EP2220423A1 - Procédé de caractérisation de régime d'écoulement de fluide diphasique - Google Patents
Procédé de caractérisation de régime d'écoulement de fluide diphasiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP2220423A1 EP2220423A1 EP08858393A EP08858393A EP2220423A1 EP 2220423 A1 EP2220423 A1 EP 2220423A1 EP 08858393 A EP08858393 A EP 08858393A EP 08858393 A EP08858393 A EP 08858393A EP 2220423 A1 EP2220423 A1 EP 2220423A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flow regime
- average
- frequency
- flow
- space
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/005—Pipe-line systems for a two-phase gas-liquid flow
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
- G01N9/24—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by observing the transmission of wave or particle radiation through the material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for characterizing a two - phase fluid flow regime and to a method for determining a two - phase fluid flow regime that implements the method of characterizing the invention.
- a two-phase mixture can flow according to several topological organizations, called flow regimes or flow configurations, which are governed by different mechanisms.
- the macroscopic behavior (pressure losses, heat exchange with the walls, mechanical stress of pipes and structures) of the flow can vary very strongly from one regime to another. From an industrial point of view, it is essential for the safety and longevity of an installation, that it works with the flow configuration for which it was dimensioned.
- Optimal control of an installation can use an active control procedure. The latter requires - at a minimum - to identify in real time the configuration present in the pipe to be monitored, in order to detect a possible change of regime and to retroact on the piloting of the installation before reaching a damaging configuration.
- time-frequency and time-scale (wavelet) analysis methods have been applied with great success to a large number of problems. and, in particular, the mechanics of two-phase fluids.
- Type 1 methods suffer from two important shortcomings: they contain a significant amount of subjectivity and do not allow ambiguity to be distinguished between certain regimes whose signatures are similar (because they are global signals that are exploited). As a result, they require user interpretation and therefore do not allow automatic and reliable recognition.
- the type 2 method is intrinsically more objective. However, it only asserts that the flow is in a transition zone between two established regimes without diagnosing which are these two regimes.
- the Type 3 method takes advantage of the local flow characteristics, but the use of raw time signals at the input of the neural network considerably slows down the duration of the diagnosis, thereby precluding real-time use.
- the type 4 method is based on a spectral basis since it involves a time-frequency analysis (also expensive in computing time) but, again, it is used to process a global signal.
- the method of the invention does not have the disadvantages of the methods mentioned above.
- the invention relates to a method for characterizing a fluid flow regime two-phase dipole which flows in a pipe, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- Na measures m D (j 1, 2, ..., Na) representative of the two-phase flow regime flowing in the pipe, the Na measures being distributed according to a total or partial excursion of the perimeter of the pipe,
- a power spectral density PSD 11 (f) of the signal S 3 f is a frequency variable, and the calculation of a given representative of moy average position e of scheme two-phase flow, of a data of average frequency f moy representative of the two-phase flow regime and of an average spreading data in space and in frequency R dB representative of the two-phase flow regime, using the respective formulas following:
- the Na measurement points are distributed substantially uniformly over a total excursion of a perimeter of the pipe.
- the invention also relates to a method for determining a two-phase fluid flow regime, characterized in that it comprises:
- a characterization step of different types of two-phase fluid flow regime (smooth laminate, wave laminate, rough laminate and bubble) to construct a three-dimensional space (e moy , f m oy / R db) representative of different types of two-phase fluid flow regime, a first dimension (e avg ) of the three-dimensional space being constructed by a set of mean position data that result from the step of characterizing the different types of flow regime, a second dimension (f avm ) of the three-dimensional space being constructed by a set of average frequency data that result from the step of characterizing the different types of flow regime, the third dimension (R db ) of the three-dimensional space being constructed by a set of data of mean space and frequency spread resulting from the step of characterizing the different types of flow regime, and
- the flow regime determination method of the invention implements a signal analysis method for efficiently and quickly recognizing the configuration of a two-phase mixture flowing in a pipe.
- the flow regime determination method of the invention takes advantage, not only of spatial measurements of the flow, but also of the spectral characteristics of the flow, these spectral characteristics being present, to different degrees, in the measured signals.
- FIGS. 1A-1F represent different types of two-phase flows
- FIGS. 2A and 2B show an example of a two-phase fluid flow regime characterization device which implements the method of the invention
- FIG. 3 represents, in the case of an intermittent flow of two-phase fluid, an example of time signals which are delivered by the measuring device which forms part of the characterization device represented in FIGS. 2A and 2B
- FIGS. 4A-7A and 4B-7B represent, for didactic purposes, signals which illustrate the advantages of implementing the characterization method of the invention
- FIG. 8 represents, in a space of characteristic parameters obtained by the characterization method of the invention, the position of different diphasic fluid flow regimes;
- FIG. 9 represents a schematic diagram of a two-phase fluid flow regime determination method according to the invention;
- FIG. 10 represents a second example of measuring device used for the implementation of the method of the invention.
- a two-phase liquid / gas mixture for example a water / air mixture
- flow regimes These different flow regimes are shown in Figures 1A-1F.
- FIG. 1A represents the so-called “smooth stratified flow regime” which is characterized by a continuous and smooth interface between the two phases of mixing.
- the liquid E heavier than the gas A, flows down the pipe.
- FIG. 1B shows the so-called “stratified wave flow regime” which differs from the previous one by the shape of the interface between water and air which, here, waves in the form of periodic waves Vp. This is due to the speed of the gas which is faster than that of the liquid.
- Figure IC shows the regime called "rough stratified flow regime" which differs from the previous by its rough interface between the liquid and the gas.
- the interface is then composed of Vnp waves that are no longer periodic. This effect is caused by the increase of the velocity of the gas, which destroys the coherence of the waves.
- Figure ID represents the regime called "bubble flow regime” which is characterized by a dispersion of the gas phase within the liquid phase. This regime appears for a high flow of the liquid.
- the high velocity of the liquid causes severe turbulence in the liquid, leading to splitting and dispersing the gas in the form of bubbles b.
- the gas bubbles b naturally tend to migrate up the pipe under the effect of gravity.
- Figure IE represents the so-called “annular flow regime” regime.
- the annular flow is observed at high gas flow.
- the gas predominant in the center of the pipe, projects the liquid L on the walls of the pipe in the form of a film F which flows non-uniformly due to gravity.
- Figure IF represents the regime called "intermittent flow regime” which is characterized by a periodic alternation of water plugs B and P gas pockets. Its interface is unstable and discontinuous.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B show an example of a two-phase fluid flow regime characterization device which implements the method of the invention.
- the characterization device comprises a device for measurement consisting of a segmented ring conductimetric probe M1, M2, an electronic processing circuit E and a computer K.
- FIG. 2B shows a cross-sectional view of the measuring device of FIG. 2A at the level of the ring M2.
- the segmented rings Ml and M2 are flush with the internal wall of the pipe C in which the two-phase fluid flows.
- the first ring Ml is an excitation electrode connected to a generator G.
- the second ring M2 is segmented into Na distinct electrodes, for example sixteen electrodes, which are distributed over the entire internal perimeter of the pipe C.
- the conductimetric probe measures the azimuthal distribution of the electrical impedance of the two-phase fluid. "Azimuthal distribution" means a distribution according to the circular perimeter of the pipe. The distribution of the electrodes is preferably uniform over the perimeter of the pipe.
- the conductimetric probe has the advantages of being non-intrusive (the electrodes are flush with the inner wall) and offering a high bandwidth.
- Each electrode of the ring M2 takes a local measurement representative of the flow regime.
- the electronic processing circuit E comprises dedicated electronic circuits which process the m D measurements collected on the electrodes of the ring M2.
- the computer K comprises an analog / digital converter Ech, a power spectral density calculation module DSP and means for calculating characterization parameters M.
- the analog / digital converter Ech comprises sample-and-hold circuits which digitize each analog signal Sig D (t) while ensuring simultaneous sampling of the Na measurement signals which are taken at the same time by the Na electrodes.
- the signals S 3 are then transmitted to the power spectral density calculation module DSP which calculates, for each signal S 3 , the power spectral density DSP 11 (f) associated with the signal S 3 .
- the characterization parameter calculation module M then calculates the characterization parameters of the two-phase flow regime, namely: - an average w av position representative of the two-phase flow regime such that:
- the characterization parameters e moy , f moy and R dB unequivocally and exhaustively characterize the two-phase flow regime.
- this unambiguous and exhaustive nature of the characterization parameters makes it possible to implement, in a simple and rapid manner, a method capable of determining a flow regime of any kind. two-phase fluid.
- FIG. 3 represents, by way of nonlimiting example, for an intermittent flow similar to that represented in FIG. 1F, signals Sig D (t) delivered by the electronic processing circuit E, in the case where, for example, the measuring device comprises sixteen electrodes. Because of the symmetry of the pipe with respect to a vertical axis parallel to the axis of gravity, only eight signals out of sixteen are used (Sigi-Sigs corresponding to respective electrodes 1-8 of Figure 2B).
- FIGS. 4A-7A and 4B-7B represent, for didactic purposes, signals which illustrate the advantages of implementing the method of the invention. Since each electrode has a precise geometric position, it is possible to compare the spatial characteristics of the flow by juxtaposing all the time signals on the same three-dimensional space-time-amplitude diagram. The flow is thus visualized as a function of time and as a function of the different azimuthal positions in the pipe. Such a representation is illustrated for the different flow regimes in FIGS. 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A.
- Figures 4A-7A correspond to wave laminate flow, rough laminate flow, intermittent flow, and bubble flow, respectively.
- the method of the invention implements the calculation of the power spectral density for each signal.
- the use of the power spectral density of the signals collected on the different electrodes advantageously makes it possible to reveal the dominant frequencies of the signals.
- FIGS. 4B, 5B, 6B, 7B represent, in a same three-dimensional space-frequency-amplitude reference, the power spectral densities which correspond to the respective signals represented, in the three-dimensional space-time-amplitude reference, on the Figures 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A.
- Fig. 9 illustrates a block diagram of the two-phase fluid flow regime determining method of the invention.
- the method of the invention includes: a step E 1 of characterization, using the method of characterization of the invention, of all the different two-phase fluid flow regimes that are likely to exist, to construct a space of the fluid flow regimes two-phase phase, E2 characterization step, using the characterization method of the invention, the particular flow regime to calculate the characteristic parameters of the particular flow regime, and a calculation step E3 which positions the characteristic parameters from step E2 in the space of two-phase fluid flow regimes constructed at the end of step E1.
- the first step E1 of the method consists in constructing the three-dimensional space (e av , fmoyr R O B) in which the different diphasic fluid flow regimes are identified by the corresponding domains Dsr, Dsv, Db, Di. Moreover, from spatial measurements ms representative of the particular two-phase flow regime to be determined, the particular average spatial position e average p , the particular average frequency position f average p and the average space and frequency spread R dB p of the particular two-phase flow regime to be determined are calculated in step E2.
- Step E3 identifies the flow regime particular I by positioning the characteristic parameters of the particular flow regime delivered at the end of step E2 in the three-dimensional space constructed at the end of step E1.
- Step E3 is implemented by a calculator, for example a computer.
- the step E1 of the method of the invention can be carried out once and the data relating to the space of the flow regimes and to the different domains Dsr, Dsv, Db, Di are recorded in a memory, for example a computer memory.
- the step E3 of positioning the flow regime to be determined is implemented by a neural algorithm that can be supervised or not.
- the three parameters e average p , f 771oy p and R dB p are then provided at the input of a network of two-layer perceptrons.
- the last layer of perceptrons activates Boolean indicators which correspond to indicators of the various previously identified flow regimes.
- a neural algorithm requires a learning phase.
- seventy real tests are sufficient to drive the perceptron network, by using a back propagation procedure, with a maximum learning depth of 4000 epochs.
- the method of the invention described above is based on the exploitation of local and spectral information obtained using measurements from a conductimetric probe.
- the measurements come from a multi-pixel X-ray detector. This other embodiment is represented in FIG. 10.
- the measuring device comprises:
- an X-ray source 1 which generates, in the direction of the duct, a collimated X-ray beam FX in the form of a sheet in fan geometry, and
- a multi-pixel detector 2 placed in the beam field on the other side of the pipe.
- the FX beam illuminates and is attenuated by a cross section of the flow.
- Each pixel of the detector measures, at each moment, the attenuation undergone by X-rays, thus revealing the thicknesses of fluid and gas traversed in an azimuthal direction in the pipe.
- the multi-pixel detector used is, for example, a commercial detector which integrates, over a chosen duration (for example a few tenths of a second), the photonic flux received by each pixel, converts the information thus integrated into an electrical signal and digitizes this electrical signal.
- This device consequently delivers local time measurement signals from which a two-phase flow regime can be identified according to a procedure identical to the procedure described above.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0759774A FR2925144B1 (fr) | 2007-12-12 | 2007-12-12 | Procede de determination de regime d'ecoulement de fluide diphasique. |
| PCT/EP2008/067339 WO2009074653A1 (fr) | 2007-12-12 | 2008-12-11 | Procédé de caractérisation de régime d'écoulement de fluide diphasique |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2220423A1 true EP2220423A1 (fr) | 2010-08-25 |
Family
ID=39564574
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08858393A Withdrawn EP2220423A1 (fr) | 2007-12-12 | 2008-12-11 | Procédé de caractérisation de régime d'écoulement de fluide diphasique |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2220423A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2925144B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2009074653A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115165792B (zh) * | 2022-06-24 | 2023-09-29 | 宝腾智能润滑技术(东莞)有限公司 | 管线中气液两相流状态检测方法及装置 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2817018C2 (de) * | 1978-04-19 | 1985-12-19 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh, 7500 Karlsruhe | Vorrichtung zur Messung der Dichte einer Ein- oder Mehrphasenströmung |
| US4228353A (en) * | 1978-05-02 | 1980-10-14 | Johnson Steven A | Multiple-phase flowmeter and materials analysis apparatus and method |
| US4683759A (en) * | 1985-12-23 | 1987-08-04 | Texaco Inc. | Characterization of two-phase flow in pipes |
| EP1218728A1 (fr) * | 1999-10-04 | 2002-07-03 | Daniel Industries, Inc., | Appareil et procede permettant de determiner les caracteristiques des effluents de puits de petrole dans des conditions d'ecoulement non homogenes |
| FR2909766B1 (fr) * | 2006-12-06 | 2009-01-09 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif de determination des proprietes d'un ecoulement diphasique, et procede mettant en oeuvre un tel dispositif |
-
2007
- 2007-12-12 FR FR0759774A patent/FR2925144B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-12-11 WO PCT/EP2008/067339 patent/WO2009074653A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2008-12-11 EP EP08858393A patent/EP2220423A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2009074653A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2925144B1 (fr) | 2015-08-07 |
| FR2925144A1 (fr) | 2009-06-19 |
| WO2009074653A1 (fr) | 2009-06-18 |
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