temporary disturbances of the transmission line still a sufficiently reliable evaluation.
- the present object is achieved by a device for generating a data stream based on received data packets provided with packet string marks according to claim 1, a method for generating the data stream according to claim 23, or by a satellite receiver for receiving a received signal and providing Data packets based on the received signal according to claim 24.
- the solution further comprises a system for transmitting data packets based on a received signal of a satellite receiver and provided with packet sequence marks according to claim 40 and a system for transmitting data packets based on a first received signal and a second received signal of a satellite receiver
- the solution also comprises a computer program according to claim 52, with a program code for carrying out the method according to claim 23.
- a central idea of an embodiment according to the invention is to provide data packets which have a non-exclusive
- digital signals are sent from a satellite receiver to a receiving device to be provided with packet sequence marks, by means of which a (in some cases even unique) assignment of the measuring instant of the individual signal values is possible in a receiver.
- the receiver can recognize whether one or more data packets have been lost between two received data packets and insert one or more filler packets into the data flow instead of the lost data packets, so that the time assignment of the individual data packets is retained.
- the preservation of the time assignment of the received signal is in some embodiments essential for further processing, since, for example, by means of a subsequent cross-correlation evaluation between the received signal and a code sequence present to the receiver, the temporal relationship between the code sequence and the received signal can be determined.
- the filler packets may, in some embodiments, be arranged not to interfere with the correlation determination, that is, the filler packets may be selected, for example, such that they do not correspond to a valid code sequence and to a transmitted data packet of the satellite receiver.
- null packets that is, for example, data packets
- the packet sequence tags can be attached to the provided data packets in such a way that sections of the data packets (for example, sections which have samples of a satellite navigation received signal) are overwritten with a packet sequence marker .
- sections of the data packets for example, sections which have samples of a satellite navigation received signal
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a device for generating a data stream, according to an embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a satellite receiver according to an embodiment
- Fig. 3 is an example of a packet sequence marker
- FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of a method for generating a data stream, according to an embodiment
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a system for transmitting data packets based on a receive signal, according to one embodiment
- Fig. 6 is a block diagram of a satellite receiver for providing data packets based on two received signals according to another
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a system for transmitting data packets based on two receive signals, according to one embodiment.
- the device 100 may include a packet loss identifier 104 and a data packet processor 105.
- the device 100 may generate a data stream 101 based on received data packets 102 provided with packet string marks 103.
- the device 100 receives two data packets 111, 114, each provided with packet string tags 121, 124.
- a first received data packet 111 a first packet string marker 121 (or, generally, any packet string marker) and a second received data packet 114, a fourth packet string marker 124 (or generally any packet string marker).
- a stream of transmitted data packets 111, 112, 113, 114 was generated by a satellite receiver and sent to the device 100.
- two packet losses occurred in the transmission path in this exemplary embodiment, the second data packet 112 having the second packet sequence marker 122 and the third data packet
- the packet loss recognizer 104 of the device 100 can recognize from the packet sequence marks 121 and 124 that the first data packet 111 and the fourth data packet 114 have been received and that the second data packet 112 and the third data packet 113 have been lost. This information can be transmitted by the packet loss recognizer 104 to the data packet processor 105, which can perform the task of replacing the lost data packets 112, 113 using fill packets 132, 133.
- a data stream 101 can be generated, which again comprises the original number of data packets sent, and comprises, for example, a first data packet 111, a filler packet 132 replacing the second data packet 112, a filler packet 133 replacing the third data packet 113, and a fourth data packet 114 ,
- the lost data packets 112, 113 can be replaced by the filling packets 132, 133, for example, so that the data stream 101 can be generated such that the received data packets 102 in the data stream 101 correspond to their packet sequence marks.
- tion 103 are arranged, and that the one or more filling packets 132, 133 are arranged according to a temporal position of the associated lost data packets 112, 113.
- the one or more filling packages 132, 133 may, for example, have the same length. Also, the received data packets 102 may each have the same length.
- the data packet processor 105 may be further configured to generate the one or more fill packets 132, 133 having the length of the one or more data packets 111, 114.
- the fill packet 132 or 133 may be a null packet, that is, a sequence of zero values or even a sequence of values that does not occur in any received data packet.
- the filler packets 132, 133 may also be random packets comprising a series of randomly generated values or a sequence of pseudo noise signals generated by a random number generator.
- the filler packets 132, 133 should not include a sequence that occurs in a data word of a code string (e.g., a code string used by a satellite navigation system) that corresponds to a received data packet.
- the packet sequence marks 103 may, for example, be attached at a predetermined location within the one or more data packets 111, 114, for example at a predetermined location that is the same for all received data packets 102.
- the packet sequence marker 103 may comprise, for example, a specific sequence of values.
- the packet sequence marker 103 may be a data word subsequent to the particular sequence of values within the one or more data packets 102.
- the packet loss identifier 104 can be designed, for example, to determine a number of lost data packets 112, 113 between two successively received data packets 111, 114, for example by outputting
- the packet sequence marks 103 may be formed as counters, the number of lost data packets being determined by the difference between the counter readings of the two counters (or counter). the counter values).
- the second received packet sequence marker 124 has the count "4" and the first packet sequence marker 121 has the count "1", so that from the difference of the two counter readings reduced by one, a value of (for example two) lost packets can be determined.
- the width of the counter represents a measure of how many lost data packets 112, 113 pass through the packet loss detector 104 of the device 100 can be detected.
- the counter runs from zero to the maximum value that can be represented by the counter. Thereafter, the counter overflows and, for example, starts counting up again at zero. If, for example, more data packets 112, 113 are lost than the counter can represent values before an overflow occurs, then not all lost data packets 112, 113 can be detected by the packet loss recognizer 104.
- the maximum value of a recognizable number of lost data packets 112, 113 corresponds, for example, to the width of the counter or the number of values that can be represented by it.
- a detection of a higher number of lost data packets 112, 113 than can be represented by the counter at values can be realized, for example, by the device 100 having a clock for determining a time information, for example based on the received data packets 102 that of a relationship between the difference of the counts of the two counters and the time information of the two successively received data packets 111, 114, a counter overflow of one of the two counters can be detected.
- the number of lost packets 112, 113 may be determined using the one-by-one difference of the counts of the two counters and the time information of the two consecutively received data packets. For example, this can be realized by a PC clock when the device 100 is implemented on a PC, and the PC has an internal or external time information available.
- the device 100 can replace a lost data packet 112, 113 with a filling packet 132, 133 by means of the data packet processor 105.
- the device 100 can replace a plurality of lost data packets 112, 113 with only one fill packet 106 of the same length as the lost packet 112, 113.
- the device 100 can transmit the number of lost data packets 112, 113 to an operator so that he can use the data for error evaluation or diagnosis.
- a deviation of the packet sequence marker 103 from a location where the device 100 expects the packet sequence marker 103 may indicate, for example, an error that may be communicated to an operator to enable it to evaluate or diagnose the error.
- the apparatus 100 may include a packet sorter which presorts, for example, the one or more data packets 102 in the order specified by the packet string markers 103 and then supplies it to the packet loss flag 104.
- device 100 may for example be able to first receive received data packets 102 in the correct order. before being processed further by the packet loss expert 104.
- FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a satellite receiver 200 according to one embodiment.
- the satellite receiver 200 may include a scanner 201 and a data packet generator 202, wherein the scanner 201 may sample a receive signal 220 or intermediate frequency signal to obtain a sequence of samples 203.
- the sequence of sample values 203 may include, for example, a first subsequence of the samples 204 as well as a second subsequence of the samples 205.
- the data packet generator 202 can be supplied with the two subsequences of samples 204, 205 in such a way that the data packet generator 202, for example, provides the first subsequence 204 with a first packet sequence marker 212 and provides the second subsequence 205 with a second packet sequence marker 213, wherein the packet sequence marks are temporal Describe relationship between the subsequence 204 of samples 203 and the second subsequence 205 of samples 203. In this embodiment, this is indicated by the number "1" as the first packet string flag
- the packet sequence marks can also be represented with any other values or sequences of values.
- the data packets 210, 211 generated by the data packet generator 202 may be provided at the output as provided data packets 230.
- the packet sequence tags 212, 213 may be used to overwrite the data packets 210, 211, or portions thereof. It is also possible to add the packet sequence marks 212, 213 in front of or behind the associated data packets 210, 211 or to insert them within the associated data packets 210, 211, so that, unlike overwriting, no data is lost.
- the data packets 210, 211 can each be provided with the associated packet sequence marking 212, 213 at the same location.
- a time stamp can be used which provides the data packets with time information which is derived, for example, from a sampling time of the scanner 201 to which a specific element of the data packets 210, 211 assigned to subsequences 204, 205 has been sampled.
- a counter which provides the data packets 210, 211 with a counter reading, wherein data packets 210, 211 comprising different subsequences 204, 205 of the sampling values 203 can be provided with a different counter reading.
- the counter may be incremented or decremented by a constant number if the second subsequence 205 of the sampled values 203 has been sampled by the sampler 201 immediately after the first subsequence 204 of the sampled values 203.
- the data packet generator 202 can, for example, generate the data packets 210, 211 with the same length.
- the packet sequence marking 212, 213 can, for example, overwrite the data packets 210, 211 with a synchronization word 301 and a subsequent counter 303, wherein, for example, the synchronization word 301 and the subsequent counter 303 always overwrite the data packets 210, 211 at the same location. In this case, for example, one or more samples may be overwritten.
- the synchronization word 301 may comprise a 32-bit wide data word comprising an alternating sequence 302 of data bits.
- the counter or counter value 303 may be connected to the synchronization word (also referred to as preamble) 301 and implemented, for example, as a 16-bit-wide data word 304, 305.
- the received signal 220 may be a received signal of a satellite navigation system, for example the superposition of different CDMA signals of different satellites, or the received signal may be an intermediate frequency signal, for example a received signal 220 modulated in a lower frequency range Intermediate frequency signal is recommended, for example, in the event that the received signal 220 is so high frequency that it can not be displayed by the scanner 201, or for example if between the reception of the Empfangssig- 220 and the input of the scanner 201 is a transmission path that the original Reception signal 220 would strongly attenuate, the intermediate frequency signal, however, less strong.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a packet sequence marker 300, which may correspond to one of the two packet sequence marks 212, 213 according to FIG. 2.
- the packet sequence marker 300 is embodied as a counter, which may also be referred to here as a time stamp 303, and comprises, for example, an 8-bit lower data word 305 and a 8-bit upper data word 304.
- the time stamp 303 directly adjoins a preamble or a synchronization word 301, which comprises four identical data words 302 of 8-bit width, each with the content "0x55.”
- a preamble or a synchronization word 301 which comprises four identical data words 302 of 8-bit width, each with the content "0x55.”
- Other formats and longer or shorter time stamps 303 are also possible.
- This embodiment shows a possible configuration of the packet sequence marker 300. It is also possible to use other word widths for the preamble 301 and for the time stamp 303 or other values for the preamble data words 302 and for the two timestamp data words 304, 305. Also, the time stamp 303 may have a time instead of a counter, for example can be specified synchronously to a sampling time of the scanner 201.
- the packet sequence marker 300 may also be forward or backward. a data packet 230 may be added or inserted into a data packet 230 without overwriting the data.
- the method 400 generates from data packets 102, which are provided with packet sequence marks 103, a data stream 101 as a sequence of received data packets 111, 114 and filling packets 132, 133 inserted in place of the lost data packets 112, 113.
- the method can comprise, for example, four steps, wherein in a first step (step Ia) 401 data packets 102 can be received, which are provided with packet sequence marks 103. In a second step (step Ib) 402, the method 400 can detect whether one or more data packets 112, 113 have been lost between two received data packets 111, 114, for example using the packet sequence tags 103.
- a third step (step 2a) 403 can be, for example, to replace one or more lost data packets 112, 113 by one or more filling packets 132, 133 of the same length as the lost data packets 112, 113.
- the method 400 may generate the data stream 101 as a sequence of received data packets 111, 114 and filled packets 132, 133 inserted in place of the lost data packets 112, 113. After each reception of data packets 102, the four steps 401, 402, 403, 404 of the method 400 can be run through again.
- the system 500 may transmission means a satellite receiver 200, a device 100 for generating a data stream 101 as well as a (J- include 501, which may be connected between the satellite receiver 200 and the apparatus 100 for generating a data stream 101, so that the Device 100 for generating a data stream 101, the output signal 230 of the satellite receiver 200 is supplied.
- the system 500 may transmit a receive signal 220 received from a satellite from a satellite receiver 200 to a device 100 for generating a data stream 101 to represent the receive signal 220 as a data stream 101.
- the transmission device 501 can, for example, transmit data packets 230 asynchronously, for example by a unidirectional transmission of the data packets 230 without a return channel.
- the transmitter 501 may be configured to transmit the data packets 230 without redundancy.
- the output signal 101 of the device 100 for generating a data stream is designed, for example, to have a temporal correlation to the output signal 230 of the satellite receiver 200.
- the transmitter 501 is capable of transmitting the data packets 230 under the influence of strong interference, which interference may cause individual packet losses.
- the data packets 230 may be transmitted over a non-fail-safe transmission channel 501 and transmitted at the receiver, i. in the device 100 for generating a data stream 101, have packet losses.
- the satellite receiver 200 may generate from the received received signal 220 a continuous data stream of data packets 230 and transmitted to the device 100.
- the device 100 for generating a data stream 101 can then, for example, generate from the received data packets 102 and the one or more filling packets 106 a continuous data stream 101 of data packets 102 and filling packets 106.
- the system 500 may provide an external channel by which the satellite receiver 200 can locate the corresponding location of the device 100 to generate a Communicate data stream 101.
- the data stream generating apparatus 101 may also communicate the position of the packet string mark 103 to the satellite receiver 200 via the external channel. The position may also be communicated by the system 500 to the satellite receiver 200 and the device 100 for generating a data stream 101 at power-up, or the system 500 may use the fixed-size position, such as within the satellite receiver 200 or the device 100 to generate a Data stream is present, be determined.
- a further method for detecting the packet sequence marking 103 may be, for example, searching the received data packets 111, 114 for a predetermined preamble 301 or synchronization pattern 301, for example from the satellite receiver 200 during the generation of the data packets 230 has been attached at a predetermined location in order to mark the time stamp 303 following, for example, the preamble 301.
- the sequence of samples 203 may first be provided with packet string marks by attaching packet string marks 103 at intervals of, for example, 1024 values, which are normally in the same location in different data packets.
- the packet sequence marks 103 consist of one or more values which overwrite the data, for example the samples.
- the data packet generator 202 does not always attach the packet sequence marks 103 to the same location within the data packet 230, for example due to disturbances. That is, the tag may vary within the data packet 230.
- the sequence of samples 203 (eg, after attaching the packet sequence tags) may be subdivided into data packets 210, 211.
- the data packet loss flag 104 searches for the preamble 301 on the assumption that the position of the preamble 301 does not change from one data packet 210 to the next data packet 211.
- the preamble 301 and the timestamp 303 may be in a fixed relationship.
- the time stamp 303 may directly follow the preamble 301. If the preamble 301 is not found at the expected location, the entire data packet 210, 211 may be searched for preamble 301.
- a data packet 210, 211 contains no preamble 301, it can be discarded, for example.
- the temporal reference of the data in the data packet 210, 211 can be understood relative to the packet sequence marking 103, ie if the packet sequence marker 103 shifts from one data packet 210 to the next data packet 211 by eg 100 values, then 105 100 fill values are inserted in the data packet processor (for example). assuming that the packet sequence marker 103 has changed accordingly, for example, that the counter reading 303 has increased by one and no entire data packet 210, 211 has been lost).
- FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of a satellite receiver 200 for providing data packets 640 which are based on received signals 230, 630, according to a further exemplary embodiment.
- the difference from the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 may be that the satellite receiver 200 from the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 only a received signal 220 or intermediate frequency signal 220 may comprise, while in the embodiment according to FIG. 6 a second received signal 630 or second intermediate frequency signal 630 may be available, which may for example be processed by a second sampler 601, while the sampler 201 may be the (FIG. first) receive signal 220 or intermediate frequency signal 220 can handle.
- the second sampler 601 may generate from a second receive signal 630 or second intermediate frequency signal 630 a third subsequence 605 of samples that the data packet generator 202 may use to generate a third data packet 612, a third packet string 614, and the third subsequence 605 may include.
- the scanner 201 may, for example, be temporally coupled to the second sampler 601, for example representable by a time offset 622 with which the third subsequence 605 is formed after the first subsequence 204.
- the first packet string 212 and the third packet string 614 may be equal if the timing relationship between the first subsequence 204 of samples of the sampler 201 and the third subsequence 605 of samples of the second sampler 604 is a time offset 622 between the first subsequence 204 and the third subsequence 604 which is within a tolerance interval.
- the scanner 201 and the second scanner 601 may operate at different sampling times, for example, the sampling time 620 of the scanner 201 and the sampling time 621 of the second scanner 601, which may be different.
- the first data packet 210 and the third data packet 612 may be assigned the same packet string flag 212, 614 if the time offset 622 between both subsequences is within a tolerance interval, or, for example, approximately zero in an ideal case.
- the tolerance interval can be determined from the larger of the two sampling times 620, 621 of scanner 201 and second sampler 601. In this case, it is assumed that the scanning of the last element of the first subsequence 204 and the scanning of the last element of the third subsequence 605 occur almost simultaneously in time, wherein an earlier simultaneity can be represented here with a resolution in steps of the sampling time 620.
- the sample time 620 may indicate the less accurate representation than the sample time 621, so the sample time 620 may represent a time resolution limit, for example.
- the sampling time 620 of the scanner 201 may also correspond to the sampling time 621 of the second sampler 601.
- the data packet generator 202 in this embodiment may generate two data packets 210, 612 having the same packet string mark 212, 614, both of which are "1" in this embodiment, then the data packets 640 generated by the satellite receiver 200 may be necessary in a device 100 for generating a data stream 101 to distinguish so that not a single data stream 101 is generated from the first data packet 210 and the third data packet 612, which here originate from two different received signals 220, 630, but with different data packets 210, 612
- This can be realized, for example, by the data packet generator 202 being designed to provide the data packets 210, 612, 211 with a channel marking which indicates whether the generated data packet 640 is a subsequence 204, 205 of the sampled values of the scanner 201 or a subsequence 605 de r samples of the second sampler 601.
- the channel marking may for example already be contained in an information of the received signal 220 or of the second received signal 630. However, it can also, alternatively or additionally, within the packet sequence marking 212, 614, 213 or comprise another part of the data packet 210, 612, 211.
- the system 700 comprises a satellite receiver 200, which for example evaluates a receive signal 220 and a second receive signal 630 6, and the system 700 includes a first device 702 for generating a data stream 706 and a second device 703 for generating a data stream 707, which may be coupled together may further comprise a transmission device 501, which may be implemented according to the embodiment of the system according to FIG. 5, and which may for example be designed to be connected between the satellite receiver 200 and a channel allocator 701, so that the channel assignment ner 701 the output 230 of the satellite receiver Ngers 200 can be supplied.
- the system 700 may include a channel allocator 701 that may, for example, supply the received data packets 102 using a channel marker of the first device 702 to generate a data stream 706 or the second device 703 to generate a data stream 707.
- the system 700 can be designed such that a first data stream 706 can be generated from a received signal 220, and From a second received signal 630, a second data stream 707 can be generated.
- the satellite receiver 200 may in this embodiment be able to process two receive signals 220, 630.
- the generated data packets 230 may have a channel assignment, which the channel allocator 701 can evaluate, so that the corresponding data packets 102 into two streams of data packets 704, 705, which can be supplied to the first device 702 or the second device 703 depending on the channel assignment.
- the first device 702 and the second device 703 may, for example, be coupled to one another by a common clock line, on the basis of which they receive synchronous first and second data streams 706 from received data packets 704, 705 with the same packet sequence marker 103, 707 can generate.
- a cross-correlation from the second data stream 707 to the first data stream 706 or from the second received signal 630 to the first received signal 220 can be evaluated, so that a correlation of two input signals 220, 630, which can belong to the different frequency bands, a more accurate Resolution can be enabled.
- the first data stream 706 can be correlated with a first correlation pattern and the second data stream 707 can be correlated with a second correlation pattern, wherein the two correlation patterns can differ.
- the two correlation patterns may be different.
- the results of the two correlations can be processed together (e.g., linked).
- Exemplary embodiments of the invention relate, for example, to satellite navigation receivers which have an asynchronous interface which, due to the limited transmission capacity, does not permit bidirectional transmission. While in bi-directional transmission on non-fail-safe transmission links there is a method called "handshaking" in which the receiver can request the faulty or untransmitted packets again, this is not a bidirectional transmission for satellite navigation receivers due to the limited transmission capacity allow, no feasible procedure.
- the method according to the invention it is possible, for example, in one embodiment to transmit digital signals with a low protocol outlay via a non-fail-safe unidirectional transmission path, so that a clear assignment of the measuring instant of the individual signal values is possible at the receiver.
- a specific exemplary embodiment of the method can comprise four steps: in a first step, a grouping into packages can be carried out, in a second step the packages can be provided with a time stamp, in a third step the packages can be transmitted and in one fourth step, the packages can be reconstructed.
- the method steps of this special embodiment will be described below.
- the first step may include grouping into packages.
- the data stream in the non-fail-safe unidirectional transmission channel may consist of a string of packets.
- the sender can, for example, send data packets of the same length.
- an appropriate number of contiguous data bytes can be overridden by a timestamp through appropriate circuitry in each packet. For example, this timestamp can take on two tasks.
- a counter included in the time stamp may provide each packet with the current count incremented by one for each new packet.
- the receiver may be enabled by comparing previous and current counts to detect if a packet has been lost. On the other hand, for example, after initialization under normal conditions, the time stamp can always be found at the same position within the packet.
- the receiver additionally has, for example, the information that the packet has been correctly generated at the transmitter. In case of deviations, the receiver can react accordingly.
- the position where the timestamp is located within the packet may also vary. For example, the position is not set during initialization. After a successful initialization, the position is fixed in error-free operation in some embodiments, and the time stamp is at least until a subsequent reinitialization at the initialized predetermined position.
- the system may, for example, be designed to detect a position of the time stamp or a change in the position of the time stamp between successive packets. In the event of a deviation or "slippage" of the time delay from the predetermined position, the system can thus conclude that the transmission has failed and, for example, report a transmission error.
- the frequency bands can be sampled synchronously with each other.
- the application of the time stamp on the individual data streams can be done by overwriting samples which are measured at the same time, thus ensuring synchronization over several frequency bands.
- a second step of the method may include attaching a timestamp or packet string marker 300 to the data packets.
- the packet sequence marking 300 can consist of a preamble 301 with, for example, a defined byte sequence and, for example, a 16-bit counter 303. After a counter overflow, it can start again at the start value.
- the preamble 301 may be for finding the timestamp 303 within the data stream.
- FIG. 3 shows the format of the packet sequence marker 300, as may be used in one embodiment. Other formats and longer or shorter timestamps 303 are also possible. For example, FIG.
- FIG. 3 shows the timestamp 303 in a prototype implementation in hexadecimal notation, where the data word 304 (OxHH) may represent the upper 8 bits of the stamp and the data word 305 (OxLL) may represent the lower 8 bits of the stamp.
- a third step of the method may include the transmission.
- the data transmission can be an asynchronous transmission. This is, for example, unidirectional, ie there is no return channel for requesting a packet again or no redundancy in the transmitted data.
- a packet which does not arrive at the receiver can be identified as missing by the method presented here in order to be taken into account accordingly in the further processing.
- a fourth step of the process may involve the reconstruction.
- the time stamp 303 can be read out on the receive side for each packet. From the value of the stem 303, the position of the packet in the data stream can be defined. Missing packets can be detected by the fact that the difference of the time stamps 303 between the currently received and the last received packet differs from 1. The missing packets can be replaced on the reception side by so-called null packets.
- a high number of lost packets can be z. B. indicate other hardware issues.
- the content of the null packets should be chosen so that they have as little effect as possible on the recipient. have ger. For example, it is possible to select all values in the null packet as zero, or to select the samples in the null packet purely randomly.
- Limits of the reconstruction are given by the maximum value of the time stamp 303.
- the described method may function as long as the number of lost packets between two successfully received packets in a data stream is less than the maximum value of the time stamp 303. If more packets are lost, for example, it is no longer possible to determine the correct number of lost packets on the receiving side, unless there is another source of information, for example a PC clock, which provides a rough estimate of the number of lost packets.
- the efficiency of fleet management of e.g. Traffic operations or transport by the inventive concept can be increased by the correlation of the data packets (for example, with a reference pattern), for example, no longer carried out in the vehicle, but is performed in a central office.
- the central office can provide greater computing capacity and an overview of the data of several vehicles.
- the satellite receiver 200 in the vehicle using the method according to the invention can be constructed very compact and need, for example, no large or optimally no computing capacity for correlation calculations provide, for example, if these steps are performed by the control center.
- the control center could then inform the vehicles of their current positions via a control channel using control instructions.
- the satellite receiver 200 may, for example, also be connected via a USB interface (universal serial bus). Interface) or an alternative transmission-error-prone bidirectional interface, which can be used, for example, to transmit the data packets 230 to the device 100.
- a USB interface for example, allows bidirectional data transmission, it can be used in one embodiment of the method according to the invention. For example, it may be more efficient to operate a bidirectional interface unidirectionally and to perform a receiver-side evaluation using the concept described here or by means of correlation methods, for example, than to cause a re-request of the defective packets in the case of each error. For example, control information with a low data rate could be sent in the return channel of the bidirectional interface.
- the device 100 for generating a data stream 101, the satellite receiver 200 and the components of the systems 500, 700 for transmitting data packets based on a received signal of a satellite receiver and provided with packet string marks can be implemented in digital or analog logic, such as electronic or photonic circuits.
- the method according to the invention can be implemented in hardware or in software.
- the implementation may be on a digital storage medium, in particular a floppy disk or CD with electronically readable control signals, which may interact with a programmable computer system such that the corresponding method is executed.
- the invention thus also consists in a computer program product with program code stored on a machine-readable carrier for carrying out the method according to the invention when the computer program product runs on a computer.
- the invention can thus be described as a computer program with a program. program code are implemented to perform the method when the computer program runs on a computer.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
- Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008014981A DE102008014981B4 (de) | 2008-03-19 | 2008-03-19 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines Datenstroms basierend auf mit Paketfolgemarkierungen versehenen Datenpaketen und Satellitenempfänger zum Bereitstellen des Datenstroms |
| PCT/EP2009/002011 WO2009115320A2 (de) | 2008-03-19 | 2009-03-18 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum erzeugen eines datenstroms basierend auf mit paketfolgemarkierungen versehenen datenpaketen und satellitenempfänger zum bereitstellen des datenstroms |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2257827A2 true EP2257827A2 (de) | 2010-12-08 |
Family
ID=41060334
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09721270A Withdrawn EP2257827A2 (de) | 2008-03-19 | 2009-03-18 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum erzeugen eines datenstroms basierend auf mit paketfolgemarkierungen versehenen datenpaketen und satellitenempfänger zum bereitstellen des datenstroms |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8451170B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2257827A2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102008014981B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2009115320A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9933978B2 (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2018-04-03 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for processing data |
| US10038493B2 (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2018-07-31 | Avago Technologies General Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd | Internet protocol low noise block front end architecture |
| US9432728B1 (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-08-30 | The Directv Group, Inc. | Peripheral transponder bonding module |
| DE102018206137A1 (de) * | 2018-04-20 | 2019-10-24 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Paket-Korrelator für ein Funkübertragungssystem |
| CN112291076A (zh) * | 2019-07-25 | 2021-01-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | 丢包定位方法、装置及系统、计算机存储介质 |
| US11943125B2 (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2024-03-26 | Dish Network Technologies India Private Limited | Discontinuity detection in transport streams |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1220830A (en) * | 1984-12-28 | 1987-04-21 | David S. Drynan | Transmitting sequence numbers of information in a packet data transmission system |
| US5379224A (en) | 1991-11-29 | 1995-01-03 | Navsys Corporation | GPS tracking system |
| US6449485B1 (en) * | 1999-01-22 | 2002-09-10 | International Business Machines Corporation | Technique for mobile wireless device location |
| EP1641193A1 (de) | 1999-05-25 | 2006-03-29 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Verfahren für Telekommunikation mit Internetprotokoll |
| GB9930788D0 (en) * | 1999-12-30 | 2000-02-16 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Method and apparatus for converting data streams |
| GB2358558B (en) * | 2000-01-18 | 2003-10-15 | Mitel Corp | Packet loss compensation method using injection of spectrally shaped noise |
| US7065213B2 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2006-06-20 | Scientific-Atlanta, Inc. | In a subscriber network receiving digital packets and transmitting digital packets below a predetermined maximum bit rate |
| CA2411991A1 (en) * | 2001-11-19 | 2003-05-19 | Linear Systems Ltd. | Transmitting digital video signals over an ip network |
| US7590991B2 (en) * | 2003-10-09 | 2009-09-15 | Terayon Communication Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for determining channel to which a TV or VCR is tuned |
| GB0418357D0 (en) | 2004-08-18 | 2004-09-22 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Gps receiver and related method and apparatus |
-
2008
- 2008-03-19 DE DE102008014981A patent/DE102008014981B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-03-18 US US12/933,154 patent/US8451170B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-03-18 EP EP09721270A patent/EP2257827A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-03-18 WO PCT/EP2009/002011 patent/WO2009115320A2/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2009115320A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2009115320A3 (de) | 2010-03-18 |
| DE102008014981A1 (de) | 2009-10-15 |
| US8451170B2 (en) | 2013-05-28 |
| US20110050491A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
| WO2009115320A2 (de) | 2009-09-24 |
| DE102008014981B4 (de) | 2013-11-07 |
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