EP2228529B1 - Cylinder head for a natural aspirated engine and usage of such a cylinder head - Google Patents

Cylinder head for a natural aspirated engine and usage of such a cylinder head Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2228529B1
EP2228529B1 EP10153963.3A EP10153963A EP2228529B1 EP 2228529 B1 EP2228529 B1 EP 2228529B1 EP 10153963 A EP10153963 A EP 10153963A EP 2228529 B1 EP2228529 B1 EP 2228529B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
cylinder
exhaust
cylinder head
cylinders
line
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EP10153963.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2228529B2 (en
EP2228529A1 (en
Inventor
Kai Kuhlbach
Guenther Bartsch
Jens Dunstheimer
Martin Lutz
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/42Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
    • F02F1/4264Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads of exhaust channels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F01N13/10Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
    • F01N13/105Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds having the form of a chamber directly connected to the cylinder head, e.g. without having tubes connected between cylinder head and chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/243Cylinder heads and inlet or exhaust manifolds integrally cast together

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of such a cylinder head.
  • Suction engines have - as all internal combustion engines - a cylinder block and at least one cylinder head, which are connected to form the cylinder with each other.
  • the cylinder block has cylinder bores for receiving the pistons or the cylinder tubes.
  • the pistons are guided axially movably in the cylinder tubes and, together with the cylinder tubes and the cylinder head, form the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine.
  • the cylinder head is usually used to hold the valve train.
  • an internal combustion engine requires control means and actuators to operate these controls.
  • the expulsion of the combustion gases via the outlet openings takes place the three cylinders and the filling of the combustion chambers ie the intake of the fresh mixture or the fresh air through the inlet openings.
  • four-stroke engines almost exclusively lift valves are used as control members that perform an oscillating lifting movement during operation of the internal combustion engine and thus release the inlet and outlet ports and close.
  • the required for the movement of the valves valve actuating mechanism including the valves themselves is referred to as a valve train.
  • valve train It is the task of the valve train to open the intake and exhaust ports of the combustion chambers in time or close, with a quick release of the largest possible flow cross sections is sought to keep the throttle losses in the incoming and outflowing gas flows low and the best possible filling of Combustion rooms with fresh mixture or an effective, ie To ensure complete removal of the exhaust gases.
  • each cylinder of the cylinder head according to the invention also has at least two exhaust ports for discharging the exhaust gases from the cylinder, to ensure an effective discharge of the exhaust gases.
  • a cylinder head of this and the type mentioned above discloses, for example, the EP 2 123 892 A1 which describes a cylinder head with three cylinders arranged in series, of which two cylinders form external cylinders and one cylinder is an internal cylinder.
  • the exhaust ports of two cylinders are usually open at the same time at any time.
  • the cylinders have an offset of 240 ° CA, so that the charge changes, in particular the expelling of the combustion gases, are effected in succession, ie. H. run separately from each other, sometimes with a - then small - overlap.
  • the inlet ducts leading to the inlet openings and the outlet ducts, ie exhaust ducts, which adjoin the outlet openings are at least partially integrated in the cylinder head according to the prior art.
  • the exhaust pipes of the cylinders are usually combined to form a common total exhaust gas line or groups of several total exhaust gas lines.
  • the combination of exhaust pipes to an overall exhaust line is generally and in the context of the present invention referred to as exhaust manifold.
  • the exhaust pipes of the three cylinders are combined within the cylinder head to form an integrated exhaust manifold to an overall exhaust line, wherein first connect the exhaust pipes of the at least two exhaust ports of each cylinder to a cylinder associated partial exhaust line before the partial exhaust gas lines merge the three cylinders to the entire exhaust line ,
  • the total travel distance of all exhaust pipes is thereby shortened.
  • the gradual merging of the exhaust pipes to an overall exhaust line also contributes to a more compact, d. H. less voluminous design of the cylinder head and thus in particular to a weight reduction and a more effective packaging in the engine compartment.
  • an external exhaust manifold i. H. a provided outside of the cylinder head manifold is provided.
  • the use of an external exhaust manifold results from the - in particular during the charge cycle - running in the Abgasabriossystem running dynamic wave processes and the objective to optimize the exhaust manifold with respect to the charge exchange, to ensure in this way a satisfactory torque characteristic of the suction motor.
  • the evacuation of the combustion gases from a cylinder of the internal combustion engine in the context of the charge exchange is based essentially on two different mechanisms.
  • the exhaust valve opens near bottom dead center, the combustion gases flow at high speed due to the high pressure levels prevailing in the cylinder towards the end of the combustion and the associated high pressure difference between the combustion chamber and the exhaust gas tract the outlet opening in the Abgasab 2015system.
  • This pressure-driven flow process is accompanied by a high pressure peak, which is also referred to as Vorlstramatiduct and propagates along the exhaust pipe at the speed of sound, whereby the pressure degrades more or less with increasing distance and depending on the wiring due to friction, ie reduced.
  • the dynamic wave processes or pressure fluctuations in the Abgasabriossystem are the reason that the staggered working cylinder of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine when changing the charge influence each other, especially hinder or support.
  • the dynamic wave processes in the exhaust gas removal system can also be used to optimize the gas exchange. It is taken into account that pressure fluctuations propagate in gaseous media as waves, which run through the exhaust pipes and are reflected at open or closed line ends. The exhaust gas flow or the local exhaust gas pressure in the Abgasab2020system then results from the superposition of the leading and reflected wave.
  • An integrated manifold basically leads to a more compact design of the internal combustion engine and allows a tight packaging of the entire drive unit in the engine compartment.
  • the integration of the exhaust manifold may be beneficial to the placement and operation of an exhaust aftertreatment system provided downstream of the manifold.
  • the path of the hot exhaust gases to the various exhaust aftertreatment systems should be as short as possible so that the exhaust gases are given little time to cool down and the exhaust aftertreatment systems reach their operating temperature or light-off temperature as quickly as possible, in particular after a cold start of the internal combustion engine.
  • the cylinder head according to the invention has an integrated exhaust manifold and thus all the advantages that result from an integration of the manifold in the cylinder head, wherein in the present case merge the exhaust pipes of the three cylinders within the cylinder head to form an integrated exhaust manifold to an overall exhaust line.
  • exhaust pipes can be formed with different line lengths.
  • suitable line lengths are selected with regard to an optimized charge exchange in order to ensure a satisfactory torque characteristic, taking into account the dynamic wave processes taking place in the exhaust gas removal system.
  • two or more exhaust pipes - but not all exhaust pipes - the manifold of a cylinder head according to the invention have the same cable lengths.
  • the route length between the outlet opening and the total exhaust gas line is referred to as line length.
  • the present invention asymmetrically designed manifold causes the exhaust gas flows of some cylinders are less deflected than in a symmetrically designed exhaust manifold.
  • the exhaust pipes or partial exhaust gas lines of some cylinders have smaller curvatures until they enter the total exhaust gas line than the lines of a symmetrically designed exhaust gas manifold according to the prior art.
  • the wiring of the exhaust manifold of the present invention is a small flow resistance in discharging the exhaust gases from the cylinders, which improves the torque characteristic of the internal combustion engine.
  • a cylinder head according to the preamble of claim 1, d. H. provide the generic type, which offers the benefits of an integrated exhaust manifold, without the need to dispense with the favorable achievable with an external exhaust manifold torque characteristic.
  • Another object of the present invention is to show a use of such a cylinder head.
  • the first sub-task on which the invention is based is achieved, namely to provide a cylinder head which offers the advantages of an integrated exhaust manifold, without having to forego the favorable torque characteristic that can be realized with an external exhaust manifold.
  • a cylinder head which has three cylinders and is equipped with a symmetrically designed integrated exhaust manifold, exhaust pipes have different lengths.
  • the line lengths are then not freely selectable to the extent as in a cylinder head according to the invention.
  • the line lengths of the outer cylinder in a symmetrical exhaust manifold are generally the same size, whereas the line lengths of these cylinders can differ significantly according to the invention.
  • the exhaust gas lines of three cylinders are brought together to form an integrated exhaust manifold within the cylinder head to form an overall exhaust gas line.
  • a naturally aspirated engine can also have two cylinder heads according to the invention, if, for example, the cylinders are distributed over two cylinder banks, as in a V-type engine.
  • Embodiments of the cylinder head in which the total exhaust gas line exits the cylinder head at a distance x from a first outer cylinder are advantageous with 0.60 L ⁇ x ⁇ 0.85 L, where L denotes the distance of the two outer cylinders along the longitudinal axis.
  • Embodiments of the cylinder head in which the total exhaust gas line exits the cylinder head at a distance x from the first outer cylinder are particularly advantageous with 0.65 L ⁇ x ⁇ 0.80 L, preferably 0.70 L ⁇ x ⁇ 0.80 L ,
  • first and second outer cylinder are numbered and referred to herein as the first and second outer cylinder.
  • first outer cylinder or a Reference plane, which is defined by the longitudinal axis of this first outer cylinder and which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder head.
  • the distance x of the total exhaust gas line from the first outer cylinder then results as a distance between a plane which is laid through the central axis of the entire exhaust line and which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder head, and the reference plane.
  • the distance y of the free end of the wall from the first outer cylinder results as a distance between a plane which bears against the free end of the wall and is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder head, and the reference plane, which has already been defined above.
  • a use for a cylinder head of the type described above is characterized in that the cylinder head is used to form a suction motor.
  • the cylinder head according to the invention can be used in particular for an in-line engine or a V-engine in which the cylinders are arranged distributed on two cylinder banks.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an embodiment of the cylinder head 1.
  • the cylinder head 1 has three cylinders 3, which are arranged along the longitudinal axis 2 of the cylinder head 1, ie in series, and thus via two outer cylinder 3a and an inner cylinder 3b.
  • the distance L of the two outer cylinders 3a corresponds to the distance between the two planes A and B, each of which extends through the longitudinal axis of an outer cylinder 3a and is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 2 of the cylinder head 1.
  • the first Outer cylinder 3, 3 a extending plane A serves as a reference plane A, from which the distances x, y are measured.
  • Each cylinder 3 has two outlet openings, followed by the exhaust pipes 4 for discharging the exhaust gases.
  • the exhaust pipes 4 of the three cylinders 3 lead together to form an integrated exhaust manifold 7 within the cylinder head 1 to an overall exhaust line 6, the exhaust pipes 4 merge each cylinder 3 to a cylinder 3 associated partial exhaust line 5, before the partial exhaust 5 then the total exhaust line 6 form ,
  • the distance x of the total exhaust line 6 from the first outer cylinder 3a corresponds to the distance of the plane C, which extends through the central axis of the entire exhaust line 6 and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 2 of the cylinder head 1, from the reference plane A.
  • the partial exhaust gas line 5 of the second outer cylinder 3a and the partial exhaust gas line 5 of the inner cylinder 3b first converge before these partial exhaust gas lines 5 merge with the partial exhaust gas line 5 of the first outer cylinder 3a to form the overall exhaust gas line 6.
  • the distance y of the free end 8a from the first outer cylinder 3a corresponds to the distance between the plane D, which bears against the free end 8a of the wall 8 and is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 2 of the cylinder head 1, and the reference plane A.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Zylinderkopf für einen Saugmotor, der

  • drei entlang der Längsachse des Zylinderkopfes in Reihe angeordnete Zylinder aufweist, von denen zwei Zylinder außenliegende Zylinder bilden und ein Zylinder ein innenliegender Zylinder ist, wobei jeder Zylinder mindestens zwei Auslaßöffnungen zum Abführen der Abgase aus dem Zylinder via Abgasabführsystem aufweist, wozu sich an jede Auslaßöffnung eine Abgasleitung anschließt, und bei dem
  • die Abgasleitungen der mindestens drei Zylinder innerhalb des Zylinderkopfes unter Ausbildung eines integrierten Abgaskrümmers zu einer Gesamtabgasleitung zusammenführen, wobei der integrierte Abgaskrümmer asymmetrisch in der Art ausgebildet ist, dass die Gesamtabgasleitung bezüglich des Krümmers außermittig aus dem Zylinderkopf austritt, und zunächst die Abgasleitungen der mindestens zwei Auslaßöffnungen jedes Zylinders zu einer dem Zylinder zugehörigen Teilabgasleitung zusammenführen bevor die Teilabgasleitungen der drei Zylinder zu einer Gesamtabgasleitung zusammenführen.
The invention relates to a cylinder head for a naturally aspirated engine
  • three cylinders arranged in series along the longitudinal axis of the cylinder head, of which two cylinders form external cylinders and one cylinder is an internal cylinder, each cylinder having at least two outlet ports for discharging the exhaust gases from the cylinder via the exhaust system, to which end an exhaust port Exhaust pipe connects, and at the
  • the exhaust pipes of the at least three cylinders within the cylinder head merge together to form an integrated exhaust manifold, the integrated exhaust manifold being asymmetrical in nature such that the entire exhaust line exits the cylinder head eccentrically with respect to the manifold, and first the exhaust pipes of the at least two exhaust ports merge each cylinder to a partial exhaust gas line associated with the cylinder before the partial exhaust gas lines of the three cylinders merge to form an overall exhaust gas line.

Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung die Verwendung eines derartigen Zylinderkopfes.Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of such a cylinder head.

Saugmotoren verfügen - wie alle Brennkraftmaschinen - über einen Zylinderblock und mindestens einen Zylinderkopf, die zur Ausbildung der Zylinder miteinander verbunden werden. Der Zylinderblock weist zur Aufnahme der Kolben bzw. der Zylinderrohre Zylinderbohrungen auf. Die Kolben werden axial beweglich in den Zylinderrohren geführt und bilden zusammen mit den Zylinderrohren und dem Zylinderkopf die Brennräume der Brennkraftmaschine aus.Suction engines have - as all internal combustion engines - a cylinder block and at least one cylinder head, which are connected to form the cylinder with each other. The cylinder block has cylinder bores for receiving the pistons or the cylinder tubes. The pistons are guided axially movably in the cylinder tubes and, together with the cylinder tubes and the cylinder head, form the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine.

Der Zylinderkopf dient üblicherweise zur Aufnahme des Ventiltriebs. Um den Ladungswechsel zu steuern, benötigt eine Brennkraftmaschine Steuerorgane und Betätigungseinrichtungen zur Betätigung dieser Steuerorgane. Im Rahmen des Ladungswechsels erfolgt das Ausschieben der Verbrennungsgase über die Auslaßöffnungen der drei Zylinder und das Füllen der Brennräume d. h. das Ansaugen des Frischgemisches bzw. der Frischluft über die Einlaßöffnungen. Zur Steuerung des Ladungswechsels werden bei Viertaktmotoren nahezu ausschließlich Hubventile als Steuerorgane verwendet, die während des Betriebs der Brennkraftmaschine eine oszillierende Hubbewegung ausführen und auf diese Weise die Ein- und Auslaßöffnungen freigeben und verschließen. Der für die Bewegung der Ventile erforderliche Ventilbetätigungsmechanismus einschließlich der Ventile selbst wird als Ventiltrieb bezeichnet.The cylinder head is usually used to hold the valve train. In order to control the charge cycle, an internal combustion engine requires control means and actuators to operate these controls. As part of the change of charge, the expulsion of the combustion gases via the outlet openings takes place the three cylinders and the filling of the combustion chambers ie the intake of the fresh mixture or the fresh air through the inlet openings. To control the charge cycle four-stroke engines almost exclusively lift valves are used as control members that perform an oscillating lifting movement during operation of the internal combustion engine and thus release the inlet and outlet ports and close. The required for the movement of the valves valve actuating mechanism including the valves themselves is referred to as a valve train.

Es ist die Aufgabe des Ventiltriebes die Einlaß- und Auslaßöffnungen der Brennkammern rechtzeitig freizugeben bzw. zu schließen, wobei eine schnelle Freigabe möglichst großer Strömungsquerschnitte angestrebt wird, um die Drosselverluste in den ein- bzw. ausströmenden Gasströmungen gering zu halten und eine möglichst gute Füllung der Brennräume mit Frischgemisch bzw. ein effektives, d.h. vollständiges Abführen der Abgase zu gewährleisten.It is the task of the valve train to open the intake and exhaust ports of the combustion chambers in time or close, with a quick release of the largest possible flow cross sections is sought to keep the throttle losses in the incoming and outflowing gas flows low and the best possible filling of Combustion rooms with fresh mixture or an effective, ie To ensure complete removal of the exhaust gases.

Daher weist jeder Zylinder des erfindungsgemäßen Zylinderkopfes auch mindestens zwei Auslaßöffnungen zum Abführen der Abgase aus dem Zylinder auf, um ein effektives Abführen der Abgase zu gewährleisten.Therefore, each cylinder of the cylinder head according to the invention also has at least two exhaust ports for discharging the exhaust gases from the cylinder, to ensure an effective discharge of the exhaust gases.

Einen Zylinderkopf dieser und der eingangs genannten Art offenbart beispielsweise die EP 2 123 892 A1 , welche einen Zylinderkopf mit drei in Reihe angeordneten Zylindern beschreibt, von denen zwei Zylinder außenliegende Zylinder bilden und ein Zylinder ein innenliegender Zylinder ist.A cylinder head of this and the type mentioned above discloses, for example, the EP 2 123 892 A1 which describes a cylinder head with three cylinders arranged in series, of which two cylinders form external cylinders and one cylinder is an internal cylinder.

Bei einem Vier-Takt-Saugmotor mit drei Zylindern sind die Auslaßöffnungen von zwei Zylindern in der Regel zu keinem Zeitpunkt gleichzeitig geöffnet. Die Zylinder weisen bezüglich ihrer Arbeitsprozesse einen Versatz von 240°KW auf, so dass die Ladungswechsel, insbesondere das Ausschieben der Verbrennungsgase, nacheinander, d. h. getrennt voneinander ablaufen, gelegentlich auch mit einer - dann aber geringen - Überschneidung.In a four-cycle naturally aspirated engine with three cylinders, the exhaust ports of two cylinders are usually open at the same time at any time. With regard to their working processes, the cylinders have an offset of 240 ° CA, so that the charge changes, in particular the expelling of the combustion gases, are effected in succession, ie. H. run separately from each other, sometimes with a - then small - overlap.

Die Einlaßkanäle, die zu den Einlaßöffnungen führen, und die Auslaßkanäle, d. h. Abgasleitungen, die sich an die Auslaßöffnungen anschließen, sind nach dem Stand der Technik zumindest teilweise im Zylinderkopf integriert. Die Abgasleitungen der Zylinder werden in der Regel zu einer gemeinsamen Gesamtabgasleitung oder gruppenweise zu mehreren Gesamtabgasleitungen zusammengeführt. Die Zusammenführung von Abgasleitungen zu einer Gesamtabgasleitung wird im Allgemeinen und im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung als Abgaskrümmer bezeichnet.The inlet ducts leading to the inlet openings and the outlet ducts, ie exhaust ducts, which adjoin the outlet openings are at least partially integrated in the cylinder head according to the prior art. The exhaust pipes of the cylinders are usually combined to form a common total exhaust gas line or groups of several total exhaust gas lines. The combination of exhaust pipes to an overall exhaust line is generally and in the context of the present invention referred to as exhaust manifold.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Zylinderkopf werden die Abgasleitungen der drei Zylinder innerhalb des Zylinderkopfes unter Ausbildung eines integrierten Abgaskrümmers zu einer Gesamtabgasleitung zusammengeführt, wobei zunächst die Abgasleitungen der mindestens zwei Auslaßöffnungen jedes Zylinders zu einer dem Zylinder zugehörigen Teilabgasleitung zusammenführen bevor die Teilabgasleitungen der drei Zylinder zu der Gesamtabgasleitung zusammenführen.In the cylinder head according to the invention, the exhaust pipes of the three cylinders are combined within the cylinder head to form an integrated exhaust manifold to an overall exhaust line, wherein first connect the exhaust pipes of the at least two exhaust ports of each cylinder to a cylinder associated partial exhaust line before the partial exhaust gas lines merge the three cylinders to the entire exhaust line ,

Die Gesamtwegstrecke aller Abgasleitungen wird hierdurch verkürzt. Das stufenweise Zusammenführen der Abgasleitungen zu einer Gesamtabgasleitung trägt zudem zu einer kompakteren, d. h. weniger voluminösen Bauweise des Zylinderkopfes und damit insbesondere zu einer Gewichtsreduzierung und einem effektiveren Packaging im Motorraum bei.The total travel distance of all exhaust pipes is thereby shortened. The gradual merging of the exhaust pipes to an overall exhaust line also contributes to a more compact, d. H. less voluminous design of the cylinder head and thus in particular to a weight reduction and a more effective packaging in the engine compartment.

Bei einem Saugmotor werden die Abgasleitungen nach dem Stand der Technik häufig auch außerhalb des Zylinderkopfes zu einer Gesamtabgasleitung zusammengeführt, wozu ein externer Abgaskrümmer, d. h. ein außerhalb des Zylinderkopfes befindlicher Krümmer vorgesehen wird. Die Verwendung eines externen Abgaskrümmers resultiert aus den - insbesondere während des Ladungswechsels - im Abgasabführsystem ablaufenden dynamischen Wellenvorgängen und der Zielsetzung, den Abgaskrümmer hinsichtlich des Ladungswechsels zu optimieren, um auf diese Weise eine zufriedenstellende Drehmomentcharakteristik des Saugmotors zu gewährleisten.In a naturally aspirated engine, the exhaust pipes according to the prior art are often also combined outside the cylinder head to form an overall exhaust gas line, for which purpose an external exhaust manifold, i. H. a provided outside of the cylinder head manifold is provided. The use of an external exhaust manifold results from the - in particular during the charge cycle - running in the Abgasabführsystem running dynamic wave processes and the objective to optimize the exhaust manifold with respect to the charge exchange, to ensure in this way a satisfactory torque characteristic of the suction motor.

Die Evakuierung der Verbrennungsgase aus einem Zylinder der Brennkraftmaschine im Rahmen des Ladungswechsels beruht im Wesentlichen auf zwei unterschiedlichen Mechanismen. Wenn sich zu Beginn des Ladungswechsels das Auslaßventil nahe dem unteren Totpunkt öffnet, strömen die Verbrennungsgase aufgrund des gegen Ende der Verbrennung im Zylinder vorherrschenden hohen Druckniveaus und der damit verbundenen hohen Druckdifferenz zwischen Brennraum und Abgastrakt mit hoher Geschwindigkeit durch die Auslaßöffnung in das Abgasabführsystem. Dieser druckgetriebene Strömungsvorgang wird durch eine hohe Druckspitze begleitet, die auch als Vorauslaßstoß bezeichnet wird und sich entlang der Abgasleitung mit Schallgeschwindigkeit fortpflanzt, wobei sich der Druck mit zunehmender Wegstrecke und in Abhängigkeit von der Leitungsführung infolge Reibung mehr oder weniger stark abbaut, d. h. verringert.The evacuation of the combustion gases from a cylinder of the internal combustion engine in the context of the charge exchange is based essentially on two different mechanisms. When at the beginning of the charge cycle, the exhaust valve opens near bottom dead center, the combustion gases flow at high speed due to the high pressure levels prevailing in the cylinder towards the end of the combustion and the associated high pressure difference between the combustion chamber and the exhaust gas tract the outlet opening in the Abgasabführsystem. This pressure-driven flow process is accompanied by a high pressure peak, which is also referred to as Vorlaßstoß and propagates along the exhaust pipe at the speed of sound, whereby the pressure degrades more or less with increasing distance and depending on the wiring due to friction, ie reduced.

Im weiteren Verlauf des Ladungswechsels gleichen sich die Drücke im Zylinder und in der Abgasleitung weitgehend aus, so dass die Verbrennungsgase maßgeblich infolge der Hubbewegung des Kolbens ausgeschoben werden.In the course of the charge cycle, the pressures in the cylinder and in the exhaust pipe are largely the same, so that the combustion gases are pushed out significantly as a result of the stroke of the piston.

Die dynamischen Wellenvorgänge bzw. Druckschwankungen im Abgasabführsystem sind der Grund dafür, dass sich die versetzt arbeitenden Zylinder einer Mehrzylinder-Brennkraftmaschine beim Ladungswechsel gegenseitig beeinflussen, insbesondere auch behindern oder unterstützen können.The dynamic wave processes or pressure fluctuations in the Abgasabführsystem are the reason that the staggered working cylinder of a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine when changing the charge influence each other, especially hinder or support.

Insofern können die dynamischen Wellenvorgänge im Abgasabführsystem auch zur Optimierung des Ladungswechsels genutzt werden. Dabei wird berücksichtigt, dass sich Druckschwankungen in gasförmigen Medien als Wellen ausbreiten, welche durch die Abgasleitungen laufen und an offenen oder geschlossenen Leitungsenden reflektiert werden. Die Abgasströmung bzw. der lokale Abgasdruck im Abgasabführsystem ergibt sich dann aus der Überlagerung der vorlaufenden und reflektierten Welle.In this respect, the dynamic wave processes in the exhaust gas removal system can also be used to optimize the gas exchange. It is taken into account that pressure fluctuations propagate in gaseous media as waves, which run through the exhaust pipes and are reflected at open or closed line ends. The exhaust gas flow or the local exhaust gas pressure in the Abgasabführsystem then results from the superposition of the leading and reflected wave.

Als vorteilhaft erweist es sich beispielsweise, wenn gegen Ende des Ladungswechsels an der Auslaßöffnung Unterdruck bzw. ein vergleichsweise niedriger Druck vorherrscht, der die Evakuierung der Verbrennungsgase aus dem Zylinder unterstützt. Die Verbrennungsgase werden in dieser Phase des Ladungswechsels maßgeblich infolge der Hubbewegung des Kolbens ausgeschoben.It proves to be advantageous, for example, if at the end of the charge cycle at the outlet opening negative pressure or a comparatively low pressure prevails, which assists the evacuation of the combustion gases from the cylinder. The combustion gases are significantly pushed out in this phase of the charge change as a result of the stroke of the piston.

Die vorstehend beschriebenen physikalischen Zusammenhänge zusammen mit der Zielsetzung, den Abgaskrümmer hinsichtlich des Ladungswechsels zu optimieren, um auf diese Weise eine zufriedenstellende Drehmomentcharakteristik des Saugmotors zu gewährleisten, führen dazu, dass Saugmotoren nach dem Stand der Technik häufig mit externen Abgaskrümmern ausgestattet werden, um ausreichend lange Abgasleitungen ausbilden zu können.The physical relationships described above, together with the objective of optimizing the exhaust manifold with respect to the charge exchange, so as to ensure a satisfactory torque characteristic of the intake engine, lead to the fact that suction engines according to the prior art often with External exhaust manifolds are equipped to train sufficiently long exhaust pipes can.

Aus verschiedenen Gründen ist es aber vorteilhaft, auch Saugmotoren mit einem im Zylinderkopf integrierten Abgaskrümmer auszustatten, d. h. die Abgasleitungen der Zylinder innerhalb des Zylinderkopfes zu einer Gesamtabgasleitung zusammen zu führen.For various reasons, it is advantageous to equip naturally aspirated engines with an integrated exhaust manifold in the cylinder head, d. H. the exhaust gas lines of the cylinder inside the cylinder head to lead together to an overall exhaust gas line.

Ein integrierter Krümmer führt nämlich grundsätzlich zu einer kompakteren Bauweise der Brennkraftmaschine und gestattet ein dichtes Packaging der gesamten Antriebseinheit im Motorraum. Zudem ergeben sich Kostenvorteile, insbesondere bei der Herstellung und der Montage, und eine Gewichtsreduzierung der Brennkraftmaschine.An integrated manifold basically leads to a more compact design of the internal combustion engine and allows a tight packaging of the entire drive unit in the engine compartment. In addition, there are cost advantages, especially in the production and assembly, and a weight reduction of the internal combustion engine.

Des Weiteren kann sich die Integration des Abgaskrümmers vorteilhaft auf die Anordnung und den Betrieb eines Abgasnachbehandlungssystems, welches stromabwärts des Krümmers vorgesehen ist, auswirken. Der Weg der heißen Abgase zu den verschiedenen Abgasnachbehandlungssystemen sollte möglichst kurz sein, damit den Abgasen wenig Zeit zur Abkühlung eingeräumt wird und die Abgasnachbehandlungssysteme möglichst schnell ihre Betriebstemperatur bzw. Anspringtemperatur erreichen, insbesondere nach einem Kaltstart der Brennkraftmaschine.Further, the integration of the exhaust manifold may be beneficial to the placement and operation of an exhaust aftertreatment system provided downstream of the manifold. The path of the hot exhaust gases to the various exhaust aftertreatment systems should be as short as possible so that the exhaust gases are given little time to cool down and the exhaust aftertreatment systems reach their operating temperature or light-off temperature as quickly as possible, in particular after a cold start of the internal combustion engine.

In diesem Zusammenhang ist man bemüht, die thermische Trägheit des Teilstücks der Abgasleitung zwischen Auslaßöffnung am Zylinder und Abgasnachbehandlungssystem zu minimieren, was durch Reduzierung der Masse und der Länge dieses Teilstückes erreicht werden kann. Zielführend dabei ist die Integration des Abgaskrümmers in den Zylinderkopf.In this connection, efforts are made to minimize the thermal inertia of the section of the exhaust pipe between the outlet opening on the cylinder and exhaust aftertreatment system, which can be achieved by reducing the mass and the length of this section. Leading the way is the integration of the exhaust manifold in the cylinder head.

Der erfindungsgemäße Zylinderkopf verfügt über einen integrierten Abgaskrümmer und damit über sämtliche Vorteile, die aus einer Integration des Krümmers in den Zylinderkopf resultieren, wobei vorliegend die Abgasleitungen der drei Zylindern innerhalb des Zylinderkopfes unter Ausbildung eines integrierten Abgaskrümmers zu einer Gesamtabgasleitung zusammenführen.The cylinder head according to the invention has an integrated exhaust manifold and thus all the advantages that result from an integration of the manifold in the cylinder head, wherein in the present case merge the exhaust pipes of the three cylinders within the cylinder head to form an integrated exhaust manifold to an overall exhaust line.

Dadurch, dass der integrierte Abgaskrümmer asymmetrisch ausgebildet ist und die Gesamtabgasleitung nicht in der Mittelebene des Krümmers angeordnet ist, sondern außermittig, können Abgasleitungen mit unterschiedlichen Leitungslängen ausgebildet werden. Dabei werden hinsichtlich eines optimierten Ladungswechsels geeignete Leitungslängen gewählt, um eine zufriedenstellende Drehmomentcharakteristik sicherzustellen, wobei die im Abgasabführsystem ablaufenden dynamischen Wellenvorgänge berücksichtigt werden. Insofern können auch zwei oder mehrere Abgasleitungen - aber nicht sämtliche Abgasleitungen - des Krümmers eines erfindungsgemäßen Zylinderkopfes gleiche Leitungslängen aufweisen. Als Leitungslänge wird im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung die Wegstrecke zwischen Auslaßöffnung und Gesamtabgasleitung bezeichnet bzw. angesehen.Characterized in that the integrated exhaust manifold is formed asymmetrically and the entire exhaust line is not located in the median plane of the manifold, but off-center, exhaust pipes can be formed with different line lengths. In this case, suitable line lengths are selected with regard to an optimized charge exchange in order to ensure a satisfactory torque characteristic, taking into account the dynamic wave processes taking place in the exhaust gas removal system. In this respect, two or more exhaust pipes - but not all exhaust pipes - the manifold of a cylinder head according to the invention have the same cable lengths. In the context of the present invention, the route length between the outlet opening and the total exhaust gas line is referred to as line length.

Die außermittige Anordnung der Gesamtabgasleitung, d. h. der erfindungsgemäß asymmetrisch ausgebildete Krümmer führt dazu, dass die Abgasströmungen einiger Zylinder weniger stark umgelenkt werden als bei einem symmetrisch ausgebildeten Abgaskrümmer. Die Abgasleitungen bzw. Teilabgasleitungen einiger Zylinder weisen geringere Krümmungen bis zum Eintritt in die Gesamtabgasleitung auf als die Leitungen eines symmetrisch ausgebildeten Abgaskrümmers nach dem Stand der Technik. Infolgedessen stellt die Leitungsführung des erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskrümmers einen geringen Strömungswiderstand beim Abführen der Abgase aus den Zylindern dar, was die Drehmomentcharakteristik der Brennkraftmaschine verbessert.The eccentric arrangement of the total exhaust gas line, d. H. The present invention asymmetrically designed manifold causes the exhaust gas flows of some cylinders are less deflected than in a symmetrically designed exhaust manifold. The exhaust pipes or partial exhaust gas lines of some cylinders have smaller curvatures until they enter the total exhaust gas line than the lines of a symmetrically designed exhaust gas manifold according to the prior art. As a result, the wiring of the exhaust manifold of the present invention is a small flow resistance in discharging the exhaust gases from the cylinders, which improves the torque characteristic of the internal combustion engine.

Vor dem Hintergrund des oben Gesagten ist es eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Zylinderkopf gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, d. h. der gattungsbildenden Art bereitzustellen, der die Vorteile eines integrierten Abgaskrümmers bietet, ohne dass dabei auf die günstige mit einem externen Abgaskrümmer realisierbare Drehmomentcharakteristik verzichtet werden muß.Against the background of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cylinder head according to the preamble of claim 1, d. H. provide the generic type, which offers the benefits of an integrated exhaust manifold, without the need to dispense with the favorable achievable with an external exhaust manifold torque characteristic.

Eine weitere Teilaufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Verwendung eines derartigen Zylinderkopfes aufzuzeigen.Another object of the present invention is to show a use of such a cylinder head.

Gelöst wird die erste Teilaufgabe durch einen Zylinderkopf für einen Saugmotor, der

  • d rei entlang der Längsachse des Zylinderkopfes in Reihe angeordnete Zylinder aufweist, von denen zwei Zylinder außenliegende Zylinder bilden und ein Zylinder ein innenliegender Zylinder ist, wobei jeder Zylinder mindestens zwei Auslaßöffnungen zum Abführen der Abgase aus dem Zylinder via Abgasabführsystem aufweist, wozu sich an jede Auslaßöffnung eine Abgasleitung anschließt, und bei dem
  • d ie Abgasleitungen der mindestens drei Zylinder innerhalb des Zylinderkopfes unter Ausbildung eines integrierten Abgaskrümmers zu einer Gesamtabgasleitung zusammenführen, wobei der integrierte Abgaskrümmer asymmetrisch in der Art ausgebildet ist, dass die Gesamtabgasleitung bezüglich des Krümmers außermittig aus dem Zylinderkopf austritt, und zunächst die Abgasleitungen der mindestens zwei Auslaßöffnungen jedes Zylinders zu einer dem Zylinder zugehörigen Teilabgasleitung zusammenführen bevor die Teilabgasleitungen der drei Zylinder zu einer Gesamtabgasleitung zusammenführen,
und der dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass
  • z unächst die Teilabgasleitung des zweiten außenliegenden Zylinders und die Teilabgasleitung des innenliegenden Zylinders zusammenführen, bevor diese zusammen mit der Teilabgasleitung des ersten außenliegenden Zylinders zu der Gesamtabgasleitung zusammenführen.
The first subtask is solved by a cylinder head for a naturally aspirated engine
  • d 'has cylinders arranged in series along the longitudinal axis of the cylinder head, two cylinders of which form outboard cylinders and one cylinder is an inboard cylinder, each cylinder being at least two Exhaust ports for discharging the exhaust gases from the cylinder via Abgasabführsystem has what to each outlet opening an exhaust pipe connects, and in the
  • The exhaust pipes of the at least three cylinders within the cylinder head merge to form an integrated exhaust manifold to an overall exhaust line, wherein the integrated exhaust manifold is formed asymmetrically in such a way that the entire exhaust pipe emerges eccentrically from the cylinder head with respect to the manifold, and first the exhaust pipes of the at least two Combine exhaust ports of each cylinder into a partial exhaust gas line associated with the cylinder before the partial exhaust gas lines of the three cylinders combine to form an overall exhaust gas line,
and which is characterized in that
  • Initially, the partial exhaust gas line of the second outer cylinder and the partial exhaust gas line of the inner cylinder merge before they merge together with the partial exhaust gas line of the first outer cylinder to the total exhaust gas line.

Damit wird die erste der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Teilaufgabe gelöst, nämlich einen Zylinderkopf bereitzustellen, der die Vorteile eines integrierten Abgaskrümmers bietet, ohne dass auf die günstige mit einem externen Abgaskrümmer realisierbare Drehmomentcharakteristik verzichtet werden muß.Thus, the first sub-task on which the invention is based is achieved, namely to provide a cylinder head which offers the advantages of an integrated exhaust manifold, without having to forego the favorable torque characteristic that can be realized with an external exhaust manifold.

Grundsätzlich kann auch ein Zylinderkopf, der drei Zylinder aufweist und mit einem symmetrisch ausgebildeten integrierten Abgaskrümmer ausgestattet ist, Abgasleitungen unterschiedlicher Länge aufweisen. Die Leitungslängen sind dann aber nicht in dem Umfang frei wählbar wie bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Zylinderkopf. So sind die Leitungslängen der außenliegenden Zylinder bei einem symmetrisch ausgebildeten Abgaskrümmer in der Regel gleichgroß, wohingegen sich die Leitungslängen dieser Zylinder erfindungsgemäß deutlich unterscheiden können.In principle, a cylinder head, which has three cylinders and is equipped with a symmetrically designed integrated exhaust manifold, exhaust pipes have different lengths. The line lengths are then not freely selectable to the extent as in a cylinder head according to the invention. Thus, the line lengths of the outer cylinder in a symmetrical exhaust manifold are generally the same size, whereas the line lengths of these cylinders can differ significantly according to the invention.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Zylinderkopf werden die Abgasleitungen von drei Zylindern unter Ausbildung eines integrierten Abgaskrümmers innerhalb des Zylinderkopfes zu einer Gesamtabgasleitung zusammengeführt.In the cylinder head according to the invention, the exhaust gas lines of three cylinders are brought together to form an integrated exhaust manifold within the cylinder head to form an overall exhaust gas line.

Ein Saugmotor kann auch zwei erfindungsgemäße Zylinderköpfe aufweisen, wenn beispielweise die Zylinder - wie bei einem V-Motor - auf zwei Zylinderbänke verteilt sind.A naturally aspirated engine can also have two cylinder heads according to the invention, if, for example, the cylinders are distributed over two cylinder banks, as in a V-type engine.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen des Zylinderkopfes werden im Zusammenhang mit den Unteransprüchen erörtert.Further advantageous embodiments of the cylinder head are discussed in connection with the subclaims.

Vorteilhaft sind Ausführungsformen des Zylinderkopfes, bei denen die Gesamtabgasleitung in einem Abstand x von einem ersten außenliegenden Zylinder aus dem Zylinderkopf austritt mit 0,60 L < x < 0,85 L, wobei L den Abstand der beiden außenliegenden Zylinder entlang der Längsachse bezeichnet.Embodiments of the cylinder head in which the total exhaust gas line exits the cylinder head at a distance x from a first outer cylinder are advantageous with 0.60 L <x <0.85 L, where L denotes the distance of the two outer cylinders along the longitudinal axis.

Vorteilhaft sind insbesondere Ausführungsformen des Zylinderkopfes, bei denen die Gesamtabgasleitung in einem Abstand x von dem ersten außenliegenden Zylinder aus dem Zylinderkopf austritt mit 0,65 L < x < 0,80 L, vorzugsweise mit 0,70 L < x < 0,80 L.Embodiments of the cylinder head in which the total exhaust gas line exits the cylinder head at a distance x from the first outer cylinder are particularly advantageous with 0.65 L <x <0.80 L, preferably 0.70 L <x <0.80 L ,

Rechnergestützte Simulationen für einen Drei-Zylinder-Reihenmotor haben ergeben, dass eine zufriedenstellende Drehmomentcharakteristik insbesondere dann erzielt wird, wenn der Abstand x zwischen dem ersten außenliegenden Zylinder und dem Austritt der Gesamtabgasleitung in einem der oben angegebenen Teilbereiche liegt.Computer-aided simulations for a three-cylinder in-line engine have shown that a satisfactory torque characteristic is achieved, in particular, when the distance x between the first outer cylinder and the outlet of the entire exhaust line in one of the above-mentioned sub-ranges.

Wird jeweils durch die Längsachse von beiden außenliegenden Zylindern eine Ebene gelegt, die senkrecht auf der Längsachse des Zylinderkopfes steht, so ergibt sich der Abstand L der beiden außenliegenden Zylindern entlang der Längsachse aus dem Abstand der beiden Ebenen.If a plane is laid in each case by the longitudinal axis of both outer cylinders and is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder head, then the distance L between the two outer cylinders along the longitudinal axis results from the distance between the two planes.

Zur Unterscheidung der beiden außenliegenden Zylinder werden diese zwei Zylinder numeriert und vorliegend als erster bzw. zweiter außenliegender Zylinder bezeichnet. Als Bezug für die Angabe des Abstandes x dient der erste außenliegende Zylinder bzw. eine Bezugsebene, die durch die Längsachse dieses ersten außenliegenden Zylinders gelegt wird und die senkrecht auf der Längsachse des Zylinderkopfes steht.To distinguish the two outer cylinder, these two cylinders are numbered and referred to herein as the first and second outer cylinder. As reference for the indication of the distance x is the first outer cylinder or a Reference plane, which is defined by the longitudinal axis of this first outer cylinder and which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder head.

Der Abstand x der Gesamtabgasleitung vom ersten außenliegenden Zylinder ergibt sich dann als Abstand zwischen einer Ebene, die durch die Mittelachse der Gesamtabgasleitung gelegt wird und die senkrecht auf der Längsachse des Zylinderkopfes steht, und der Bezugsebene.The distance x of the total exhaust gas line from the first outer cylinder then results as a distance between a plane which is laid through the central axis of the entire exhaust line and which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder head, and the reference plane.

Vorteilhaft sind Ausführungsformen des Zylinderkopfes, bei denen das freie Ende einer Wandung, welche die Teilabgasleitung des ersten außenliegenden Zylinders und die Teilabgasleitung des innenliegenden Zylinders bis hin zur Gesamtabgasleitung voneinander trennt, einen Abstand y vom ersten außenliegenden Zylinder aufweist mit 0,7 x < y < 1,3 x, vorzugsweise mit 0,9 x < y < 1,1 x.Embodiments of the cylinder head in which the free end of a wall which separates the partial exhaust gas line of the first outer cylinder and the partial exhaust gas line of the inner cylinder up to the entire exhaust gas line are at a distance y from the first outer cylinder with 0.7 x <y <are advantageous 1.3 x, preferably 0.9 x <y <1.1 x.

Der Abstand y des freien Endes der Wandung vom ersten außenliegenden Zylinder ergibt sich als Abstand zwischen einer Ebene, die am freien Ende der Wandung anliegt und senkrecht auf der Längsachse des Zylinderkopfes steht, und der Bezugsebene, welche weiter oben bereits festgelegt wurde.The distance y of the free end of the wall from the first outer cylinder results as a distance between a plane which bears against the free end of the wall and is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder head, and the reference plane, which has already been defined above.

Eine Verwendung für einen Zylinderkopf der zuvor beschriebenen Art ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Zylinderkopf zur Ausbildung eines Saugmotors dient.A use for a cylinder head of the type described above is characterized in that the cylinder head is used to form a suction motor.

Das im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Zylinderkopf Gesagte gilt ebenfalls für die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung.What has been said in connection with the cylinder head according to the invention also applies to the use according to the invention.

Der erfindungsgemäße Zylinderkopf kann insbesondere für einen Reihenmotor oder einen V-Motor, bei dem die Zylinder verteilt auf zwei Zylinderbänke angeordnet sind, verwendet werden.The cylinder head according to the invention can be used in particular for an in-line engine or a V-engine in which the cylinders are arranged distributed on two cylinder banks.

Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels gemäß Figur 1 näher beschrieben. Hierbei zeigt:

Fig. 1
schematisch eine Ausführungsform des Zylinderkopfes im Querschnitt.
In the following the invention is based on an embodiment according to FIG. 1 described in more detail. Hereby shows:
Fig. 1
schematically an embodiment of the cylinder head in cross section.

Figur 1 zeigt schematisch eine Ausführungsform des Zylinderkopfes 1. Der Zylinderkopf 1 verfügt über drei Zylinder 3, die entlang der Längsachse 2 des Zylinderkopfes 1, d. h. in Reihe angeordnet sind, und somit über zwei außenliegende Zylinder 3a und einen innenliegenden Zylinder 3b. FIG. 1 schematically shows an embodiment of the cylinder head 1. The cylinder head 1 has three cylinders 3, which are arranged along the longitudinal axis 2 of the cylinder head 1, ie in series, and thus via two outer cylinder 3a and an inner cylinder 3b.

Der Abstand L der beiden außenliegenden Zylinder 3a entspricht dem Abstand der beiden Ebenen A und B, von denen jede durch die Längsachse eines außenliegenden Zylinders 3a verläuft und senkrecht auf der Längsachse 2 des Zylinderkopfes 1 steht. Die durch den ersten außenliegenden Zylinder 3,3a verlaufende Ebene A dient als Bezugsebene A, von der aus die Abstände x, y gemessen werden.The distance L of the two outer cylinders 3a corresponds to the distance between the two planes A and B, each of which extends through the longitudinal axis of an outer cylinder 3a and is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 2 of the cylinder head 1. The first Outer cylinder 3, 3 a extending plane A serves as a reference plane A, from which the distances x, y are measured.

Jeder Zylinder 3 weist zwei Auslaßöffnungen auf, an die sich Abgasleitungen 4 zum Abführen der Abgase anschließen. Die Abgasleitungen 4 der drei Zylinder 3 führen unter Ausbildung eines integrierten Abgaskrümmers 7 innerhalb des Zylinderkopfes 1 zu einer Gesamtabgasleitung 6 zusammen, wobei die Abgasleitungen 4 jedes Zylinders 3 zu einer dem Zylinder 3 zugehörigen Teilabgasleitung 5 zusammenführen, bevor die Teilabgasleitungen 5 anschließend die Gesamtabgasleitung 6 ausbilden.Each cylinder 3 has two outlet openings, followed by the exhaust pipes 4 for discharging the exhaust gases. The exhaust pipes 4 of the three cylinders 3 lead together to form an integrated exhaust manifold 7 within the cylinder head 1 to an overall exhaust line 6, the exhaust pipes 4 merge each cylinder 3 to a cylinder 3 associated partial exhaust line 5, before the partial exhaust 5 then the total exhaust line 6 form ,

Die Gesamtabgasleitung 6 tritt in einem Abstand x = 0,76 L vom ersten außenliegenden Zylinder 3a aus dem Zylinderkopf 1 aus. Der Abstand x der Gesamtabgasleitung 6 vom ersten außenliegenden Zylinder 3a entspricht dabei dem Abstand der Ebene C, die durch die Mittelachse der Gesamtabgasleitung 6 verläuft und senkrecht auf der Längsachse 2 des Zylinderkopfes 1 steht, von der Bezugsebene A.The total exhaust gas line 6 exits the cylinder head 1 at a distance x = 0.76 L from the first outer cylinder 3a. The distance x of the total exhaust line 6 from the first outer cylinder 3a corresponds to the distance of the plane C, which extends through the central axis of the entire exhaust line 6 and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 2 of the cylinder head 1, from the reference plane A.

Bei der in Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsform führen zunächst die Teilabgasleitung 5 des zweiten außenliegenden Zylinders 3a und die Teilabgasleitung 5 des innenliegenden Zylinders 3b zusammen, bevor diese Teilabgasleitungen 5 mit der Teilabgasleitung 5 des ersten außenliegenden Zylinders 3a zu der Gesamtabgasleitung 6 zusammenführen.At the in FIG. 1 1, the partial exhaust gas line 5 of the second outer cylinder 3a and the partial exhaust gas line 5 of the inner cylinder 3b first converge before these partial exhaust gas lines 5 merge with the partial exhaust gas line 5 of the first outer cylinder 3a to form the overall exhaust gas line 6.

Das freie Ende 8a der Wandung 8, welche die Teilabgasleitung 5 des ersten außenliegenden Zylinders 3a und die Teilabgasleitung 5 des innenliegenden Zylinders 3b bis zur Gesamtabgasleitung 6 voneinander trennt, weist einen Abstand y = 0,98 x vom ersten außenliegenden Zylinder 3a auf.The free end 8a of the wall 8, which separates the partial exhaust gas line 5 of the first outer cylinder 3a and the partial exhaust gas line 5 of the inner cylinder 3b to the total exhaust gas line 6, has a distance y = 0.98 x from the first outer cylinder 3a.

Der Abstand y des freien Endes 8a vom ersten außenliegenden Zylinder 3a entspricht dem Abstand zwischen der Ebene D, die am freien Ende 8a der Wandung 8 anliegt und senkrecht auf der Längsachse 2 des Zylinderkopfes 1 steht, und der Bezugsebene A.The distance y of the free end 8a from the first outer cylinder 3a corresponds to the distance between the plane D, which bears against the free end 8a of the wall 8 and is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 2 of the cylinder head 1, and the reference plane A.

Bezugszeichenreference numeral

11
Zylinderkopfcylinder head
22
ZylinderkopflängsachseCylinder head longitudinal axis
33
Zylindercylinder
3a3a
außenliegender Zylinderoutboard cylinder
3b3b
innenliegender Zylinderinternal cylinder
44
Abgasleitungexhaust pipe
55
TeilabgasleitungPart exhaust pipe
66
GesamtabgasleitungTotal exhaust pipe
77
Abgaskrümmerexhaust manifold
88th
Wandungwall
8a8a
freies Ende einer Wandungfree end of a wall
AA
Bezugsebene durch den ersten außenliegenden ZylinderReference plane through the first outer cylinder
BB
Ebene durch den zweiten außenliegenden ZylinderLevel through the second outer cylinder
CC
Ebene durch die Mittelachse der GesamtabgasleitungLevel through the center axis of the entire exhaust line
DD
an der Wandung anliegende Ebeneon the wall adjacent plane
°KW° CA
Grad KurbelwinkelDegree crank angle
LL
Abstand der außenliegenden ZylinderDistance between the outer cylinders
xx
Abstand zwischen einem außenliegenden Zylinder und dem Austritt der Gesamtabgasleitung aus dem ZylinderkopfDistance between an outer cylinder and the outlet of the entire exhaust line from the cylinder head
yy
Abstand zwischen einem außenliegenden Zylinder und dem freien Ende einer WandungDistance between an outer cylinder and the free end of a wall

Claims (7)

  1. Cylinder head (1) for a naturally aspirated engine, which
    - has three cylinders (3) arranged in line along the longitudinal axis (2) of the cylinder head (1), of which two cylinders (3) form outer cylinders (3a) and one cylinder (3) is an inner cylinder (3b), each cylinder (3) having at least two outlet openings to carry the exhaust gases away from the cylinder (3) via an exhaust system, for which purpose an exhaust line (4) is connected to each outlet opening, and in which
    - the exhaust lines (4) of the cylinders (3), of which there are at least three, come together within the cylinder head (1) to give a combined exhaust line (6), forming an integrated exhaust manifold (7) in the process, wherein the integrated exhaust manifold (7) is of asymmetrical design such that the combined exhaust line (6) emerges from the cylinder head (1) eccentrically in relation to the manifold (7), and the exhaust lines (4) of the outlet openings, of which there are at least two, of each cylinder (1) come together to give a component exhaust line (5) associated with the cylinder (3) before the component exhaust lines (5) of the three cylinders (3) come together to give a combined exhaust line (6), characterized in that
    - the component exhaust line (5) of the second outer cylinder (3a) and the component exhaust line (5) of the inner cylinder (3b) come together before they come together with the component exhaust line (5) of the first outer cylinder (3a) to give the combined exhaust line (6).
  2. Cylinder head (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the combined exhaust line (6) emerges from the cylinder head (1) at a distance x of 0.60 L < x < 0.85 L from a first outer cylinder (3a), where L is the distance between the two outer cylinders (3a) along the longitudinal axis (2).
  3. Cylinder head (1) according to Claim 2, characterized in that the combined exhaust line (6) emerges from the cylinder head (1) at a distance x of 0.65 L < x < 0.80 L from a first outer cylinder (3a).
  4. Cylinder head (1) according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the free end (8a) of a wall (8) which separates the component exhaust line (5) of the first outer cylinder (3a) and the component exhaust line (5) of the inner cylinder (3b) until they reach the combined exhaust line (6) is at a distance y from the first outer cylinder (3a) of 0.9 x < y < 1.1 x.
  5. Use of a cylinder head (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cylinder head (1) is used to form a naturally aspirated engine.
  6. Use according to Claim 5, characterized in that the naturally aspirated engine is an in-line engine.
  7. Use according to Claim 5, characterized in that the naturally aspirated engine is a V engine.
EP10153963.3A 2009-03-13 2010-02-18 Cylinder head for a natural aspirated engine and usage of such a cylinder head Active EP2228529B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009001542A DE102009001542A1 (en) 2009-03-13 2009-03-13 Cylinder head for a naturally aspirated engine and use of such a cylinder head

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EP2228529A1 EP2228529A1 (en) 2010-09-15
EP2228529B1 true EP2228529B1 (en) 2016-07-27
EP2228529B2 EP2228529B2 (en) 2022-07-06

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EP (1) EP2228529B2 (en)
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DE (1) DE102009001542A1 (en)

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US8371260B2 (en) * 2010-05-17 2013-02-12 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Cylinder head drain and vent
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DE102011018281A1 (en) * 2011-04-20 2012-10-25 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Cylinder head for internal combustion engine e.g. diesel engine, of vehicle, has exhaust gas channels defined by channel walls and extending from openings to exhaust gas outlet, where surface of channel walls is made of surface material
DE102012020381B4 (en) 2012-10-18 2019-10-10 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Cylinder head with integrated exhaust manifold
US9447754B1 (en) 2015-07-02 2016-09-20 Bright Acceleration Technologies LLC Method and apparatus for internal combustion engine system with improved turbocharging
US10107215B2 (en) 2016-09-01 2018-10-23 Bright Acceleration Technologies LLC Synergistic induction and turbocharging in internal combustion engine systems
US9638095B1 (en) 2016-09-01 2017-05-02 Bright Acceleration Technologies LLC Synergistic induction and turbocharging in internal combustion engine systems
US10697357B2 (en) 2016-09-01 2020-06-30 Bright Acceleration Technologies LLC Cross-port air flow to reduce pumping losses
US10364739B2 (en) 2016-09-01 2019-07-30 Bright Acceleration Technologies LLC Synergistic induction and turbocharging in internal combustion engine systems
CN115217603A (en) * 2022-03-14 2022-10-21 长城汽车股份有限公司 Integrated exhaust manifold, engine and vehicle

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101839186A (en) 2010-09-22
US20100229819A1 (en) 2010-09-16
DE102009001542A1 (en) 2010-10-07
US8256213B2 (en) 2012-09-04
EP2228529B2 (en) 2022-07-06
EP2228529A1 (en) 2010-09-15
CN101839186B (en) 2014-06-18

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