EP2207879A2 - Identification et isolement de cellules et d'acide nucléique f taux - Google Patents

Identification et isolement de cellules et d'acide nucléique f taux

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Publication number
EP2207879A2
EP2207879A2 EP08831741A EP08831741A EP2207879A2 EP 2207879 A2 EP2207879 A2 EP 2207879A2 EP 08831741 A EP08831741 A EP 08831741A EP 08831741 A EP08831741 A EP 08831741A EP 2207879 A2 EP2207879 A2 EP 2207879A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antibody
fetal
syndrome
epitope
sample
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08831741A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2207879A4 (fr
Inventor
Farideh Bischoff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Novartis AG
Original Assignee
Biocept Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Biocept Inc filed Critical Biocept Inc
Publication of EP2207879A2 publication Critical patent/EP2207879A2/fr
Publication of EP2207879A4 publication Critical patent/EP2207879A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
    • G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
    • G01N33/5044—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics involving specific cell types
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
    • G01N33/5091—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing the pathological state of an organism
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/5302—Apparatus specially adapted for immunological test procedures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/531—Production of immunochemical test materials
    • G01N33/532—Production of labelled immunochemicals
    • G01N33/533—Production of labelled immunochemicals with fluorescent label
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6875—Nucleoproteins
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/689—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to pregnancy or the gonads
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
    • G01N2333/435—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
    • G01N2333/46—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans from vertebrates
    • G01N2333/47—Assays involving proteins of known structure or function as defined in the subgroups
    • G01N2333/4701—Details
    • G01N2333/4703—Regulators; Modulating activity

Definitions

  • Prenatal testing or screening is usually performed to determine the gender of the fetus or to detect genetic disorders and/or chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus during pregnancy.
  • genetic disorders caused by one or more faulty genes, have been recognized.
  • Some examples include Cystic Fibrosis, Huntington's Disease, Beta Thalassaemia, Myotonic Dystrophy, Sickle Cell Anemia, Porphyria, and Fragile -X- Syndrome.
  • Chromosomal abnormality is caused by aberrations in chromosome numbers, duplication or absence of chromosomal material, and by defects in chromosome structure.
  • chromosomal abnormalities are trisomies, e.g., trisomy 16, a major cause of miscarriage in the first trimester, trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome), trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome), Klinefelter 's syndrome (47, XXY), (47, XYY), and (47, XXX); the absence of chromosomes (monosomy), e.g., Turner syndrome (45, XO); chromosomal translocations, deletions and/or microdeletions, e.g., Robertsonian translocation, Angelman syndrome, DiGeorge syndrome and Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome.
  • trisomies e.g., trisomy 16, a major cause of miscarriage in the first trimester
  • trisomy 21 Down syndrome
  • trisomy 13 Patau syndrome
  • trisomy 18 Edwards syndrome
  • Klinefelter 's syndrome 47, XXY
  • chorionic villus sampling performed on a pregnant woman around 10-12 weeks into the pregnancy and amniocentesis performed at around 14-16 weeks all contain invasive procedures to obtain the sample for testing chromosomal abnormalities in a fetus.
  • Fetal cells obtained via these sampling procedures are usually tested for chromosomal abnormalities using cytogenetic or fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses.
  • FISH fluorescent in situ hybridization
  • the present invention is based, in part, on the discovery that nucleosome epitopes can be used as markers for fetal cells or fetal nucleic acids. Accordingly, the present invention provides antibodies to these nucleosome epitopes, kits containing such antibodies, and methods for using such antibodies to detect or isolate fetal cells and/or fetal nucleic acids.
  • it provides an antibody that specifically binds to a fetal nucleosome epitope. In another embodiment of the invention, it provides a kit comprising an antibody of the invention.
  • kits suitable for testing the genetic composition of a fetus comprises an isolated nucleic acid sample of the fetus that is isolated by using an antibody of the invention.
  • the invention provides a method for detecting the presence of fetal nucleic acids and/or fetal cells in a biological sample obtained from a maternal host of a fetus.
  • the method comprises contacting the biological sample with an antibody of the invention and detecting the binding of the antibody to a nucleosome in the biological sample. Specific binding of the antibody to the nucleosome is indicative of the presence of fetal nucleic acids and/or fetal cells.
  • it provides a method for isolating nucleic acids of a fetus.
  • the method comprises isolating nucleic acid from a cervical mucus sample obtained from a maternal host of the fetus by contacting the cervical mucus sample with an antibody of the invention.
  • it provides a method for enriching nucleic acids of a fetus. The method comprises isolating nucleic acid from a cervical mucus sample obtained from a maternal host of the fetus by contacting the cervical mucus sample with an antibody of the invention.
  • the invention provides a method of identifying the genetic composition of a fetus.
  • the method comprises isolating fetal nucleic acid according to a method of the invention and identifying the genetic composition of the fetus based on the isolated fetal nucleic acid.
  • composition containing a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and an adjuvant.
  • the invention provides a method of making an antibody that specifically binds to a fetal nucleosome epitope.
  • the method comprises immunizing an animal with a composition containing a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and an adjuvant.
  • the present invention is based, in part, on the discovery that nucleosome eiptopes can be used as markers for fetal cells or fetal nucleic acids. Accordingly the present invention provides antibodies to these nucleosome epitopes, kits containing these antibodies and methods for using these antibodies to detect or isolate fetal cells and/or fetal nucleic acids.
  • an antibody that specifically binds to a fetal nucleosome epitope.
  • the term "antibody,” as used herein, includes an antibody binding region, CDR, single chain antibody, chimeric antibody, or humanized antibody.
  • the antibody of the invention can be a monoclonal antibody or polyclonal antibody.
  • the antibody can be any isotype, e.g., IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, or IgE.
  • the fetal nucleosome epitope is any epitope associated with fetal chromatin or nucleosome that is unique to a fetus, or that is distinct from a corresponding maternal epitope.
  • the fetal nucleosome epitope has a molecular structure (e.g., a primary, secondary, or tertiary structure) that is distinct from that of a corresponding maternal epitope.
  • the fetal nucleosome epitope is more exposed, or more accessible to, the antibody in a fetal nucleosome than in a maternal nucleosome.
  • Hl sometimes called the linker histone
  • H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 histones assemble to form an octameric nucleosome core particle by wrapping 146 base pairs of DNA around the protein spool.
  • the linker histone Hl and a linker DNA connect the individual nucleosomes like beads on a string.
  • the H3 class of histones consists of four different protein types: the main types, H3.1 and H3.2; the replacement type, H3.3; and the testis specific variant, H3t.
  • H3.1 and H3.2 are closely related, only differing at Ser96, H3.1 differs from H3.3 in at least 5 amino acid positions. Further, H3.1 is highly enriched in fetal liver, in comparison to its presence in adult tissues including liver, kidney and heart. In adult human tissue, the H3.3 variant is more abundant than the H3.1 variant, whereas the converse is true for fetal liver. These differences can be exploited by the antibodies of the invention to detect fetal cells and/or fetal nucleic acid in a maternal biological sample that comprises both fetal and maternal cells and/or fetal nucleic acid.
  • the fetal nucleosome epitope can be an epitope associated with a histone.
  • the fetal nucleosome epitope is an epitope associated with histone H3.
  • the fetal nucleosome epitope is an epitope associated with histone H3.1.
  • the fetal nucleosome epitope is an epitope associated with histone H3.1, but not with histone H3.3.
  • the fetal nucleosome epitope comprises or consists of an epitope within a peptide with an amino acid sequence: Ser-Ala-Val-Met-Ala- Leu-Gln-Glu-Ala-Cys (SEQ ID NO: 1).
  • the fetal nucleosome epitope comprises or consists of an epitope with 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • the fetal nucleosome epitope comprises or consists of an epitope within a peptide with an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • the fetal nucleosome epitope is an epitope associated with histone H3.1, and comprises or consists of an epitope within a peptide with an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • Antibodies of the invention include those that compete with antibodies that specifically bind an epitope within a peptide with an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • the antibodies of the invention can also be targeted to specific conformational or structural features of the histones, especially histone H3.1.
  • the fetal nucleosome epitope can be an epitope associated with a region of histone H3.1 that is more exposed in fetal nucleosomes compared to the corresponding H3.1 in maternal nucleosomes. Differences in post- translational modifications, e.g., methylation or acetylation, that occur in fetal and maternal H3 histones can also be exploited to target fetal H3.1 histones to detect, enrich and/or isolate fetal DNA.
  • Two sets of antibodies, one designed to bind to a specific histone conformation or sequence, and the second designed to bind to a post-translational modification can also be used to isolate fetal nucleic acid.
  • the fetal nucleosome epitope does not include an epitope associated with a histone ⁇ e.g., histone H3 or H3.1) that comprises a post- translation modification. In another embodiment, the fetal nucleosome epitope does not include an epitope associated with a histone ⁇ e.g., histone H3 or H3.1) that comprises a post-translation phosphorylated, methylated, or acetylated amino acid. In yet another embodiment, the fetal nucleosome epitope does not include an epitope associated with a histone ⁇ e.g.
  • the fetal nucleosome epitope does not include an epitope associated with a histone ⁇ e.g., histone H3 or H3.1) that comprises a lysine residue at position 4 from the N-terminal end (“K4") that has been methylated, a lysine residue at position 9 (“K9”) that has been methylated or acteylated, or a serine residue at position 10 (“SlO”) that has been phosphorylated.
  • a histone ⁇ e.g., histone H3 or H3.1 that comprises a lysine residue at position 4 from the N-terminal end (“K4") that has been methylated, a lysine residue at position 9 (“K9”) that has been methylated or acteylated, or a serine residue at position 10 (“SlO”) that has been phosphorylated.
  • the antibodies of the invention contain a detectable entity ⁇ e.g., a label).
  • detectable labels exist in the art and methods of labeling are well known to the skilled artisan.
  • General classes of labels which can be used in the present invention, include, but are not limited to, radioactive isotopes, fluorescent, chemiluminescent and bioluminescent molecules, chromophores, enzymes, enzyme substrates, enzyme cofactors, enzyme inhibitors, chromophores, dyes, metal ions, metal sols, ligands ⁇ e.g., biotin, avidin, streptavidin, digoxigenin or haptens), etc.
  • Detectable labels include those which fluoresce, including those substances or portions thereof which are capable of exhibiting fluorescence in the detectable range.
  • the antibody of the invention is fluorescently labeled. In another embodiment, the antibody of the invention is fluorescently labeled and the specific binding of the antibody to the fetal cell or fetal nucleic acid is detected by a flow cytometric method, for example, by fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS).
  • FACS fluorescent activated cell sorting
  • the antibody of the invention is immobilized on a solid support.
  • the antibody can be immobilized on the solid support either directly, or indirectly, for example, via a linker.
  • Methods for attaching antibodies to solid supports are well known to those skilled in the art and any method now known, or later discovered, can be used.
  • the solid support is a population of magnetic particles, a particle contained in a column, e.g., a resin column, a surface of a microchannel, a micro we 11, a plate, an array, a filter, a membrane, or a glass slide.
  • the antibody of the invention can be immobilized, or coated on the surface of an apparatus, e.g., a micro flow apparatus.
  • An exemplary microflow apparatus comprises an inlet means, an outlet means, and a microchannel arrangement extending between the inlet and outlet means.
  • the microchannel arrangement can be any microchannel capable of providing a randomized flow path for the biological sample.
  • the microchannel arrangement can include a plurality of transverse separator posts that are integral with a base surface of the microchannel and project therefrom. The posts are generally arranged in a pattern capable of providing a randomized flow path. Examples of micro flow apparatuses are described in U.S. Application Nos. 11/458,668 and 11/331,988, both of which are incorporated herein in their entirety.
  • the surface of the microchannel arrangement of the micro flow apparatus can be coated partially or entirely, with antibodies of the invention.
  • the kit comprising an antibody of the invention.
  • the kit further comprises an instruction for using the kit to detect a fetal cell or isolate fetal nucleic acid from a biological sample of a maternal host.
  • the kit comprises a micro flow apparatus or other solid support coated with an antibody of the invention.
  • kits suitable for testing the genetic composition of a fetus comprises an isolated or enriched nucleic acid sample of the fetus that has been isolated or enriched using an antibody of the invention.
  • the present invention provides a method for detecting the presence of fetal nucleic acids in a biological sample obtained from a maternal host of the fetus.
  • the method comprises contacting the biological sample with an antibody of the invention and detecting the binding of the antibody to a nucleosome in the biological sample. Specific binding of the antibody to the nucleosome is indicative of the presence of the fetal cell.
  • the biological sample can be any maternal biological sample, e.g., a bodily fluid or fraction thereof, that is likely to contain a fetal cell or fetal nucleic acid.
  • the biological sample is a blood, plasma, serum, urine, cervical mucus, amniotic fluid, chorionic villus sample, or a fraction thereof.
  • the biological sample is blood, plasma, serum, urine, or a fraction thereof.
  • the biological sample is a cervical mucus sample.
  • the biological sample can be obtained from the maternal host of the fetus by any means known or later discovered in the art.
  • the detection step includes detecting specific binding of an antibody of the invention to a cell or a fragment thereof (e.g., an apoptotic body).
  • the specific binding of the antibody to the cell is indicative of the presence of a fetal cell.
  • the detection of specific binding of an antibody of the invention to a nucleosome or to a cell in the biological sample can be carried out using a flow cytometric method.
  • Exemplary flow cytometric methods that can be used, e.g., when the antibody is fiuorescently labeled, include, but are not limited to, fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS).
  • the present invention provides a method for isolating or enriching nucleic acids of a fetus.
  • the method comprises isolating nucleic acids from a biological sample obtained from a maternal host of the fetus by contacting the biological sample with an antibody of the invention.
  • the biological sample can be obtained from the maternal host of the fetus at any time, e.g., during the first, second, or third trimester. In one embodiment, the biological sample is obtained during the first trimester of pregnancy. In another embodiment, the biological sample is obtained during the second trimester. In another embodiment, the biological sample is obtained during weeks 4 through 12, weeks 8 through 12, or weeks 10 through 12 of pregnancy. In yet another embodiment, the biological sample is obtained during weeks 13 through 28, weeks 13 through 24, weeks 13 through 20, weeks 13 through 16, weeks 17 through 20, or weeks 21 through 24 of pregnancy.
  • the biological sample can be any maternal biological sample as described above.
  • the biological sample is blood, plasma, serum, urine, cervical mucus, amniotic fluid, chorionic villus sample, or a fraction thereof.
  • the biological sample is urine, cervical mucus, amniotic fluid, chorionic villus sample, or a fraction thereof.
  • the biological sample is a cervical mucus sample, or a fraction thereof.
  • the cervical mucus sample e.g., an endocervical mucus sample or a transcervical mucus sample, can be obtained by any technique now known, or later developed, in the art. Such techniques include, but are not limited to, transcervical swabs, endocervical lavage, scrapes, cytobrush, aspiration, intrauterine lavage, or a combination thereof.
  • the cervical mucus sample can be a fresh sample, e.g., without substantial preservation, or a sample preserved from a fresh sample, e.g., preserved in a suitable aqueous preservation medium, or alternatively, a sample of a medium containing nucleic acids leached from one or more cervical mucus samples.
  • the cervical mucus sample of the present invention can be maintained or stored between about 4°C and about 20 0 C, e.g., in a low calcium basal medium.
  • the cervical mucus sample is a treated sample, e.g., a fresh or a preserved sample treated with a suitable reagent(s) to facilitate mucus dissolution which in turn, assists in isolation of nucleic acid components from the sample.
  • the cervical mucus sample of the present invention can be a sample treated with mucolytic agent(s) or mucinase(s), e.g., N-acetyl-L-cysteine, L-cysteine, dithiothreitol (DTT), brornhexine hydrochloride, and any of the hyaluronidases, including hyaluronate lyase, hyaluronoglucosarninidase, and hyaluronglucuronidase.
  • mucolytic agent(s) or mucinase(s) e.g., N-acetyl-L-cysteine, L-cysteine, dithiothreitol (DTT), brornhexine hydrochloride, and any of the hyaluronidases, including hyaluronate lyase, hyaluronoglucosarninidase, and hy
  • the cervical mucus sample of the present invention is a sample treated with enzyme(s), e.g., sugar hydrolysis enzyme(s), such as ⁇ -galactosidase or invertase; proteinase; pepsin; or combinations thereof.
  • enzyme(s) e.g., sugar hydrolysis enzyme(s), such as ⁇ -galactosidase or invertase; proteinase; pepsin; or combinations thereof.
  • the biological sample obtained from the maternal host of the fetus is subjected to apoptosis-inducing treatment, or, is treated to facilitate the release of fetal nucleic acid from intact fetal cells, prior to being contacted by the antibody.
  • the biological sample can be a sample treated with reagents, or subjected to high pH, shearing, or heat shock. Reagents such as an etoposide, including, but not limited to, VP 16, and other comparable enzymes can be used to facilitate the release of fetal nucleic acid.
  • the biological sample is treated to enrich fetal nucleic acid and/or reduce maternal nucleic acid content.
  • the biological sample can be treated to reduce or degrade any nucleic acid, e.g., DNA that is characteristic of maternal DNA.
  • a nucleic acid is hypermethylated maternal DNA.
  • Any means to reduce, degrade, or selectively remove hypermethylated maternal DNA can be used including, without any limitation, methylation specific restriction enzymes such as McrBC (BioLabs), antibodies specific for hypermethylated maternal DNA such as anti-5'-methyl-cytosine antibodies and/or anti-methylCpG binding protein-2 (MeCP2) antibodies, or ligands or proteins such as MeCP2 that specifically bind methylated CpG islands in maternal DNA.
  • fetal nucleic acid can be enriched using markers specific for fetal nucleic acids.
  • hypomethylated maspin DNA can be used as a marker for fetal DNA.
  • total DNA from the biological sample can be treated with sodium bisulfite which could induce chemical changes in the hypomethylated fetal DNA, whereby unmethylated cytosine of fetal DNA is converted into uridine (U).
  • U uridine
  • Such change can be used to preferentially isolate or enrich fetal DNA, e.g., to preferentially amplify fetal DNA containing uridine(s) converted from cytosine(s).
  • the present invention provides a method of identifying the genetic composition of a fetus.
  • the method comprises isolating fetal nucleic acid according to a method of the invention and identifying the genetic composition of the fetus based on the isolated fetal nucleic acid.
  • the genetic composition of the fetus can be indicative of the gender of the fetus, or of a condition or disorder in the fetus.
  • the genetic composition includes, without any limitation, monosomy, partial monosomy, trisomy, partial trisomy, chromosomal translocation, chromosomal duplication, chromosomal deletion or microdeletion, and chromosomal inversion.
  • the term "monosomy” refers to the presence of only one chromosome from a pair of chromosomes. Monosomy is a type of aneuploidy. Partial monosomy occurs when the long or short arm of a chromosome is missing.
  • XO only one X chromosome instead of the usual two (XX) seen in a normal female (also known as Turner syndrome);
  • cri du chat syndrome a partial monosomy caused by a deletion of the end of the short p (from the word petit, French for small) arm of chromosome 5;
  • Ip36 Deletion Syndrome a partial monosomy caused by a deletion at the end of the short p arm of chromosome 1.
  • trisomy refers to the presence of three, instead of the normal two, chromosomes of a particular numbered type in an organism.
  • trisomy 21 the presence of an extra chromosome 21 is called trisomy 21.
  • a partial trisomy occurs when part of an extra chromosome is attached to one of the other chromosomes, or if one of the chromosomes has two copies of part of its chromosome.
  • a mosaic trisomy is a condition where extra chromosomal material exists in only some of the organism's cells.
  • Trisomy 21 Down syndrome
  • Trisomy 18 Edwards syndrome
  • Trisomy 13 Patau syndrome
  • Trisomy 16 which is the most common trisomy in humans, occurring in more than 1% of pregnancies, although it usually results in spontaneous miscarriage in the first trimester.
  • Trisomy involving sex chromosomes include: XXX (Triple X syndrome); XXY (Klinefelter's syndrome); and XYY (XYY syndrome).
  • the genetic composition includes allele or gene abnormalities, e.g., one or more mutations such as point mutations, insertions, deletions in one or more genes.
  • the genetic composition includes, without any limitation, one or more polymorphism patterns or genetic markers, e.g., short tandem repeat sequences (STRs), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), etc.
  • STRs short tandem repeat sequences
  • SNPs single nucleotide polymorphisms
  • the genetic composition is indicative of a disease or disorder.
  • diseases or disorders include, but are not limited to, Cystic Fibrosis, Sickle-Cell Anemia, Phenylketonuria, Tay-Scahs Disease, Adrenal Hyperplasia, Fanconi Anemia, Spinal Muscularatrophy, Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy, Huntington's Disease, Beta Thalassaemia, Myotonic Dystrophy, Fragile-X Syndrome, Down Syndrome, Edwards Syndrome, Patau Syndrome, Klinefelter's Syndrome, Triple X syndrome, XYY syndrome, Trisomy 8, Trisomy 16, Turner Syndrome, Robertsonian translocation, Angelman syndrome, DiGeorge Syndrome, Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome, RhD Syndrome, Tuberous Sclerosis, Ataxia Telangieltasia, and Prader-Willi syndrome.
  • the genetic composition includes any genetic condition or abnormality that is not uniquely associated with a Y chromosome.
  • the genetic composition includes any genetic condition corresponding to or associated with paternity of the fetus.
  • the genetic tests of the present invention may use the isolated nucleic acid sample of the invention either directly or as templates for "amplification-based” genetic composition testing assays.
  • these assays are well known in the art and include, without any limitation, polymerase chain reaction (“PCR”), real-time polymerase chain reaction (“RT-PCR”), ligase chain reaction (“LCR”), self-sustained sequence replication (“3SR”) also known as nucleic acid sequence based amplification (“NASBA”), Q-B-Replicase amplification, rolling circle amplification (“RCA”), transcription mediated amplification (“TMA”), linker-aided DNA amplification (“LADA”), multiple displacement amplification (“MDA”), and invader and strand displacement amplification (“SDA”).
  • PCR polymerase chain reaction
  • RT-PCR real-time polymerase chain reaction
  • LCR ligase chain reaction
  • 3SR self-sustained sequence replication
  • NASBA nucleic acid sequence based amplification
  • RCA rolling
  • composition containing a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 70 %, at least 80%, or at least 90% identical to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 , and an adjuvant.
  • the peptide comprises an amino acid sequence that is 100% identical to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • Suitable adjuvants include, but are not limited to, Freund's complete adjuvant, Freund's incomplete adjuvant, substitutes for Freund's complete adjuvant, Alum, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, L-tyrosine, manide-oleate, saponin/cholesterol micelles, or nitrocellulose (i.e., nitrocellulose to which peptide antigen is absorbed).
  • the present invention provides a method of making an antibody that specifically binds to a fetal nucleosome epitope.
  • the method comprises immunizing an animal with a composition containing a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and an adjuvant.
  • the animal can be, for example, a mammal (e.g., a mouse, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, goat, horse, etc.).
  • the method comprises obtaining cells (e.g., spleen cells) from an immunized animal, generating monoclonal antibodies, and screening such monoclonal antibodies for fetal nucleosome-specif ⁇ c binding.
  • the method comprises obtaining polyclonal anti-serum from an immunized animal and, optionally, purifying fetal nucleosome- specif ⁇ c antibodies from the polyclonal anti-serum.
  • a cervical mucus sample is obtained by swabbing or lavage from a pregnant woman early in the second trimester (or late in the first trimester) of pregnancy.
  • the cervical mucus sample on the collection device is placed in a tube containing an aqueous buffer, stored at about 4°C, and transported to a processing laboratory while maintaining the sample temperature at about 4°C.
  • the maintenance of a 4°C environment may be achieved using a suitable ice pack or the like.
  • the sample Upon arrival at the processing laboratory, the sample is checked in and forwarded to a laboratory technician for processing. The sample is allowed to warm to room temperature for subsequent processing. Next, the sample may be placed on a rocker in a 37°C incubator for approximately 15 to 30 minutes to release DNA trapped in mucus.
  • Mucus may be further dissolved with a mucinase for the purpose of releasing DNA, and the sample may also be subjected to conditions, such as chemical treatment and the like, as well known in this art, to induce apoptosis to release fetal nucleosomes.
  • the collection device is removed and the aqueous buffer is filtered with, for example, a 0.22 gm filter, to remove contaminants including maternal cells and sperm cells.
  • the liquid from the sample may be centrifuged to pellet in order to separate free DNA from the high molecular weight mucus and cells.
  • DNAse I is optionally added to the sample in aqueous buffer to remove unprotected high molecular weight DNA.
  • the cleaned, concentrated sample is then run through a micro flow device of the type disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 11/038,920, having a collection region with a multitude of randomly positioned posts which is prepared by attaching histone-specific antibodies within its post-containing collection region.
  • the antibodies may be designed to couple with the decapeptide having the amino acid residue sequence: Ser-Ala-Val-Met-Ala-Leu- Gln-Glu-Ala-Cys.
  • the treated mucus sample travels slowly through the micro flow device, drawn by a vacuum pump.
  • the antibodies couple to and sequester chromatin in the sample containing fetal histone 3.1. by coupling to the exposed unique sequence.
  • the microfiow device is then washed with buffers, and washing is repeated 2-3 times to remove any nonspecifically bound biologic material that may have been present in the cervical mucus.
  • Antibodies which are designed to couple with a post-translational modification, such as glycosylation, phosphorylation, and/or methylation on fetal nucleic acid can also be used.
  • two sets of antibodies are used that are designed to couple with a specific histone conformation and with a post-translational modification as described above.
  • the biological material sequestered by the antibodies is released from the microflow device and subjected to purification to remove salts that might be present.
  • the DNA is then extracted from the sample using a commercial DNA extraction kit, such as those available from Roche.
  • the DNA is then concentrated to an appropriate volume, i.e. 20-50 ⁇ l, and analysis is carried out to detect chromosome Y-specific sequences using Realtime PCR or fluorescence- based PCR.
  • the results of the analysis show positive detection of male Y-sequences in the DNA, which is evidence of fetal DNA being present in the biological material that is sequestered by the antibodies.
  • the absence, to any significant extent, of maternal DNA in the sequestered DNA material is shown using quantitative Realtime PCR of two loci. For example, showing that Y-levels are equal to at least one-half the level of a second ubiquitous sequence (e.g., ⁇ -globin) is evidence that most or nearly all of DNA is of fetal origin.
  • a determination of the relative proportion of H3.1 to H3.3 in the DNA may be used to show that the relative proportions which exist are such as would be present in nucleosomes of fetal origin, which would confirm the fetal origin of the DNA.
  • the isolated fetal DNA may be subjected to molecular DNA sequencing or polymorphic DNA sequence analysis. Such analysis may utilize Realtime PCR to quantify DNA levels that are associated with specific DNA sequences to screen for aneuploidies or may use PCR to amplify the DNA and then incubate it with mutation microarrays or gene-specific microarrays.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne des procédés, des anticorps et des kits utiles pour détecter la présence d'une cellule fœtale et/ou d'acides nucléiques fœtaux dans un échantillon biologique obtenu auprès d'un hôte maternel. Elle concerne également des procédés et des kits pour isoler de l'acide nucléique fœtal à partie d'échantillons de glaire cervicale maternelle, et pour tester ou cribler l'acide nucléique fœtal isolé afin de détecter anomalies génétiques chez les fœtus.
EP08831741A 2007-09-21 2008-09-22 Identification et isolement de cellules et d'acide nucléique f taux Withdrawn EP2207879A4 (fr)

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US97439207P 2007-09-21 2007-09-21
PCT/US2008/077251 WO2009039507A2 (fr) 2007-09-21 2008-09-22 Identification et isolement de cellules et d'acide nucléique fœtaux

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JP (1) JP2010539906A (fr)
KR (1) KR20100061539A (fr)
CN (1) CN101883851A (fr)
AU (1) AU2008302040A1 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0817199A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2699958A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL204585A0 (fr)
MX (1) MX2010003116A (fr)
NZ (1) NZ584165A (fr)
WO (1) WO2009039507A2 (fr)
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US8962247B2 (en) 2008-09-16 2015-02-24 Sequenom, Inc. Processes and compositions for methylation-based enrichment of fetal nucleic acid from a maternal sample useful for non invasive prenatal diagnoses
US8476013B2 (en) 2008-09-16 2013-07-02 Sequenom, Inc. Processes and compositions for methylation-based acid enrichment of fetal nucleic acid from a maternal sample useful for non-invasive prenatal diagnoses
US20120100538A1 (en) 2009-03-24 2012-04-26 Biocept, Inc. Devices and methods of cell capture and analysis
WO2010111388A2 (fr) 2009-03-24 2010-09-30 Biocept, Inc. Dispositifs et procédés de capture et d'analyse de cellules
ES2577017T3 (es) 2009-12-22 2016-07-12 Sequenom, Inc. Procedimientos y kits para identificar la aneuploidia
ES2930180T3 (es) 2012-03-02 2022-12-07 Sequenom Inc Métodos para enriquecer ácido nucleico canceroso a partir de una muestra biológica
US9920361B2 (en) 2012-05-21 2018-03-20 Sequenom, Inc. Methods and compositions for analyzing nucleic acid
EP4008270A1 (fr) 2012-06-22 2022-06-08 Preprogen LLC Procédé d'obtention de cellules foetales et composants cellulaires foetaux
WO2014011928A1 (fr) 2012-07-13 2014-01-16 Sequenom, Inc. Procédés et compositions pour l'enrichissement basé sur la méthylation d'un échantillon maternel en acide nucléique fœtal, utiles pour les diagnostics prénatals non invasifs
WO2014168711A1 (fr) 2013-03-13 2014-10-16 Sequenom, Inc. Amorces pour analyse de la méthylation de l'adn
EP3736344A1 (fr) 2014-03-13 2020-11-11 Sequenom, Inc. Méthodes et procédés d'évaluation non invasive de variations génétiques
WO2018181274A1 (fr) * 2017-03-27 2018-10-04 積水メディカル株式会社 Procédé de concentration et de collecte d'acide nucléique cible à l'aide d'anticorps

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AU2003216291A1 (en) * 2002-02-20 2003-09-09 Chroma Therapeutics Ltd. A non-invasive diagnostic test utilizing histone modification markers
GB0211904D0 (en) * 2002-05-23 2002-07-03 Medical Res Council Nuclear transfer
US20040197832A1 (en) * 2003-04-03 2004-10-07 Mor Research Applications Ltd. Non-invasive prenatal genetic diagnosis using transcervical cells
US20050181429A1 (en) * 2003-04-03 2005-08-18 Monaliza Medical Ltd. Non-invasive prenatal genetic diagnosis using transcervical cells

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IL204585A0 (en) 2010-11-30
AU2008302040A1 (en) 2009-03-26
ZA201001912B (en) 2011-05-25
CN101883851A (zh) 2010-11-10
MX2010003116A (es) 2010-08-03
NZ584165A (en) 2012-09-28
JP2010539906A (ja) 2010-12-24
BRPI0817199A2 (pt) 2014-10-14
WO2009039507A3 (fr) 2009-06-18
WO2009039507A2 (fr) 2009-03-26
EP2207879A4 (fr) 2011-01-26
CA2699958A1 (fr) 2009-03-26
KR20100061539A (ko) 2010-06-07

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