EP2181002A1 - Coupling device for connecting a heavy vehicle and a towed unit, and towing method - Google Patents

Coupling device for connecting a heavy vehicle and a towed unit, and towing method

Info

Publication number
EP2181002A1
EP2181002A1 EP08774943A EP08774943A EP2181002A1 EP 2181002 A1 EP2181002 A1 EP 2181002A1 EP 08774943 A EP08774943 A EP 08774943A EP 08774943 A EP08774943 A EP 08774943A EP 2181002 A1 EP2181002 A1 EP 2181002A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vehicle
heavy vehicle
towed
heavy
towed vehicle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08774943A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Dominique Dessevre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA
Original Assignee
Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland
Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France
Societe de Technologie Michelin SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland, Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France, Societe de Technologie Michelin SAS filed Critical Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland
Publication of EP2181002A1 publication Critical patent/EP2181002A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B59/00—Devices specially adapted for connection between animals or tractors and agricultural machines or implements
    • A01B59/04—Devices specially adapted for connection between animals or tractors and agricultural machines or implements for machines pulled or pushed by a tractor
    • A01B59/042—Devices specially adapted for connection between animals or tractors and agricultural machines or implements for machines pulled or pushed by a tractor having pulling means arranged on the rear part of the tractor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60D—VEHICLE CONNECTIONS
    • B60D1/00—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60D—VEHICLE CONNECTIONS
    • B60D1/00—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices
    • B60D1/14—Draw-gear or towing devices characterised by their type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a connecting device between a heavy vehicle such as an agricultural tractor and a towed vehicle such as a tillage tool.
  • the invention also relates to a method of traction of a vehicle by a heavy vehicle.
  • the carcass reinforcement anchored in each bead, is composed of at least one layer of textile and / or metal reinforcing elements, the said elements being substantially parallel between they are in the layer and can be substantially radial and / or cross from one sheet to the next, making equal or unequal angles with the circumferential direction.
  • the carcass reinforcement is usually surmounted by a crown reinforcement composed of at least two working crown layers of reinforcing elements which may be textile or metallic, but crossed from one layer to the next by making with the circumferential direction of weak angles.
  • the tread of the tire under consideration is formed of rubber blocks or bars, inclined with respect to the circumferential direction by a generally high angle, and generally circumferentially separated from each other by recesses having a width (measured in the circumferential direction ) greater than the average width of the bars.
  • Said strips may be symmetrical to each other with respect to the equatorial plane by being axially continuous or, as in the majority of cases, axially discontinuous.
  • the ends of bars axially close to the equatorial plane are then in most cases offset circumferentially with respect to each other, while presenting what is commonly called a herringbone design.
  • 3,108,628 still teaches, in order to give the tire good stability under transverse forces, to complete the radial carcass reinforcement by so-called stabilization half-plies and formed of inclined reinforcing elements. relative to the circumferential direction, said half-plies overlapping at the top over most of the axial width of the tread so that the reinforcing elements intersect.
  • Patent FR 1 259 199 also shows and describes a unidirectional carcass reinforcement composed of two half-plies of reinforcing elements inclined relative to the circumferential direction so that they overlap at the top of the tire to form a crossed frame.
  • US 6,260,873 discloses a device interposed between a tractor and a towed tool for damping the tensions that may occur between the tractor and the tool.
  • a connecting device between a heavy vehicle having at least two mounted assemblies and a towed vehicle arranged in working position on a ground forming a horizontal plane, said device allowing the movement of relative pitch between the towed vehicle and the heavy vehicle, the distance between the instantaneous center of rotation of the relative pitching motion of the towed vehicle relative to the heavy vehicle and the orthogonal projection of said instantaneous center of rotation on said horizontal plane being less than at 1/9 of the outside diameter of the largest assembly (s) mounted on the heavy vehicle.
  • a mounted assembly consists of a wheel and a tire envelope.
  • the outer diameter of a mounted assembly is measured at the nominal inflation pressure conditions, said mounted assembly being unloaded.
  • This object has been achieved according to the invention in the same way by a connecting device between a heavy vehicle and a towed vehicle arranged in working position on a ground forming a horizontal plane, said device allowing relative pitching movement. between the towed vehicle and the heavy vehicle, the distance between the instantaneous center of rotation of the relative pitching movement of the towed vehicle relative to the heavy vehicle and the orthogonal projection of said instantaneous center of rotation on said horizontal plane being less than 25 centimeters.
  • the ground forming a horizontal plane is a rigid ground, which means that the heavy vehicle does not create ruts in said plane when measuring the distance considered.
  • the working position corresponds to an establishment of the heavy vehicle, the towed vehicle and the connecting device such that the towed vehicle is in the operational position.
  • the connecting device is an element interposed between the heavy vehicle and the towed vehicle.
  • the connecting device it is possible to adapt the connecting device to existing vehicles and towed vehicles, the latter being provided to complete the usual fastening systems of this type of vehicle and of gear, said connecting device being interposed between the existing fastening systems. It is thus possible to adapt a device according to the invention to existing vehicles and towed vehicles without reviewing their design and thus allow to fight against this phenomenon of jumps or jumps on already acquired material.
  • the connecting device then advantageously consists of a single articulated element, to allow at least the relative pitching movement of the towed vehicle relative to the heavy vehicle, which can be fixed at each of its ends a part of the vehicle and on the other hand to the towed vehicle.
  • the connecting device consists of two integral parts respectively of the heavy vehicle and the towed vehicle and can be interconnected to form an articulated connection, to allow at least the relative pitching movement of the towed vehicle relative to the heavy vehicle.
  • the connecting device is advantageously provided from the designs of vehicles and towed equipment.
  • the establishment of the connecting device becomes transparent to the operator, said connecting device replacing the design of vehicles and machines to currently known fastening systems.
  • a variant of the invention provides that the instantaneous center of rotation of the relative pitching movement of the towed vehicle relative to the heavy vehicle corresponds to a physical element of the connecting device.
  • the device according to the invention comprises according to this variant, the combination of heavy vehicle and towed vehicle being arranged in the working position on a ground forming a horizontal plane, a hinge member remote from its orthogonal projection on said horizontal plane of less than 1/9 of the outer diameter of the largest mounted assembly of the heavy vehicle and / or less than 25 centimeters.
  • This hinge element can then be associated with a protection element against possible aggression that may come for example from the presence of reliefs or pebbles on the ground.
  • this type of assembly consisting of a heavy vehicle and a towed vehicle is mainly used in working position on agricultural lands that have reliefs that may constitute a risk for the device according to the invention and in particular for said point of articulation.
  • the hinge element is in fact according to the invention at an unusually low distance from the ground relative to the known connection systems.
  • a protection element is for example a soc which is fixed upstream the hinge element to prevent contact between the hinge and the ground.
  • This protective share is then advantageously chosen with a shape that reduces the resistance to advancement that it induces if it penetrates significantly the ground.
  • Such a protective element is still useful in the case of rolling in the working position on soft ground; the tires create a crushing of the ground by compaction and the level of the average rolling plane is lowered relative to the mean plane of the ground surface.
  • the hinge element of the device according to the invention can therefore be at a distance from the ground less than the distance at which it is when the heavy vehicle and the towed vehicle is traveling on a ground forming a horizontal plane, sufficiently rigid so that the average rolling plane and the plane of the ground surface can be considered as merged.
  • Such a protective element may be considered indispensable as soon as rolling in working position on soft ground leads to a distance between the hinge element, or instantaneous center of rotation of the relative pitching motion of the body.
  • towed vehicle relative to the heavy vehicle, and its orthogonal projection on the mean rolling plane which is less than the measured distance, in a direction perpendicular to the mean rolling plane, between the mean rolling plane and the mean plane of the surface of the ground.
  • the hinge element lying under the middle plane of the ground surface can therefore be in the ground.
  • the instantaneous center of rotation of the relative pitching movement of the towed vehicle relative to the heavy vehicle corresponds to a virtual point.
  • the point is said to be "virtual" in the sense of the invention either by the absence of material or as soon as the material in the vicinity of the geometric position of said point does not contribute to ensuring the rotation of the relative pitching motion of the towed vehicle compared to the heavy vehicle.
  • a virtual point constituting an instantaneous center of relative rotation between two parts of an assembly in a vertical plane is for example obtained by connecting the two parts by two bars such that, for each of the bars, the line passing through the articulated connection points at the end of the bar to each of the parts passes through the virtual point.
  • the assimilation of the instantaneous center of rotation of the pitching movement at a virtual point allows unlike the previous embodiment of the invention to prevent any risk of damage due to the proximity of a material part of the device relative to the ground surface on which moves l heavy vehicle assembly and towed vehicle, the connecting device according to the invention no longer necessarily having a lowered portion relative to the usual connecting systems.
  • the connecting device is intended not to oppose a rotation relative rolling movement between the heavy vehicle and the towed vehicle. It is indeed necessary to maintain a relative free roll motion rotation to allow the rolling of the entire heavy vehicle towed vehicle on all types of terrain.
  • the articulation system or systems whether in the case of a variant comprising an instantaneous center of rotation of the relative pitching movement corresponding to a physical element or in the case of an instantaneous center of rotation of the movement relative pitch corresponding to a virtual point, then consist of a system allowing rotational movements in at least two directions.
  • the connecting device is provided not to oppose a rotation relative steering movement between the heavy vehicle and the towed vehicle, such as it is necessary for example to make it at the end of the field to turn around.
  • a first embodiment of the invention provides that the joint system or systems consist of ball-type systems or any other equivalent systems for rotations relative movements in three directions.
  • Another embodiment of the invention provides one or more hinge systems for rotating relative pitch and roll movements, the rotation of the steering movement can be ensured either between the connecting device and the heavy vehicle or between the connecting device and the towed vehicle.
  • said connecting device is associated with a system of connection.
  • lifting to allow the circulation of the entire heavy vehicle towed on the road without said towed vehicle is in the working position and that otherwise it can not be in contact with the ground.
  • a lifting system is linked to the heavy vehicle and at least piloted from it.
  • the invention also advantageously provides a safety system associated with the connecting device which allows to interrupt the connection between the towed vehicle and the heavy vehicle, particularly in case of blockage of the towed vehicle in a work situation for avoid any risk of damage to the connecting device, the towed vehicle and / or the heavy vehicle.
  • This may be for example a pin-like or breakable stud type system as is usually found on current link systems.
  • the invention also proposes a method of traction of a vehicle by a heavy vehicle comprising at least two mounted assemblies according to which the distance between the geometric point of application of the pure resistance force exerted by the towed vehicle on the heavy vehicle and the orthogonal projection of said geometric point of application of the pure resistance force exerted by the towed vehicle on the heavy vehicle on a plane substantially parallel to the plane of the ground surface and containing the geometric point of application of the pure friction force applied by the ground on the heavy vehicle is less than 1/9 of the outer diameter of the largest mounted assembly of the heavy vehicle.
  • the invention also proposes a method of traction of a vehicle by a heavy vehicle according to which the distance between the geometrical point of application of the pure resistance force exerted by the towed vehicle on the heavy vehicle and the projection orthogonal to said geometrical point of application of the pure force of resistance exerted by the towed vehicle on the heavy vehicle on a plane substantially parallel to the plane of the ground surface and containing the geometrical point of application of the pure force of friction applied by the ground on the heavy vehicle is less than 25 centimeters.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 represent: FIG. 1, a schematic representation of a device according to a first embodiment of the invention in the working position, FIG. 2, a schematic representation of the device of the figure in the transport position, FIG. 3, a schematic representation of FIG. a device according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • an agricultural tractor 1 tows a dethatcher 2, the vehicle and the machine being connected by a connecting device 3 according to the invention.
  • This connecting device 3 consists of three parts 4, 5 and 6.
  • the part 4 is secured to the towed vehicle 2 and is its connecting arm or drawbar.
  • Part 6 constitutes the connecting arm to the tractor 1.
  • the part 5 forms the instantaneous center of rotation of the relative pitching movement of the towed vehicle 2 relative to the tractor 1 and the connecting element between the parts 4 and 6
  • This part 5 may be a fastening system similar to those existing in the agricultural field and permitting pitching motion rotations, roll motion rotations and turning motion rotations.
  • the rotations of pitching and rolling movements of the connecting device 3 allow the tractor unit 1 and towed vehicle 2 to ride on uneven terrain or soils and thus absorb the irregularities of the terrain without risk of creating obstacles. excessive stress on the connecting device 3.
  • the rotation of the steering movement of the connecting device 3 is also advantageously provided to allow the maneuvering of the tractor unit 1 towed vehicle 2, in particular to follow non-rectilinear trajectories.
  • Part 5 may thus be provided to allow rotational freedom similar to that allowed by a device of the ball type.
  • the rotation of the steering movement to allow maneuvers of the tractor unit 1 and towed vehicle 2 can be obtained with a fastening system provided for this purpose between the arm 6 of the device link 3 and the tractor 1 or between the arm 4 of the connecting device 3 and the towed vehicle 2.
  • This rotation of the steering movement is then obtained by means dissociated from the part 5 allowing rotations pitching movements and roll.
  • the height h separating the part 5 of the connecting device from a horizontal plane on which is arranged in the working position the tractor unit
  • the invention advantageously provides to add protection elements, not shown in the figures, associated with the connecting device 3. It may be for example a soc placed in front of the part 5, according to the the direction of travel of the tractor, which eliminates all obstacles that could affect the integrity of the connecting device 3.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the same tractor assembly 1, towed vehicle 2 and connecting device 3, said connecting device 3 being in a raised position to allow a taxi on road or road without the towed vehicle is operational.
  • the arm 6 connected to the tractor 1 is therefore advantageously designed as a lifting arm, similar to what already exists on vehicles of this type.
  • the towed vehicle 2 further comprises a conventional reversal system, not shown in the figures, which allows to position it on its wheels 9 and put the work elements 10 inactive position as shown in Figure 2 .
  • FIG. 3 shows an agricultural tractor unit 31, towed vehicle 32 similar to those described in the preceding figures, connected by a connecting device 33 corresponding to an alternative embodiment of the invention according to which the risks of degradation of the fact of the proximity of the soil are eliminated.
  • This virtual point 35 is defined by the presence of a system of four joints 311, 312, 313, 314 connecting the arm 34, integral with the towed vehicle, and the arm 36, integral with the tractor via two connecting elements 315, 316, and whose respective projections in a vertical plane containing the direction of travel of the tractor are comparable to straight lines at the virtual point 35.
  • the virtual instantaneous center system is provided to allow at least rotations of pitching and rolling movements of the towed vehicle 32 relative to the tractor 31.
  • Knuckle type joints or axis can also be provided to allow further rotations, type steering.
  • the tractor and the towed vehicle were identical and circulated on an identical floor.
  • the tractor was a four-wheel drive agricultural tractor of unequal dimensions (smaller at the front than at the rear), with a suspended front axle (left free or blocked during the various tests) and the machine towed a cultivator with teeth.
  • the outer diameter of the largest mounted assemblies (rear) is 1.95 meters.
  • the height h devices according to the invention is equal to 10 centimeters in the first case and equal to 20 cm in the second case.
  • the attachment point of the tractor assembly and towed reference gear is positioned at a height equal to 45 centimeters from a horizontal plane on which is placed said tractor and towed unit.

Abstract

The invention relates to a coupling device (3) for connecting a heavy vehicle (1) and a towed unit (2) which, in the working position, are arranged on a ground forming a horizontal plane, said device (3) allowing the relative pitch movement between the towed unit (2) and the heavy vehicle (1). According to the invention, the distance (4) between the instantaneous centre of rotation (5) of the relative pitch movement of the towed unit (2) with respect to the heavy vehicle (1) and the orthogonal projection of said instantaneous centre of rotation (5) onto said horizontal plane is less than 1/9 of the outside diameter of the largest mounted assembly of the heavy vehicle and/or less than 25 centimetres. The invention also provides a method of towing a unit by a heavy vehicle.

Description

DISPOSITIF DE LIAISON LINK DEVICE
ENTRE UN VEHICULE LOURD ET UN ENGIN TRACTE ET PROCEDE DE TRACTIONBETWEEN A HEAVY VEHICLE AND A TRACT EQUIPMENT AND TRACTION METHOD
[0001] La présente invention concerne un dispositif de liaison entre un véhicule lourd tel qu'un tracteur agricole et un engin tracté tel qu'un outil de travail du sol. L'invention concerne également un procédé de traction d'un engin par un véhicule lourd.The present invention relates to a connecting device between a heavy vehicle such as an agricultural tractor and a towed vehicle such as a tillage tool. The invention also relates to a method of traction of a vehicle by a heavy vehicle.
[0002] II apparaît que dans certaines conditions de roulage, dès lors que l'outil tracté exerce une force non négligeable de résistance à l'avancement, par exemple sous l'effet de la pénétration d'un élément dans le sol tel qu'un disque, le tracteur présente des phénomènes de tressautements de type rebonds causant dans un premier temps des problèmes de confort pour le conducteur, et donc une pénibilité accrue du travail du conducteur, et pouvant aller jusqu'à des problèmes d'avancement du tracteur, les durées de contact devenant insuffisantes pour autoriser des frottements nécessaires à l'avancée du tracteur sur le sol, et donc une perte d'efficacité dudit tracteur par dégradation de l'adhérence du pneumatique sur le sol considéréIt appears that under certain driving conditions, since the towed tool exerts a significant force of resistance to advancement, for example under the effect of the penetration of an element in the ground such that a disc, the tractor exhibits phenomena of jumps of the rebound type causing at first problems of comfort for the driver, and therefore increased hardness of the work of the driver, and up to problems of advancement of the tractor, the contact times becoming insufficient to allow friction required for the advance of the tractor on the ground, and therefore a loss of efficiency of said tractor by degradation of the grip of the tire on the ground considered
[0003] Ces phénomènes de tressautements ou sauts se caractérisent par des oscillations intermittentes ou quasi-entretenues de l'ensemble roulant à des fréquences faibles comprises habituellement entre 0,5 et 4 Hz et sont connus sous le nom de « power hop ».[0003] These jolting or jumping phenomena are characterized by intermittent or quasi-sustained oscillations of the traveling assembly at low frequencies usually comprised between 0.5 and 4 Hz and are known by the name of "power hop".
[0004] Les solutions actuellement mises en œuvre par les utilisateurs consistent à adapter la pression de gonflage des pneumatiques du tracteur de façon empirique ou selon des méthodes pas à pas proposées par les constructeurs de véhicules ou les manufacturiers de pneumatiques. Ces réglages de pression ou de lest du tracteur sont d'une part une perte de temps pour l'utilisateur et en outre ils nuisent aux performances du véhicule puisque les réglages optimaux préconisés ne sont plus respectés. Des pressions trop élevées peuvent par exemple entraîner des compactions plus importantes sur des sols meubles et une résistance à l'avancement plus importante. [0005] Les nombreuses recherches effectuées par la demanderesse portant sur des modifications des pneumatiques et notamment des profils méridiens de la bande de roulement, des profils méridiens d'armature de carcasse, des matériaux d'armatures des carcasse et sommet, des modifications de dessins et dimensions de blocs de sculpture, n'ont pas apporté, à ce jour, les améliorations escomptées, car ces modifications n'agissent pas ou peu sur le phénomène tel que décrit ci-dessus.[0004] The solutions currently implemented by the users consist in adapting the inflation pressure of the tires of the tractor empirically or according to step by step methods proposed by the vehicle manufacturers or the tire manufacturers. These pressure or weight settings of the tractor are on the one hand a waste of time for the user and furthermore they affect the performance of the vehicle since the optimal settings recommended are no longer respected. Too high pressures may for example lead to greater compaction on loose soil and greater resistance to travel. The many researches carried out by the plaintiff relating to tire modifications including meridian profiles of the tread, meridian carcass reinforcement profiles, carcass reinforcement and crown materials, modifications of drawings. and carving block dimensions, have not brought, to date, the expected improvements, because these modifications do not act or little on the phenomenon as described above.
[0006] Concernant la conception habituelle des pneumatiques d'engin agricole l'armature de carcasse, ancrée dans chaque bourrelet, est composée d'au moins une couche d'éléments de renforcement textiles et/ou métalliques, les dits éléments étant sensiblement parallèles entre eux dans la couche et pouvant être sensiblement radiaux et/ou franchement croisés d'une nappe à la suivante en faisant avec la direction circonférentielle des angles égaux ou inégaux. L'armature de carcasse est habituellement surmontée d'une armature de sommet composée d'au moins deux couches de sommet de travail d'éléments de renforcement qui peuvent être textiles ou métalliques, mais croisés d'une couche à la suivante en faisant avec la direction circonférentielle des angles faibles. La bande de roulement du pneumatique considéré est formée de blocs de caoutchouc ou barrettes, inclinées par rapport à la direction circonférentielle d'un angle généralement élevé, et généralement séparées circonférentiellement les unes des autres par des creux présentant une largeur (mesurée dans le sens circonférentiel) supérieure à la largeur moyenne des barrettes. Les dites barrettes peuvent être symétriques entre elles par rapport au plan équatorial en étant continues axialement ou, comme dans la majorité des cas, discontinues axialement. Les extrémités de barrettes axialement proches du plan équatorial sont alors dans la plupart des cas décalées circonférentiellement les unes par rapport aux autres, tout en présentant ce qu'il est courant de dénommer un dessin en chevrons.[0006] With regard to the conventional design of agricultural vehicle tires, the carcass reinforcement, anchored in each bead, is composed of at least one layer of textile and / or metal reinforcing elements, the said elements being substantially parallel between they are in the layer and can be substantially radial and / or cross from one sheet to the next, making equal or unequal angles with the circumferential direction. The carcass reinforcement is usually surmounted by a crown reinforcement composed of at least two working crown layers of reinforcing elements which may be textile or metallic, but crossed from one layer to the next by making with the circumferential direction of weak angles. The tread of the tire under consideration is formed of rubber blocks or bars, inclined with respect to the circumferential direction by a generally high angle, and generally circumferentially separated from each other by recesses having a width (measured in the circumferential direction ) greater than the average width of the bars. Said strips may be symmetrical to each other with respect to the equatorial plane by being axially continuous or, as in the majority of cases, axially discontinuous. The ends of bars axially close to the equatorial plane are then in most cases offset circumferentially with respect to each other, while presenting what is commonly called a herringbone design.
[0007] Dans le brevet FR 1 046 427, la demanderesse a par exemple décrit des armatures de carcasse dans lesquelles les directions des éléments de renforcement de la nappe ou des nappes dans un flanc sont sensiblement symétriques, par rapport au plan équatorial du pneumatique, des directions des éléments de renforcement des dites nappe(s) dans l'autre flanc. Comme montré et explicité, il faut entendre par nappe, soit une nappe continue axialement de bourrelet à bourrelet, soit deux demi-nappes ancrées dans chaque bourrelet à un élément annulaire de renforcement de bourrelet mais dont les extrémités radialement supérieures sont distantes l'une de l'autre et du plan équatorial. [0008] Le brevet US 3 108 628 enseigne encore, en vue de conférer au pneumatique une bonne stabilité sous efforts transversaux, de compléter l'armature de carcasse radiale par des demi-nappes dites de stabilisation et formées d'éléments de renforcement inclinés par rapport à la direction circonférentielle, les dites demi-nappes se chevauchant au sommet sur la plus grande partie de la largeur axiale de la bande de roulement de sorte que les éléments de renforcement se croisent.In patent FR 1 046 427, the Applicant has for example described carcass reinforcement in which the directions of the reinforcing elements of the ply or plies in a sidewall are substantially symmetrical with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire, directions of the reinforcing elements of said ply (s) in the other sidewall. As shown and explained, the term "web" means either an axially continuous ply of bead to bead, or two half-plies anchored in each bead to an annular bead reinforcing member but whose radially upper ends are spaced apart from one another. the other and the equatorial plane. [0008] US Pat. No. 3,108,628 still teaches, in order to give the tire good stability under transverse forces, to complete the radial carcass reinforcement by so-called stabilization half-plies and formed of inclined reinforcing elements. relative to the circumferential direction, said half-plies overlapping at the top over most of the axial width of the tread so that the reinforcing elements intersect.
[0009] Le brevet FR 1 259 199 montre et décrit aussi une armature de carcasse unidirectionnelle composée de deux demi-nappes d'éléments de renforcement inclinés par rapport à la direction circonférentielle de telle sorte qu'elles se chevauchent au sommet du pneumatique pour former une armature croisée.Patent FR 1 259 199 also shows and describes a unidirectional carcass reinforcement composed of two half-plies of reinforcing elements inclined relative to the circumferential direction so that they overlap at the top of the tire to form a crossed frame.
[0010] D'autres documents décrivent des solutions non pneumatiques mais liées au véhicule et/ou à l'outil tracté pour pallier ce problème de tressautements.Other documents describe non-pneumatic solutions but related to the vehicle and / or towed tool to overcome this problem of twists.
[0011] Le document US 6,260,873 décrit un dispositif interposé entre un tracteur et un outil tracté pour amortir les tensions pouvant intervenir entre le tracteur et l'outil.US 6,260,873 discloses a device interposed between a tractor and a towed tool for damping the tensions that may occur between the tractor and the tool.
[0012] Le document US 20050269796 décrit un système optimisé de suspensions pour tracteur agricole permettant de limiter ce phénomène de power hop.US 20050269796 describes an optimized system of suspensions for agricultural tractor to limit this power hop phenomenon.
[0013] Dans leurs études, les inventeurs se sont ainsi donnés pour mission d'améliorer le comportement des ensembles tracteur et engin tracté et notamment d'aboutir à des ensembles dans lesquels le tracteur ne présente pas ou peu de phénomènes de tressautements ou sauts de type power hop qui se caractérisent par des oscillations quasi- entretenues de l'ensemble roulant à des fréquences faibles comprises entre 0,5 et 4 Hz.In their studies, the inventors have thus made it their mission to improve the behavior of the tractor and towed vehicle assemblies and in particular to lead to assemblies in which the tractor has no or few phenomena of jumps or jumps. power hop type which are characterized by quasi-constant oscillations of the rolling assembly at low frequencies between 0.5 and 4 Hz.
[0014] Ce but a été atteint selon l'invention par un dispositif de liaison entre un véhicule lourd comportant au moins deux ensembles montés et un engin tracté disposés en position de travail sur un sol formant un plan horizontal, ledit dispositif autorisant le mouvement de tangage relatif entre l'engin tracté et le véhicule lourd, la distance entre le centre instantané de rotation du mouvement de tangage relatif de l'engin tracté par rapport au véhicule lourd et la projection orthogonale dudit centre instantané de rotation sur ledit plan horizontal étant inférieure à 1/9 du diamètre extérieur du (ou des) plus grand(s) ensemble(s) monté(s) du véhicule lourd. [0015] Au sens de l'invention un ensemble monté est constitué d'une roue et d'une enveloppe pneumatique.This object has been achieved according to the invention by a connecting device between a heavy vehicle having at least two mounted assemblies and a towed vehicle arranged in working position on a ground forming a horizontal plane, said device allowing the movement of relative pitch between the towed vehicle and the heavy vehicle, the distance between the instantaneous center of rotation of the relative pitching motion of the towed vehicle relative to the heavy vehicle and the orthogonal projection of said instantaneous center of rotation on said horizontal plane being less than at 1/9 of the outside diameter of the largest assembly (s) mounted on the heavy vehicle. Within the meaning of the invention a mounted assembly consists of a wheel and a tire envelope.
[0016] La mesure du diamètre extérieur d'un ensemble monté est faite aux conditions nominales de pression de gonflage, ledit ensemble monté étant non chargé.The outer diameter of a mounted assembly is measured at the nominal inflation pressure conditions, said mounted assembly being unloaded.
[0017] Ce but a été atteint selon l'invention de la même façon par un dispositif de liaison entre un véhicule lourd et un engin tracté disposés en position de travail sur un sol formant un plan horizontal, ledit dispositif autorisant le mouvement de tangage relatif entre l'engin tracté et le véhicule lourd, la distance entre le centre instantané de rotation du mouvement de tangage relatif de l'engin tracté par rapport au véhicule lourd et la projection orthogonale dudit centre instantané de rotation sur ledit plan horizontal étant inférieure à 25 centimètres.This object has been achieved according to the invention in the same way by a connecting device between a heavy vehicle and a towed vehicle arranged in working position on a ground forming a horizontal plane, said device allowing relative pitching movement. between the towed vehicle and the heavy vehicle, the distance between the instantaneous center of rotation of the relative pitching movement of the towed vehicle relative to the heavy vehicle and the orthogonal projection of said instantaneous center of rotation on said horizontal plane being less than 25 centimeters.
[0018] Au sens de l'invention, le sol formant un plan horizontal est un sol rigide, ce qui signifie que le véhicule lourd ne crée pas d'ornières dans ledit plan lors de la mesure de la distance considérée.For the purposes of the invention, the ground forming a horizontal plane is a rigid ground, which means that the heavy vehicle does not create ruts in said plane when measuring the distance considered.
[0019] Au sens de l'invention encore, la position de travail correspond à une mise en place du véhicule lourd, de l'engin tracté et du dispositif de liaison telle que l'engin tracté soit en position opérationnelle.For the purposes of the invention, the working position corresponds to an establishment of the heavy vehicle, the towed vehicle and the connecting device such that the towed vehicle is in the operational position.
[0020] Les essais réalisés avec un dispositif ainsi défini ont montré que les phénomènes de tressautements ou de sauts apparaissant habituellement à des fréquences faibles apparaissent beaucoup plus rarement voire sont totalement inexistants ou tout au moins sont moins prononcés en termes d'amplitudes de sauts.The tests carried out with a device thus defined have shown that the phenomena of jumps or jumps usually appearing at low frequencies appear much more rarely or are completely nonexistent or at least are less pronounced in terms of jumps amplitudes.
[0021] Selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, le dispositif de liaison est un élément interposé entre le véhicule lourd et l'engin tracté.According to a first embodiment of the invention, the connecting device is an element interposed between the heavy vehicle and the towed vehicle.
[0022] Selon ce premier mode de réalisation, il est possible d'adapter le dispositif de liaison à des véhicules et engins tractés existants, celui-ci étant prévu pour venir compléter les systèmes d'attaches usuels de ce type de véhicules et d'engins, ledit dispositif de liaison étant interposé entre les systèmes d'attaches existants. Il est ainsi possible d'adapter un dispositif selon l'invention à des véhicules et engins tractés existants sans revoir leur conception et donc permettre de lutter contre ce phénomène de tressautements ou sauts sur du matériel déjà acquis.According to this first embodiment, it is possible to adapt the connecting device to existing vehicles and towed vehicles, the latter being provided to complete the usual fastening systems of this type of vehicle and of gear, said connecting device being interposed between the existing fastening systems. It is thus possible to adapt a device according to the invention to existing vehicles and towed vehicles without reviewing their design and thus allow to fight against this phenomenon of jumps or jumps on already acquired material.
[0023] Le dispositif de liaison se compose alors avantageusement d'un élément unique articulé, pour autoriser au moins le mouvement de tangage relatif de l'engin tracté par rapport au véhicule lourd, qui peut être fixé à chacune de ses extrémités d'une part au véhicule et d'autre part à l'engin tracté.The connecting device then advantageously consists of a single articulated element, to allow at least the relative pitching movement of the towed vehicle relative to the heavy vehicle, which can be fixed at each of its ends a part of the vehicle and on the other hand to the towed vehicle.
[0024] Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, le dispositif de liaison est constitué de deux parties solidaires respectivement du véhicule lourd et de l'engin tracté et pouvant être liées entre elles pour former une liaison articulée, pour autoriser au moins le mouvement de tangage relatif de l'engin tracté par rapport au véhicule lourd.According to a second embodiment of the invention, the connecting device consists of two integral parts respectively of the heavy vehicle and the towed vehicle and can be interconnected to form an articulated connection, to allow at least the relative pitching movement of the towed vehicle relative to the heavy vehicle.
[0025] Selon ce deuxième mode de réalisation, le dispositif de liaison est avantageusement prévu dès les conceptions des véhicules et des engins tractés. La mise en place du dispositif de liaison devient ainsi transparente pour l'opérateur, ledit dispositif de liaison se substituant dès la conception des véhicules et engins aux systèmes d'attaches actuellement connus.According to this second embodiment, the connecting device is advantageously provided from the designs of vehicles and towed equipment. The establishment of the connecting device becomes transparent to the operator, said connecting device replacing the design of vehicles and machines to currently known fastening systems.
[0026] Une variante de l'invention prévoit que le centre instantané de rotation du mouvement de tangage relatif de l'engin tracté par rapport au véhicule lourd correspond à un élément physique du dispositif de liaison. Le dispositif selon l'invention comporte selon cette variante, l'ensemble véhicule lourd et engin tracté étant disposé en position de travail sur un sol formant un plan horizontal, un élément d'articulation distant de sa projection orthogonale sur ledit plan horizontal de moins de 1/9 du diamètre extérieur du plus grand ensemble monté du véhicule lourd et/ou de moins de 25 centimètres.A variant of the invention provides that the instantaneous center of rotation of the relative pitching movement of the towed vehicle relative to the heavy vehicle corresponds to a physical element of the connecting device. The device according to the invention comprises according to this variant, the combination of heavy vehicle and towed vehicle being arranged in the working position on a ground forming a horizontal plane, a hinge member remote from its orthogonal projection on said horizontal plane of less than 1/9 of the outer diameter of the largest mounted assembly of the heavy vehicle and / or less than 25 centimeters.
[0027] Cet élément d'articulation peut alors être associé à un élément de protection contre d'éventuelles agressions pouvant provenir par exemple de la présence de reliefs ou de cailloux sur le sol. En effet, ce type d'ensemble constitué d'un véhicule lourd et d'un engin tracté est essentiellement utilisé en position de travail sur des terrains agricoles qui présentent des reliefs pouvant constituer un risque pour le dispositif selon l'invention et notamment pour ledit point d'articulation. L'élément d'articulation se trouve en effet selon l'invention à une distance inhabituellement faible du sol par rapport aux systèmes de liaison connus. Un tel élément de protection est par exemple un soc qui est fixé en amont de l'élément d'articulation pour éviter tout contact entre celui-ci et le sol. Ce soc protecteur est alors avantageusement choisi avec une forme propre à réduire la résistance à l'avancement qu'il induit s'il pénètre significativement le sol.This hinge element can then be associated with a protection element against possible aggression that may come for example from the presence of reliefs or pebbles on the ground. Indeed, this type of assembly consisting of a heavy vehicle and a towed vehicle is mainly used in working position on agricultural lands that have reliefs that may constitute a risk for the device according to the invention and in particular for said point of articulation. The hinge element is in fact according to the invention at an unusually low distance from the ground relative to the known connection systems. Such a protection element is for example a soc which is fixed upstream the hinge element to prevent contact between the hinge and the ground. This protective share is then advantageously chosen with a shape that reduces the resistance to advancement that it induces if it penetrates significantly the ground.
[0028] Un tel élément de protection trouve encore son utilité dans le cas de roulage en position de travail sur des sols meubles ; les pneumatiques créent un écrasement du sol par compaction et le niveau du plan moyen de roulage se trouve abaissé par rapport au plan moyen de la surface du sol. L'élément d'articulation du dispositif selon l'invention peut donc se trouver à une distance du sol inférieure à la distance à laquelle il se trouve lorsque le véhicule lourd et l'engin tracté circule sur un sol formant un plan horizontal, suffisamment rigide pour que le plan moyen de roulage et le plan de la surface du sol puissent être considérés comme confondus.Such a protective element is still useful in the case of rolling in the working position on soft ground; the tires create a crushing of the ground by compaction and the level of the average rolling plane is lowered relative to the mean plane of the ground surface. The hinge element of the device according to the invention can therefore be at a distance from the ground less than the distance at which it is when the heavy vehicle and the towed vehicle is traveling on a ground forming a horizontal plane, sufficiently rigid so that the average rolling plane and the plane of the ground surface can be considered as merged.
[0029] Un tel élément de protection peut être considéré comme indispensable dès qu'un roulage en position de travail sur un sol meuble conduit à une distance entre l'élément d'articulation, ou centre instantané de rotation du mouvement de tangage relatif de l'engin tracté par rapport au véhicule lourd, et sa projection orthogonale sur le plan moyen de roulage qui est inférieure à la distance mesurée, selon une direction perpendiculaire au plan moyen de roulage, entre le plan moyen de roulage et le plan moyen de la surface du sol. L'élément d'articulation se trouvant sous le plan moyen de la surface du sol peut donc se trouver dans le sol.Such a protective element may be considered indispensable as soon as rolling in working position on soft ground leads to a distance between the hinge element, or instantaneous center of rotation of the relative pitching motion of the body. towed vehicle relative to the heavy vehicle, and its orthogonal projection on the mean rolling plane which is less than the measured distance, in a direction perpendicular to the mean rolling plane, between the mean rolling plane and the mean plane of the surface of the ground. The hinge element lying under the middle plane of the ground surface can therefore be in the ground.
[0030] Selon une autre variante de réalisation de l'invention, le centre instantané de rotation du mouvement de tangage relatif de l'engin tracté par rapport au véhicule lourd correspond à un point virtuel.According to another embodiment of the invention, the instantaneous center of rotation of the relative pitching movement of the towed vehicle relative to the heavy vehicle corresponds to a virtual point.
[0031] Le point est dit « virtuel » au sens de l'invention soit par l'absence de matière soit dès que la matière présente au voisinage de la position géométrique dudit point ne contribue pas à assurer la rotation du mouvement de tangage relatif de l'engin tracté par rapport au véhicule lourd. Un point virtuel constituant un centre instantané de rotation relative entre deux parties d'un ensemble dans un plan vertical est par exemple obtenu en reliant les deux parties par deux barreaux tels que, pour chacun des barreaux, la droite passant par les points de liaison articulée en extrémité de barreau à chacune des parties passe par le point virtuel. Il sera revenu plus en détail sur cette variante de réalisation en référence à la description des figures. L'assimilation du centre instantané de rotation du mouvement de tangage à un point virtuel permet contrairement à la variante précédente de réalisation de l'invention de prévenir tous risques d'endommagement du fait de la proximité d'une partie matérielle du dispositif par rapport à la surface du sol sur lequel se déplace l'ensemble véhicule lourd et engin tracté, le dispositif de liaison selon l'invention ne présentant plus nécessairement une partie abaissée par rapport aux systèmes de liaison usuels.The point is said to be "virtual" in the sense of the invention either by the absence of material or as soon as the material in the vicinity of the geometric position of said point does not contribute to ensuring the rotation of the relative pitching motion of the towed vehicle compared to the heavy vehicle. A virtual point constituting an instantaneous center of relative rotation between two parts of an assembly in a vertical plane is for example obtained by connecting the two parts by two bars such that, for each of the bars, the line passing through the articulated connection points at the end of the bar to each of the parts passes through the virtual point. It will be returned in more detail on this embodiment with reference to the description of the figures. The assimilation of the instantaneous center of rotation of the pitching movement at a virtual point allows unlike the previous embodiment of the invention to prevent any risk of damage due to the proximity of a material part of the device relative to the ground surface on which moves l heavy vehicle assembly and towed vehicle, the connecting device according to the invention no longer necessarily having a lowered portion relative to the usual connecting systems.
[0032] Avantageusement selon l'invention, le dispositif de liaison est prévu pour ne pas s'opposer à une rotation de mouvement de roulis relatif entre le véhicule lourd et l'engin tracté. Il est effectivement nécessaire de conserver une rotation de mouvement de roulis relatif libre pour permettre le roulage de l'ensemble véhicule lourd engin tracté sur tous types de terrains. Le ou les systèmes d'articulations, que l'on soit dans le cas d'une variante comportant un centre instantané de rotation du mouvement de tangage relatif correspondant à un élément physique ou bien dans le cas d'un centre instantané de rotation du mouvement de tangage relatif correspondant à un point virtuel, sont alors constitués de système permettant des mouvements de rotation selon au moins deux directions.Advantageously according to the invention, the connecting device is intended not to oppose a rotation relative rolling movement between the heavy vehicle and the towed vehicle. It is indeed necessary to maintain a relative free roll motion rotation to allow the rolling of the entire heavy vehicle towed vehicle on all types of terrain. The articulation system or systems, whether in the case of a variant comprising an instantaneous center of rotation of the relative pitching movement corresponding to a physical element or in the case of an instantaneous center of rotation of the movement relative pitch corresponding to a virtual point, then consist of a system allowing rotational movements in at least two directions.
[0033] Avantageusement encore selon l'invention, le dispositif de liaison est prévu pour ne pas s'opposer à une rotation de mouvement de braquage relatif entre le véhicule lourd et l'engin tracté, tel qu'il est par exemple nécessaire d'en faire en extrémité de champ pour faire demi-tour. Une première variante de réalisation de l'invention, prévoit que le ou les systèmes d'articulations sont constitués de systèmes de type rotule ou de tous autres systèmes équivalents permettant des rotations de mouvements relatifs selon trois directions. Une autre variante de réalisation de l'invention prévoit un ou des systèmes d'articulation permettant des rotations de mouvements relatifs de tangage et de roulis, la rotation du mouvement de braquage pouvant être assurée soit entre le dispositif de liaison et le véhicule lourd soit entre le dispositif de liaison et l'engin tracté.Advantageously also according to the invention, the connecting device is provided not to oppose a rotation relative steering movement between the heavy vehicle and the towed vehicle, such as it is necessary for example to make it at the end of the field to turn around. A first embodiment of the invention provides that the joint system or systems consist of ball-type systems or any other equivalent systems for rotations relative movements in three directions. Another embodiment of the invention provides one or more hinge systems for rotating relative pitch and roll movements, the rotation of the steering movement can be ensured either between the connecting device and the heavy vehicle or between the connecting device and the towed vehicle.
[0034] Avantageusement encore, notamment dans le cas d'un dispositif de liaison selon l'invention comportant un centre instantané de rotation du mouvement de tangage correspondant à un élément physique du dispositif de liaison, ledit dispositif de liaison est associé à un système de relevage pour permettre la circulation de l'ensemble véhicule lourd engin tracté sur route sans que ledit engin tracté soit en position de travail et qu'au contraire il ne puisse pas être en contact avec le sol. Avantageusement encore, un tel système de relevage est lié au véhicule lourd et tout au moins piloté depuis celui-ci.Advantageously, in particular in the case of a connecting device according to the invention comprising an instantaneous center of rotation of the pitching movement corresponding to a physical element of the connecting device, said connecting device is associated with a system of connection. lifting to allow the circulation of the entire heavy vehicle towed on the road without said towed vehicle is in the working position and that otherwise it can not be in contact with the ground. Advantageously, such a lifting system is linked to the heavy vehicle and at least piloted from it.
[0035] L'invention prévoit encore avantageusement un système de sécurité associé au dispositif de liaison qui permet d'interrompre la liaison entre l'engin tracté et le véhicule lourd, notamment en cas de blocage de l'engin tracté en situation de travail pour éviter tous risques d'endommagement du dispositif de liaison, de l'engin tracté et/ou du véhicule lourd. Il peut s'agir par exemple d'un système de type goupille ou goujon sécable telle qu'on en trouve usuellement sur les systèmes actuels de liaison.The invention also advantageously provides a safety system associated with the connecting device which allows to interrupt the connection between the towed vehicle and the heavy vehicle, particularly in case of blockage of the towed vehicle in a work situation for avoid any risk of damage to the connecting device, the towed vehicle and / or the heavy vehicle. This may be for example a pin-like or breakable stud type system as is usually found on current link systems.
[0036] Les différents modes de réalisation et/ou variantes de l'invention présentés précédemment sont plus particulièrement adaptés au cas d'un tracteur agricole tractant un outil de travail du sol qui entraîne une forte résistance à l'avancement tel qu'un rotateur à disques.The various embodiments and / or variants of the invention presented above are more particularly suitable for the case of an agricultural tractor towing a tillage tool which causes a high resistance to progress such as a rotator discs.
[0037] L'invention propose encore un procédé de traction d'un engin par un véhicule lourd comportant au moins deux ensembles montés selon lequel la distance entre le point géométrique d'application de la force pure de résistance exercée par l'engin tracté sur le véhicule lourd et la projection orthogonale dudit point géométrique d'application de la force pure de résistance exercée par l'engin tracté sur le véhicule lourd sur un plan sensiblement parallèle au plan de la surface du sol et contenant le point géométrique d'application de la force pure de frottement appliquée par le sol sur le véhicule lourd est inférieure à 1/9 du diamètre extérieure du plus grand ensemble monté du véhicule lourd.The invention also proposes a method of traction of a vehicle by a heavy vehicle comprising at least two mounted assemblies according to which the distance between the geometric point of application of the pure resistance force exerted by the towed vehicle on the heavy vehicle and the orthogonal projection of said geometric point of application of the pure resistance force exerted by the towed vehicle on the heavy vehicle on a plane substantially parallel to the plane of the ground surface and containing the geometric point of application of the pure friction force applied by the ground on the heavy vehicle is less than 1/9 of the outer diameter of the largest mounted assembly of the heavy vehicle.
[0038] L'invention propose également un procédé de traction d'un engin par un véhicule lourd selon lequel la distance entre le point géométrique d'application de la force pure de résistance exercée par l'engin tracté sur le véhicule lourd et la projection orthogonale dudit point géométrique d'application de la force pure de résistance exercée par l'engin tracté sur le véhicule lourd sur un plan sensiblement parallèle au plan de la surface du sol et contenant le point géométrique d'application de la force pure de frottement appliquée par le sol sur le véhicule lourd est inférieure à 25 centimètres.The invention also proposes a method of traction of a vehicle by a heavy vehicle according to which the distance between the geometrical point of application of the pure resistance force exerted by the towed vehicle on the heavy vehicle and the projection orthogonal to said geometrical point of application of the pure force of resistance exerted by the towed vehicle on the heavy vehicle on a plane substantially parallel to the plane of the ground surface and containing the geometrical point of application of the pure force of friction applied by the ground on the heavy vehicle is less than 25 centimeters.
[0039] D'autres détails et caractéristiques avantageux de l'invention ressortiront ci- après de la description d'exemples de réalisation de l'invention en référence aux figures 1 à 3 qui représentent : figure 1, une représentation schématique d'un dispositif selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention en position de travail, figure 2, une représentation schématique du dispositif de la figure en position de transport, - figure 3, une représentation schématique d'un dispositif selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention.Other details and advantageous features of the invention will emerge below from the description of exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 which represent: FIG. 1, a schematic representation of a device according to a first embodiment of the invention in the working position, FIG. 2, a schematic representation of the device of the figure in the transport position, FIG. 3, a schematic representation of FIG. a device according to a second embodiment of the invention.
[0040] Les figures ne sont pas représentées à l'échelle pour en simplifier la compréhension.The figures are not shown in scale to simplify understanding.
[0041] Sur la figure 1, un tracteur agricole 1 tracte un engin de déchaumage 2, le véhicule et l'engin étant reliés par un dispositif de liaison 3 conforme à l'invention. Ce dispositif de liaison 3 est constitué de trois parties 4, 5 et 6. La partie 4 est solidaire de l'engin tracté 2 et constitue son bras de liaison ou timon. La partie 6 constitue le bras de liaison au tracteur 1. Et la partie 5 forme le centre instantané de rotation du mouvement de tangage relatif de l'engin tracté 2 par rapport au tracteur 1 et l'élément de liaison entre les parties 4 et 6. Cette partie 5 peut être un système d'attache similaire à ceux existants dans le domaine agricole et autorisant des rotations de mouvement de tangage, des rotations de mouvement de roulis et des rotations de mouvement de braquage.In Figure 1, an agricultural tractor 1 tows a dethatcher 2, the vehicle and the machine being connected by a connecting device 3 according to the invention. This connecting device 3 consists of three parts 4, 5 and 6. The part 4 is secured to the towed vehicle 2 and is its connecting arm or drawbar. Part 6 constitutes the connecting arm to the tractor 1. And the part 5 forms the instantaneous center of rotation of the relative pitching movement of the towed vehicle 2 relative to the tractor 1 and the connecting element between the parts 4 and 6 This part 5 may be a fastening system similar to those existing in the agricultural field and permitting pitching motion rotations, roll motion rotations and turning motion rotations.
[0042] Les rotations de mouvements de tangage et de roulis du dispositif de liaison 3 permettent à l'ensemble tracteur 1 et engin tracté 2 de rouler sur des terrains ou sols accidentés et ainsi d'absorber les irrégularités du terrain sans risque de créer des contraintes trop fortes sur le dispositif de liaison 3.The rotations of pitching and rolling movements of the connecting device 3 allow the tractor unit 1 and towed vehicle 2 to ride on uneven terrain or soils and thus absorb the irregularities of the terrain without risk of creating obstacles. excessive stress on the connecting device 3.
[0043] La rotation du mouvement de braquage du dispositif de liaison 3 est également avantageusement prévue pour permettre les manœuvres de l'ensemble tracteur 1 engin tracté 2, notamment pour suivre des trajectoires non rectilignes.The rotation of the steering movement of the connecting device 3 is also advantageously provided to allow the maneuvering of the tractor unit 1 towed vehicle 2, in particular to follow non-rectilinear trajectories.
[0044] La partie 5 peut ainsi être prévue pour autoriser des libertés de rotation assimilables à celle autorisées par un dispositif de type rotule.Part 5 may thus be provided to allow rotational freedom similar to that allowed by a device of the ball type.
[0045] Selon d'autres modes de réalisation de l'invention, la rotation du mouvement de braquage pour permettre les manœuvres de l'ensemble tracteur 1 et engin tracté 2 peut être obtenue avec un système d'attache prévu à cet effet entre le bras 6 du dispositif de liaison 3 et le tracteur 1 ou bien entre le bras 4 du dispositif de liaison 3 et l'engin tracté 2. Cette rotation du mouvement de braquage est alors obtenu par des moyens dissociés de la partie 5 autorisant les rotations de mouvements de tangage et de roulis.According to other embodiments of the invention, the rotation of the steering movement to allow maneuvers of the tractor unit 1 and towed vehicle 2 can be obtained with a fastening system provided for this purpose between the arm 6 of the device link 3 and the tractor 1 or between the arm 4 of the connecting device 3 and the towed vehicle 2. This rotation of the steering movement is then obtained by means dissociated from the part 5 allowing rotations pitching movements and roll.
[0046] Conformément à l'invention, la hauteur h séparant la partie 5 du dispositif de liaison d'un plan horizontal sur lequel est disposé en position de travail l'ensemble tracteurAccording to the invention, the height h separating the part 5 of the connecting device from a horizontal plane on which is arranged in the working position the tractor unit
1 et engin tracté 2 est égale à 10 centimètres. Les résultats obtenus lors d'essais réalisés ont montré que les phénomènes de power hop apparaissant avec des dispositifs de liaison classiques apparaissent moins fréquemment et de manière moins prononcée ou n'apparaissent plus avec le dispositif de liaison selon l'invention.1 and towed vehicle 2 is equal to 10 centimeters. The results obtained during tests carried out have shown that the phenomena of power hop appearing with conventional connecting devices appear less frequently and less pronounced or no longer appear with the connecting device according to the invention.
[0047] En roulage dans les champs, la faible hauteur de la partie 5 du dispositif de liaison 3 rend cette partie vulnérable du fait de la présence possible d'obstacles de type pierres ou autres sur la trajectoire suivie par cette partie 5.When rolling in the fields, the low height of the part 5 of the connecting device 3 makes this part vulnerable because of the possible presence of obstacles like stones or others on the trajectory followed by this part 5.
[0048] L'invention prévoit avantageusement d'ajouter des éléments de protection, non représentés sur les figures, associés au dispositif de liaison 3. Il peut s'agir par exemple d'un soc mis en place devant la partie 5, selon le sens d'avancement du tracteur, qui vient écarter tous les obstacles pouvant porter préjudice à l'intégrité du dispositif de liaison 3.The invention advantageously provides to add protection elements, not shown in the figures, associated with the connecting device 3. It may be for example a soc placed in front of the part 5, according to the the direction of travel of the tractor, which eliminates all obstacles that could affect the integrity of the connecting device 3.
[0049] Ce type de protection est plus particulièrement utile lorsque le tracteur travaille sur des terrains meubles ; en effet, les roues 7, 8 du tracteur 1 créent des ornières qui conduisent à diminuer la distance entre la partie 5 et la zone du sol directement en son regard, celle-ci se trouvant par conception entre les ornières formées par les roues 7, 8. Le risque de contact avec des obstacles pouvant générer des dégradations du dispositif de liaison augmente du fait de cette proximité du sol encore plus importante de la partie 5 du dispositif de liaison 3.This type of protection is particularly useful when the tractor works on soft ground; in fact, the wheels 7, 8 of the tractor 1 create ruts which lead to reducing the distance between the part 5 and the ground zone directly in its view, the latter being by design between the ruts formed by the wheels 7, 8. The risk of contact with obstacles that can cause damage to the connecting device increases because of this much closer proximity to the ground of the part 5 of the connecting device 3.
[0050] La figure 2 illustre le même ensemble tracteur 1, engin tracté 2 et dispositif de liaison 3, ledit dispositif de liaison 3 étant dans une position relevé pour permettre un roulage sur chemin ou route sans que l'engin tracté soit opérationnel.Figure 2 illustrates the same tractor assembly 1, towed vehicle 2 and connecting device 3, said connecting device 3 being in a raised position to allow a taxi on road or road without the towed vehicle is operational.
[0051] Le bras 6 lié au tracteur 1 est pour cela avantageusement conçu comme étant un bras de relevage, de manière semblable à ce qui existe déjà sur des véhicules de ce type. [0052] L'engin tracté 2 comporte encore un système de retournement usuel, non représenté sur les figures, qui permet de positionner celui-ci sur ses roues 9 et de mettre les éléments de travail 10 en position inactive comme le montre la figure 2.The arm 6 connected to the tractor 1 is therefore advantageously designed as a lifting arm, similar to what already exists on vehicles of this type. The towed vehicle 2 further comprises a conventional reversal system, not shown in the figures, which allows to position it on its wheels 9 and put the work elements 10 inactive position as shown in Figure 2 .
[0053] La figure 3 représente un ensemble tracteur agricole 31, engin tracté 32 semblables à ceux décrits sur les figures précédentes, reliés par un dispositif de liaison 33 correspondant à une variante de réalisation de l'invention selon laquelle les risques de dégradation du fait de la proximité du sol sont éliminés.FIG. 3 shows an agricultural tractor unit 31, towed vehicle 32 similar to those described in the preceding figures, connected by a connecting device 33 corresponding to an alternative embodiment of the invention according to which the risks of degradation of the fact of the proximity of the soil are eliminated.
[0054] Alors que dans le cas de la représentation des figures 1 et 2, le centre instantané de rotation du mouvement de tangage de l'engin tracté par rapport au tracteur correspond à un élément physique, la partie 5 du dispositif de liaison 3, le centre instantané de rotation du mouvement de tangage de l'engin tracté par rapport au tracteur correspond, dans le cas de la figure 3, à un point virtuel 35 du dispositif de liaison 33.While in the case of the representation of Figures 1 and 2, the instantaneous center of rotation of the pitching movement of the towed vehicle relative to the tractor corresponds to a physical element, the part 5 of the connecting device 3, the instantaneous center of rotation of the pitching movement of the towed machine with respect to the tractor corresponds, in the case of FIG. 3, to a virtual point 35 of the connecting device 33.
[0055] Ce point virtuel 35 est défini par la présence d'un système de quatre articulations 311, 312, 313, 314 reliant le bras 34, solidaire de l'engin tracté, et le bras 36, solidaire du tracteur par l'intermédiaire de deux éléments de liaison 315, 316, et dont les projections respectives dans un plan vertical contenant la direction d'avancement du tracteur sont assimilables à des droites concourantes au point virtuel 35.This virtual point 35 is defined by the presence of a system of four joints 311, 312, 313, 314 connecting the arm 34, integral with the towed vehicle, and the arm 36, integral with the tractor via two connecting elements 315, 316, and whose respective projections in a vertical plane containing the direction of travel of the tractor are comparable to straight lines at the virtual point 35.
[0056] Comme dans le cas des figures précédentes, le système à centre instantané virtuel est prévu pour autoriser au moins des rotations de mouvements de tangage et de roulis de l'engin tracté 32 par rapport au tracteur 31. Des articulations de type rotule ou axe peuvent également être prévues pour autoriser en outre des rotations, de type braquage.As in the previous figures, the virtual instantaneous center system is provided to allow at least rotations of pitching and rolling movements of the towed vehicle 32 relative to the tractor 31. Knuckle type joints or axis can also be provided to allow further rotations, type steering.
[0057] Sur la figure 3, le bras 34 de l'engin tracté 32 est représenté en position supérieure à celle du bras 36 du tracteur 31 mais une représentation inverse avec un bras 36 au-dessus du bras 34 serait équivalente.In Figure 3, the arm 34 of the towed vehicle 32 is shown in a position greater than that of the arm 36 of the tractor 31, but an inverse representation with an arm 36 above the arm 34 would be equivalent.
[0058] Des essais ont été réalisés avec une configuration conforme à celle de la figureTests have been carried out with a configuration according to that of FIG.
1 et avec une variante présentant une hauteur h différente et les résultats ont été comparés à ceux obtenus avec un dispositif de liaison usuel de référence.1 and with a variant having a different height h and the results were compared with those obtained with a standard reference connection device.
[0059] Dans les deux cas selon l'invention et dans le dispositif de référence, le tracteur et l'engin tracté étaient identiques et circulaient sur un sol identique. Le tracteur était un tracteur agricole à quatre roues motrices de dimensions inégales (plus petites à l'avant qu'à l'arrière), avec pont avant suspendu (laissé libre ou bloqué pendant les différents tests) et l'engin tracté un cultivateur à dents. Le diamètre extérieur des ensembles montés les plus grands (à l'arrière) est égal à 1,95 mètre.In both cases according to the invention and in the reference device, the tractor and the towed vehicle were identical and circulated on an identical floor. The tractor was a four-wheel drive agricultural tractor of unequal dimensions (smaller at the front than at the rear), with a suspended front axle (left free or blocked during the various tests) and the machine towed a cultivator with teeth. The outer diameter of the largest mounted assemblies (rear) is 1.95 meters.
[0060] La hauteur h des dispositifs selon l'invention est égale à 10 centimètres dans le premier cas et égale à 20 cm dans le deuxième cas.The height h devices according to the invention is equal to 10 centimeters in the first case and equal to 20 cm in the second case.
[0061] Le point de fixation de l'ensemble tracteur et engin tracté de référence est quant à lui positionné à une hauteur égale à 45 centimètres par rapport à un plan horizontal sur lequel est placé ledit ensemble tracteur et engin tracté.The attachment point of the tractor assembly and towed reference gear is positioned at a height equal to 45 centimeters from a horizontal plane on which is placed said tractor and towed unit.
[0062] Les essais ont été réalisés à différentes pressions de gonflage, notamment pour balayer les pressions de gonflage constatées chez les agriculteurs et prendre en compte l'ensemble des situations dans lesquelles le phénomène de power hop peut apparaître.The tests were performed at different inflation pressures, in particular to scan the inflation pressures found in farmers and take into account all situations in which the phenomenon of power hop may appear.
[0063] Les tests ont été réalisés sur des chaumes de blé avec un ou deux passages au même endroit pour reproduire des actions réelles d'agriculteur, le deuxième passage visant à finir d'enfouir la végétation indésirable.The tests were carried out on wheat stalks with one or two passages in the same place to reproduce real actions of farmer, the second passage to finish burying the undesirable vegetation.
[0064] Les résultats ont mis en évidence que les dispositifs de liaison selon l'invention permettent effectivement de limiter voire éliminer ce phénomène de power hop dans certains cas de figures. En effet, quelles que soient les conditions de roulage, il est apparu que par rapport à l'ensemble de référence, les ensembles tracteur et engin tracté associé à un dispositif de liaison selon l'invention ont conduit à des conditions de confort et de traction acceptables lorsque l'ensemble de référence présente soit un confort inacceptable pour le conducteur soit un manque de traction inacceptable du fait du phénomène de power hop.The results have shown that the connecting devices according to the invention can effectively limit or eliminate this power hop phenomenon in some cases. Indeed, whatever the driving conditions, it has appeared that compared to the reference assembly, the tractor and towed vehicle assemblies associated with a connecting device according to the invention have led to conditions of comfort and traction. acceptable when the reference assembly has either unacceptable comfort for the driver or a lack of traction unacceptable due to the phenomenon of power hop.
[0065] En outre, la comparaison des résultats obtenus avec les deux dispositifs conformes à l'invention a mis en évidence que dans certaines conditions de roulage une hauteur h égale à 10 cm permettaient d'éliminer totalement le phénomène de power hop ou tout au moins améliorait encore les conditions de confort et de traction de l'ensemble tracteur et engin tracté par rapport à une hauteur h égale à 20 cm. In addition, the comparison of the results obtained with the two devices according to the invention has shown that under certain driving conditions a height h equal to 10 cm allowed to totally eliminate the phenomenon of power hop or while minus further improved the conditions of comfort and traction of the tractor and towed unit compared to a height h equal to 20 cm.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 - Dispositif de liaison entre un véhicule lourd comportant au moins deux ensembles montés et un engin tracté disposés en position de travail sur un sol formant un plan horizontal, ledit dispositif autorisant le mouvement de tangage relatif entre l'engin tracté et le véhicule lourd, caractérisé en ce que la distance entre le centre instantané de rotation du mouvement de tangage relatif de l'engin tracté par rapport au véhicule lourd et la projection orthogonale dudit centre instantané de rotation sur ledit plan horizontal est inférieure à 1/9 du diamètre extérieur du plus grand ensemble monté du véhicule lourd.1 - Connecting device between a heavy vehicle comprising at least two mounted assemblies and a towed vehicle arranged in working position on a ground forming a horizontal plane, said device allowing the relative pitching movement between the towed vehicle and the heavy vehicle, characterized in that the distance between the instantaneous center of rotation of the relative pitching motion of the towed vehicle relative to the heavy vehicle and the orthogonal projection of said instantaneous center of rotation on said horizontal plane is less than 1/9 of the outer diameter of the larger mounted set of heavy vehicle.
2 - Dispositif de liaison entre un véhicule lourd et un engin tracté disposés en position de travail sur un sol formant un plan horizontal, ledit dispositif autorisant le mouvement de tangage relatif entre l'engin tracté et le véhicule lourd, caractérisé en ce que la distance entre le centre instantané de rotation du mouvement de tangage relatif de l'engin tracté par rapport au véhicule lourd et la projection orthogonale dudit centre instantané de rotation sur ledit plan horizontal est inférieure à 25 centimètres.2 - Connecting device between a heavy vehicle and a towed vehicle arranged in working position on a ground forming a horizontal plane, said device allowing the relative pitching movement between the towed vehicle and the heavy vehicle, characterized in that the distance between the instantaneous center of rotation of the relative pitching motion of the towed vehicle relative to the heavy vehicle and the orthogonal projection of said instantaneous center of rotation on said horizontal plane is less than 25 centimeters.
3 - Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de liaison est un élément interposé entre le véhicule lourd et l'engin tracté.3 - Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the connecting device is an element interposed between the heavy vehicle and the towed vehicle.
4 - Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de liaison est constitué de deux parties solidaires respectivement du véhicule lourd et de l'engin tracté.4 - Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the connecting device consists of two integral parts respectively of the heavy vehicle and the towed vehicle.
5 - Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le centre instantané de rotation du mouvement de tangage correspond à un élément physique du dispositif de liaison.5 - Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the instantaneous center of rotation of the pitching movement corresponds to a physical element of the connecting device.
6 - Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le centre instantané de rotation du mouvement de tangage est associé à un élément de protection.6 - Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the instantaneous center of rotation of the pitching movement is associated with a protection element.
7 - Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le centre instantané de rotation du mouvement de tangage correspond à un point virtuel.7 - Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the instantaneous center of rotation of the pitching movement corresponds to a virtual point.
8 - Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le véhicule lourd est un tracteur agricole et en ce que l'engin tracté est un outil de travail du sol. 9 - Procédé de traction d'un engin par un véhicule lourd comportant au moins deux ensembles montés caractérisé en ce que la distance entre le point géométrique d'application de la force pure de résistance exercée par l'engin tracté sur le véhicule lourd et la projection orthogonale dudit point géométrique d'application de la force pure de résistance exercée par l'engin tracté sur le véhicule lourd sur un plan sensiblement parallèle au plan de la surface du sol et contenant le point géométrique d'application de la force pure de frottement appliquée par le sol sur le véhicule lourd est inférieure à 1/9 du diamètre extérieur du plus grand ensemble monté du véhicule lourd.8 - Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heavy vehicle is an agricultural tractor and in that the towed vehicle is a tillage tool. 9 - A method of traction of a vehicle by a heavy vehicle having at least two mounted assemblies characterized in that the distance between the geometric point of application of the pure resistance force exerted by the towed vehicle on the heavy vehicle and the orthogonal projection of said geometric point of application of the pure resistance force exerted by the towed vehicle on the heavy vehicle on a plane substantially parallel to the plane of the ground surface and containing the geometrical point of application of the pure friction force applied by the ground on the heavy vehicle is less than 1/9 of the outer diameter of the largest mounted assembly of the heavy vehicle.
10 - Procédé de traction d'un engin par un véhicule lourd caractérisé en ce que la distance entre le point géométrique d'application de la force pure de résistance exercée par l'engin tracté sur le véhicule lourd et la projection orthogonale dudit point géométrique d'application de la force pure de résistance exercée par l'engin tracté sur le véhicule lourd sur un plan sensiblement parallèle au plan de la surface du sol et contenant le point géométrique d'application de la force pure de frottement appliquée par le sol sur le véhicule lourd est inférieure à 25 centimètres. 10 - A method of traction of a vehicle by a heavy vehicle characterized in that the distance between the geometric point of application of the pure force of resistance exerted by the towed vehicle on the heavy vehicle and the orthogonal projection of said geometric point d application of the pure resistance force exerted by the towed vehicle on the heavy vehicle on a plane substantially parallel to the plane of the ground surface and containing the geometrical point of application of the pure force of friction applied by the ground on the heavy vehicle is less than 25 centimeters.
EP08774943A 2007-07-16 2008-07-09 Coupling device for connecting a heavy vehicle and a towed unit, and towing method Withdrawn EP2181002A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0705167A FR2918840B1 (en) 2007-07-16 2007-07-16 CONNECTION DEVICE BETWEEN A HEAVY VEHICLE AND A TRACT VEHICLE AND TRACTION METHOD.
PCT/EP2008/058938 WO2009010439A1 (en) 2007-07-16 2008-07-09 Coupling device for connecting a heavy vehicle and a towed unit, and towing method

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2181002A1 true EP2181002A1 (en) 2010-05-05

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EP08774943A Withdrawn EP2181002A1 (en) 2007-07-16 2008-07-09 Coupling device for connecting a heavy vehicle and a towed unit, and towing method

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20100307781A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2181002A1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0814605A8 (en)
CA (1) CA2692624C (en)
EA (1) EA015433B1 (en)
FR (1) FR2918840B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2009010439A1 (en)

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BRPI0814605A2 (en) 2015-01-27
CA2692624C (en) 2015-11-17
WO2009010439A1 (en) 2009-01-22
EA201070146A1 (en) 2010-06-30
CA2692624A1 (en) 2009-01-22
FR2918840A1 (en) 2009-01-23
EA015433B1 (en) 2011-08-30
BRPI0814605A8 (en) 2017-12-26
US20100307781A1 (en) 2010-12-09
FR2918840B1 (en) 2012-07-27

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