EP2220336A4 - Rock drilling rig and method for drilling - Google Patents
Rock drilling rig and method for drillingInfo
- Publication number
- EP2220336A4 EP2220336A4 EP08861896.2A EP08861896A EP2220336A4 EP 2220336 A4 EP2220336 A4 EP 2220336A4 EP 08861896 A EP08861896 A EP 08861896A EP 2220336 A4 EP2220336 A4 EP 2220336A4
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- drilling
- rock
- rig
- drilling rig
- rock drilling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/02—Drilling rigs characterised by means for land transport with their own drive, e.g. skid mounting or wheel mounting
- E21B7/022—Control of the drilling operation; Hydraulic or pneumatic means for activation or operation
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/08—Controlling or monitoring pressure or flow of drilling fluid, e.g. automatic filling of boreholes, automatic control of bottom pressure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/16—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor using gaseous fluids
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/02—Drilling rigs characterised by means for land transport with their own drive, e.g. skid mounting or wheel mounting
- E21B7/025—Rock drills, i.e. jumbo drills
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI20075923A FI123650B (en) | 2007-12-17 | 2007-12-17 | Rock drilling device and method for drilling rock |
PCT/FI2008/050742 WO2009077656A1 (en) | 2007-12-17 | 2008-12-15 | Rock drilling rig and method for drilling |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2220336A1 EP2220336A1 (en) | 2010-08-25 |
EP2220336A4 true EP2220336A4 (en) | 2016-04-27 |
EP2220336B1 EP2220336B1 (en) | 2017-04-26 |
Family
ID=38951618
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08861896.2A Active EP2220336B1 (en) | 2007-12-17 | 2008-12-15 | Rock drilling rig and method for drilling |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2220336B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101896686A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2008337359B2 (en) |
FI (1) | FI123650B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009077656A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8646549B2 (en) | 2009-10-08 | 2014-02-11 | Atlas Copco Drilling Solutions Llc | Drilling machine power pack which includes a clutch |
SE535418C2 (en) | 2010-08-26 | 2012-07-31 | Atlas Copco Rock Drills Ab | Method and system for controlling a compressor at a rock drilling device and rock drilling device |
CN102251772B (en) * | 2011-07-31 | 2016-02-03 | 郑州光力科技股份有限公司 | A kind of orifice dust extractor for underground of coal mines |
CN102359389A (en) * | 2011-07-31 | 2012-02-22 | 郑州光力科技股份有限公司 | Air sealing device for porthole dust catcher |
CN102359352A (en) * | 2011-07-31 | 2012-02-22 | 郑州光力科技股份有限公司 | Porthole dust catcher |
EP2669463B1 (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2018-08-08 | Sandvik Mining and Construction Oy | A rock drilling rig and method of driving compressor |
US10138694B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2018-11-27 | Furukawa Rock Drill Co., Ltd. | Drilling device and unload control program |
EP2955319A1 (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2015-12-16 | Sandvik Mining and Construction Oy | Arrangement and method for feeding flushing fluid |
CN205063816U (en) | 2014-08-07 | 2016-03-02 | 哈尼斯菲格技术公司 | Power drill |
CN107621379B (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2024-05-28 | 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 | Test equipment for drilling trolley |
US11959381B2 (en) | 2018-01-10 | 2024-04-16 | Intelligent Drilling Applications & Technology Pty Ltd. | Multipurpose drill system |
EP3628815A1 (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2020-04-01 | Sandvik Mining and Construction Oy | Rock drilling machine, rig and method for reinforcing rock surfaces |
CN110260551A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-09-20 | 南京天加环境科技有限公司 | A kind of double-compressor combustion-gas thermal pump air-conditioning system and its control method |
US20230250696A1 (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2023-08-10 | Jinhua Electric Power Design Institute Co., Ltd. | Drilling device, and drilling construction method for an electric power iron tower foundation |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4161222A (en) * | 1978-06-01 | 1979-07-17 | Union Oil Company Of California | Method for reducing contaminant emissions in gas drilling operations |
WO1999028592A1 (en) * | 1997-12-04 | 1999-06-10 | Sandvik Ab (Publ) | Methods and apparatus for controlling an air compressor in a drill string flushing system |
WO2003093699A1 (en) * | 2002-05-02 | 2003-11-13 | Sandvik Tamrock Oy | Arrangement for driving a compressor |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU631642A1 (en) * | 1977-04-05 | 1978-11-05 | Проектно-Конструкторское Бюро Главстроймеханизации | Drilling rig blowing device |
US4192393A (en) * | 1978-08-15 | 1980-03-11 | Georex Industries, Inc. | Helicopter portable earth drilling apparatus |
-
2007
- 2007-12-17 FI FI20075923A patent/FI123650B/en active IP Right Grant
-
2008
- 2008-12-15 CN CN200880120423XA patent/CN101896686A/en active Pending
- 2008-12-15 EP EP08861896.2A patent/EP2220336B1/en active Active
- 2008-12-15 WO PCT/FI2008/050742 patent/WO2009077656A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-12-15 AU AU2008337359A patent/AU2008337359B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4161222A (en) * | 1978-06-01 | 1979-07-17 | Union Oil Company Of California | Method for reducing contaminant emissions in gas drilling operations |
WO1999028592A1 (en) * | 1997-12-04 | 1999-06-10 | Sandvik Ab (Publ) | Methods and apparatus for controlling an air compressor in a drill string flushing system |
WO2003093699A1 (en) * | 2002-05-02 | 2003-11-13 | Sandvik Tamrock Oy | Arrangement for driving a compressor |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of WO2009077656A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI123650B (en) | 2013-08-30 |
AU2008337359A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
EP2220336B1 (en) | 2017-04-26 |
FI20075923A (en) | 2009-06-18 |
FI20075923A0 (en) | 2007-12-17 |
WO2009077656A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
CN101896686A (en) | 2010-11-24 |
EP2220336A1 (en) | 2010-08-25 |
AU2008337359B2 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2220336A4 (en) | Rock drilling rig and method for drilling | |
GB2454842B (en) | Method for logging after drilling | |
ZA201000430B (en) | Method and device for controlling a rock drill rig | |
GB2456061B (en) | A drill bit and a method of drilling | |
PL2142749T3 (en) | Bit for drilling wells and associated drilling method | |
GB2455638B (en) | A drill bit and a method of drilling | |
GB2460189B (en) | System and method for performing oilfield drilling operations using visualization techniques | |
EP2281102A4 (en) | Wireline drilling system and method | |
GB2468416B (en) | Method of drilling a wellbore | |
ZA200808954B (en) | Method of controlling operation of rock drilling rig, and rock drilling rig | |
GB201101438D0 (en) | System and method for drilling a borehole | |
GB2467488B (en) | Wellbore drilling system | |
ZA200902412B (en) | Rock drilling method and rock drilling machine | |
ZA201101642B (en) | Method and arrangement in rock drilling rig | |
AP3063A (en) | Rock drilling device and rock drilling rig and/or rock bolting rig comprising such device | |
EP2347097B8 (en) | Injecting device, drill rig and method of rock bolting | |
EG26514A (en) | Drilling rig and mounting method therefor | |
GB2454698B (en) | Gas cutting borehole drilling apparatus | |
EP2118434A4 (en) | Apparatus for rock drilling | |
ZA200810384B (en) | Method and device for rock drilling | |
GB2475202B (en) | Multi-set pdc drill bit and method | |
ZA200901613B (en) | Method for drilling rock | |
ZA200802923B (en) | Method and rock drilling rig for hole drilling | |
ZA200900909B (en) | Rock drilling apparatus and method for controlling rock drilling apparatus | |
EP2176492A4 (en) | Method and apparatus for drilling hole into bedrock |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20100527 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL BA MK RS |
|
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
RA4 | Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched (corrected) |
Effective date: 20160401 |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: E21B 44/00 20060101ALI20160324BHEP Ipc: E21B 21/16 20060101ALI20160324BHEP Ipc: E21B 7/02 20060101ALI20160324BHEP Ipc: E21B 21/08 20060101AFI20160324BHEP |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: E21B 44/00 20060101ALI20161109BHEP Ipc: E21B 21/16 20060101ALI20161109BHEP Ipc: E21B 21/08 20060101AFI20161109BHEP Ipc: E21B 7/02 20060101ALI20161109BHEP |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20161123 |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: JUUJAERVI, KARI Inventor name: SORMUNEN, TAPANI |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 888053 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20170515 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: SE Ref legal event code: TRGR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602008049989 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MP Effective date: 20170426 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MK05 Ref document number: 888053 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20170426 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170426 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170426 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170727 Ref country code: HR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170426 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170426 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170426 Ref country code: NO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170726 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170426 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170426 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170426 Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170726 Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170826 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 602008049989 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170426 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170426 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170426 Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170426 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170426 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170426 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20180129 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170426 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20171215 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20171215 Ref country code: MT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20171215 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20180831 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: BE Ref legal event code: MM Effective date: 20171231 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20171215 Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20180102 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20171231 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20171231 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20171231 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20171215 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170426 Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO Effective date: 20081215 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20170426 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170426 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20170426 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20221102 Year of fee payment: 15 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20231110 Year of fee payment: 16 |