EP2195629A1

EP2195629A1 - Method and apparatus for determining at least one parameter as a material web passes through a gap formed between two rotatable surfaces, and use

Info

Publication number: EP2195629A1
Application number: EP08760851A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Rudolf Münch; Helena Johansson; Oliver Kaufmann; Thomas Ischdonat; Jens Haag; Susanne Moses
Original assignee: Voith Patent GmbH
Current assignee: Voith Patent GmbH
Priority date: 2007-09-28
Filing date: 2008-06-11
Publication date: 2010-06-16
Also published as: DE102007000794A1; WO2009043612A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for determining at least one parameter as a material web (3) passes through a gap (5) formed between two rotatable surfaces (11, 12), wherein at least one sensor (4) in at least one of the surfaces (11, 12) provides and evaluates a sequence of measured values (X1, Xn, X14.1, Xn4.1). The solution according to the invention is characterized in that the sequence of measured values (X1, Xn, X14.1, Xn4.1) from the at least one sensor (4) is used to determine a gap width (b), and a force (F) which acts in the gap (5) is determined, in the form of an absolute value, from the gap width (b) and from characteristic variables, in particular elasticity values (E1, E2, E3), which at least indirectly characterize the elasticity of the surfaces (1, 2) and/or of the material web (3), or an elasticity value (E1, E2 or E3) of either at least one of the surfaces (11, 12) or the material web (3) is determined from the gap width (b) and from a force (F) acting in the gap (5).

Description

Method and device for determining at least one parameter during the passage of a material web through one between two rotatable

Surface formed gap and use

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for determining at least one parameter during the passage of a material web through a gap formed between two rotatable surfaces, wherein a sequence of measured values is provided and evaluated by at least one sensor in at least one of the surfaces. The invention further relates to the use of the method according to the invention for determining properties, in particular the compressibility of material webs and / or the winding hardness of web rolls in a device for winding a material web.

The document EP 0 538 221 B1 describes a system which is designed to determine a measure of a gap formed in a functional arrangement of two rolls on a material web located in this splitting force. In this case, the measurement can be carried out only during a standstill of the rollers, which makes a shutdown of the corresponding device required. It is determined thereby a splitting force over the gap width, over which the material web between the two rollers is clamped in the gap. The result is a pressure curve, which recorded over a distance shows a continuous increase up to a maximum value and then a continuous drop. Furthermore, document WO 2005/114124 A1 discloses the use of an external sensor arrangement which is arranged between two rollers or rollers of a force gap. The sensor arrangement supplies data acquired therefrom to a control or evaluation device which can represent the gap width. The corresponding measuring method is a static, system-interrupting method, which is therefore not suitable for non-interrupting measurement.

And the document EP 1 151 261 B1 describes the use of sensors, which are also guided through a press or force gap to determine a gap width. In this case, electrical resistances of the sensors, which are designed as force-sensitive resistance sensors, are detected. This process is also a process interrupting the operation.

Another method for the operation of a functional arrangement in the form of a press arrangement interrupting process for detecting the effective gap width between two rotatable surfaces is previously known from the document EP 0 832 423 B1.

The document DE 199 20 133 A1 describes a method for measuring the line force in a gap, which is formed by two rotating surfaces. The nip is designed as a press nip between two rolls or as a winding nip between a support roller and a web roll. The measurement is carried out by means of at least one piezoelectric quartz sensor for detecting the splitting force in a gap under dynamic conditions. Disadvantageously, however, only a force or pressure value is output from the quartz sensor. This force value allows only limited conclusions about the actual conditions in the gap and on the interactions of the materials that are actively bonded to each other in the gap, that is to say the interactions of the material web and the surfaces of the two rollers delimiting the gap. Document EP 1 653 207 A2 shows an arrangement of sensors which can be used to measure a gap width in the direction parallel to the axis of the roll or to the gap. The sensors are thereby arranged hot within a shell of the corresponding roller. However, this is disadvantageous, since wear of the surface causes different influences and deteriorations as well as a different hardening of the surface area of the roller, which in turn has different influences on the individual sensors.

It is thus generally known to place sensors in or under roller surfaces in order to acquire information or values of parameters during the rotation of the roller. In this case, operations are interesting, which act on the roller during the circulation, such as the action of a counter-roller which forms a gap with the roller, for example forms a press nip, or as for example the effect of a pressed-paper roll, which with the roller a gap forming. A force and / or a pressure are determined. Usually, the signals of the sensors integrated in the surfaces of the roller or roller are evaluated in such a way that the amplitude of these signals is determined in order to determine therefrom the intensity or strength of the measured variable that characterizes the effects on the roller. In the case of a plurality of sensors which are transverse to the machine direction, i. However, it is difficult to ensure that the individual sensors are all calibrated equal to the direction of passage of the web and preferably axially parallel to the roll axis and / or in the circumferential direction over the roll surface. If, for example, individual sensors drift, the measured profile data in the axis-parallel direction or in the circumferential direction can no longer be meaningful or can only be of limited significance.

The object of the invention is a method and a device for determining at least one parameter during the passage of a

Material web through a gap formed between two rotatable surfaces, ie to propose gap passage of a material web, which improved - A -

Enable evaluation, in particular, a drift or inaccuracy of individual sensors of a variety of sensors should no longer play a major role.

This object is achieved by a method for determining a parameter in the passage of a material web having the features according to claim 1 or by a device for determining a parameter in the gap passage of a material web having the features according to claim 4. Advantageous embodiments are given in the subclaims.

Accordingly, a method for determining at least one parameter during the passage of a material web through a gap formed between two rotatable surfaces, wherein a sequence of measured values is provided and evaluated by at least one sensor in at least one of the surfaces, is used, characterized in that a gap width is determined by means of the sequence of the measured values of the at least one sensor, and a force acting in the gap is determined as the absolute value from the gap width and a characteristic variable which at least indirectly characterizes the elasticity of the surfaces and / or the material web, in particular the elasticity value the gap width and a force acting in the gap, an elasticity value is determined either at least one of the surfaces or the material web.

The method according to the invention thus not only starts from the detection of a variable, in particular force or pressure, but on the basis of the temporal sequence of the detection of the measured values makes it possible to determine the width of the gap and thus the effective length in the machine direction. On the basis of the gap width, further parameters of the functional arrangement of the two rotatable surfaces and / or the material web can be determined in a simple manner. Due to the chronological sequence of the acquisition of the measured values, inaccuracies in the setting of the sensors can be compensated. In this case, the gap width is preferably determined from a progression of the sequence of measured values of the at least one sensor and a known rotational movement, in particular rotational angle, rotational angular velocity or a distance traveled through the gap. The at least one sensor can detect a force acting on the sensor in the gap or a pressure acting thereon as the measured value. The time course over the movement of the rotatable surface allows the determination of the gap width.

The detection can be done touchingly by means of contact sensors or according to a particularly advantageous embodiment without contact.

According to a particularly advantageous further development, a transverse profile over the extent transverse to the machine direction is created for the magnitude of the force acting in the gap as the absolute value or an elasticity value of at least one of the surfaces and / or the material web for the magnitude formed by the measured values and the gap width set the transverse profile descriptive variables as input variables for controls and / or regulations of the rotatable surfaces having functional arrangements. As a result, the required operating parameters can be set in an optimum manner in an active manner and in a timely manner over the extent transverse to the machine direction, zone by zone.

According to the device, a device for determining a parameter during the nip passage of a material web by a gap between two rollers is preferred, wherein at least a first of the rollers has at least one sensor for detecting a measured value when the sensor passes through the nip and a control device for evaluating a Sequence of measured values of the sensor is designed or programmed and wherein the control device is designed and / or controlled and / or programmed to determine a slit width of a signal curve formed by the sequence of the measured values according to a first variant from the sequence of measured values of the at least one sensor and from the gap width and elasticity values of the rolls and / or the material web to determine a splitting force as an absolute value. According to a second variant, the control device is designed to determine an elasticity value of either the rollers or the material web from the gap width and a force acting in the gap.

The surfaces may be formed by rollers comprising a rigid or flexible roll shell. From these formed functional arrangements are part of press sections and / or calenders. Furthermore, the solution according to the invention can also be used for the determination of parameters in winding nips in devices for winding and / or unwinding material web rolls. In this case, the surfaces are formed by a roller and a web roll.

The method according to the invention is preferably used in methods for controlling and / or regulating at least one variable that characterizes the mode of operation of a machine for producing a material web, in particular a fibrous web. Particularly advantageous is the use in methods for controlling and / or regulating at least one, the operation of a press arrangement in a machine for producing a material web, in particular fibrous web characterizing size or in a calender, for example, to control the force in the press nip.

By means of the method according to the invention, it is also possible to detect the properties, in particular elasticity values / compressibility values of at least one of the elements which are operatively connected to one another in a gap. These can be used, for example, to detect damage to press felts or conveyor belts and to allow a conclusion on the winding hardness when used in winding machines.

The evaluation of cross profiles offers the possibility of specific measures for localized influencing of the operating parameters and / or intrinsic to cause the elements in the gap in operative connection with each other.

An embodiment will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing.

Show it:

Figure 1 shows schematically a side view of two rollers, through whose

Gap is a material web is guided, and a control device for evaluating parameters, which by sensors in the roll surface of at least one of

Rollers are provided;

FIGS. 2 a and 2 b by way of example signal flow diagrams of methods according to the invention; FIG. 3 shows a signal flow diagram for a method for determining

Properties of the elements in a gap with each other in Wirkverbin- passing elements using the example of the winding hardness of a

Winding roller;

FIG. 4 shows the integration of a method according to the invention into a

Control and / or regulation on the example of the change in the line force over the length of the press nip; and FIG. 5 shows a use of the method for detecting the state of a press felt.

FIG. 1 shows, in a schematically simplified representation, a functional arrangement 10 comprising two rotatable surfaces 11 and 12, which form a gap 5, in particular a press nip, such as these in a machine for producing a material web 3, in particular a fibrous web or a machine for the aftertreatment of a roll Such material web 3 can be used.

FIG. 1 illustrates a particularly advantageous application of a method according to the invention using the example of a press arrangement 9. The rotatable surfaces 11 and 12 are provided therein by a first and a second roller 1, 2 formed, wherein the material web 3 is guided by the gap 5 formed between them, preferably with a felt belt 8. The material web 3 may be a fibrous web, in particular a paper web. Depending on the arrangement in a press section of a machine for producing material webs, the individual rolls 1, 2 can be designed and constructed differently. In this case, a distinction is essentially made between designs of the individual rolls 1, 2 with a rigid surface or flexible surface or rigid roll shell or flexible roll shell, wherein in the latter case the roll shell is formed, for example, by an endless circulating band. The single roll shell can also comprise a rigid base body provided with a coating, the coating forming the rotatable surface 11, 12. The rollers 1, 2 used to form the nip 5 can also be designed, depending on the function in the press section, as a pure press roller, deflection compensating roller, suction roller, central roller.

In an exemplary embodiment, the shell of the first roll 1 consists of a cylindrical base body, for example steel and an elastic, the surface 11 forming surface area 1.1, which is arranged on the base body of the roll 1 independent elastic layer or as a separate elastic shell of certain thickness can be trained. The jacket of the second roll 2 is made of steel, for example. The trained by this surface 12 is rigid. The surfaces 11, 12 forming surface regions 1.1, 2.1 of the two rollers 1, 2 are each characterized by an elasticity value E1 and E2. The surface areas are characterized for example by a layer thickness or wall thickness. In the usual way, the material web 3 also consists of a material which can be characterized by a material web elasticity value E3.

In the surface 11, preferably the first roller 1, but possibly also in the surface 12 of the second roller or the surfaces 11, 12 of both rollers 1, 2, one or more sensors 4 are used. In the sensors 4 these are preferably pressures p or forces F sensors. In principle, however, other physical parameter-detecting sensors can also be used for the preferred method, for example sensors which detect a capacitive change, which detect a changing electrical resistance value or which detect an optical difference in the form of a passing pattern or a brightness difference.

The at least one sensor 4 is thus able to detect a signal or a sequence of discrete values changing over time in order to output values of a corresponding parameter to a device 6 further processing this parameter, preferably in the form of a control device 7. The parameter-processing device 6 may also be understood to mean only a memory device or an analysis device which stores and / or processes and / or processes received parameters of parameters as data.

In the illustrated embodiment, the control device 7 is at least one parameter supplied as an input quantity X, for example in the form of a force acting on the at least one sensor 4 F. The detection takes place in sequence, i. input values X1 to Xn are successively detected. In addition, the control device 6 receives a time value associated with the parameter or the force F or a distance s correspondingly traveled. Optionally, such a time value or a corresponding distance traveled s can also be determined by the control device 7 itself, for example, control data for a drive for driving the roller 1 or using independent sensors, which, for example, a rotation path of a surface portion of the first shaft 1, the second Wave 2 or a feed path of the material web 3 detected.

The control device 7 is designed and / or programmed by means of the parameters and predetermined further variables in the form of the elasticity values E1 - E3 to determine an unknown parameter. Like this with a diagram is sketched, is determined by the control device 7 during the nip passage of the sensor 4 through the gap 5 between the first and the second roller 2, a gap width b. In order to determine the gap width b, in the exemplary embodiment the force F, which acts on the sensor 4 at any given time, is mapped over time or over the distance s traveled by the sensor 4. During the passage through the gap, a curve develops, in particular with a rising flank, a crest area and / or plateau area and a descending flank.

To determine the gap width b, an average amplitude value or an average splitting force h is determined by way of example, and the width between the two flanks is determined at the level of the mean splitting force h between the flanks.

The gap width b is a function of the magnitude of the nip force acting on the sensor 4 as a force in the nip passage, and the elasticity values E1, E2 of the rolls 1 and 2, respectively, and the material web elasticity value E3. In other words, the gap width b is a function of the splitting force and the elasticity of the various media in the gap 5. Such a method is reproduced by way of example with reference to a signal flow diagram in FIG. 2a.

In the first instance, a time sequence of values of a parameter during the gap passage is thus detected by the sensor 4, in order to evaluate the gap width b therefrom by means of the control device 7. With the help of the gap width b is then closed on the splitting effect. This makes it possible not only to use pressure sensors or pressure-sensitive sensors in a manner known per se, but optionally alternatively or additionally also to use acceleration sensors, optical sensors, electromagnetic sensors or sensors for detecting even further parameters.

Due to the described relationship of the splitting force, the gap width b and the elasticity values can thus be at known gap width b and each to be concluded on one of the other parameters known parameters on the remaining parameters. If, for example, the splitting force F and the properties of the rolls 1, 2 or their elasticity values E1 and E2 are known, a conclusion can be drawn from the gap width b on the compressibility of the material web 3 or on the material web elasticity value E3 in the gap 5 reproduced in the figure 2b. The gap width b is determined analogously and due to the functional relationships of the respectively required elasticity value E, for example in the form of an modulus of elasticity, a variable characterizing the compressibility can be derived.

If the first roller 1 is designed as a carrier roller and the second roller 2 is formed by a winding roller, at least one individual sensor 4 is integrated in the carrier roller. In gap 5 formed between the carrier roll and the winding roll, a force or a pressure is then detected, for example. From these quantities, the width b of the gap 5, i. the extent to be determined in the direction of passage of the web. From this size in turn, a conclusion can be drawn on the hardness H of the winding roll representative of the above-considered elasticity value E of a second roll.

To support experimental determinations of parameters, simulations by means of finite element methods or calculations can be performed with approximate functions to determine as many of the above parameters, so preferably by means of the gap width b to only one unknown parameter or only one monitoring parameter needs to be closed. As an unknown parameter of particular interest is the material web elasticity value E3, which allows monitoring of the quality of the material web 3 when passing through the gap 5.

By using a plurality of sensors in the CD direction, that is, transversely to the direction of passage of the material web 3 through the gap 5, or in the direction parallel to the axis of the first roller 1 is preferably also a Determine the transverse profile of the gap width b over the extension I of the gap 5 transversely to the machine direction. By means of such an arrangement, it is possible, for example, to determine a transverse profile of the hardness of a paper roll used as a counter roll, for example in the form of a wound roll. Alternatively, a transverse profile of the compressibility of the material web 3 in the gap 5 or a transverse profile of the material web elasticity values E3 in the transverse direction of the material web 3 can be created accordingly. 2 by such sensors are placed 4.1 to 4.n, for example, over the length I of the individual roller 1 and / or, each sensor 4.1 to 4.n for determining the gap width b parameters XI _{4 1,} Xn ₄ - relate _\ hung example XI _{4 n} , Xn _{4 n} detected. The gap widths b4.1 to b4.n over the first recess of the gap 5 transversely to the machine direction describe a transverse profile of the gap width b. From this, the force F _a bs can be determined in each case for the individual measuring ranges determined by the sensors 4. 1 to 4. N, and thus a force profile over the extent transverse to the machine direction. In order to achieve optimum conditions in the press nip 5, the force F can be influenced in this. Depending on the desired result to be achieved, for example dewatering intensity, the force F in the gap 5 can be controlled and / or regulated over the extent of the gap 5 transversely to the machine direction by corresponding manipulated variables, for example YI ₄ 1, Yn ₄ 1 or YI _{4 n} , Yn _{4 n} are generated to control an adjusting device for zonal influencing the size of the force F. Such a method is reproduced by way of example in FIG. 4 on the basis of a signal flow diagram.

The measured values or the values and parameters resulting therefrom can thus generally also advantageously be used in control loops in order to increase the performance, for example, of a paper machine.

Furthermore, it is also possible, for example, to detect hard spots of a paper web roll during winding, which are produced at too great a thickness

Point paper web as the exemplary web 3. To wrap problems To avoid this, a regulation can ensure that the paper web is produced somewhat thinner at these points as a result.

The possibility of measuring the compressibility K8 of the medium in the gap 5 can also be used, for example according to FIG. 5, to generate automatic warnings A in the press of a paper machine and / or to initiate automatic actions. For example, the compressibility K8 of the press felt 8 decreases over time. With known usual decrease in compressibility over time, a residual life can be predicted. Advantageously, further measurements such as a measurement of the felt state can also be used for such an estimation. As a felt state, in particular its permeability and moisture can be used as measured values. If the compressibility K8 is too low, the felt must be replaced. Accordingly, for example, a signal A is output.

Another possibility, not shown here in detail, is to determine a transverse profile of the compressibility of a press felt 8, which allows a conclusion about the zone-wise adjustable pressing pressures. If very large differences are ascertained here over the extent transversely to the machine direction, an automatic change in the pressing pressures over the extent transverse to the machine direction can be initiated at an early stage in order to be able to claim the press felt more uniformly in the long term.

A further exemplary application of an effective width measurement consists in observing and if necessary correcting the wrap angle of rolls or automatically setting them to a specific value. This may be necessary because, for example, a paper web at the outlet tends to stick to the roller. As a result, the paper web is claimed as a material web 3 to train. To improve the runnability of the machine, such a tensile stress is kept within predefined limits. To make this possible, rollers 1, 2 can be changed in their position to each other, in particular be adjusted or made changes in moisture of the paper web.

While, for example, as a material web 3, a paper web is mentioned in the context of the above embodiments, other materials or a plurality of superimposed materials can be used as such a material web 3. In particular, fabric, for example felt, or else a sieve can be used instead of or in conjunction with the paper web described above.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 first roller

1.1 Surface area of the first roll

2 second roller

2.1 surface area of the second roller

3 material web, material web, in particular paper web

4, 4.1 to 4.n sensor

5 gap

6 Processing facility

7 control device

8 felt tape

9 press arrangement

10 functional arrangement

11 Rotatable surface

12 Rotatable surface

A signal, warning b, b4.1 to b4.n gap width

E1 Elasticity of the surface area of the first

roller

E2 elasticity value of the surface area of the second

roller

E3 web elasticity value

F acting force on the sensor

Fabs force (absolute value)

H Hardness h Mean splitting power

K8 compressibility

I length, extension

P prints

S Distance traveled by the sensor X input size

X1 to Xn input value

XI _4n , Xn _4n parameters

YI _4n , Yn _4n control value

Claims

Method and apparatus for determining at least one parameter when passing a web of material through a nip formed between two rotatable surfaces and use claims

Anspruch [en] A method for determining at least one parameter during the passage of a material web (3) through a gap (5) formed between two rotatable surfaces (11, 12), wherein at least one sensor (4, 4.1, 4.n) in at least one of Surfaces (11, 12) a sequence of

Measured values (X1, Xn, XI _{4 1} , Xn _{4 1} ) is provided and evaluated, characterized in that by means of the sequence of measured values (X1, Xn, XI ₄ 1, Xn ₄ 1) of the at least one sensor (4) has a gap width (b, b4.1, b4.n), and from the gap width (b, b4.1, b4.n) and one of the elasticity of at least one of

Surfaces (1, 2) and / or the material web (3) at least indirectly characterizing characteristics, in particular elasticity values (E1, E2, E3) in the gap (5) acting force (F) is determined as an absolute value or from the gap width (b, b4.1, b4.n) and a force (F) acting in the gap (5) have an elasticity value (E1, E2 or E3) either of at least one of

Surface (11, 12) or the material web (3) is determined.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the gap width (b, b4.1, b4.n) from a course of the sequence of

Measured values (X1, Xn, XI _{4 1} , Xn _{4 1} ) of the at least one sensor (4, 4.1, 4.n) and a rotary movement or a covered distance (s) through the gap (5) is determined.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one sensor (4, 4.1, 4.n) in the gap (5) on the sensor (4, 4.1, 4.n) acting force (F) as the measured value (X1, Xn, XI _{4 1} ,

Xn _{4 1} ).

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one sensor (4, 4.1, 4.n) in the gap (5) on the

Sensor (4, 4.1, 4.n) acting pressure (p) as the measured value (X1, Xn, XI _{4 1} , Xn _{4 1} ) detected.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the detection of the measured values (X1, Xn, XI ₄ 1, Xn ₄ 1) is carried out by means of touch sensors.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the detection of the measured values (X1, Xn, XI ₄ 1, Xn ₄ 1) without contact, in particular by means of optical sensors is performed.

A method according to any preceding claim, wherein a plurality of across the extent of the surfaces (11, 12) transverse to

Machine direction arranged sensors (4, 4.1, 4.2) for detecting measured values (X1, Xn, XI _{4 1} , Xn _{4 1} ) are provided, characterized in that for the from the measured values (X1, Xn, XI _{4 1} , Xn _{4 1} ) and the gap width (b, b4.1, b4.2) formed size for in the gap (5) acting

Force (F) as an absolute value or a value of elasticity (E1, E2 or E3) either at least one of the surfaces (11, 12) and / or the Material web (3) a cross profile over the extension is created transversely to the machine direction and set the cross-profile descriptive variables as input variables for controls and / or regulations of the rotatable surfaces (11, 12) having functional arrangements.

8. An apparatus for determining a parameter during the passage of a material web (3) through a gap (5) formed between two rotatable surfaces (11, 12), wherein at least one sensor (4, 4.1, 4.n) for detecting a measured value (X1, Xn,

XI _{4 1} , Xn _{4 1} ) during the passage of the sensor (4, 4.1, 4.n) through the gap (5) is provided and a control device (7) for evaluating a sequence of the sensor (4, 4.1, 4.n ) of measured values (X1, Xn, XI _{4 1} , Xn _{4 1} ), characterized in that the control device (7) is designed and / or controlled and / or programmed from the sequence of measured values (X1, Xn, XI _{4 1} , Xn _{4 1} ) of the at least one sensor (4, 4.1, 4.2) to determine a gap width (b) of a signal course formed by the sequence of the measured values and from the gap width (b) and elasticity values (E1, E2, E3) Rolls (1 or 2) and / or the material web (3) to determine a force (F _a bs) as absolute value or from the gap width (b) and in the gap (5) acting force (F) an elasticity value (E1, E2 or E3) to determine either surfaces (11, 12) or the material web (3).

9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the surfaces (11, 12) of rollers (1, 2) are formed, comprising a rigid or flexible roll shell.

10. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that in that the surfaces (11, 12) are formed by a roller (1) and a web roll.

11. Use of a method according to one of claims 1 to 7 for controlling and / or regulating at least one, the operation of a

Machine for producing a material web (3), in particular fibrous web characterizing size.

12. Use according to claim 11 for controlling and / or regulating at least one, the operation of a press arrangement in a machine for

Production of a material web (3), in particular fibrous web characterizing size.

13. Use according to claim 11 for controlling and / or regulating at least one, the operation of a calender characterizing size.

14. Use of a method according to one of claims 1 to 7 Determination of the properties, in particular of elasticity values (E1, E2, E3) / compressibility values (K8) of at least one of the elements which come into operative connection with one another in a gap (5).

15. Use according to claim 14 for determining the winding hardness (H) of web rolls, which are supported on a support roller (1) to form the gap (5).