EP2189956B1 - Détecteur d'incendie et procédé destiné à la reconnaissance d'impuretés - Google Patents

Détecteur d'incendie et procédé destiné à la reconnaissance d'impuretés Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2189956B1
EP2189956B1 EP08020315.1A EP08020315A EP2189956B1 EP 2189956 B1 EP2189956 B1 EP 2189956B1 EP 08020315 A EP08020315 A EP 08020315A EP 2189956 B1 EP2189956 B1 EP 2189956B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
housing
openings
fire
frequency
measured
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EP08020315.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2189956A1 (fr
Inventor
David Baum
Lacoste Thilo
Siegfried Roeske
Ansgar Vöhringer
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Hekatron Vertriebs GmbH
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Hekatron Vertriebs GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/12—Checking intermittently signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/14—Checking intermittently signalling or alarm systems checking the detection circuits
    • G08B29/145—Checking intermittently signalling or alarm systems checking the detection circuits of fire detection circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fire detector, with a sensor that detects smoke that penetrates into a detection range of the detector, the detector has a device with which can be determined whether the ingress of smoke, other aerosols or gas in the detection area is disturbed.
  • the invention relates to a method by which disturbances of the penetration of smoke, other aerosols or gas can be detected in the Er chargedsberelch the detector.
  • the measuring light transmitter is aligned with an optical sump.
  • the optical sump is set in mechanical vibration during a smoke measurement with a frequency in the inaudible frequency range.
  • the light transmitted by the transmitter is partially reflected at the sump on a measuring receiver and generates there an alternating signal, while light that is scattered on existing (background) aerosols on the receiver, generates a DC signal.
  • no new background aerosol can penetrate into the detection area, while the existing aerosol settles. Therefore, when the aerosol-related background signal disappears, soiling of the smoke inlets is inferred.
  • a smoke detector is described, which is installed in the exhaust duct of an aircraft tollet.
  • at least two pressure sensors are used here.
  • One of the pressure sensors is located in the detector, another behind the ventilation grille of the toilet and possibly a third person in the toilet room. If z. As the detector covered, so creates a pressure difference between the pressure sensor in the detector and the sensors outside the detector. This pressure difference is detected and evaluated for the detection of a cover.
  • the EP 0 503 167 A1 and the JP 222 78 00 describe scattered light smoke detectors with a detection area in a measuring chamber, which is protected by a grid from the entry of insects. Outside the grating a test light source is mounted, which shines through the grating and whose light can be detected inside the detector at a receiver. If the grid becomes dirty, the smoke entering the detection area is disturbed and less light can pass through the grid. The resulting reduced reception of the test light inside the detector is interpreted as an indication of contamination of the insect screen.
  • a scattered light smoke detector is described with a detection area in a measuring chamber, which is surrounded by an impurity filter.
  • a light guide is laid annularly, which collects light that passes through the pollution filter and passes to a receiver. The strength of the light passing through the contaminant filter is evaluated as a measure of contamination of the contaminant filter.
  • the detector has an ultrasonic sensor that monitors the area around the scattering point (detection area).
  • the ultrasonic sensor is used to examine the area around the detector for foreign bodies, which impair the flow conditions for fire detection, thus impairing the entry of smoke into the detection area of the detector.
  • a smoke detector with a detection area in a measuring chamber and a method has become known with which the blockage of an insect protection net with openings that allow the entry of smoke into the detection area of the detector can be detected.
  • the resonance frequency of a sound body which is located in the interior of the detector, tuned to the resonant frequency of the measuring chamber with unpolluted insect grid.
  • the resonance frequency of the measuring chamber results from the volume of the measuring chamber and the area and depth of the openings by means of the Helmholtz equations.
  • a blockage of the insect net is to show that the resonant frequency of the measuring chamber relative to the resonance frequency of the sound body shifts and the vibration of the sound body stops.
  • the DE 10 2006 023 048 A1 a smoke alarm device with a sensor that optically and / or acoustically scans at least one of the openings in the housing of the detector.
  • a sensor that optically and / or acoustically scans at least one of the openings in the housing of the detector.
  • the distance sensor is mounted inside the housing and directed towards the housing opening of the smoke detector. If the monitored opening is open, the distance z. B. measured to the next wall, while in a cover of the opening, only the distance is measured to the cover. A cover of the opening can thus be detected.
  • the invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a smoke detector and a method of the type mentioned above, with which even with a mounted directly to the housing openings protection against dirt or insects impairment of the penetration of smoke, other aerosols or gas in the detection area can be recognized, or provide alternatives to the known prior art.
  • the invention is based on the following findings: All components of a smoke detector such. As the housing, the openings, insect protection, circuit board and measuring chamber have different acoustic impedances.
  • the acoustic impedances of individual components depend on their material properties and their geometry.
  • the invention relates to a method for detecting disturbances of penetration of fire characteristics such as smoke in a detection range of a fire detector with a housing.
  • the housing has openings for the occurrence of the fire characteristics in the detection area, which in the interior of the housing z. B. is within a scattered light measuring chamber.
  • dirt or covers of the housing openings and / or insect protection are recognized by, on the one hand, a characteristic acoustic field is generated within the smoke detector by exciting a sound transducer.
  • the characteristic acoustic field is created by superposition of sound waves that are emitted directly from the transducer and sound waves that are at least partially reflected at acoustic interfaces inside and outside of the detector.
  • At least one physical variable of the acoustic field such as amplitude and / or phase, is measured at at least one location within the acoustic field and the measured value (s) is compared with at least one reference. If in this case the at least one measured value deviates from the reference by a predeterminable amount, contamination or covering of the smoke intrusion openings or of the insect protection is ascertained.
  • fire characteristics especially aerosols such.
  • smoke and gases that arise during combustion meant.
  • all other measurable phenomena which occur in the event of a fire penetrate into the housing of a detector and can be measured in its detection range are also considered fire characteristics.
  • fire characteristics means which simulate the aforementioned fire characteristics to z. B. to test a fire alarm.
  • a detection area is an area with which a fire parameter must come into contact or a room area in which a fire parameter must penetrate, so that it can be detected by the corresponding sensor system.
  • the detection area is the space in which the light beam of a measuring light transmitter and the field of view of a scattered light receiver overlap.
  • the insect screen in turn is a grid or tissue, which is permeable to the measured fire characteristic, but disturbances such. B. insects and coarse particles from the detection area keeps away.
  • the sound transducer is excited with at least one discrete frequency.
  • the frequency, the location of the transducer and the locations of one or more microphones are mutually matched.
  • the tuning can be experimental or based on a simulation of the characteristic sound field and its interference by contamination or coverage of the fire alarm, z. B. by means of a finite element simulation done. For reasons of symmetry, it may make sense that the transducer is placed in the middle of the housing.
  • a temperature dependence of the characteristic sound field can, for. B. be compensated with a frequency selected in dependence on the temperature, resulting in a reliable detection of contamination over a wide temperature range.
  • the sound transducer is excited with a plurality of different discrete frequencies, wherein for the measured values of the sound field for each frequency a comparison is made with a respective reference belonging to this frequency.
  • the additional frequencies may cause soiling or debris in areas of the housing that are at a single frequency, e.g. B. due to Schallabschattungen, less well recognized, have been detected better.
  • the different measurement frequencies can be selected depending on the temperature.
  • a variant of the method according to the invention is that the sound transducer with a frequency sweep (frequency sweep) is excited in a defined frequency interval with a sequence of frequencies and a resulting spectrum is measured at least one location in the acoustic field.
  • Deviations of the measured spectrum to a reference spectrum can, for. B. by means of a rule-based analysis and / or pattern recognition z.
  • B. by means of a fuzzy log or neural networks and / or cross-correlation of both spectra are detected. Since a measured spectrum has a characteristic pattern for each measuring location, which shifts substantially unchanged along the frequencies in the case of temperature changes, a further temperature compensation can be dispensed with here, especially if the changes in the pattern are evaluated.
  • this variant of the method, as well as the variant with a plurality of discrete frequencies allows conclusions to be drawn about the location or the respective housing opening at which there is a cover or contamination.
  • the invention also relates to a method for detecting disturbances of the penetration of fire characteristics into a detection area of a fire detector with a housing having openings for the occurrence of the fire characteristics in the detection area, the method detects soiling or covering the housing openings and / or insect protection in which it is not the effects of changes in impedance on a characteristic sound field that are measured, but the acoustic impedances themselves. Accordingly, the acoustic impedances of the complete fire detector and / or the housing openings and / or the insect protection are measured in this method. A contamination or a cover is detected when one or more of the measured acoustic impedances deviates from a reference corresponding to the respective impedance by a predeterminable amount.
  • a compensation of temperature dependencies of the measurements can be made by references selected as a function of the temperature from a table.
  • this table is completed during the operation of the detector.
  • All recorded measured values are stored in the table at the currently prevailing temperature as the reference value. Amplitudes or phases are assigned to their respective frequencies.
  • a new contamination measurement is carried out. If a plausibility check of these values shows that the detector is still not soiled or uncovered, these values are entered as reference values in the table for the respective temperature.
  • temperatures are reached that already have reference values in the table, then the values already entered are used as references for the contamination detection.
  • the values already entered are used as references for the contamination detection.
  • the rows of the table are assigned different temperatures, while the columns are assigned different frequencies.
  • a fire detector according to the invention comprises a detection area for fire parameters in a housing which has openings for penetration of the fire characteristics and means for detecting soiling or covering of the housing openings and / or an insect screen.
  • the means for detecting contaminants or covers of the housing openings and / or the insect screen comprise a sounder that generates a characteristic acoustic field preferably in a non-audible frequency range in the housing of the fire detector, at least one microphone at least one suitably chosen location, the changes in amplitude and / or the phase of the characteristic acoustic field detected at each location and a Control and evaluation unit, which closes on exceeding the changes of amplitude and / or phase by a predeterminable amount to a contamination or cover.
  • the changes in amplitude and / or the phase of the acoustic field at the location of the measurement are caused by a changed reflection behavior, ie by changes in the acoustic impedance of the housing openings and / or insect protection.
  • the means for detecting contaminants or covers of the housing openings and / or insect protection of a fire detector according to the invention comprise a unit for measuring the acoustic impedances of the complete fire detector and / or the housing openings and / or the insect protection.
  • the control and evaluation unit of this fire detector according to the invention detects a contamination or a cover when one or more of the measured acoustic impedances deviates from a corresponding reference by a predeterminable amount.
  • the acoustic impedance of the complete fire detector is determined based on at least one of the resonant frequencies of the sounder.
  • the means for detecting contaminants or covers of the housing openings and / or insect protection comprise a unit for measuring at least one resonance frequency of a sounder and a control and evaluation unit, which compares the measured resonance frequencies with a corresponding reference frequency and at Exceeding recognized deviations from a respective reference frequency by a predeterminable amount detects contamination or coverage.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a fire detector (1) according to the invention, whose function with the aid of FIGS. 3a-3c is explained.
  • the FIGS. 3a-3b each show, by way of example, a continuous amplitude spectrum 17 abc in the frequency range from a to t and a line spectrum formed from a plurality of discrete frequencies a-t.
  • a continuous amplitude spectrum 17abc can be measured on the microphone 15 in the fire detector 1 when the sound transducer 8 is excited with a continuous frequency sweep while a discrete line spectrum a-t is measured when the sound transducer 8 is excited at several discrete frequencies a-t.
  • the frequencies a-t are preferably located in a non-audible frequency range for measurement purposes.
  • the detector 1 has a housing 2 with openings 10a and 10b, in which a measuring chamber 3 is housed.
  • a measuring chamber 3 In the measuring chamber 3 is the detection range for Rauch18, which results from the intersection of a Messlichtkegels emitted from the measuring light transmitter 4, with the field of view of the scattered light receiver 5, the measuring chamber 3 is bounded laterally by a labyrinth 12 through which on the one hand smoke in the measuring chamber 3 and the detection area 18 can penetrate, on the other hand, extraneous light is prevented from penetrating into the measuring chamber 3.
  • Smoke that enters the measuring chamber must first pass through the housing openings 10a, 10b and the insect screen 11.
  • the smoke detector 1 Since it happens again and again that smoke detectors z. B. are masked during renovation and then forgotten to remove the cover or pollute the insect screen 11 over time and then smoke can not penetrate unhindered in the detection area 18, the smoke detector 1 has a device according to the invention with which such covers or dirt can be recognized and displayed.
  • a device comprises, in addition to a control and evaluation unit 16 and a microphone 15, a sound generator 8, which is mounted here between the housing 2 and the measuring chamber 3. In this position, he could on the one hand sound as an alarm through the sound outlet opening 7 in the housing outwardly conceivable would be an additional use as a communication interface z. B. in the ultrasonic range - and on the other hand pass through the sound inlet opening 6 inwards into the measuring chamber 3.
  • the sound entering the measuring chamber 3 is reflected therein several times and passes through the labyrinth 12 from the measuring chamber 3 in the surrounding housing 2 and there is also on housing boundaries, the boundary surfaces of the housing openings, not shown 10a 10b, the insect screen 11 is reflected and partially passes back into the measuring chamber 3 in which the microphone 15 is mounted.
  • the superimposition of sound waves which are emitted directly from the sounder with the reflected sound waves, creates a characteristic sound field, which in some places has larger and at other locations smaller amplitudes and different phase angles compared to the original signal.
  • Fig. 3a each exemplary a continuous amplitude spectrum 17a and a discrete line spectrum at, which can be measured with the microphone 15 in the unpolluted uncovered state of the smoke detector 1 with appropriate detector geometry and matching material properties.
  • Spectrum 17a and the in Fig. 3a therefore, amplitudes a - t also serve as references for the detection of soiling or covers.
  • a continuous spectrum 17 ac can be measured if the sound generator 8 is excited with a continuous frequency sweep, while the discrete spectra are absent in the Fig. 3a-c result when the sound generator 8 is excited at the discrete frequencies a-t.
  • the result of the measurement and the comparison is stored in the fire detector 1, transmitted via an interface, not shown, to an external unit and can be displayed acoustically or visually directly on the detector.
  • the frequencies o, p and q are also suitable as a single frequency or as a frequency group for detecting contamination or covering of the housing openings 10 or of the insect screen 11.
  • the arrangement of the microphone 15 in the measuring chamber as in Fig. 1 it is shown simplified the detection of contamination of the insect screen 11, if this, as is the case with some fire detectors, is mounted directly on or in the measuring chamber. Soiling of the labyrinth could be recognized as well.
  • Fig. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of a fire detector according to the invention.
  • the measuring chamber 3 with the measuring light transmitter 4 and the scattered light receiver 5 together with the sounder 8, the control and evaluation unit 16 and two opposing microphones 15 a and 15 b are arranged together on a printed circuit board 14 in the housing 2.
  • the sounder 8 preferably acts both as an alarm and as a sounder for the pollution measurement.
  • the contamination measurement is preferably carried out at inaudible frequencies.
  • the use of two microphones at different locations enhances the detection of soils or covers by better detecting sounds that are shadowed by the measuring chamber 3 or other components not shown, by the second microphone.
  • the contamination detection is otherwise performed as described above.
  • the result of the contamination measurement can then be displayed directly on the detector, transmitted via an interface, not shown, to an interrogator, a central office or the like or stored for later retrieval in a memory, not shown.
  • a fire detector 1 Since the amplitude changes described above are predominantly due to changes in the acoustic impedances Z G / I of the housing openings 10 and the insect screen 11, the impedance changes in another fire detector 1 according to the invention directly as an indication of contamination or covers of the housing openings 10 and the Insektengittrs 11 of the fire detector 1 evaluated.
  • a fire detector according to the invention has a device for measuring the acoustic impedances of the housing openings 10 or of the insect screen 11.
  • the sounder 8 emits an acoustic signal whose reflections are measured by a housing opening 10a, 10b or an insect screen 11.
  • the measured acoustic impedances Z G Z I in the control and evaluation unit 16 are compared with limit values which are determined as a function of the impedances of an unpolluted or uncovered detector. If Z G / I deviates by a predetermined amount from the value of an uncovered or unpolluted housing opening 10a, 10b or the insect screen 11, then the housing opening 10a, 10b or the insect screen 11 is considered covered or at least so heavily polluted that Smoke no longer undisturbed can penetrate into the detection range 18 of the fire alarm.
  • the acoustic impedance Z M of the complete fire detector 1 is derived in a further inventive fire detector 1, taking into account the piezoelectric basic equations of the resonant frequency of the sounder 8.
  • a piezoelectric sounder 8 is used with feedback electrode for this purpose, which is connected to the feedback input of the excitation circuit, not shown. Due to the resulting feedback of the sounder 8 is automatically excited via the excitation contacts, via which the sounder 8 is connected to the signal output of the excitation circuit, with one of its resonance frequencies. The resonance frequency is then determined by measuring the period.
  • the determination of the acoustic impedance of the detector is dispensed with.
  • the measured resonant frequency of the sounder 8 is compared with the resonant frequency of an unpolluted uncovered detector 1.
  • a contamination or cover of the housing openings 10 and the insect screen 11 is detected when the measured resonance frequency deviates by a certain amount from the reference frequency at a clean and uncovered detector 1.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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Claims (12)

  1. Procédé pour identifier des perturbations de la pénétration de grandeurs caractéristiques d'incendie dans une zone de détection (18) d'un détecteur d'incendie (1) à l'intérieur d'un boîtier (2) qui présente des ouvertures (10) pour l'entrée des grandeurs caractéristiques d'incendie dans la zone de détection (18), le procédé permettant d'identifier l'encrassement ou le recouvrement notamment des ouvertures du boîtier (10) et/ou d'une protection pare-insectes (11), caractérisé par les étapes suivantes :
    a. génération d'un champ acoustique caractéristique à l'intérieur du détecteur de fumée en excitant un transducteur acoustique (8) et par superposition des ondes sonores émises directement par le transducteur acoustique (8) à leurs réflexions sur les surfaces de délimitation à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur du détecteur (1),
    b. mesure d'au moins une grandeur physique du champ acoustique, notamment de l'amplitude (a-t) et/ou de la phase en au moins un endroit (15) à l'intérieur du champ acoustique dans le détecteur de fumée,
    c. comparaison d'au moins l'une valeur mesurée à une référence,
    d. identification d'un encrassement ou d'un recouvrement des ouvertures de pénétration de la fumée du détecteur quand au moins l'une valeur mesurée s'écarte de la référence d'un montant qui peut être prédéfini.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le transducteur acoustique (8) est excité avec au moins une fréquence discrète (a-t).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le transducteur acoustique (8) est excité avec plusieurs fréquences discrètes (a-t) différentes et une comparaison à une référence correspondante est effectuée pour chaque fréquence (a-t).
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le transducteur acoustique est excité par un balayage de fréquence (sweep) dans un intervalle de fréquence défini et un spectre résultant (17a/b/c) est mesuré en au moins un endroit (15) dans le champ acoustique.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que les écarts entre le spectre continu ou de raies mesuré (17b, 17c) et un spectre de référence (17a) sont détectés au moyen d'une analyse basée sur une règle et/ou la détection d'un modèle, par exemple au moyen d'une logique floue ou de réseaux neuronaux, et/ou d'une corrélation croisée.
  6. Procédé pour identifier des perturbations de la pénétration de grandeurs caractéristiques d'incendie dans une zone de détection (18) d'un détecteur d'incendie (1) à l'intérieur d'un boîtier (2) qui présente des ouvertures (10) pour l'entrée des grandeurs caractéristiques d'incendie dans la zone de détection (18), le procédé permettant d'identifier l'encrassement ou le recouvrement notamment des ouvertures du boîtier (10) et/ou d'une protection pare-insectes (11), caractérisé par la mesure de l'impédance acoustique du détecteur d'incendie (1) complet et/ou des ouvertures du boîtier (10) et/ou de la protection pare-insectes (11), un encrassement ou un recouvrement étant identifié lorsqu'une ou plusieurs des impédances acoustiques mesurées s'écartent d'une référence correspondante d'un montant qui peut être prédéfini.
  7. Procédé pour identifier des perturbations de la pénétration de grandeurs caractéristiques d'incendie dans une zone de détection (18) d'un détecteur d'incendie (1) à l'intérieur d'un boîtier (2) qui présente des ouvertures (10) pour l'entrée des grandeurs caractéristiques d'incendie dans la zone de détection (18), le procédé permettant d'identifier l'encrassement ou le recouvrement notamment des ouvertures du boîtier (10) et/ou d'une protection pare-insectes (11), caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une fréquence de résonance d'un transducteur acoustique (8) à l'intérieur du détecteur (1) est mesurée et comparée à une fréquence de référence correspondante, et un encrassement ou un recouvrement étant identifié lorsque au moins l'une fréquence de résonance mesurée s'écarte d'un montant qui peut être prédéfini.
  8. Détecteur d'incendie conçu pour mettre en oeuvre un procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, comprenant une zone de détection (18) pour des grandeurs caractéristiques d'incendie dans un boîtier (2) qui présente des ouvertures (10) pour l'entrée des grandeurs caractéristiques d'incendie, et comprenant des moyens pour identifier l'encrassement ou le recouvrement des ouvertures du boîtier (10) et/ou d'une protection pare-insectes (11), caractérisé en ce que les moyens pour identifier l'encrassement ou le recouvrement des ouvertures du boîtier (10) et/ou de la protection pare-insectes (11) comprennent un transducteur acoustique (8) à l'intérieur du boîtier (2), lequel génère un champ acoustique caractéristique dans le boîtier (2), au moins un microphone (15) en au moins un endroit (15) choisi de manière appropriée dans le boîtier (2), lequel détecte des modifications de l'amplitude et/ou de la phase du champ acoustique caractéristique à l'endroit (15) correspondant, et une unité de commande et d'interprétation (16) qui, lorsque les modifications de l'amplitude et/ou de la phase dépassent un montant qui peut être prédéfini, conclut à un encrassement ou à un recouvrement.
  9. Détecteur d'incendie selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les modifications de l'amplitude et/ou de la phase du champ acoustique sont causées par des modifications de l'impédance acoustique des ouvertures du boîtier (10) et/ou de la protection pare-insectes (11).
  10. Détecteur d'incendie conçu pour mettre en oeuvre un procédé selon la revendication 6, comprenant une zone de détection (18) pour au moins une grandeur caractéristique d'incendie dans un boîtier (2) qui présente des ouvertures (10) pour l'entrée de la grandeur caractéristique d'incendie, et comprenant des moyens pour identifier l'encrassement ou le recouvrement des ouvertures du boîtier (10) et/ou d'une protection pare-insectes (11), caractérisé en ce que les moyens pour identifier l'encrassement ou le recouvrement des ouvertures du boîtier (10) et/ou de la protection pare-insectes (11) comprennent une unité pour mesurer l'impédance acoustique du détecteur d'incendie (1) complet et/ou des ouvertures du boîtier (10) et/ou de la protection pare-insectes (11), un encrassement ou un recouvrement étant identifié lorsqu'une ou plusieurs des impédances acoustiques mesurées s'écartent d'une référence correspondante d'un montant qui peut être prédéfini, et une unité de commande et d'interprétation (16) qui, lorsque l'écart dépasse un montant qui peut être prédéfini, conclut à un encrassement ou à un recouvrement.
  11. Détecteur d'incendie selon la revendication 10, caractérisé par un dispositif de mesure des résonances, l'impédance acoustique étant déterminée au moyen d'au moins une des fréquences de résonance du transducteur acoustique (8).
  12. Détecteur d'incendie approprié pour la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé selon la revendication 7, comprenant une zone de détection (18) pour au moins une grandeur caractéristique d'incendie dans un boîtier (2) qui présente des ouvertures (10) pour l'entrée de la grandeur caractéristique d'incendie, et comprenant des moyens pour identifier l'encrassement ou le recouvrement des ouvertures du boîtier (10) et/ou d'une protection pare-insectes (11), caractérisé en ce que les moyens pour identifier l'encrassement ou le recouvrement des ouvertures du boîtier (10) et/ou de la protection pare-insectes (11) comprennent un transducteur acoustique (8) à l'intérieur du boîtier (2), lequel génère un champ acoustique caractéristique dans le boîtier (2), une unité pour mesurer au moins une fréquence de résonance du transducteur acoustique (8) et une unité de commande et d'interprétation (16) qui compare les fréquences de résonance mesurées à une fréquence de référence correspondante et identifie un encrassement ou un recouvrement lorsque les écarts identifiés par rapport à une fréquence de référence correspondante dépassent un montant qui peut être prédéfini.
EP08020315.1A 2008-11-21 2008-11-21 Détecteur d'incendie et procédé destiné à la reconnaissance d'impuretés Active EP2189956B1 (fr)

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DE202014002931U1 (de) 2014-04-04 2014-05-06 Siemens Schweiz Ag Gefahrenmelder mit einer auf einem lichtemittierenden Halbleiter basierenden Projektionseinheit zur Projektion einer benutzerseitigen Information weg vom Gefahrenmelder
US10983103B2 (en) * 2018-11-23 2021-04-20 Msa Technology, Llc Detection of blockage in a porous member

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US10788457B2 (en) * 2016-02-05 2020-09-29 Msa Technology, Llc Detection of blockage in a porous member
DE102018000292A1 (de) * 2018-01-16 2019-02-14 Diehl Aviation Gilching Gmbh Rauchmelder und Verfahren zum Erkennen einer Verschmutzung oder Abdeckung eines Rauchmelders
AU2020275864B2 (en) * 2019-05-14 2024-08-15 Msa Technology, Llc Detection of blockage in a porous member using pressure waves
DE102020206453A1 (de) * 2020-05-25 2021-11-25 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren zur Verschmutzungserkennung eines Brandmelders, Brandmelder, Computerprogramm und maschinenlesbares Speichermedium
CN112509271B (zh) * 2020-11-25 2024-03-22 中国民用航空飞行学院 一种毫米波感烟探测装置及其探测方法
EP4057247A1 (fr) 2021-03-08 2022-09-14 Carrier Corporation Procédé de détection de couvercle de détecteur d'incendie et appareil de détection d'incendie correspondant
DE102021214823A1 (de) 2021-12-21 2023-06-22 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Brandmelder, Verfahren zur Detektion eines Verschlusses und/oder einer Verschmutzung einer Raucheintrittsöffnung eines Brandmelders, Computerprogramm und maschinenlesbares Speichermedium
EP4246483A1 (fr) 2022-03-18 2023-09-20 Siemens Schweiz AG Détecteurs d'incendie à thermistances non chauffées, en particulier ntcs, destinés à la détection des fluctuations thermiques dans la zone des ouvertures d'entrée, ainsi que procédé correspondant

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EP0503167B1 (fr) 1991-03-12 1995-06-14 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Détecteur de fumée et procédé pour tester un tel détecteur
DE4409900C1 (de) 1994-03-23 1995-04-13 Preussag Ag Minimax Optischer Rauchmelder
DE10066246A1 (de) 2000-09-22 2005-10-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh Streulichtrauchmelder
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DE10326078A1 (de) 2003-06-10 2005-01-05 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren zur Messung der akustischen Impedanz einer Flüssigkeit
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EP1870866B1 (fr) 2006-06-24 2010-04-14 Brunata Wärmemesser Hagen GmbH & Co. KG Détecteur de fumée
EP1898377A1 (fr) 2006-09-08 2008-03-12 Hekatron Vertriebs GmbH Détecteur et procédé de test de ce détecteur

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202014002931U1 (de) 2014-04-04 2014-05-06 Siemens Schweiz Ag Gefahrenmelder mit einer auf einem lichtemittierenden Halbleiter basierenden Projektionseinheit zur Projektion einer benutzerseitigen Information weg vom Gefahrenmelder
DE102014223111A1 (de) 2014-04-04 2015-10-08 Siemens Schweiz Ag Gefahrenmelder mit einer auf einem lichtemittierenden Halbleiter basierenden Projektionseinheit zur Projektion einer benutzerseitigen Information weg vom Gefahrenmelder
US10983103B2 (en) * 2018-11-23 2021-04-20 Msa Technology, Llc Detection of blockage in a porous member

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