EP2212039B1 - Process for producing a profile from a flat metal strip - Google Patents
Process for producing a profile from a flat metal strip Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2212039B1 EP2212039B1 EP08802124A EP08802124A EP2212039B1 EP 2212039 B1 EP2212039 B1 EP 2212039B1 EP 08802124 A EP08802124 A EP 08802124A EP 08802124 A EP08802124 A EP 08802124A EP 2212039 B1 EP2212039 B1 EP 2212039B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- metal strip
- roller
- bent
- regions
- recess
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035508 accumulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D5/00—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves
- B21D5/06—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves by drawing procedure making use of dies or forming-rollers, e.g. making profiles
- B21D5/08—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves by drawing procedure making use of dies or forming-rollers, e.g. making profiles making use of forming-rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D35/00—Combined processes according to or processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
- B21D35/002—Processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
- B21D35/005—Processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00 characterized by the material of the blank or the workpiece
- B21D35/006—Blanks having varying thickness, e.g. tailored blanks
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a profile having a different thickness cross section of flat metal strip by roll forming.
- a roller pair on at least one side of the metal strip generates at least one first recess, which is widened by the following roller pairs with increasing groove width to a region with reduced material thickness.
- Such a method is for example from the DE 36 22 926 A1 known.
- a flat sheet is passed through a rolling mill having a very large diameter central work roll and a plurality of second work rolls of substantially smaller diameter disposed on the outer circumference of the first work roll.
- the second work rolls are arranged one behind the other and each have one or more projections on its outer periphery, wherein the width of these projections of successively arranged second work rolls increases.
- the flat sheet is deformed so that it comes to a special cross-sectional shape with one or more longitudinal grooves or grooves on one side.
- wave formation can occur in the sheet.
- first central work roll having a large diameter With the plurality of second work rolls having a substantially smaller diameter, which are arranged on the first central work roll, this wave formation is to be reduced.
- holding plates can be provided, which are arranged between the second work rolls and press the sheet in this area on the outer circumference of the central work roll, so that the sheet does not bulge in these areas to the outside.
- the work areas of the upper pressure rollers press the metal strip against the frusto-conical work areas of the lower roller and thus exert a shearing force on the metal strip.
- the arranged in these areas material of the metal strip is thereby displaced laterally, so that areas of lesser thickness arise. Due to the lateral displacement of the material, a wave formation is avoided.
- the EP 1 847 334 A1 shows a method for reducing the thickness of one-piece rolling.
- the rolling stock is provided in a first step with at least two at a distance from each other parallel to the longitudinal extent extending bends.
- the rolling stock is deformed in the width direction by means of rolls which penetrate the feedstock at different depths into the starting material.
- the rolls are arranged opposite one another and each have at least one embossing region arranged obliquely to the axis of rotation of the rolls, which engages in the rolling stock in the region between the turns and reduces the rolling stock in thickness.
- Object of the present invention is to provide a method in which the production of areas with reduced material thickness is facilitated and the formation of waves in the production of a profile of flat metal strip with in the transverse direction of the metal strip of different material thickness is further reduced or avoided. This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1.
- the regions of the flat metal strip arranged adjacent to the at least one recess are moved out of a plane spanned by the central part of the metal strip, so that they are in contact with it Make an angle at the center of the metal band.
- the bending of the respective areas can be done in both directions, ie, if the metal strip is moved horizontally in the process, the corresponding areas can be set up or down.
- This change in the cross-section of the flat metal strip increases the rigidity of the metal strip, the metal strip with the bent-up areas then has a larger moment of resistance, which reduces or avoids wave formation during forming. Especially with wide metal bands is desired that these bent-up areas are not too far away from the at least one puncture. However, the portions of the metal strip that are bent open need not be disposed immediately adjacent to the at least one recess. The effect of facilitating the formation of a region of lesser material thickness by bending the respective regions and engaging the rollers to create or spread the puncture can be utilized in multiple roller pairs.
- the metal strip acquires the desired higher rigidity right at the start of the forming process.
- pairs of rollers for generating the respective groove in the bending region of the bent areas engage in the metal strip by the bending of the corresponding areas of the metal strip, a forming process is initiated, the material of the metal strip begins to flow in the bending area , whereby the material displacement is further facilitated by the engaging rollers in forming or widening the puncture.
- the areas of the metal strip are bent in the direction of the side of the metal strip, in which the at least one puncture takes place.
- the recess forming roller can be used as a stop for bending the corresponding areas of the metal strip, whereby the bending is facilitated.
- a lighter formation of the puncture is possible, the risk of cracking in the region of the puncture is reduced.
- the groove widening the groove of each roller pair first with the or the bent-up areas of the metal strip engages and presses against the corresponding counter-roller of the roller pair before the puncture is widened.
- the first roller first engages the metal strip with only part of its peripheral surface, which requires only a smaller force.
- the effect of simultaneously bending the corresponding areas of the metal strip and penetrating the first roll into the metal strip facilitates lateral material displacement even after the maximum pitch angle has been reached, when the bent areas of the flat metal strip come to rest before each other pair of rolls be bent back in the direction of a plane passing through the central part of the metal strip level.
- the corresponding areas are easily pulled away from this plane, so that the desired Aufstellwinkel is reached again by the re-bending before the next pair of rollers re-bending the corresponding areas.
- the maximum angle between the bent-up portions of the metal strip and the middle portion of the metal strip in the range of 10 ° to 80 °, preferably at 30 °, experiments have shown that this angle range particularly suitable is. In this area, the effect is exploited that simultaneous bending of the respective areas and penetration of the rollers into the material of the metal strip to produce regions of lesser material strength results in facilitating the lateral displacement of the material. At the same time, the profile in this angular range is not closed too far, so that the roller pairs of the roll forming can still attack well on the metal strip.
- edges of the flat metal strip are bent.
- the correspond bent areas around the edges This is particularly advantageous for narrower metal bands.
- Another positive effect can be achieved if the side edge of the region of lesser material thickness arranged closer to the center part of the metal strip maintains a constant position. The material of the metal strip is thus pushed in the region of lesser material thickness only to the outside, so that in the central region of the metal strip no undesirable accumulations of material can occur, which may eventually produce waves or bending of the metal strip.
- the method comprises further production steps such as stamping or embossing. These manufacturing steps can also be done before forming the flat metal strip to profile. As a result, all desired processing steps of the profile can be carried out in one system.
- Fig. 1 shows a side view of a roll forming 1 for performing the manufacturing method according to the invention for a profile 8, which has a cross section with areas of different material thickness or thickness.
- the roll forming 1 comprises a plurality of on roll stands (not shown) arranged roller pairs 2.1, 2.2; 3.1, 3.2; 4.1, 4.2; 5.1, 5.2; 6.1, 6.2. In Fig. 1 not all roller pairs of the roll forming 1 are shown. Between the roller pairs shown one or more pairs of rollers are omitted.
- the roll forming 1 is supplied flat metal strip 7, which is preferably rolled up into a coil.
- strip material for example steel, stainless steel high-strength steel, copper or aluminum and copper alloys or aluminum are used.
- the flat metal strip 7 is formed into a profile 8.
- steps are provided in the rollforming installation 1 in order to reduce the material thickness of the flat metal strip 7 in regions extending in the longitudinal direction of the metal strip 7 or of the profile 8, ie in the rolling direction.
- the finished profile 8 therefore has a cross-section with different thickness. It is already known to produce such profiles. A problem with such methods is that the material displaced from the areas of lesser material thickness must not be displaced longitudinally, otherwise waviness or bending of the metal strip may occur.
- a first pair of rollers 2.1, 2.2 is provided, which is formed so that the edges 9.1, 9.2 of the metal strip 7 are bent before and / or during the production of the first recess.
- the edge areas are bent.
- adjacent to the or the punctures arranged areas are bent, which can also be arranged centrally in the metal strip.
- the following describes the method for metal strips in which the edges are bent. The following description applies analogously but also for metal strips in which the adjacently arranged to the or the punctures areas do not correspond to the edges, but are arranged more centrally in the metal strip.
- FIG. 2 A section through the pair of rollers 2.1, 2.2 is in Fig. 2 shown. In this figure, only one half of the rollers 2.1, 2.2 is shown.
- the lower roller 2.2 has two circumferential projections 10.1, 10.2, which engage in the metal strip 7 at the point at which the inner edge of the areas 12.1, 12.2 should trust with less material thickness, and the first recesses, ie areas with reduced material thickness 12.1, 12.2, generate.
- the lower roller 2.2 has two projections 10.1, 10.2.
- the projections 10.1, 10.2 are very narrow, so that pressed through the first pair of rollers 2.1, 2.2 only narrow grooves in the metal strip 7 become.
- the roller diameter decreases, so that the end portions of the roller 2.2 are frusto-conical.
- the arranged on the opposite side of the metal strip 7 roller 2.1 has an inner region with a constant diameter.
- the interior is slightly longer than the distance of the projections 10.1, 10.2 on the lower roller 2.2.
- the diameter of the upper roller 2.1 increases continuously, so that the roller 2.1 in the outer region is also frustoconical. Due to the inclined edge regions of the upper roller 2.1 and the lower roller 2.2, the edges 9.1, 9.2 of the flat metal strip 7 are bent downwards.
- the projections 10.1, 10.2 arranged on the lower roller 2.2 serve as counterparts or bending edges, and thus facilitate the bending of the edges 9.1, 9.2 downwards. But it can also be provided réellebiegen the edges upwards.
- both the upper roller 2.1 and the lower roller 2.2 are shown in one piece. But it can also be provided that these roles are composed of several individual pieces. Thus, for example, it may be provided that the middle region of the upper roller consists of a roller piece of constant diameter, to which join two further roller pieces whose diameter increases from the inside to the edge of the upper roller, so that these roller pieces are substantially frusto-conical. Similarly, the lower roller may be formed.
- Fig. 3 shows a section through another pair of rollers 3.1, 3.2 along the line III-III Fig. 1 , Again, the lower roller 3.2 again circumferential projections 11.1, 11.2. However, the projections 11.1, 11.2 have a greater width than the projections 10.1, 10.2 on the lower roller 2.2 of the roller pair 2.1, 2.2 from Fig. 2 , The distance of the inner edge of the circumferential projections 11.1, 11.2 is identical to the distance between the inner edges of the circumferential projections 10.1, 10.2 on the roller 2.2. Between the pairs of rollers 2.1, 2.2 and 3.1, 3.2 further roller pairs are arranged in the roll forming 1, which are not shown. The width of the circumferential projections on the lower rollers increases on these pairs of rollers, so that the width of the areas with lower material thickness 12.1, 12.2 is increased in the roller pairs.
- the lower roller comes first with the bent edges 9.1, 9.2 of the metal strip 7 into contact and pushes them against the upper roller, before the circumferential projections engage the lower roller in the metal strip 7 and widen the puncture. Again, the outer edge of the circumferential projections of the lower roller enters first into the metal strip 7. The required forming force is thereby reduced.
- the inner edges of the circumferential projections have a constant distance on all roller pairs.
- the distance between the inner edges of the areas with lower material thickness 12.1, 12.2 is constant.
- the displaced from these areas material is thus pushed only to the outside, so that no material accumulation can occur in the central region 14 of the flat metal strip 7. Since the circumferential projections always rest over the entire width of the regions 12.1, 12.2 with less material thickness on the flat metal strip 7, a groove formation in these areas 12.1, 12.2 is avoided with less material thickness.
- the end portions of the lower roller 3.2 and the upper roller 3.1 are again frusto-conical, the end portions of the upper roller 3.1 are formed so that their diameter increases to the ends of the upper roller 3.1.
- the end portions of the lower roller 3.2 are formed opposite thereto, so that the diameter of the lower roller 3.2 on both sides, starting from the projections 11.1, 11.2 decreases continuously and at the ends of the roller 3.2 has the lowest value.
- the opening angle of these frustoconical portions of the rollers 3.1 and 3.2 may be greater than the opening angle of the frustoconical portions of the rollers 2.1, 2.2 Fig.
- the opening angle of the frusto-conical portions may increase from pair of rollers to pair of rollers until a maximum value of the opening angle is reached.
- the edge regions 9.1, 9.2 of the flat metal strip 7 are thus bent in each pair of rollers a piece further down until a maximum installation angle is reached.
- the maximum installation angle corresponds to the maximum opening angle of the frustoconical areas of the rollers.
- Fig. 1 the maximum value of the opening angle and therefore also the maximum value of the setting angle is already reached with the roller pair 3.1, 3.2.
- Fig. 4 shows a section through the third pair of rollers 4.1, 4.2 Fig. 1 , Also in Fig. 4 only one half of the upper roller 4.1 and the lower roller 4.2 is shown in each case.
- the lower roller 4.2 in turn has peripheral projections 13.1, 13.2, which again have a greater width than the circumferential projections 11.1, 11.2 in the lower roller 3.2 Fig. 3 , The width of the areas of lesser material thickness 12.1, 12.2 extending in the longitudinal direction of the flat metal strip 7, so is further increased.
- the lower roller 4.1 and the upper roller 4.2 again have frustoconical end portions, wherein the diameter of the upper roller 4.1 increases to the ends of the upper roller 4.1 and the lower roller 4.2 is formed opposite thereto, so that their outer diameter, starting from the circumferential projections 13.1, 13.2 decreases towards the ends.
- the opening angle of these truncated cones has reached its maximum value at which a good engagement of the lower roller 4.2 in the flat metal strip 7 is still possible. This maximum value is in a range of 10 ° to 80 ° and is preferably 30 °.
- the edges 9.1, 9.2 of the flat metal strip 7 are pulled inwards.
- edges 9.1, 9.2 of the flat metal strip are again bent outwards a bit, so that in each pair of rollers simultaneous bending of the edges and engagement of the circumferential projections takes place in the flat metal strip 7.
- the positive effect described above is also achieved in this pair of rollers, that the material from the areas with a smaller wall thickness 12.1, 12.2 can be displaced laterally more easily.
- the metal strip 7 is formed into a profile.
- An intermediate step in forming the profile is in Fig. 5 shown.
- the edge regions 9.1, 9.2 of the flat metal strip 7 are now bent in the opposite direction.
- the lower roller 5.2 has a cylindrical central region with a first Diameter, to which join two more cylindrical areas with a slightly larger diameter, which engage and support the areas 12.1, 12.2 with lower material thickness of the metal strip 7, so that these areas are not deformed again. Subsequent to these areas of the lower roller 5.2 is followed by another cylindrical area with a smaller diameter, which corresponds to the first diameter.
- the ends of the lower roller 5.2 are again frustoconical, the diameter increases towards the outside, so that the edge regions of the flat metal strip 7 are now bent upwards.
- the upper roller 5.1 is constructed complementary thereto, ie the end portions of the upper roller 5.1 are also frusto-conical, the diameter of these truncated cones decreases towards the outside.
- Fig. 6 shows one of the last forming steps.
- the flat metal band 7 has almost reached the desired profile shape.
- This profile 8 is, for example, substantially rectangular, wherein the areas of lesser material thickness 12.1, 12.2 are arranged in two opposite sides of the profile 8.
- the profile 8 is not closed. But it can also be provided to close the profile 8 and, if necessary, to weld by means of a weld.
- both the lower roller and the upper roller in all roller pairs need not be formed in one piece. It can also be provided that the rollers are composed of several roller parts, which are arranged side by side. This is for example in Fig. 6 shown. There are also lateral support rollers are provided which support the sides of the profile 8.
- additional workstations may be used to carry out further manufacturing steps, such as e.g. Punching, embossing or cutting to length of the profile, be provided.
- flat metal strip 7 is provided on a coil and fed to the roll forming 1.
- the edges 9.1, 9.2 of the metal strip 7 are bent downwards, so that a plane passing through the central part 14 of the metal strip 7 with planes that run through the bent edges 9.1, 9.2, one at a time Including installation angle.
- two on the lower roll 2.2 (see Fig. 2 ) arranged circumferential projections 10.1, 10.2 at the bending edge in the metal strip 7 and each produce a first narrow groove, ie an area with reduced material thickness 12.1, 12.2.
- the edges 9.1, 9.2 of the metal strip 7 are pulled a bit further down.
- the bending causes the material of the metal strip 7 to flow at the bending edge, which facilitates the lateral material displacement in the region of the recess.
- the edges 9.1, 9.2 of the metal strip 7 are further bent until the installation angle reaches a maximum value (see roller pair 3.1, 3.2).
- the width of the peripheral projections arranged on the lower rollers increases, which increases the width of the regions of reduced material thickness 12.1, 12.2.
- the circumferential projections of the lower rollers continue to engage in the region of the bending edge of the erected edges 9.1, 9.2.
- the metal strip 7 is converted into a profile 8 (see Fig. 5 ).
- the edges 9.1, 9.2 of the metal strip 7 are bent in the opposite direction, ie upwards. Further forming steps follow until the desired profile 8 has been generated ( Fig. 6 ).
- the process is preferably a continuous process.
- the method may also include further manufacturing steps such as punching, embossing or cutting to length profiles 8.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Reduction Rolling/Reduction Stand/Operation Of Reduction Machine (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Profils mit einem unterschiedliche Dicken aufweisenden Querschnitt aus flachem Metallband mittels Walzprofilieren. In dem Verfahren wird mit einem Rollenpaar auf mindestens einer Seite des Metallbands mindestens ein erster Einstich erzeugt, der durch folgende Rollenpaare mit zunehmender Einstichbreite zu einem Bereich mit verringerter Materialstärke verbreitert wird.The invention relates to a method for producing a profile having a different thickness cross section of flat metal strip by roll forming. In the method, a roller pair on at least one side of the metal strip generates at least one first recess, which is widened by the following roller pairs with increasing groove width to a region with reduced material thickness.
Ein solches Verfahren ist beispielsweise aus der
Es ist bekannt, dass bei der Herstellung eines solchen Blechs Wellenbildung im Blech auftreten kann. Durch die Kombination der ersten zentralen Arbeitswalze mit einem großen Durchmesser mit den mehreren zweiten Arbeitswalzen mit wesentlich kleinerem Durchmesser, die auf der ersten zentralen Arbeitswalze angeordnet sind, soll diese Wellenbildung verringert werden. Zudem können Halteplatten vorgesehen werden, die zwischen den zweiten Arbeitswalzen angeordnet sind und das Blech in diesem Bereich auf den Außenumfang der zentralen Arbeitswalze drücken, damit sich das Blech in diesen Bereichen nicht nach außen beult.It is known that in the production of such a sheet, wave formation can occur in the sheet. By combining the first central work roll having a large diameter with the plurality of second work rolls having a substantially smaller diameter, which are arranged on the first central work roll, this wave formation is to be reduced. In addition, holding plates can be provided, which are arranged between the second work rolls and press the sheet in this area on the outer circumference of the central work roll, so that the sheet does not bulge in these areas to the outside.
Ferner wird in der ebenfalls gattungsgemäßen
Auch die
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren bereitzustellen, bei dem die Erzeugung der Bereiche mit verringerter Materialstärke erleichtert wird und die Wellenbildung bei der Herstellung eines Profils aus flachem Metallband mit in Querrichtung des Metallbandes unterschiedlicher Materialstärke weiter verringert bzw. vermieden wird. Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.Object of the present invention is to provide a method in which the production of areas with reduced material thickness is facilitated and the formation of waves in the production of a profile of flat metal strip with in the transverse direction of the metal strip of different material thickness is further reduced or avoided. This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1.
Unter Aufbiegen ist hier zu verstehen, dass die benachbart zu dem mindestens einen Einstich angeordneten Bereiche des flachen Metallbands aus einer durch den Mittelteil des Metallbands aufgespannten Ebene herausbewegt werden, so dass sie mit dieser Ebene des Mittelteils des Metallbands einen Winkel einschließen. Das Aufbiegen der entsprechenden Bereiche kann in beide Richtungen erfolgen, d. h., wenn das Metallband in dem Verfahren horizontal bewegt wird, können die entsprechenden Bereiche nach oben oder nach unten aufgestellt werden.By bending, it is to be understood here that the regions of the flat metal strip arranged adjacent to the at least one recess are moved out of a plane spanned by the central part of the metal strip, so that they are in contact with it Make an angle at the center of the metal band. The bending of the respective areas can be done in both directions, ie, if the metal strip is moved horizontally in the process, the corresponding areas can be set up or down.
Durch diese Änderung des Querschnitts des flachen Metallbands wird die Steifigkeit des Metallbands erhöht, das Metallband mit den aufgebogenen Bereichen-weist dann ein größeres Widerstandsmoment auf, wodurch die Wellenbildung beim Umformen verringert bzw. vermieden wird. Insbesondere bei breiten Metallbändern ist erwünscht, das diese aufgebogenen Bereiche nicht zu weit von dem mindestens einen Einstich entfernt sind. Die Bereiche des Metallbands, die aufgebogen werden, müssen aber nicht unmittelbar benachbart zu dem mindestens einen Einstich angeordnet sein. Der Effekt, dass durch das Biegen der entsprechenden Bereiche und das Eingreifen der Rollen zur Erzeugung bzw. Verbreitung des Einstichs die Ausbildung eines Bereichs mit geringerer Materialstärke erleichtert wird, kann in mehreren Rollenpaaren genutzt werden.This change in the cross-section of the flat metal strip increases the rigidity of the metal strip, the metal strip with the bent-up areas then has a larger moment of resistance, which reduces or avoids wave formation during forming. Especially with wide metal bands is desired that these bent-up areas are not too far away from the at least one puncture. However, the portions of the metal strip that are bent open need not be disposed immediately adjacent to the at least one recess. The effect of facilitating the formation of a region of lesser material thickness by bending the respective regions and engaging the rollers to create or spread the puncture can be utilized in multiple roller pairs.
Werden die benachbart zu dem mindestens einen Einstich angeordneten Bereiche des flachen Metallbands während des Eingriffs des ersten Rollenpaars aufgebogen, so erhält das Metallband gleich zu Beginn des Umformvorgangs die gewünschte höhere Steifigkeit.If the regions of the flat metal strip arranged adjacent to the at least one recess are bent open during the engagement of the first pair of rollers, the metal strip acquires the desired higher rigidity right at the start of the forming process.
In einer bevorzugten Variante des Verfahrens kann vorgesehen werden, dass Rollenpaare zum Erzeugen des jeweiligen Einstichs in dem Biegebereich der aufgebogenen Bereiche in das Metallband eingreifen Durch das Aufbiegen der-entsprechenden Bereiche des Metallbands wird ein Umformprozess eingeleitet, das Material des Metallbands beginnt im Biegebereich zu fließen, wodurch die Materialverdrängung durch die eingreifenden Rollen beim Ausbilden bzw. Verbreitern des Einstichs weiter erleichtert wird.In a preferred variant of the method it can be provided that pairs of rollers for generating the respective groove in the bending region of the bent areas engage in the metal strip by the bending of the corresponding areas of the metal strip, a forming process is initiated, the material of the metal strip begins to flow in the bending area , whereby the material displacement is further facilitated by the engaging rollers in forming or widening the puncture.
Vorteilhaft ist ferner, wenn die Bereiche des Metallbands in Richtung der Seite des Metallbands aufgebogen werden, in der der mindestens eine Einstich erfolgt. Dadurch kann zum einen die den Einstich ausbildende Rolle als Anschlag zum Aufbiegen der entsprechenden Bereiche des Metallbands genutzt werden, wodurch das Aufbiegen erleichtert wird. Zudem ist ein leichteres Ausbilden des Einstichs möglich, die Gefahr von Rissbildung im Bereich des Einstichs wird verringert.It is also advantageous if the areas of the metal strip are bent in the direction of the side of the metal strip, in which the at least one puncture takes place. As a result, on the one hand, the recess forming roller can be used as a stop for bending the corresponding areas of the metal strip, whereby the bending is facilitated. In addition, a lighter formation of the puncture is possible, the risk of cracking in the region of the puncture is reduced.
Zweckmäßigerweise kann ferner vorgesehen werden, dass die den Einstich verbreiternde Rolle jeden Rollenpaars zuerst mit dem bzw. den aufgebogenen Bereichen des Metallbands in Eingriff kommt und diese gegen die entsprechende Gegenrolle des Rollenpaars drückt, bevor der Einstich verbreitert wird. Die erste Rolle kommt dadurch zuerst nur mit einem Teil ihrer Umfangsfläche mit dem Metallband in Eingriff, wodurch nur eine geringere Kraft benötigt wird.Conveniently, it can further be provided that the groove widening the groove of each roller pair first with the or the bent-up areas of the metal strip engages and presses against the corresponding counter-roller of the roller pair before the puncture is widened. As a result, the first roller first engages the metal strip with only part of its peripheral surface, which requires only a smaller force.
Der Effekt, dass gleichzeitiges Aufbiegen der entsprechenden Bereiche des Metallbands und Eindringen der ersten Rolle in das Metallband die seitliche Materialverdrängung erleichtert, kann auch nach Erreichen des maximalen Aufstellwinkels genutzt werden, wenn die aufgebogenen Bereiche des flachen Metallbands nach Erreichen des maximalen Aufstellwinkels vor jedem weiteren Rollenpaar in Richtung einer durch den Mittelteil des Metallbands verlaufenden Ebene zurück gebogen werden. Bei dem darauf folgenden Einstich einer Rollen des folgenden Rollenpaars in das Metallband werden die entsprechenden Bereiche leicht von dieser Ebene weggezogen, so dass durch das vor dem nächsten Rollenpaar erfolgende erneute Aufbiegen der entsprechenden Bereiche der gewünschte Aufstellwinkel wieder erreicht wird.The effect of simultaneously bending the corresponding areas of the metal strip and penetrating the first roll into the metal strip facilitates lateral material displacement even after the maximum pitch angle has been reached, when the bent areas of the flat metal strip come to rest before each other pair of rolls be bent back in the direction of a plane passing through the central part of the metal strip level. In the subsequent puncture of a roll of the following pair of rollers in the metal band, the corresponding areas are easily pulled away from this plane, so that the desired Aufstellwinkel is reached again by the re-bending before the next pair of rollers re-bending the corresponding areas.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Variante des Verfahrens kann vorgesehen werden, dass der maximale Aufstellwinkel zwischen den aufgebogenen Bereichen des Metallbands und dem Mittelteil des Metallbands im Bereich von 10° bis 80°, vorzugsweise bei 30°, liegt, Versuche haben gezeigt, dass dieser Winkelbereich besonders geeignet ist. In diesem Bereich wird der Effekt genutzt, dass gleichzeitiges Aufbiegen der entsprechenden Bereiche und Eindringen der Rollen in das Material des Metallbands zu Erzeugen von Bereichen mit geringerer Materialstärke zu einer Erleichterung des seitlichen Verschiebens des Materials führt. Gleichzeitig ist das Profil in diesem Winkelbereich noch nicht zu weit geschlossen, so dass die Rollenpaare der Walzprofilieranlage noch gut an dem Metallband angreifen können.In a particularly preferred variant of the method can be provided that the maximum angle between the bent-up portions of the metal strip and the middle portion of the metal strip in the range of 10 ° to 80 °, preferably at 30 °, experiments have shown that this angle range particularly suitable is. In this area, the effect is exploited that simultaneous bending of the respective areas and penetration of the rollers into the material of the metal strip to produce regions of lesser material strength results in facilitating the lateral displacement of the material. At the same time, the profile in this angular range is not closed too far, so that the roller pairs of the roll forming can still attack well on the metal strip.
In einer besonders einfachen Verfahrensvariante kann vorgesehen werden, dass die Ränder des flachen Metallbands aufgebogen werden. In diesem Fall entsprechen die aufgebogenen Bereiche den Rändern. Dies ist besonders bei schmäleren Metallbändern vorteilhaft.In a particularly simple method variant can be provided that the edges of the flat metal strip are bent. In this case, the correspond bent areas around the edges. This is particularly advantageous for narrower metal bands.
Ein weiterer positiver Effekt kann erreicht werden, wenn die näher am Mittelteil des Metallband angeordnete Seitenkante des Bereichs mit geringerer Materialstärke eine konstante Position behält. Das Material des Metallbandes wird also in dem Bereich mit geringerer Materialstärke nur nach außen geschoben, so dass im Mittelbereich des Metallbandes keine unerwünschten Materialansammlungen auftreten können, die eventuell Wellenbildung oder ein Biegen des Metallbandes erzeugen können.Another positive effect can be achieved if the side edge of the region of lesser material thickness arranged closer to the center part of the metal strip maintains a constant position. The material of the metal strip is thus pushed in the region of lesser material thickness only to the outside, so that in the central region of the metal strip no undesirable accumulations of material can occur, which may eventually produce waves or bending of the metal strip.
In einer weiteren Variante des Verfahrens kann vorgesehen werden, dass das Verfahren weitere Fertigungsschritte wie Stanzen oder Prägen umfasst. Diese Fertigungsschritte können auch vor dem Umformen des flachen Metallbands zum Profil erfolgen. Dadurch können alle gewünschten Bearbeitungsschritte des Profils in einer Anlage durchgeführt werden.In a further variant of the method it can be provided that the method comprises further production steps such as stamping or embossing. These manufacturing steps can also be done before forming the flat metal strip to profile. As a result, all desired processing steps of the profile can be carried out in one system.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- Seitenansicht einer Walzprofilieranlage für das erfindungsgemäße Herstell- verfahren,
- Fig. 2
- Schnitt durch ein Rollenpaar der Walzprofilieranlage aus
Fig. 1 entlang der Linie II-II, - Fig. 3
- Schnitt durch ein Rollenpaar der Walzprofilieranlage aus
Fig. 1 entlang der Linie III-III, - Fig. 4
- Schnitt durch ein Rollenpaar der Walzprofilieranlage aus
Fig. 1 entlang der Linie IV-IV, - Fig. 5
- Schnitt durch ein Rollenpaar der Walzprofilieranlage aus
Fig. 1 entlang der Linie V-V und - Fig. 6
- Schnitt durch ein Rollenpaar der Walzprofilieranlage aus
Fig. 1 entlang der Linie VI-VI.
- Fig. 1
- Side view of a roll forming plant for the production process according to the invention,
- Fig. 2
- Section through a pair of rollers of the roll forming from
Fig. 1 along the line II-II, - Fig. 3
- Section through a pair of rollers of the roll forming from
Fig. 1 along the line III-III, - Fig. 4
- Section through a pair of rollers of the roll forming from
Fig. 1 along the line IV-IV, - Fig. 5
- Section through a pair of rollers of the roll forming from
Fig. 1 along the line VV and - Fig. 6
- Section through a pair of rollers of the roll forming from
Fig. 1 along the line VI-VI.
Der Walzprofilieranlage 1 wird flaches Metallband 7 zugeführt, das vorzugsweise zu einem Coil aufgerollt ist. Als Bandmaterial werden beispielsweise Stahl, Edelstahl hochfester Stahl, Kupfer bzw. Aluminium- und Kupferlegierungen oder Aluminium eingesetzt. In der Walzprofilieranlage 1 wird das flache Metallband 7 zu einem Profil 8 umgeformt. Dabei sind in der Walzprofilieranlage 1 Schritte vorgesehen, um die Materialstärke des flachen Metallbands 7 in in Längsrichtung des Metallbands 7 bzw. des Profils 8, also in Walzrichtung, verlaufenden Bereichen zu reduzieren. Das fertige Profil 8 weist daher einen Querschnitt mit unterschiedlicher Dicke auf. Es ist bereits bekannt, solche Profile herzustellen. Ein Problem bei solchen Verfahren ist, dass das aus den Bereichen mit geringerer Materialstärke verdrängte Material nicht in Längsrichtung verdrängt werden darf, da sonst Wellenbildung bzw. Aufbiegen des Metallbands auftreten kann. In der Walzprofilieranlage 1 ist deshalb ein erstes Rollenpaar 2.1, 2.2 vorgesehen, das so ausgebildet ist, dass die Ränder 9.1, 9.2 des Metallbands 7 vor und/oder während der Erzeugung des ersten Einstichs aufgebogen werden. Besonders bei schmäleren Metallbändern werden die Randbereiche aufgebogen. Bei breiten Metallbändern ist es vorteilhaft, wenn benachbart zu dem bzw. den Einstichen angeordnete Bereiche aufgebogen werden, die auch mittig im Metallband angeordnet sein können. Im Folgenden wird das Verfahren für Metallbänder beschrieben, bei denen die Ränder aufgebogen werden. Die folgende Beschreibung gilt analog aber auch für Metallbänder, bei denen die benachbart zu dem bzw. den Einstichen angeordneten Bereiche nicht den Rändern entsprechen, sondern weiter mittig im Metallband angeordnet sind.The roll forming 1 is supplied
Ein Schnitt durch das Rollenpaar 2.1, 2.2 ist in
In
Bei dem Eintritt des Metallbands 7 in das zweite und alle weiteren Rollenpaare kommt die untere Rolle zuerst mit den aufgebogenen Rändern 9.1, 9.2 des Metallbands 7 in Berührung und drückt diese gegen die obere Rolle, bevor die umlaufenden Vorsprünge der unteren Rolle in das Metallband 7 eingreifen und den Einstich verbreitern. Auch hierbei tritt die äußere Kante der umlaufenden Vorsprünge der unteren Rolle zuerst in das Metallband 7 ein. Die benötigte Umformkraft wird dadurch verringert.At the entrance of the
Die Innenkanten der umlaufenden Vorsprünge haben auf allen Rollenpaaren einen konstanten Abstand. Somit ist auch der Abstand der Innenkanten der Bereiche mit geringerer Materialstärke 12.1, 12.2 konstant. Das aus diesen Bereichen verdrängte Material wird somit nur nach außen geschoben, so dass in dem Mittelbereich 14 des flachen Metallbands 7 keine Materialaufhäufung auftreten kann. Da die umlaufenden Vorsprünge immer über die gesamte Breite der Bereiche 12.1, 12.2 mit geringerer Materialstärke auf dem flachen Metallband 7 aufliegen, wird eine Rillenbildung in diesen Bereichen 12.1, 12.2 mit geringerer Materialstärke vermieden.The inner edges of the circumferential projections have a constant distance on all roller pairs. Thus, the distance between the inner edges of the areas with lower material thickness 12.1, 12.2 is constant. The displaced from these areas material is thus pushed only to the outside, so that no material accumulation can occur in the
Wie in
Durch dieses Aufbiegen der Randbereiche 9.1, 9.2 des flachen Metallbands 7 wird das Widerstandsmoment des flachen Metallbands 7 erhöht, wodurch die Neigung zur Wellenbildung verringert wird. Verstärkt wird dieser Effekt dadurch, dass die Breite der Bereiche 12.1, 12.2 mit verringerter Materialstärke des Metallbands 7 schrittweise erhöht wird, wodurch das verdrängte Material des flachen Metallbandes 7 jeweils nur nach außen, d. h. seitlich, verschoben wird. Da das Aufbiegen der Randbereiche 9.1, 9.2 des flachen Metallbandes 7 nahezu gleichzeitig mit dem Eindringen der umlaufenden Vorsprünge der jeweils unteren Rolle erfolgt, entsteht ein weiterer positiver Effekt. Durch das Aufbiegen der Ränder 9.1, 9.2 findet eine Materialschwächung in dem Biegeradius bzw. der Biegekante statt, das Material wird gedehnt und beginnt zu fließen. Dadurch ist ein leichtes seitliches Verdrängen des Materials möglich. Da diese Kombination aus Biegen und Drücken in jedem Rollenpaar stattfindet, wird das Ausbilden der Bereiche mit geringerer Materialstärke 12.1, 12.2 über die Länge des flachen Metallbands 7 erleichtert.By this bending of the edge regions 9.1, 9.2 of the
Wenn die Bereiche mit geringerer Materialstärke 12.1, 12.2 des flachen Metallbands 7 die gewünschte Breite erreicht haben, wird das Metallband 7 zu einem Profil umgeformt. Ein Zwischenschritt bei der Umformung zum Profil ist in
Wie bereits erwähnt, müssen sowohl die untere Rolle als auch die obere Rolle in allen Rollenpaaren nicht einteilig ausgebildet sein. Es kann auch vorgesehen werden, dass sich die Rollen aus mehreren Rollenteilen zusammensetzen, die nebeneinander angeordnet sind. Dies ist beispielsweise in
In der Walzprofilieranlage können zusätzliche Arbeitsstationen zur Durchführung weiterer Fertigungsschritte, wie z.B. Stanzen, Prägen oder Ablängen des Profils, vorgesehen sein.In the rollforming plant, additional workstations may be used to carry out further manufacturing steps, such as e.g. Punching, embossing or cutting to length of the profile, be provided.
Im folgenden wird das Herstellverfahren für das Profil 8 anhand der
Wie in
In den darauffolgenden Rollenpaaren der Walzprofilieranlage 1 werden die Ränder 9.1, 9.2 des Metallbands 7 weiter aufgebogen, bis der Aufstellwinkel einen Maximalwert erreicht (siehe Rollenpaar 3.1, 3.2). Gleichzeitig nimmt die Breite der auf der unteren Rollen angeordneten umlaufenden Vorsprünge zu, wodurch die Breite der Bereiche mit verringerter Materialstärke 12.1, 12.2 vergrößert wird. Die umlaufenden Vorsprünge der unteren Rollen greifen weiterhin im Bereich der Biegekante der aufgestellten Ränder 9.1, 9.2 ein.In the subsequent roll pairs of the roll forming 1, the edges 9.1, 9.2 of the
Ist der maximale Aufstellwinkel erreicht, wie dies z. B. in
Haben die Bereiche mit geringerer Materialstärke 12.1, 12.2 die gewünschte Breite erreicht, so wird das Metallband 7 zu einem Profil 8 umgeformt (siehe
Bei dem Verfahren handelt es sich vorzugsweise um ein kontinuierliches Verfahren.The process is preferably a continuous process.
Das Verfahren kann zudem weitere Fertigungsschritte wie Stanzen, Prägen oder Ablängen der Profile 8 umfassen.The method may also include further manufacturing steps such as punching, embossing or cutting to length profiles 8.
Wie bereits beschrieben, ist es bei breiten Metallbändern vorteilhafter, nicht die Ränder des Metallbands umzubiegen, sondern die benachbart zu dem oder den Einstichen angeordnete Bereiche. In diesem Fall wird das oben beschriebene Verfahren dann statt an den Rändern des Metallbands an den benachbart zu dem bzw. den Einstichen angeordneten Bereichen durchgeführt.As already described, it is more advantageous for wide metal bands not to fold over the edges of the metal strip, but rather the areas adjacent to the one or more punctures. In this case, the method described above is then carried out at the edges adjacent to the metal strip instead of the areas arranged adjacent to the recess (s).
Claims (10)
- Method for the manufacture of a profile (8) with a cross-section of different thicknesses made from flat metal strip (7) by means of roll-profiling, in that one roller pair (2.1, 2.2) produces at least a first recess on at least one side of the metal strip (7), said recess being widened by following roller pairs (3.1, 3.2; 4.1, 4.2) with increasing recess width to form a region with reduced material thickness (12.1, 12.2), characterised in that regions of the flat metal strip (7) arranged adjacent to the at least one recess are bent-up during an engagement of a roller pair (2.1, 2.2; 3.1, 3.2; 4.1, 4.2) having an upper and a lower roller by obliquely running edge regions of the rollers (2.1, 2.2; 3.1, 3.2; 4.1, 4.2) of the roller pair, wherein an inner region with constant diameter of the upper roller (2.1) is somewhat longer than the distance between two protrusions (10.1, 10.2) on the lower roller (2.2) which produce one recess and the two protrusions (10.1, 10.2) arranged on the lower roller (2.2) serve as counter part or bending edge, and wherein the regions of the metal strip (7) are incrementally bent-up in a plurality of roller pairs (2.1, 2.2; 3.1, 3.2; 4.1, 4.2) until a maximum erection angle between a central part (14) of the metal strip (7) and the bent-up regions (9.1, 9.2) is obtained.
- Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that the regions of the flat metal strip (7) arranged adjacent to the at least one recess are bent up during the engagement of the first roller pair (2.1, 2.2).
- Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the roller pairs (2.1, 2.2; 3.1, 3.2; 4.1, 4.2) engage the metal strip (7) in the bending region of the bent-up regions for producing the respective recess.
- Method according to one of the Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the regions of the metal strip (7) are bent up in the direction of the side of the metal strip (7) in which the at least one recess is provided.
- Method according to one of the Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the recess-widening roller (2.2, 3.2, 4.2) of each roller pair (2.1, 2.2; 3.1, 3.2; 4.1, 4.2) first engages the bent-up region or regions of the metal strip (7) and presses them against the corresponding opposing roller (2.1; 3.1; 4.1) before the recess is widened.
- Method according to one of the Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that after reaching the maximum erection angle the bent-up regions of the flat metal strip (7) are bent back in the direction of a plane running through the central part (14) of the metal strip (7) before each further roller pair (3.1, 3.2; 4.1, 4.2).
- Method according to one of the Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the maximum erection angle between the bent-up regions of the metal strip (7) and the central part (14) of the metal strip (7) is located in the range from 10° to 80°, preferably at 30°.
- Method according to one of the Claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the edges (9.1, 9.2) of the flat metal strip (7) are bent up.
- Method according to one of the Claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the lateral edge of the region with less material thickness (12.1, 12.2) which is arranged closer to the central part (14) of the metal strip (7) maintains a constant position.
- Method according to one of the Claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the method comprises further production steps such as punching or stamping.
Priority Applications (1)
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PL08802124T PL2212039T3 (en) | 2007-10-26 | 2008-09-12 | Process for producing a profile from a flat metal strip |
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DE102007051354A DE102007051354B4 (en) | 2007-10-26 | 2007-10-26 | Method for producing a profile from flat metal strip |
PCT/EP2008/007571 WO2009052906A1 (en) | 2007-10-26 | 2008-09-12 | Process for producing a profile from a flat metal strip |
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EP2212039A1 EP2212039A1 (en) | 2010-08-04 |
EP2212039B1 true EP2212039B1 (en) | 2011-02-09 |
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US (1) | US8646303B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2212039B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE497847T1 (en) |
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PL (1) | PL2212039T3 (en) |
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EP4311607A1 (en) | 2022-07-28 | 2024-01-31 | Metalkas S.A. | A metal section and a method for manufacturing thereof |
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DE102008000219A1 (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-06 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Cold rolling process for the production of a profile |
EP2301688A1 (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2011-03-30 | DREISTERN GmbH & Co.KG | Rolling device for producing a metal strip or profile with a thickness variable across its width |
DE102009048795A1 (en) | 2009-10-08 | 2011-04-14 | Welser Profile Ag | Method for manufacturing groove or notch with undercut, particularly one-side or two-side dovetail groove, involves roller profiling of metal band, where clearance groove is generated with roller pair on side of metal band |
DE102010011028A1 (en) | 2010-03-11 | 2011-09-15 | Welser Profile Ag | Method for producing V-shaped hat profile for solar heat collector, involves applying glue layer on bonding area before cleaning bonding area, and cross cutting profile in lengthwise manner in profile production line |
JP6551664B2 (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2019-07-31 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Recording medium delivery apparatus and image forming apparatus |
EP3396096B1 (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2020-02-19 | RP Technik GmbH Profilsysteme | Composite profile and method for manufacturing a composite profile |
CA2967628A1 (en) | 2017-05-19 | 2018-11-19 | Michael R. Strickland | Ribbed spine stud with variable web |
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JPS6250007A (en) | 1985-08-28 | 1987-03-04 | Dowa Mining Co Ltd | One-pass type continuous multiple-stage rolling mill and rolling method |
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DK2025420T3 (en) * | 2007-08-16 | 2012-06-25 | Hilti Ag | Method of reducing the thickness of one roll product in one piece |
DE102008000219A1 (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2009-08-06 | Hilti Aktiengesellschaft | Cold rolling process for the production of a profile |
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2007
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Cited By (1)
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EP4311607A1 (en) | 2022-07-28 | 2024-01-31 | Metalkas S.A. | A metal section and a method for manufacturing thereof |
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WO2009052906A1 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
US20100319432A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
DE102007051354A1 (en) | 2008-10-09 |
ES2361115T3 (en) | 2011-06-14 |
PL2212039T3 (en) | 2011-07-29 |
US8646303B2 (en) | 2014-02-11 |
EP2212039A1 (en) | 2010-08-04 |
DK2212039T3 (en) | 2011-03-28 |
DE502008002585D1 (en) | 2011-03-24 |
ATE497847T1 (en) | 2011-02-15 |
DE102007051354B4 (en) | 2009-11-19 |
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