EP2188030A2 - Systèmes de filtration de liquides - Google Patents

Systèmes de filtration de liquides

Info

Publication number
EP2188030A2
EP2188030A2 EP08797272A EP08797272A EP2188030A2 EP 2188030 A2 EP2188030 A2 EP 2188030A2 EP 08797272 A EP08797272 A EP 08797272A EP 08797272 A EP08797272 A EP 08797272A EP 2188030 A2 EP2188030 A2 EP 2188030A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
web
filter element
sorbent
fibers
layers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08797272A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2188030A4 (fr
Inventor
Bradley M. Eaton
William J. Feil, Iii
Torrence B. Stahl
Thund Y. Watt
Mark W. Schimmel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
3M Innovative Properties Co
Original Assignee
3M Innovative Properties Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US11/835,196 external-priority patent/US7828969B2/en
Application filed by 3M Innovative Properties Co filed Critical 3M Innovative Properties Co
Publication of EP2188030A2 publication Critical patent/EP2188030A2/fr
Publication of EP2188030A4 publication Critical patent/EP2188030A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
    • B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2055—Carbonaceous material
    • B01D39/2058—Carbonaceous material the material being particulate
    • B01D39/2062—Bonded, e.g. activated carbon blocks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0407—Additives and treatments of the filtering material comprising particulate additives, e.g. adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0442—Antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal additives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0622—Melt-blown
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/069—Special geometry of layers
    • B01D2239/0695—Wound layers

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to liquid filtration systems and filter media, wherein the filter media contains, for example, polymeric fibrous webs containing sorbent components therein.
  • Composite blocks can be made from combinations of sorbent materials, such as adsorbent activated carbon, and polymeric binders, such as polyethylene, that have been sintered together under conditions of heat and pressure and are useful in water filter technology.
  • sorbent materials such as adsorbent activated carbon
  • polymeric binders such as polyethylene
  • Carbon block technology provides comparable functionality to loose bed carbon particles without the particle shedding or taking up too much space.
  • pressure drop across the block can increase as a result of increasing quantities of sorptive materials such as activated carbon.
  • exposure of carbon blocks to heat and pressure can limit the types of materials available for use in the blocks. For example, carbon block technology is generally precluded from using materials that are sensitive to thermal degradation, such as ion exchange resins.
  • filter elements Provided are filter elements and methods of making and using the same where the filter elements are suitable for liquid filtration and contain particle-loaded meltblown fiber webs.
  • a filter element comprising: a porous article comprising a web of self-supporting nonwoven polymeric fibers and a plurality of sorbent particles enmeshed in the web, the article comprising a first surface and a second surface; a liquid-impermeable housing surrounding the porous article; an inlet in fluid communication with the first surface; and an outlet in fluid communication with the second surface.
  • FIG. 1 Another aspect includes a fluid filtration system comprising a fluid source and a filter element, the filter element comprising: a porous article comprising a web of self-supporting nonwoven polymeric fibers and a plurality of sorbent particles enmeshed in the web, the porous article comprising a first surface and a second surface; a liquid- impermeable housing surrounding the porous article, an inlet in fluid communication with the first surface; and an outlet in fluid communication with the second surface.
  • a fluid filtration system comprising a fluid source and a filter element, the filter element comprising: a porous article comprising a web of self-supporting nonwoven polymeric fibers and a plurality of sorbent particles enmeshed in the web, the porous article comprising a first surface and a second surface; a liquid- impermeable housing surrounding the porous article, an inlet in fluid communication with the first surface; and an outlet in fluid communication with the second surface.
  • a filter element comprising: a block composite comprising an activated media in an amount in the range of 10 to 90% and a binder in an amount in the range of 10 to 90% by weight of the block; a web surrounding the carbon block composite, the web comprising self-supporting nonwoven polypropylene fibers and a plurality of sorbent particles enmeshed in the web in an amount in the range of 50 to 97% by weight of the web.
  • a filter element comprising a plurality of disks affixed to each other, the disks comprising self-supporting nonwoven polypropylene fibers and a plurality of sorbent particles enmeshed in the fibers is provided.
  • Other aspects include methods of filtering a fluid.
  • the method comprises contacting a filter element with the fluid, the filter element comprising a porous article comprising a web of self-supporting nonwoven polymeric fibers and a plurality of sorbent particles enmeshed in the web, the porous article comprising a first surface and a second surface; a liquid-impermeable housing surrounding the porous article, an inlet in fluid communication with the first surface; and an outlet in fluid communication with the second surface.
  • methods of forming a filter element comprising: flowing molten polymer through a plurality of orifices to form filaments; attenuating the filaments into fibers; directing a stream of sorbent particles amidst the filaments or fibers; collecting the fibers and sorbent particles as a nonwoven web to form a porous article; and locating the porous article in a liquid-impervious housing.
  • a filter element comprising: a plurality of porous layers wound to form a porous article, wherein the porous layers comprise a web of self- supporting nonwoven polymeric fibers and a plurality of sorbent particles enmeshed in the web; a liquid-impermeable housing surrounding the porous article; an inlet in fluid communication with the first surface; and an outlet in fluid communication with the second surface.
  • a filter element comprising: a first plurality of porous layers wound to form a porous article, wherein the porous layers comprise a first web of self-supporting nonwoven polypropylene fibers and a plurality of carbon particles enmeshed in the first web; a liquid-impermeable housing surrounding the porous article; an inlet in fluid communication with the first surface; and an outlet in fluid communication with the second surface.
  • a further aspect provides a method of filtering a fluid, the method comprising contacting a filter element with the fluid, a plurality of porous layers wound to form a porous article, wherein the porous layers comprise a web of self-supporting nonwoven polymeric fibers and a plurality of sorbent particles enmeshed in the web; a liquid-impermeable housing surrounding the porous article; an inlet in fluid communication with the first surface; and an outlet in fluid communication with the second surface.
  • a filter element comprising: flowing molten polymer through a plurality of orifices to form filaments; attenuating the filaments into fibers; directing a stream of sorbent particles amidst the filaments or fibers; collecting the fibers and sorbent particles as a non- woven web onto a spindle to form a porous article; and locating the porous article in a liquid- impervious housing.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a porous article
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a porous article located in a housing
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic of a housing
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a spiral wound porous article located in a housing
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a stacked disk filter located in a housing
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic of an exemplary component for producing direct- formed particle-loaded porous articles
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic of a porous article
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-section of a porous article
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-section of a porous article.
  • filtration articles for liquid purification that utilize particle- loaded meltblown (or blown microfiber - BMF) webs in conjunction with a base to form a liquid treatment unit.
  • particle loaded BMF webs are formed by adding a sorbent material in the form of particles, particulates, and/or agglomerates or blends of the same to an airstream that attenuates polymeric meltblown fibers and conveys these fibers to a collector.
  • the particles become enmeshed in a meltblown fibrous matrix as the fibers contact the particles in the mixed airstream and are collected to form a web.
  • High loadings of particles up to, for example, about 97% by weight are possible.
  • Sorbent materials include, but are not limited to, types of materials that change physical or chemical properties of a fluid such as absorbent and adsorbent materials and materials having surface activity.
  • sorbents may include, but are not limited to, granular and powdered activated carbon; ion exchange resin; metal ion exchange zeolite sorbents such as Engelhard's ATS; activated aluminas such as Selecto Scientific's Alusil; antimicrobial compounds, for example silver, zinc and halogen based materials; acid gas adsorbents; arsenic reduction materials; iodinated resins; and diatomaceous earth.
  • Filtration media in accordance with embodiments of the invention include particle loaded webs (uncalendered) and compacted/densified loaded webs (calendered). These media exhibit low resistance to fluid flow and have significant improvements relative to commercial products in, for example, gravity flow, liquid filtration applications. Additional advantages are found in applications requiring high flow rates.
  • the open, porous nature of these loaded webs does not appreciably add to the resistance to flow through the filter and housing. This low pressure drop across the media enables use in high flow applications such as whole house filtration and also for applications requiring gravity flow filtration. Active carbon loadings in excess of 90% by weight have been demonstrated. Loadings of at least 40, 50, 60, 70, or even 80% are also possible.
  • Loaded webs have additional advantages over block technology when using thermally sensitive particulates such as some ion exchange resins.
  • the particles are not exposed to the elevated temperatures seen during the block molding or extrusion processes. This reduces concerns about thermal lability related to particulate (ion exchange resin) degradation.
  • the open, porous structure is also an advantage in high sediment situations. The highly open structure retains many potential pathways for the fluid to contact the particles. In whole house filtration, the desire is for the large sediment particles to be trapped in the media while the smaller sediment particles are permitted to pass through the media. This contributes to higher service life before the media becomes fouled and the pressure drop becomes excessive.
  • a filter element comprising: a porous article comprising a web of self-supporting nonwoven polymeric fibers and a plurality of sorbent particles enmeshed in the web, the article comprising a first surface and a second surface; a liquid-impermeable housing surrounding the porous article; an inlet in fluid communication with the first surface; and an outlet in fluid communication with the second surface.
  • the sorbent particles comprise an activated carbon, diatomaceous earth, an ion exchange resin, a metal ion exchange sorbent, an activated alumina, an antimicrobial compound, an acid gas adsorbent, an arsenic reduction material, an iodinated resin, or combinations thereof.
  • the web has a Gurley time of no more than 2 (or in other embodiments 1 or even 0.5) seconds.
  • the filter has a pressure drop of no more than 150 (or in other embodiments 75 or even 30)mm water at a uniform face velocity of air of 5.3 cm per second under ambient conditions.
  • the particles have an average particle size of no more than 250 (or 200, 150,
  • the filter has an average fill rate of less than 10 minutes per gallon.
  • the web is wound to form the article.
  • the article is formed from a plurality of webs adjacent to each other.
  • a first web contains a first sorbent and a second web contains a second sorbent.
  • a first web comprises particles of a first average size and a second web comprises particles of a second average size.
  • the web substantially surrounds a core.
  • the core can comprise a carbon block.
  • Other embodiments include the web having a base web weight is in the range of 10 to 1000 (or 20-300 or even 25-100) grams per square meter.
  • the web has a sorbent particle density in the range of 0.20 to 0.5 g/cc.
  • the polymeric fibers comprise polypropylene.
  • the polymeric fibers comprise a metallocene-catalyzed polyolefm.
  • polypropylene has a polymer melt flow index in the range of 30 to 1500 (or 75-750, or even 200-500).
  • a further embodiment provides that the web has been compressed by calendering, heating, or applying pressure.
  • Other embodiments include the filter element having a sorbent density gradient.
  • a fluid filtration system comprising a fluid source and a filter element, the filter element comprising: a porous article comprising a web of self-supporting nonwoven polymeric fibers and a plurality of sorbent particles enmeshed in the web, the porous article comprising a first surface and a second surface; a liquid- impermeable housing surrounding the porous article, an inlet in fluid communication with the first surface; and an outlet in fluid communication with the second surface.
  • the web is rolled to form the porous article.
  • the porous article is formed from a plurality of webs that are adjacent to each other.
  • the web substantially surrounds a carbon block.
  • a filter element comprising: a block composite comprising an activated media in an amount in the range of 10 to 90% and a binder in an amount in the range of 10 to 90% by weight of the block; a web surrounding the carbon block composite, the web comprising self-supporting nonwoven polypropylene fibers and a plurality of sorbent particles enmeshed in the web in an amount in the range of 50 to 97% by weight of the web.
  • a filter element comprising a plurality of disks affixed to each other, the disks comprising self-supporting nonwoven polypropylene fibers and a plurality of sorbent particles enmeshed in the fibers.
  • a detailed embodiment provides that a first plurality of disks comprise first sorbent particles of activated carbon and a second plurality of disks comprise second sorbent particles of ion exchange resin.
  • Other aspects include methods of filtering a fluid.
  • the method comprises contacting a filter element with the fluid, the filter element comprising a porous article comprising a web of self-supporting nonwoven polymeric fibers and a plurality of sorbent particles enmeshed in the web, the porous article comprising a first surface and a second surface; a liquid-impermeable housing surrounding the porous article, an inlet in fluid communication with the first surface; and an outlet in fluid communication with the second surface.
  • methods of forming a filter element comprising: flowing molten polymer through a plurality of orifices to form filaments; attenuating the filaments into fibers; directing a stream of sorbent particles amidst the filaments or fibers; collecting the fibers and sorbent particles as a nonwoven web to form a porous article; and locating the porous article in a liquid-impervious housing.
  • the method further comprises compressing the nonwoven web by calendaring, heating, or applying pressure to form a compressed web having a Gurley time of no more than 2 seconds.
  • the method further comprises affixing a plurality of the nonwoven webs adjacent to each other to form the porous article. Another embodiment provides that the method further comprising winding the nonwoven web prior to placing the nonwoven web in the housing.
  • Other embodiments include controlling the rheology of the fibers.
  • filtration articles for liquid purification formed directly by collecting meltblown or blown microfiber (BMF) filaments containing particles, particulates or agglomerates of sorbents on a rotating mandrel collector. These particles are loaded into the BMF filaments stream as the stream exits a die and is conveyed to the rotating mandrel collector.
  • BMF meltblown or blown microfiber
  • sorbent materials enables the removal of additional undesired chemicals and contaminants from the source water or liquid to be purified.
  • Such processing builds the filter diameter in layers as the filter element is formed. In some embodiments, the filter element traverses laterally.
  • Certain BMF filament fibers without any sorbent material have been designed to remove particulates and sediment from a water supply source. A representative example of this process is described in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2004/0245171 and 2007/0175819 (Schimmel), the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • BMF webs are formed by adding a sorbent material in the form of particles, particulates, and/or agglomerates or blends of the same to an airstream that attenuates polymeric meltblown fibers and conveys these fibers to a collector, the particles become enmeshed in a meltblown fibrous matrix as the fibers contact the particles in the mixed airstream and are collected to form a web.
  • sorbent materials include, but are not limited to, types of materials that change physical or chemical properties of a fluid such as absorbent and adsorbent materials.
  • adsorbents may include, but are not limited to, granular and powdered activated carbon; ion exchange resin; metal ion exchange zeolite sorbents such as Engelhard' s ATS; activated aluminas such as Selecto Scientific's Alusil; antimicrobial compounds, for example silver, zinc and halogen based materials; acid gas adsorbents; arsenic reduction materials; and iodinated resins.
  • Direct- formed filter elements may include gradient densities achieved by adjustments to the meltblown filaments, the loaded particulates or both. In one or more embodiments, the meltblown filaments airstream are modified to create various effects.
  • Blends of filament size distributions can be formed by mixing the resulting fiber airstreams from two or more separate dies that are operating at different target Effective Fiber Diameters (EFDs).
  • EFDs Effective Fiber Diameters
  • a similar effect can be obtained by use of the mixed blown or alternating fiber die tips as described in U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 11/461,136., the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the mixed blown approach could also be used to create zones across the die face having different size fibers or gradients of fiber sizes. In so doing, structure of filter layers can be tailored for use in, for example, a depth filter.
  • Particles, particulates, agglomerates, other regular, irregular or hollow shapes or mixtures thereof can be added into one or more of these filament streams and collected on a rotating mandrel or an advancing collecting mandrel to form the filter element.
  • Another aspect is to have two or more dies operating in separate layers instead of having mixed filament airstreams. The dies could also be operating side-by- side to create a distinct layered effect as the element traverses on the rotating mandrel. Additional changes to performance could be possible by using different polymers or multicomponent fibers in one or more of the dies.
  • a gradient or even layered filter element can be formed using an advancing collector mandrel by having the particle loader adding particulate to only targeted zones of the web. This can be accomplished by using a narrow particle loader in conjunction with a wider die or by using a patterned feed roll in the particle loader.
  • the feed roll uses machined cavities to control the volumetric feed rate as the roll turns against the doctor blade. By changing the volume of the cavities across (or around) the face of the feed roller, the local-feeding of the particulates can be controlled and hence the local-added weight of particulates in the resultant web.
  • Another approach is to use a segmented hopper in the particle loader.
  • the particulates are only added to the segmented regions where you want feeding to occur.
  • This approach would also allow the use of different particles in the segmented regions to enable use of two particle sizes or have controlled addition of a treated sorbent or one having special performance.
  • Multiple particle loaders can be used to vary the amount or type of particle loaded into the targeted region.
  • a directly-formed filter element can be formed that is tailored for a specific application.
  • an inner layer of fine polypropylene fibers can be formed directly adjacent to the mandrel core that will help reduce sloughing and shedding.
  • a middle layer of particle-loaded web for the primary separation can be provided.
  • an outer layer of desired functionality can be formed, for example, the outer layer can have greater pore size to remove larger contaminants before reaching the primary separation layer and/or have larger diameter fibers to act as an additional pre-f ⁇ lter layer.
  • Many other possible arrangements could also be produced by one skilled in the art and are expected to fall within the scope of this invention.
  • a filter element comprising: a plurality of porous layers wound to form a porous article, wherein the porous layers comprise a web of self- supporting nonwoven polymeric fibers and a plurality of sorbent particles enmeshed in the web; a liquid-impermeable housing surrounding the porous article; an inlet in fluid communication with the first surface; and an outlet in fluid communication with the second surface.
  • the plurality of porous layers are fused together.
  • the plurality of porous layers are separate composite layers.
  • the sorbent particles comprise an activated carbon, diatomaceous earth, an ion exchange resin, a metal ion exchange sorbent, an activated alumina, an antimicrobial compound, an acid gas adsorbent, an arsenic reduction material, an iodinated resin, or combinations thereof.
  • the filter element further comprises a core that is surrounded by the web.
  • the web has a sorbent particle density in the range of 0.20 to 0.5 g/cc.
  • the polymeric fibers comprise polypropylene.
  • the polymeric fibers comprise a metallocene-catalyzed polyolefm.
  • the metallocene-catalyzed polyolefm comprises polypropylene.
  • the polypropylene has a polymer melt flow index in the range of 30 to 1500.
  • a first plurality of layers comprises polymeric fibers having a first effective fiber diameter and a second plurality of layers comprises polymeric fibers having a second effective fiber diameter.
  • the polymeric fibers comprise a mixture of effective fiber diameters.
  • the sorbent particles are present in a first plurality of layers at a first density and in a second plurality of layers at a second density.
  • a first plurality of layers comprises a first sorbent and a second plurality of layers comprises a second sorbent.
  • a first plurality of layers comprises particles having a first average size and a second plurality of layers comprises particles having a second average size.
  • the filter element has a sorbent density gradient in an axial configuration. Another detailed embodiment provides that the filter element has a sorbent density gradient in a radial configuration. [0056] In one embodiment, the filter element further comprises a plurality of layers of a second web of self-supporting nonwoven polymer fibers that are substantially free of sorbent particles.
  • a filter element comprising: a first plurality of porous layers wound to form a porous article, wherein the porous layers comprise a first web of self-supporting nonwoven polypropylene fibers and a plurality of carbon particles enmeshed in the first web; a liquid-impermeable housing surrounding the porous article; an inlet in fluid communication with the first surface; and an outlet in fluid communication with the second surface.
  • the porous article further comprises a second plurality of porous layers, wherein the porous layers comprise a second web of self-supporting nonwoven polypropylene fibers and ion exchange resin enmeshed in the second web.
  • a further aspect provides a method of filtering a fluid, the method comprising contacting a filter element with the fluid, a plurality of porous layers wound to form a porous article, wherein the porous layers comprise a web of self-supporting nonwoven polymeric fibers and a plurality of sorbent particles enmeshed in the web; a liquid-impermeable housing surrounding the porous article; an inlet in fluid communication with the first surface; and an outlet in fluid communication with the second surface.
  • a filter element comprising: flowing molten polymer through a plurality of orifices to form filaments; attenuating the filaments into fibers; directing a stream of sorbent particles amidst the filaments or fibers; collecting the fibers and sorbent particles as a non- woven web onto a spindle to form a porous article; and locating the porous article in a liquid- impervious housing.
  • the method further comprises forming a first plurality of layers comprises polymeric fibers having a first effective fiber diameter and a second plurality of layers comprises polymeric fibers having a second effective fiber diameter.
  • the method further comprises providing the sorbent particles in a first plurality of layers at a first density and in a second plurality of layers at a second density.
  • the method further comprises providing a first plurality of layers having a first sorbent and a second plurality of layers having a second sorbent.
  • the method further comprises controlling the rheology of the fibers.
  • Reference to "particle-loaded meltblown media” or “web” includes filtration media of an open-structured entangled mass of fibers, for example, micro fibers, containing particles enmeshed among the fibers, the particles being sorbent for reducing or removing materials such as chemical contaminants, chlorine, and sediment from water.
  • Reference to "enmeshed” means that particles are dispersed and physically held in the fibers of the web. Generally, there is point and line contact along the fibers and the particles so that nearly the full surface area of the particles is available for interaction with fluid.
  • sorbent density gradient means that the amount of sorbent material per square area need not be uniform through out the filter and that it can vary to provide more material in certain areas of the filter and less in other areas.
  • a sorbent density gradient in an axial configuration means that as along the central portion of the filter the amount of sorbent per square area at one end of the filter differs from the amount at the other end and in between two ends but does not vary in the radial direction away from the central portion.
  • a sorbent density gradient in a radial configuration means that as moving away from the central portion of the filter, the core area has a different amount of sorbent as compared to the outer surface of the filter.
  • Fluid treatment unit or "fluid filtration system” includes a system containing a filtration media and a method of separating raw fluid, such as untreated water, from treated fluid. This typically includes a filter housing for a filter element and an outlet to pass treated fluid away from the filter housing in an appropriate manner.
  • a particle is a small piece or individual part.
  • a particulate pertains to or is formed of particles.
  • the particles used in embodiments of the invention can remain separate or may clump, physically intermesh, electro-statically associate, or otherwise associate to form particulates.
  • agglomerates may be intentionally formed such as those described in U.S. Patent No. 5,332,426 (Tang et al.).
  • Reference to "calendering” includes a process of passing a product, such as a polymeric absorbent loaded web through rollers to obtain a compressed material. The rollers may optionally be heated.
  • Gurley time may be measured on a densometer of the type sold under the trade designation "Model 4110" densometer by W. & L. E. Gurley of Troy, N.Y., which is calibrated and operated with a Gurley-Teledyne sensitivity meter (Cat. No. 4134/4135). Gurley time is inversely related to void volume of the particle-loaded web. Gurley time is also inversely related to average pore size of the particle-loaded web.
  • MFI Melt Flow Index
  • ASTM 1238 Polypropylene polymers were measured using the "method B” variant of the ASTM 1238 test method.
  • meltblown process refers to making fine fibers by extruding a thermoplastic polymer through a die consisting of one or more holes. As the fibers emerge from the die they are attenuated by an air stream that is run more or less in parallel or at a tangent to the emerging fibers.
  • void volume refers to a percentage calculated by measuring the weight and volume of a filter —then comparing the filter weight to the theoretical weight a solid mass of the same constituent material of that same volume.
  • thermal degradation refers to the effect of heat on a material.
  • certain sorbent particles formed into composite blocks or loaded webs may be susceptible to becoming physically unstable during processing such as sintering or calendaring.
  • a polymer such as polypropylene
  • treating of the polymer with heat, alone or in combination with mechanical actions, can cause a scission, cross- linking, and/or chemical changes of polymer chains.
  • controlled degradation includes the reduction of molecular weight and the narrowing of the molecular weight distribution of a polymer by a controllable means, such by a specific heat and/or shear input rate or by the introduction of an agent that breaks down the polymer chain and is consumed in the degradation reaction in proportion to a quantity of polymer.
  • porosity is a measure of void spaces in a material. Size, frequency, number, and/or interconnectivity of pores and voids contribute the porosity of a material.
  • controlled rheology may be defined as the use of radiation, peroxide or other free radical agent to adjust the rheological properties (such as viscosity and molecular weight distribution) of certain polyolefms, such as polypropylene, by degradation.
  • Densification refers to a process whereby fibers which have been deposited either directly or indirectly onto a filter winding arbor or mandrel are compressed, either before or after the deposition, and made to form an area, generally or locally, of lower porosity, whether by design or as an artifact of some process of handling the forming or formed filter. Densification also includes the process of calendering webs.
  • the particle loading process is an additional processing step to a standard meltblown fiber forming process, as disclosed in, for example, commonly assigned U.S. Patent Publication No. 2006/0096911, incorporated herein by reference.
  • Blown microfibers are created by a molten polymer entering and flowing through a die, the flow being distributed across the width of the die in the die cavity and the polymer exiting the die through a series of orifices as filaments.
  • a heated air stream passes through air manifolds and an air knife assembly adjacent to the series of polymer orifices that form the die exit (tip). This heated air stream can be adjusted for both temperature and velocity to attenuate (draw) the polymer filaments down to the desired fiber diameter.
  • the BMF fibers are conveyed in this turbulent air stream towards a rotating surface where they collect to form a web.
  • Desired particles such as adsorbent particles, of, for example, activated carbon particles or ion exchange resin beads, are loaded into a particle hopper where they gravimetrically fill recessed cavities in a feed roll.
  • a rigid or semi-rigid doctor blade with segmented adjustment zones forms a controlled gap against the feed roll to restrict the flow out of the hopper.
  • the doctor blade is normally adjusted to contact the surface of the feed roll to limit particulate flow to the volume that resides in the recesses of the feed roll.
  • the feed rate can then be controlled by adjusting the speed that the feed roll turns.
  • a brush roll operates behind the feed roll to remove any residual particulates from the recessed cavities.
  • the particulates fall into a chamber that can be pressurized with compressed air or other source of pressured gas.
  • This chamber is designed to create an airstream that will convey the particles and cause the particles to mix with the meltblown fibers being attenuated and conveyed by the air stream exiting the meltblown die.
  • the velocity distribution of the particles is changed.
  • the particles may be diverted by the die airstream and not mix with the fibers.
  • the particles may be captured only on the top surface of the web.
  • the particles begin to more thoroughly mix with the fibers in the meltblown airstream and can form a uniform distribution in the collected web.
  • the particles partially pass through the meltblown airstream and are captured in the lower portion of the collected web. At even higher particle velocities, the particles can totally pass through the meltblown airstream without being captured in the collected web.
  • the particles are sandwiched between two filament airstreams by using two generally vertical, obliquely- disposed dies that project generally opposing streams of filaments toward the collector. Meanwhile, sorbent particles pass through the hopper and into a first chute. The particles are gravity fed into the stream of filaments. The mixture of particles and fibers lands against the collector and forms a self- supporting nonwoven particle-loaded nonwoven web.
  • the particles are provided using a vibratory feeder, eductor, or other techniques known to those skilled in the art.
  • substantially uniform distribution of particles throughout the web is desired.
  • non-uniform distributions may be advantageous. Gradients through the depth of the web may create changes to the pore size distribution that could be used for depth filtration.
  • Webs with a surface loading of particles could be formed into a filter where the fluid is exposed to the particles early in the flow path and the balance of the web provides a support structure and means to prevent sloughing of the particles.
  • the flow path could also be reversed so the meltblown web can act as a pre-filter to remove some contaminants prior to the fluid reaching the active surface of the particles.
  • the collector can comprise a cartridge winding mechanism operative to either make individual filters formed on a winding mandrel or on a rotating cantilevered shaft equipped with some sort of filter cartridge extraction device designed to substantially continuously pull/push the forming filter cartridge from the rotating shaft.
  • Controlled rheology of polymers used for the meltblown fibers can tailor webs to have desirable properties. This is discussed by commonly assigned U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2004/0245171 and 2007/0175819 (Schimmel) which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
  • adjusting the viscosity of, for example, polypropylene may increase strength of the web.
  • a high degree of fiber to fiber bonding is desirable such that the filter can be machined into useful shapes such as grooved cylinders while maintaining good flow characteristics and high void volumes.
  • webs are fabricated from a polypropylene polymer using controlled degradation to provide material exhibiting a melt flow index of about 30 to about 1500 (or in other embodiments, 75 to 750, or even 200 to 500).
  • controlled degradation is carried out thermally, with or without the use of oxygen, via radiation, or by the action of free radicals generated by one or more of various reagents such as peroxides when heated. The advantageous modification of the rheology and physical properties of the polypropylene are thus realized by controlled degradation of the polymer.
  • a porous article 10 is shown schematically in cross- section.
  • Article 10 has a thickness T and a length and width of any desired dimension.
  • Article 10 is a nonwoven web containing entangled polymeric fibers 12 and sorbent particles 14 enmeshed in the web.
  • Small connected pores (not identified in FIG. 1) in article 10 permit water or other fluids to pass (e.g., to flow) through the thickness dimension of article 10.
  • Particles 14 modify fluids passing through, for example, absorbing, adsorbing, or otherwise modifying contaminants and particulates present in such fluids.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a housing 20 that contains a filter element comprising a porous webbed article 24 disposed on a porous core 22. End caps 26 are affixed to the web 24 with, for example, adhesive (not shown).
  • An inlet 28 to the housing 20 directs a fluid, such as water, to the web 24, where the fluid contacts the sorbent particles enmeshed in the web, and is treated. The treated fluid passes into a channel 27 defined by the core 22. Treated fluid then exits the housing via an outlet 29.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic of a housing 30 having an inlet 38 and an outlet
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a housing 40 having a wall 41 that contains a filter element comprising a spiral wound porous webbed article 44 having a channel 47. End caps 46 are affixed to the web 44 with, for example, adhesive (not shown). A fluid, such as water, enters the web 44 and contacts the sorbent particles enmeshed in the web, and is treated. The treated fluid passes into the channel 47 defined by the core 22.
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of stacked disks of webbed materials
  • a fluid contacts the stacked disks 54 and a reservoir 59 collects treated fluid.
  • FIG. 6 a schematic is provided of an exemplary component of a system for producing direct-formed particle-loaded porous articles. Shown is a collector assembly 114 including a rotating mandrel 122 having an inner end 124 conventionally rotatably mounted via bearing on a support (not shown). Mandrell 122 also has an open distal end 116, an inner surface 120, and an outer peripheral surface 126. A meltblown die 112 feeds nonwoven particle-loaded fibers 110, 110a, 110b, 110c, HOd, and HOe towards the collector assembly 114 for forming direct- formed web structures. [0093] In FIGS.
  • FIG. 7 and 8 shown are a schematic and a cross-section, respectively, of a porous article 130 formed from layers 138 of a nonwoven web 132 containing particles 134. Fluid to be treated enters the layers 138 and treated fluid flows through channel 136. In this embodiment, the density of the particles throughout the article is substantially uniform.
  • FIG. 9 another cross-section of the porous article is provided where a particle density gradient is exemplified. In section 142, there are more particles per unit area than in area 144, which in turn has more particles per unit area than section 146.
  • the polymer was extruded through a 10 inch (25.4 cm) wide drilled orifice die (DOD) at 8 lb/hr (3.6 kg/hr) for the polypropylene- based webs and 6.5 lb/hr (3.0 kg/hr) for the metallocene-catalyzed-polypropylene-based webs.
  • the die-to-collector distance was 12 inches (31.0 cm).
  • Samples of the base web no loaded particulates
  • the melt temperature was recorded for the various samples.
  • the particulate was added to the particle loader hopper and the feed roll speed adjusted to deliver the desired loading of absorbent (carbon or ion exchange resin).
  • the air pressure into the particle loader chamber was set between 0.5 and 2 psig (3.4 and 13.8 kPa, respectively).
  • the setting was adjusted to target a uniform distribution of particles throughout the web.
  • Basis weight was reported in grams per square meter (gsm).
  • Base web refers to the weight per square meter of the meltblown fiber web (unloaded).
  • Loaded web refers to the weight per square meter of the meltblown fiber web loaded with media particles.
  • the webs did increase in total width and possibly length, especially at the higher temperatures. Web density improved compared to uncalendered webs. The basis weights of the webs are included to account for the changes in dimensions after calendering.
  • a length of web required to obtain a filter that contained approximately 100 grams of media was calculated from a weight obtained of a section of web of an approximate size of 8 inch (20 cm) W x 12 inch (30.5 cm).
  • a core of a rigid tube of approximate dimensions of 1.45 inch (3.7 cm) OD and 13.9 inch (35.3 cm) length was obtained.
  • the tube contained openings of approximately 0.15 inch (0.38 cm) square throughout the tube.
  • the calculated length of web to deliver 100 grams of media was cut from the full width - nominally 10 inch (25 cm) sample roll. Webs of approximately 3 - 4 feet (91 cm - 122 cm) long (depending on loading) generally resulted in an approximately 100 gram loading when cut to an 8 inch (20 cm) length.
  • the web was glued to the OD of the tube.
  • the web was wrapped around the tube for the appropriate length.
  • the outside edge of the web was glued to the inner layer of the web.
  • the tube was cut on one end at a point where good loading was visible.
  • the other end was cut to yield a filter that was approximately 8 inches (20.3 cm) in length.
  • the ends of the filter were potted in end caps. [00103]
  • the filters were on average 2.7 inch (6.9 cm) OD. The range in OD was
  • a filter was connected to a city water supply and the first water through the filter was collected. The method is based on a comparison of the intensity of light scattered by the sample under defined conditions with the intensity of light scattered by a standard reference under the same conditions. A higher amount of scattered light indicates a higher level of turbidity in the water.
  • the data was reported in Nephelometric Turbidity Units or NTU. Levels ⁇ 0.5 NTU meet NSF/ANSI drinking water standards. The first liter was collected from the effluent stream. The turbidity was measured and recorded.
  • Comparison 1 a composite carbon block having a formulation of 55% activated carbon media and 45% polymer binder
  • Comparison 2 a carbon filter formed from granular activated carbon (GAC).
  • the loaded webs shed carbon fines during the initial 0-5 gallons of flow. Web capture was better with larger carbon particles as compared to smaller particles. The fines appeared to be reduced between gallons 1 through 5. The amount of shedding was less than a standard GAC axial flow filter, (except samples 15 and 16); even with particles in the 80 x 325 mesh size. [00108] The calendering did not increase the initial flush turbidity. Further, the calendering appears to have reduced the initial turbidity, especially with the 80 x 325 carbon.
  • a filter was connected to a city water supply with a calibrated pressure gauge immediately preceding the system.
  • the filter was open to the atmosphere at the exit of the system.
  • the city water was fed through a rotameter capable of measuring the flow rate at the desired rates of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 gallons per minute, which correspond to 0.9, 1.9, 2.8, 3.8, 7.6, 11.4, 15.1 liters/minute, respectively.
  • the pressure drop of the system with and without the media was evaluated at various flow rates.
  • the system without media is identified as Comparison 3.
  • the uncalendered Sample 17 web media was removed from the filter retained from the pressure drop testing.
  • a Scanning Electron Microscope was used to measure the size of the particles that were retained after the high pressure testing. This filter showed retention of particles having a size of 60-65 microns and larger. Calendering the web, the use of finer fiber diameters or other techniques that reduce the intersticial spaces or form adhesion or bonds between the particles and the fibers should increase retention of even finer particle sizes.
  • the filter was challenged at a flow rate of 0.8 gallons/minute (3.024 L/min) with an influent challenge concentration of 2.0 mg/L free available chlorine (FAC) with water that contained a specified pH, turbidity, total organic carbon and water hardness.
  • FAC free available chlorine
  • the filter must meet a minimum of 50% reduction or a maximum of 1.0 mg/L free available chlorine in the effluent.
  • a comparison block referred to as "Comparison 4" was a carbon block having dimensions of 6.395 inches (16.2 cm) in length, 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) OD, 0.375 inch (0.95 cm) ID and containing 60% by weight 80x325 PICA NC506 carbon and 40% polyethylene binder as described in US 7,112,272 (Hughes et al). An end cap was adhesively bonded directly to the open end of the carbon block. Percent reduction was reported in Table 5.
  • NSF/ANSI 42 Particulate Reduction Test the filter was challenged at an initial flow rate of- 2.5 gallon/minute ( 9.5 L/min.) with an influent challenge concentration of -1,000,000 particles using an in-line particle counter for Class III testing.
  • a system shall reduce the number of particles in the test particle size range by at least 85% when tested according to the standard in order to receive a specific class rating.
  • the system's rating shall be consistent with the smallest particle size effectively removed as determined by the test.
  • a claim for a greater percent reduction, if made, shall be substantiated by testing. Comparison 4 was also tested.
  • Coarse Test Dust at a fixed concentration of 1 gram test dust per gallon. The end point was determined by a 20 psi (6.9 kPa) change in pressure drop across the media. The number of gallons through the filter to the defined endpoint was reported. A higher gram life indicates a longer service life as measured using this test dust. Comparison 4 was also tested.
  • Gurley Model 4110 densometer was used to measure the time for 50 cc of air at 124 mm water pressure to pass through a sample of web having an area of approximately 645 square mm (1 square inch) at room temperature (approximately 23°C).
  • the samples provided in Table 4 represent a range of pressure drops shown in Table 2.
  • the Gurley value was less than 1 second for the various filters using both calendered and uncalendered webs.
  • Example 1 (cation exchange loaded web) of Example 1 were assembled into filters as follows. These test samples were made by adhesively bonding a 100 mm diameter disk of loaded web media along the inside edge of a 100 mm OD plastic ring with a 94 mm ID opening. A fine bead of hot melt adhesive was added around the circumference of the 100 mm diameter disk of loaded web media. Another 100 mm disk was stacked directly on top of the previous layer (with adhesive). This layering was repeated for seven layers of the carbon loaded web, followed by the targeted layers of ion exchange loaded web, and then 3 more layers of the carbon loaded web. Another plastic ring was adhesively bonded to the top of the media stack. Stacked filters using loaded webs were assembled according to Table 9.
  • Example 5 The filters of Example 5 were evaluated for TTHM reduction and for gravity flow through rates.
  • TTHM reduction of the filter was assessed by first conditioning the filter by pouring 5 gallons (18.9 liters) of the appropriate NSF/ANSI general test water through the filter.
  • the filters were tested using a chloroform influent challenge water, 450 +/- 90 ppb under gravity flow conditions. The data reported below was collected using the pour through device conditions (gravity flow) as described in the ANSI 53 Standard.
  • the Brita OB01/OB03 Classic is reported to typically require 15 minutes to pass 0.5 gallons (1.9 liters).
  • the PUR Ultimate pitcher filter is reported to take about 15 minutes to filter enough water to fill an 8-10 cup carafe.
  • Examples 1 and 2 were assembled into filters as follows.
  • a carbon block having dimensions of 8" L x 1.125" OD x 0.7" ID was made using the process described in U.S. Patent No. 7,112,272 (Hughes et al.).
  • the composition of the block was 20% Aquaguard 80 x 325 activated carbon and 80% polyethylene binder. Particle loaded web material was rolled around the carbon block until the resulting structure was approximately 3 inch (7.6 cm) OD.
  • the 8 inch (20 cm) section was cut to a final length of 5 inch (13 cm) for test purposes. End caps were adhesively bonded to both ends of the composite structure.
  • a comparison product referred to as "Comparison 5" is contains 70% active media and 30% polymer binder. End caps were adhesively bonded directly to the both ends of the carbon block.
  • Metallocene-catalyzed polypropylene sold under the trade name Vistamaxx 2125 (available from ExxonMobil) was extruded through a 10 inch (2.5 cm) wide drilled orifice die (DOD) at 6.5 lb/hr (2.9 kg/hr). The melt temperature was about 265°C for all samples. The die to collector distance was 12 inch (30.5 cm). A base web sample (no loaded particulates) was collected and characterized to document the conditions. The base web had a basis weight of 53 gsm. The thickness was 0.014 inches (0.355 mm).
  • a pressure drop of 0.55 mm H 2 O was measured at room temperature (approximately 22°C) at one atmosphere ambient pressure with a uniform face velocity of 5.3 cm/sec for the air flow. These conditions correspond to an effective fiber diameter (EFD) of 19 microns according to the method set forth in Davies, C. N., "The Separation of Airborne Dust and Particles," Institution of Mechanical Engineers, London Proceedings IB, 1952. [00131] After reaching the targeted effective fiber diameter, the particulate was added to the particle loader hopper and the feed roll speed adjusted to deliver approximately 90 percent by weight of coconut-based activated carbon 60x140 sold under the trade name Pica NC506.
  • the air pressure into the particle loader hopper was set at about 2.5 psig to provide a uniform distribution of particles throughout the web.
  • the particle-loaded meltblown or blown microfiber (BMF) filaments were collected on a rigid tube having approximate dimensions of 1.45 inch (3.7 cm) OD and 13.9 inch (35.2 cm) length.
  • the tube contained openings of approximately 0.15 inch (0.38 cm) square throughout the tube.
  • This tube was mounted on a shaft and held in place by two rubber stoppers that slid along the shaft. This shaft was mounted in a chuck of a variable speed hammer drill that was operated at the maximum setting of 850 rpm.
  • Paired spacers extended 4 inch (10 cm) from the collector surface to provide a reproducible distance from the die to the mandrel.
  • the mandrel shaft could be held lightly against these spacers (on either end of the tube) as the samples were collected.
  • the tube and shaft were allowed to reach full rotational speed and then passed into the particle loaded meltblown or blown microfiber (BMF) filaments airstream.
  • the collection time was varied to adjust the weight of the particle loaded filaments collected on the tube.
  • the core had a weight in the full length samples of 37 g. The weight of each core was measured before and after collection to account for variation related to contacting the mandrel with the particle loaded filament airstream.
  • Example 9 Some filters formed according to Example 9 were evaluated according to performance tests, including initial flush turbidity, pressure drop, and chlorine reduction. [00134] For initial flush turbidity, testing occurred as described in Example 4.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Ion Exchange (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des éléments filtre ainsi que leurs procédés de fabrication et d'utilisation où les éléments filtre permettent de filtrer des liquides et contiennent une bande de fibres chargées de particules et extrudées par soufflage. Un élément filtre comprend : un article poreux composé d'une bande de fibres polymères non tissées autoporteuses et d'une pluralité de particules sorbantes prises dans la bande, l'article comportant une première et une seconde surface ; un logement imperméable au liquide entourant l'article poreux ; une entrée en communication fluide avec la première surface ; et une sortie en communication fluide avec la seconde surface. Une pluralité de couches de la bande de fibres polymères non tissées autoporteuses peut être utilisée avec l'article poreux. L'invention porte aussi sur des bandes enroulées en spirale, des blocs couverts de bandes et des disques empilés de bandes.
EP08797272A 2007-08-07 2008-08-06 Systèmes de filtration de liquides Withdrawn EP2188030A4 (fr)

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US95454407P 2007-08-07 2007-08-07
US11/835,196 US7828969B2 (en) 2007-08-07 2007-08-07 Liquid filtration systems
PCT/US2008/072320 WO2009021028A2 (fr) 2007-08-07 2008-08-06 Systèmes de filtration de liquides

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WO2010118112A2 (fr) * 2009-04-07 2010-10-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Toiles chargées de sorbants améliorées pour une filtration par gravité
DE102009022120B4 (de) * 2009-05-20 2021-10-21 Johns Manville Europe Gmbh Mehrlagiges Filtermedium, Verfahren zur dessen Herstellung und dessen Verwendung in der Luft/Gas- und Flüssigkeitsfiltration, sowie Filtermodule enthaltend das mehrlagige Filtermedium
US20100307968A1 (en) * 2009-06-09 2010-12-09 Kx Technologies Llc Activated carbon water filter with reduced leachable arsenic and method for making the same
BR112012020099B1 (pt) 2010-02-12 2021-10-13 Donaldson Company, Inc Filtro para filtrar combustíveis líquidos
ES2583767T3 (es) * 2011-08-12 2016-09-22 Donaldson Company, Inc. Medios de filtración de líquido que contienen fibras sopladas en estado fundido
RU2490049C2 (ru) * 2011-09-02 2013-08-20 Евгений Владимирович Левин Сорбционный фильтр
JP5400845B2 (ja) * 2011-09-20 2014-01-29 株式会社クリーンテック ホウ素吸着装置、ホウ素除去システム、及びホウ素除去方法
CN103032208A (zh) * 2011-09-30 2013-04-10 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 气体发动机cng气体的低压过滤器
CA2860150C (fr) * 2011-12-22 2021-04-06 3M Innovative Properties Company Milieu de filtration comprenant des particules a teneur en metal
KR102010976B1 (ko) * 2012-08-14 2019-08-14 웅진코웨이 주식회사 카본필터
RU169004U1 (ru) * 2016-10-25 2017-03-01 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Саратовский государственный технический университет имени Гагарина Ю.А." (СГТУ имени Гагарина Ю.А.) Сорбционный фильтр
CN106563849B (zh) * 2016-10-31 2019-04-02 重庆泰奥豪骋科技有限公司 水切割机床及过滤方法
JP7044456B2 (ja) * 2017-09-29 2022-03-30 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 食用油の製造システム及び食用油の製造方法
KR102509477B1 (ko) * 2018-05-10 2023-03-10 김유승 멜팅 플라스틱으로 외피를 구성한 활성탄 필터 및 이를 제조하는 방법
WO2020016652A2 (fr) * 2018-07-20 2020-01-23 Groz-Beckert Kg Non-tissés hybrides sans perte et leur procédé de production

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EP2188030A4 (fr) 2012-09-05
KR20100059839A (ko) 2010-06-04
JP2010535621A (ja) 2010-11-25
CN101784322B (zh) 2014-03-12
AU2008283876A1 (en) 2009-02-12
AU2008283876B2 (en) 2013-07-18
CN101784322A (zh) 2010-07-21
WO2009021028A2 (fr) 2009-02-12

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